DENTAL MATERIALS - High Tech

8/4/2019 DENTAL MATERIALS - High Tech

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dental-materials-high-tech 1/84

DENTAL MATERIALSHigh Tech Advancesand New Materials

Stephen C. Bayne Department of Operative DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC 27599-7450

http: // www.dent.unc.edu / portfolios / bayne / dental-materials /



A. Staying UP-TO-DATEB. Dental Materials TECHNOLOGIES

> Advanced composites> Dentin bonding systems> Light-curing technologies> Sonic and ultrasonic cleaning devices> Lasers for cutting tooth structure> Advanced CAD/CAM> Procera crowns> Air-abrasion equipment

> Amalgam / Hg recovery equipment> Computerized color analysis> Electronic caries detectors

C. Office TECHNOLOGIES> Wearable computers> Wireless office networds

OVERVIEW



http://www.net32.com/

Pat Cassidy, D.D.S.Durham, NC





COMPOSITE REFINEMENTS

1950 19701960 2010200019901980

OriginalDevelopment

SELF-CURED

UV-CURED

VLC-CURED

MACROFILLSelf-Cured

Composites

MIDIFILLComposites

MICROFILLComposites

MIDIFILLComposites

Midi-HYBRIDComposites

UnbondedComposites

Acid-Etching andEnamel Bonding

Dentin-BondedComposites3c, 2c, 1c

Dentin Bonding System

[QTH, PAC, Laser, LED]

Mini-HYBRIDComposites

FLOWABLES

PACKABLES

CONTROLLEDSHRINKAGE

NANO-COMPOSITE



1990 2000 2010

The nextgeneration.

Dental amalgam Dental composite

Glass Ionomer, A.R.T.Bonding systems Dental cements

Ceramic restorations CAD/CAM technology Esthetic procedures

Computers

- - - - - - -, (A.R.T.) Mini- (Micro-) Hybrid, NanoFlowable Hybrid,

Packable Hybrid,CS Composites- - - , RMGI Cements, A.R.T.(Bonding systems) RMGI, Composite cements

ALL-CERAMIC restorations CAD/CAM technology ESTHETIC Procedures

COMPUTERS



CURRENT COMPOSITES

HYBRIDS (or MIDI-HYBRIDS):Filtek Z250 and Z100 (3M)Prisma APH and TPH (Dentsply)TPH Spectrum (Dentsply)Herculite XRV and Prodigy (Kerr)Ecusit Composite (DMG Hamburg)

Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar/Vivadent)Renew (BISCO)BisFil II and 2B (BISCO)Synergy (Coltene-Whaledent)Marathon (Denmat)Clearfil AP-X (Morita)

MINI-HYBRIDS (MICRO-HYBRIDS):Esthet-X (Dentsply)Point 4 (Kerr)Venus (Hereaus-Kulzer)Vitalescence (Ultradent)

FLOWABLES: (later)

PACKABLES: (later)

MICROFILLS:Superlux (DMG Hamburg)

Heliomolar (Ivoclar/Vivadent)MicroNew (BISCO)Perfection (Denmat)Filtek A110 = Silux Plus (3M)Amelogen (Ultradent)Virtuoso Sculptable (Denmat)

NANO-HYBRIDS:Supreme (3M-ESPE)Simile (Pentron)



COMPOSITE WEAR

5 Wear Types:

CFA = food bolus wearOCA = impact wear

FCA = sliding wearPCA = sliding wearTBA = abrasive wear

CFA WearOCA Wear

FCA Wear

PCAWear

TBA Wear



Wilder AD, May KN, Bayne SC, Taylor DF, Leinfelder KF.17-year clinical evaluation of UV-cured composite resinsin posterior teeth. J Dent Res 1996; 75: 173, Abstr 2100.

