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Attawit Kovitvadhi, [email protected]
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Department of physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University
1. Current situation of animal production
2. Which animals should be fed insects?
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed?
4. Regulation to use insects as raw material or diets
5. Conclusion
Outlines
High profits
- Low investment cost
- High production yield
- High selling price
1. Current situation of animal production
- Valuable price
- Perception & Taste
- Food security
Functional food
Trends - Ban of Growth Promoter Antibiotics
- Animal welfare
- World friendly (Pollution)
- Organic farming
- Sustainable agriculture
2. Which animals should be fed insects ?
Normal behavior & Nutrient requirement & Consequences
Number = Number of research articles
Broiler 18 Layer 3 Quails 2
Swine 4 Ruminant 2
Fish > 40
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?
Black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)
Housefly larvae(Musca domestica)
Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori)
Field crickets(Gryllus testaceus)
Mealworm larvae(Tenebrio molitor)
Nutrient requirement & Consequences & Production efficiency (Cost)
9
1 4
7
8
Number = Number of research articles (Green=Livestock: left, Blue=Fish: Right)
1 6 18
11 23
Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Vitamins & Minerals
Animal nutrition
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Quality Stability Palatability Hygiene
Insects
Lack EAA & EFA
Depend on species
? ?
Salmonellacontamination
Nutrient requirement
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition
ToxinBioaccumulation
Black soldierfly
Larva
Mealworm
Larva
Common housefly
Larva
Pupa
Silk worm
Pupa
42,1 7,0 26,0 20,6
48,1 5,1 40,0 3,1
50,4 13,8 18,9 10,1
70,8 15,7 15,5 7,7
60,7 3,9 25,7 5,8
51.8 6.7 2 9.47.1
Soybean Meal
Fishmeal
70.6 9.9 18.4
House crickets63.3 18.3 17.3 5.6
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3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Chemical component: Proximate analysis)
8
Silkworm (Pupa)
60,7 3,9 25,7 5,8Non-defatted
Defatted 75.6 6.6 4.7 6.8
51.8 6.7 2 9.47.1
Soybean Meal
Fishmeal
70.6 9.9 18.4
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Chemical component: Proximate analysis)
Soybean meal
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Silkworm pupae
Mealworm
House cricket
Field cricket
Housefly larvae
Housefly pupae
Black soldier fly larvae
Fish meal
Broiler(Requirement)
SWPH crick
BSF
SWPMW
H crickBSF
SWPF crickH crickHF, BSF
SWP SWP MW
HF, BSF
SWPMW
H crickBSF
SWPHF
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Amino acid profile )
Livestock
SWP=Silk worm pupae, H crick = House cricket, BSF = Black soldier fly larvae, MW = Mealworm larvae, HF = Housefly larvae
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Fish(Requirement)
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Amino acid profile )
Fish
SWPHFBSF
SWPSWPMWHFBSF
SWP=Silk worm pupae, H crick = House cricket, BSF = Black soldier fly larvae, MW = Mealworm larvae, HF = Housefly larvae
Linoleic acid (C18:2, omega6) Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, omega3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Tenebriomolitor
Bombyx mori Achetadoméstica
Achetadoméstica
Soybean Fishmeal
Silkworm larvaeMealworm House crikets
meal
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Fatty acid profile )
Adeniji, 2007 Hwangbo, 2009Pieterse, 2014
Wang, 2005Bovera, 2016
Biasato, 2016
Elwert, 2010
Bla
ck s
old
ier
fly
Mealwormlarvae
Housefly larvae
Field cricket
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Performance (Insect VS Soybean meal): Broilers
Elwert, 2010
Khatun, 2003 Mentang, 2013Ijaya and Eko, 2009 Oyegoke, 2013
Awoniyi, 2003
Pieterse, 2014
Bla
ck s
old
ier
fly
Silkworm pupae
Silkworm caterpillar
Westwood
Housefly larvae
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Performance (Insect VS Fishmeal): Broilers
Housefly larvae(Musca domestica)
Adenijii (2007)
Crude Protein Crude Fiber
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3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Digestibility: Broilers
a
b bb b
Silkworm caterpillar(Anaphe infracta)
Ijaiya & Eko (2009)
Crude Protein Crude Fiber
Mealworm larvaeSoybeanmeal
Super mealworm larvae(Zophobas morio)
IgY
IgM
IgA
Final weight Mortality rate
a
bb
b
c
a aab b
b
aba
Islam and Yang, 2016
1-day chick
Orally
Salmonella spp.
Collected data
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3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Health
Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Vitamins & Minerals
Animal nutrition
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Quality Stability CostPalatability Hygiene
Insects
Lack EAA & EFA
Depend on species
? ?
Salmonellacontamination
Meat quality(Lipid)
Productiveperformance
ConsequencesNutrient requirement
Should bebetter than
Soybean meal
?Can replace
Fishmeal
Depend on species
Depend on production
unit
3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?
ToxinBioaccumulation
Animal feed and Veterinary products control (DLD)
( กองควบคุมอาหารและยาสัตว์ กรมปศุสัตว์ )
– Use as raw material or in complete diet
– Data need > Declare to Government > Meeting > Approve by Government• Farming and processing
• Laboratory analysis: Proximate analysis & Amino acid & Fatty acid profiles
• Experimental test (in vitro & in vivo)
4. Regulation to use insects as raw material or diets
http://afvc.dld.go.th/
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5. Conclusion
- Insects have potential to be feed
- Some challenge and questions
- Regulation (Thailand and other countries)
- Productive efficiency (Cost)
- Digestibility, Meat quality and Other consequences after usage
- Consumer perception
- Others
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Production and Health
(MAPS), Padova University, Italy
Acknowledgements
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science
(DISAFA), Torino University, Italy
Thank you for your attention
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