100

200

300

1 2 5 10 20

TIME (years)

W E A R ( C F A , m

)R2 = 0.99

ENAMEL



“MACRO” FILLER

“MIDI” FILLER

“MINI” FILLER

“MICRO” FILLER

40 m 4 m 0.4 m 0.04 m

FOOD BOLUSAbrasive

HYBRID(MIDIFILL)

HYBRID(MINIFILL)



Rough Finished Fine Finished

AFM OF SURFACES



FILLER PRODUCTION

BULK FILLER PRODUCTION:Melting or vitrification.Cooled to solid.Ground and sifted.Reground and sifted.

Key particle size is collected. MACRO, MIDI, MINI

GAS PHASE PRECIPITATION:Pyrolysis of reactants.

Gas phase formation.Precipitation.Cooling. MICRO

SOL-GEL FORMATION:

Solution reaction.Formation of tiny ceramic domains.Domains may be single or clustered.Gel dried and powdered. MICRO, NEAR-NANO, NANO



DECEPTIVE NAMESNanocomposites = constituents mixed at a nano-length scale.

100 10-1 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-1010-2

1 m 1 cm 1 m1 mm 1 nm1 dm

0.011 m 0.110100 0.001

Mega-Fill

Macro-Fill

Midi-Fill

Mini-Fill

Micro-Fill

Nano-Fill

1 Å

AtomicDimensionsBacteria

METERS

Dentinal TubuleWidth

Nanocomposites?Dental nanofillers?



HYBRID NANOMER NANOCLUSTER

NANOCOMPOSITES

3M ESPE Filtek Supreme, Technical Product Profile, October 2002



FILTEK SUPREME (3M-ESPE)

78.5 w/o filler loadingNano-cluster size is 0.6-to-1.4 mCalled a micro- or nano-hybrid?



SIMILE (Pentron)

Relatively high filler loadingSilicate cage size is 5-20 nmCalled a micro- or nano-hybrid?



The “WAR” of the POWERED TOOTHBRUSHES

Colgate

Actibrush

WaterPik

Sensonic

CybersonicOral-B

3D Excel

Sonicare

Crest Spin Brushfor Kids

Oralgenie

PTB’s are everywhere!

http://www.healthcare21.com/PPF/pf_id/OG200/dept_id/44/parent_id/39/Product.asp

http://store3.yimg.com/I/dentalstore_1689_119496

http://store5.yimg.com/I/dentmart_1681_1564386

http://store5.yimg.com/I/dentmart_1681_1448844



SEM surface of biopsied 10-yearold posterior composite.

BIOFILM EFFECTS



Dr. Bill Costerton, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman

BIOFILM EFFECTS

pH, pO2



FLOWABLE COMPOSITESDefinition: lower viscosity dental composite, generallywith lowered filler content.

First Generation Flowable:

AeliteFlo (BISCO) High 43% by volumeCrystalessence (Confi-Dental) Low 41% by volume

FloRestore (Den-Mat) Medium 48% by volumeFlow-It (Jeneric/Pentron) Low 53% by volumeRevolution (Kerr) Medium 41% by volumeStar Flow (Danville Eng.) Low 41% by volumeTrue Look (Denpac / 5 Star) Medium 53% by volumeUltraseal XT+ (Ultradent) Very Low 37% by volumeVersaflo (Centrix) High 43% by volume

Second Generation Flowables:

Filtek Flow (3M)Wave (SDI)Tetric Flow (Ivoclar/Vivadent)Heliomolar Flow (Ivoclar/Vivadent)Point-4 Flowable (Kerr)AeliteFlo LV (BISCO)Esthet-X Flo (Dentsply)Luxa-Flow (DMG)

PermaFlo (Ultradent)Meta-Flo (Sun Medical)Aria (Danville Engineering)Star Flow (Danville Engineering)Flow-It-ALC (Pentron)Revolution Formula 2 (Kerr)Virtuoso Flow (Denmat)UltraSeal XT+ (Ultradent)

UniFil Flow (GC America)



Bayne SC, Thompson JY, Swift EJ Jr, Stamatiades P, Wilderson M. A characterization of first-generation flowable composites. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:567-577.

FLOW BUTTONS(area calculated in mm2)

Enamel

DentinFlowableComposite

Composite

Second Generation Flowables



Flowable(Company)

Flow (mm 2 )

, PBNT

, OSP

, PLP

, Glass

, Mylar

StarFlow (Danville) 208 16 a 31 5 22 3 40 7 44 3 55 5

Wave (SDI) 206 20 ac 22 4 17 6 31 3 37 1 31 3

FlowLine (Kulzer) 197 31 ac 24 2 19 1 39 4 43 3 48 4

Heliomolar Flow (Ivoclar) 191 13 ac 26 2 19 1 44 1 45 4 46 2

UniFil Flow (GC) 173 21 ac 24 1 15 2 33 3 47 4 47 3

Revolution F2 (Kerr) 159 17 ac 23 1 34 3 61 5 66 7 62 8

LuxaFlow (DMG) 156 6 ac 39 4 37 5 55 3 52 2 62 4

Tetric Flow (Ivoclar) 156 13 ac 38 1 23 4 45 3 56 3 62 3

Flow-It ALC (Pentron) 152 10 bc 38 1 35 5 52 4 50 4 60 4

MetaFil Flo (Sun Dental) 148 27 b 41 5 47 7 72 4 63 4 62 8

Filtek Flow (3M-ESPE) 144 10 b 54 3 53 10 73 3 83 5 85 5

Point 4 Flowable (Kerr) 140 2 b 51 2 35 3 58 4 53 0 67 4

FLOW versus WETTING = 25

= 45



PACKABLE RESTORATIVES

available in November 2002• SOLITAIRE and SOLITAIRE 2 (Hereaus-Kulzer) • A.L.E.R.T. CONDENSABLE (Jeneric-Pentron) • SUREFIL (LD Caulk )• GLACIER (Southern Dental Industries) • PYRAMID (BISCO) • PRODIGY CONDENSABLE (Kerr) • FILTEK P60 (3M) • SYNERGY COMPACT (Coltene / Whaledent)

• HELIOMOLAR HB (Ivoclar-Vivadent) • HI-DENSE CONDENSABLE GI (Shofu) • FUJI IX PACKABLE (GC-America)



L.D. CAULK SUREFILPACKABLE COMPOSITE

SureFil Clinical Wear (Leinfelder Indirect) = 18 ± 32 m at 2 yrs

Clinical Performance Categories (% alfa): BL 6m 1y 2y Color stability = 100 98 96 87

Resistance to marginal discoloration = 100 100 95 100Resistance to secondary caries = 100 100 98 100Resistance to occlusal wear = 100 100 98 94Marginal adaptation = 100 97 95 96Surface texture = 100 100 98 94Maintenance of proximal contact = 97 97 96 98

Functional occlusion = 93 98 95 100Axial contour = 100 100 100 100Resistance to postoperative sensitivity = 100 98 100 100Restoration retention = 100 100 100 100Resistance to restoration fracture = 100 98 93 96TOTAL FAILURES (%) = 0% 3% 3% 4%

Wear (ADA Proposed Type B Unrestricted) 50 m at 18 months



0 25 50 75 1000

2

3

4

5

CONVERSION (%)

S H R I N K A G

E ( % )

1

65%Conversion

15-25% =Gellation

50% Filler25% Bis-GMA25% TEGDMA

POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE

Flow

Bond Stretching

(External Contraction)

Porosity Formation(Internal Contraction)



NEW COMPOSITE GENERATION= Low-Shrinkage or Controlled-Shrinkage Composites

C C

O

Oxiranes

C

CC

O

Oxetanes

SHRINKING Monomers:

EXPANDING Monomers:

CH 2 CHCH 2 O

C=C

H

H CH 3

COO OCH 2 CHCH 2 C

CH 3

CH 3

OOC

C=C

H

H H 3 C

OH OH

BIS-GMA

Spiro-ortho-carbonates

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O



DOXADENTCondensable Direct Ceramic

http:// www.doxa.se/ eng/

Carved

Finished

http://www.doxa.se/

http://www.doxa.se/



DOXADENTMechanical Properties

0

100

200

300

400

500

Doxa Z250 Tytin

C O M P R E S

S I V E S T R E N G T H ( M P a )

1h

24h

1w

4w

CompositeAmalgam

Experimental



BONDED COMPOSITEChallenges

50

1000

4000

3000

2000

B O N D E D C O

M P O S I T E ( 1 m m

= 1 0 0 0 m )

[DENTIN]

1

Bacteria

[Bonding System]

[COMPOSITE]

[COMPOSITE]



Re-Designing Bonding Systems

ETCHANTPRIMER

BONDING AGENT

US Companies

1 =

2 =

Japanese Companies

= 1

= 2

???

E + nP + B or nEP + BE + nPB EPB Self-Etching Primer

Self-Etching Adh



NEWER BONDING AGENTS1-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (EPB) • AQBond (Sun Medical)

or Touch-and-Bond (Parkell)• Adper Prompt or LP3 (3M-ESPE)• Solist (One-bottle-bond) (DMG Hamburg)• iBond (Hereaus-Kulzer)• Xeno III (Dentsply)

2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (EP + B) • Clearfil SE Bond & LinerBond 2v (Kuraray)• Tyrian SPE (Bisco)• Optibond Solo SE Plus (Kerr) • Fluoro Bond (Shofu)• UniFil Bond (GC)• Mac Bond II (Tokuyama)• NanoBond (Pentron)

2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (E + PB) • Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply)• Single-Bond (3M)• Optibond Solo and Solo Plus (Kerr)• One-Step (BISCO)• Excite (Ivoclar/Vivadent)•

OSB Bonding System (ESPE)

• Syntac Single Component (Ivoclar)• Ecusit Primer/Mono (DMG Hamburg)• One Coat Bond (Coltene / Whaledent)• Bond-1 (Jeneric / Pentron)• Tenure Quik with Fluoride (Denmat)• Solid Bond (Hereaus-Kulzer)• Imperva Bond (Shofu)• EG Bond (Sun Chemical)• PQ1 (Ultradent)• Easy Bond (Parkell)• Paama 2 and Stae (SDI)

3-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (E + P + B) • Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3M)• Permaquick (Ultradent)• Bond-It (Jeneric / Pentron)• All-Bond 2 (BISCO)• Tenure A/B/S (Denmat)• ProBond (Dentsply)



HOWMUCH

SOLVENT?

Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus3M Dental Products Division(Ethanol and water solvent system)

3-STEP

Prime&BondDentsply International (Acetone solvent system)

2-STEP

Single Bond3M Dental Products Division (Ethanol and water solvent system)

2-STEP

1-STEP

Prompt L-Pop3M ESPE Dental Products(Ethanol and water solvent system)



Etching

3-Component Systems (E+P+B)

Priming Agent

Bonding Agent

HYBRID LAYER



Etching

Priming Agent

Bonding Agent

2-Component Systems (E+PB)

HYBRID LAYER



2-Component Systems (EP+B)Self-Etching Primer

Infiltrated Smear Layer =Special Hybrid Layer

Infiltrated Dentin =Normal HYBRID LAYER

Bonding System

HYBRID LAYER



1-Component Systems (EPB)Self-Etching Adhesive

Infiltrated Smear Layer =Special Hybrid Layer

Infiltrated Dentin =Normal HYBRID LAYER

Bonding System

HYBRID LAYER



CURING LIGHT TYPES

• Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) Lights > Continuous output -- normal intensity> Continuous output -- high intensity> Staged output (stepped, ramped, …)

• Plasma Arc Curing (PAC) Lights

• Argon-Laser Curing (Laser) Lights

• Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lights

QTH PAC Laser LED



Curing EquipmentFactors

ProceduralFactors

RestorationFactors

FACTORS AFFECTING CURE•

Bulb frosting or degradation• Light reflector degradation• Optical filter degradation• Fiber-optic bundle breakage• Light-guide fracture• Tip contamination by resin buildup• Line voltage inconsistencies• Sterilization problems•

Infection control barriers

• Light tip direction• Access to restoration• DISTANCE from surface• Size of tip• Tip movement• TIME of exposure

• Restoration thickness• Cavity design• Filler - amount and size• Restoration shade• Monomer ratios



WAVELENGTH (nm)

UV Visible IRCQ

I N T

E N S I T Y

UVband-passfilter

IRband-passfilter

INTRAPULPAL HEAT,GINGIVAL IRRITATION



180-800mW/cm2

WAVELENGTH (nm)

Visible CQ

I N T E N S I T

Y

LED LIGHTSLight Emitting Diodes

Advantages:

Matched to CQ peak.Reduced “I” needed.Easy to clean.Totally quiet; No fan.Small; Handy.No wires.



Elipar FREELIGHT 1

Batteries

LEDs



LED LIGHTS in the WORLD



LED CURING LIGHTS

VLC LED Name: Company: Price: LEDs:

Elipar FreeLight 3M ESPE $ 999 19NRG Dentsply/Caulk $ 949 7Ultra Lume LED 1 Ultradent $ 899 ($699)Ultra Lume LED 2 Ultradent $1299 ($999)

CoolBlue Dental Systems $1195Nova Curing Techologies $1495 7GC e-Light GC America $1495

Allegro Denmat - - - - - 1Elipar FreeLight 2 3M ESPE $1495 1LEDemetron Kerr - - - - - 1Ultra-Lume LED 5 Ultradent - - - - - 5

OUTPUT LED power,LED #,Light Collection,

Focusing

Hydrophobic POLYMER



GIC

COMPOSITE

RM-GIC

GIC andVLC Hydrophilicmonomer and polymer

CEMENTS

MM-GICGIC andMetallic fillersCermet fillers

CORES

COMPOMER

VLC Composite and F source

FILLING MATERIALS

RR-GICGIC andResin-Fillers

A.R.T. andTEMPORARIES

GIOMER

VLC Composite and Pre-reacted GIC powder

FILLING MATERIALS

HYDROGEL

Hydrophobic POLYMER



A.R.T. TECHNIQUE(Atraumatic Restorative Technique)

Fuji IX

Now being used as permanent restoration in pedodontics.

Developed as temporary restorations for 3rd world countries.First tested in African countries.Now used widely in Asian countries.

Current technique = P/L or precapsulated mixture.Original technique = scoop, finger mix, finger insertion.



OVERVIEW

AMALGAMDIS-USE

HgCONTROVERSY

IN-OFFICE

ISSUES

ENVIRONMENTALISSUES

F, Sealants, High-Cu Amalgam, Composites, Replacement Criteria

n=150 per100 patientsIn United States

n= 95 n=55

HalHuggins

60 MinutesProgram

StonePhillips

Anti-Amalgamists

1980 201020001990?

Precapsulated Dental Amalgams

ADA Hg HygieneStatement ChairsideFilters Separators

Air, Water, Land, Food

US-EPA OSHA FDA NAS



1. Dental Amalgam(a) Spent Amalgam Capsules(b) “Non-Contact” Amalgam (left-over from mixing procedures)(c) Chair-side Traps (“contact-amalgam” trapped by coarse filter)(d) Vacuum Pump Filter (“contact-amalgam” trapped by medium filter)(e) Separator or Recapture Device (added before vacuum with fine filter)(f) Plumbing and Sink Traps

(g) Hg Spill Kits2. X-ray Wastes

(a) Fixer (Ag recovery or recycling processes)(b) Developer (controlled discharge into sanitary sewer)(c) Cleaners (Cr-containing cleaners must be recycled)(d) Lead foil (must be recycled)

(e) Lead Shields (e.g., aprons) (must be recycled)3. Chemical Sterilant Wastes

(a) Chemiclave/Chemical-Sterilant (dilute 4:1 with water before draining)

4. Waste Waters

5. Fluorescent Lamps and Batteries (recycle only)

Best Management Practices[ Use alternatives / Keep products separate / Recycle everything ]



Hg-Spill

AmalgamStorage

HG HYGIENE PLUMBING

AmalgamMixing Sink Trapsand Plumbing

Suction Mini-Trap

Chairside Filter

SeparatorVacuum PumpFilter or Trap

Vacuum Pump



THANK YOU



Lansing Evans, project manager forNomad, Microvision's first commercialretinal scanning display product, modelsa prototype. The laser device projectsinformation onto the retina.

http:// www.vrealities.com/ poma.html

Pen-enabled wearable computers.(Ring-enabled; Eye-enabled)

Wearable Computers

http://www.vrealities.com/

http://www.vrealities.com/



FUTURE NETWORKING

Dental Office

Reception

Waiting RoomOfficeLab andWork Room

Operatory 1 Operatory 2 Operatory 3

INTERNET

DentalOffice

Computers



FUTURE NETWORKING

Dental Office

Reception

Waiting RoomOfficeLab andWork Room

Operatory 1 Operatory 2 Operatory 3

INTERNETDatabase

NetworkedDental

Databases


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dental-materials-high-tech 53/84THANK YOU



N G l f



New Goals forVISIBLE LIGHT-CURING

• Fast• Stress-free• Consistency

= f { [CQ], I LIGHT, … } = f { slowed reaction rate }= f { curing domains, depth }

Restorative Dental Practice:

Procedures/Day x = 5Curing Cycles / Angle x = 2Angles Per Procedure x = 3

VLC Seconds / Cycle x = 20 secDays / Year x = 250 days

TIME / Year = 150,000 sec= 42 hrs / year



1 2

C=CH CH3

H COO-CH2-CH-CH2-O-

CH3

C

CH3

C=CHH3C

H-O-CH2-CH-CH2-OOC

OH OH

PBIS-GMA

Di-Glycidyl methacrylate adduct of bisphenol-A = BIS-GMA

1st end of BIS-GMA = 100%2nd end of BIS-GMA = 30%

Degree of Conversion = 65%



Curing Light

2. SHAPE-OF-CURE

0 mm

1

2

34

3. DEPTH-OF-CURE

Z100

1. DEGREE-OF-CONVERSION

65%

25%

45%



VLC CURING ANIMATION

t1 t10 t20

65% 65% 65%

20% 35% 45%

3% 20% 25%

Degree of Conversion

100%

65%

COMPOSITE

VLC SOURCE



Curing EquipmentFactors

ProceduralFactors

Restoration

Factors

FACTORS AFFECTING CURE

• Bulb frosting or degradation• Light reflector degradation• Optical filter degradation• Fiber-optic bundle breakage• Light-guide fracture• Tip contamination by resin buildup• Line voltage inconsistences• Sterilization problems• Infection control barriers

• Light tip direction• Access to restoration• DISTANCE from surface• Size of tip• Tip movement• TIME of exposure

• Restoration thickness• Cavity design• Filler - amount and size• Restoration shade• Monomer ratios

I = “usable VISIBLE LIGHT” = f (curing equipment factors), = f (technique factors), and = f (restoration factors).

Polymerization Reaction = f (I1/2)



CURING LIGHT TYPES

• Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) Lights > Continuous output -- normal intensity> Continuous output -- high intensity> Staged output (stepped, ramped, …)

• Plasma Arc Curing (PAC) Lights• Argon-Laser Curing (Laser) Lights

• Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lights

QTH PAC Laser LED



CURING LIGHT OPERATION

• Power Supply• Cycle Time (Circuit Board)• Bulb / Reflector• Filter • Fan• Fiber-Optic Train



WAVELENGTH (nm)

UV Visible IRCQ

I N T

E N S I T Y

UVband-passfilter

IRband-passfilter

INTRAPULPAL HEAT,GINGIVAL IRRITATION



PAC LIGHTS



WAVELENGTH (nm)

Visible CQ

I N T E N S I T

Y

PAC LIGHTS

? ?

LASER LIGHTS



WAVELENGTH (nm)

Visible CQ

I N T E N S I T

Y

LASER LIGHTS

LASER

LED LIGHTS



180-350mW/cm2

WAVELENGTH (nm)

Visible CQ

I N T E N S I T

Y

LED LIGHTSLight Emitting Diodes

DMD SystemsAPOLLO e.light

Advantages:

Matched to CQ peak.Reduced “I” needed.Easy to clean.Totally quiet; No fan.Small; Handy.No wires.

Eli FREELIGHT



Elipar FREELIGHTBatteries

LEDs

LED LIGHTS i th WORLD



LED LIGHTS in the WORLD

LED CURING LIGHTS



LED CURING LIGHTS

VLC LED Name: Company: Price: LEDs:

Elipar Freelight 3M ESPE $ 999 19NRG Dentsply/Caulk $ 949 7Ultra Lume 1 LED Ultradent $ 899 ($699)

Ultra Lume 2 LED Ultradent $1299 ($999)CoolBlue Dental Systems $1195Nova Curing Techologies $1495 7GC e-Light GC America $1495

OUTPUT LED power,LED #,Light Collection,Focusing



Pilo R, Oelgiesser D, Cardash HS. A survey of output intensity and potential for depth of cure amonglight-curing units in clinical use. J Dent 1999;27:235-241.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

N u m b e r o f

C u r i n g U n i t s

LIGHT INTENSITY (mW/cm2)

<100

100-200

200-300

300-400

400-500

>500

SURVEY OF VLC UNIT OUTPUTS



Check Fiber Optic Tips

Check Bulband Reflector

Clean Reflector

LATEST GENERATION OF QTH LIGHTS



LATEST GENERATION OF QTH LIGHTS

• Quantitative and automatic radiometers.• Better filters and narrow range filtering.• Output sampling and control.•

Selective programming of output.• Bulb life monitoring and checking.

Curing Factors = Equipment + Manipulation + Material



05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

%

T r a n s m i s s i o n

Z100 XRV Pt-4 EsthX fE sE fD sD

MATERIALS

VL Transmission in E and D

PACKABLE COMPOSITE



PACKABLE COMPOSITEMechanical Properties

Ruddell DE, Thompson JY, Stamatiades PJ, Ward JC, Bayne SC, Shellard ER. Mechanical properties and wearbehavior of condensable composites. J Dent Res 1999; 78 (Spec Issue):156, Abstr 407.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

S T R E N G T H

( M P a )

CS DTS FS DPH

MECHANICAL PROPERTY

Solitaire

ALERT

SureFil

Prodigy C

Herculite

WEAR RESISTANCE



WEAR RESISTANCEfor Packable Composites

0

5

10

15

20

M I C R O N S /

Y R

Leinfelder Wear Machine

Solitaire

ALERT

SureFil

Prodigy C

Herculite

GOOD

BAD

WEAR LEVELS for New Materials



WEAR LEVELS for New Materials

100

200

300

1 2 3 5 10

TIME (years)

W E A R ( C

F A , m

) UV-CuredComposites

VLC-CuredComposites

50 m / 18 MonthsADA Type B = Unrestricted Use

75 m / SimulatorADA Type A = Restricted Use



1 2

C=CH CH3

H COO-CH2-CH-CH2-O-

CH3

C

CH3

C=CHH3C

H-O-CH2-CH-CH2-OOC

OH OH

PBIS-GMA

Di-Glycidyl methacrylate adduct of bisphenol-A = BIS-GMA

1st end of BIS-GMA = 100%2nd end of BIS-GMA = 30%

Degree of Conversion = 65%



Curing Light

2. SHAPE-OF-CURE

0 mm

1

2

3

4

3. DEPTH-OF-CURE

Z100

1. DEGREE-OF-CONVERSION

65%

25%

45%



GLASS IONOMERS



GIC CERMETS(Metal-

Modified)

RMGI(RM-GIC)

COMPOMERSGIOMERS

COMPOSITEOriginal

Development

MACROFILLSelf-Cured

Composites

MIDIFILLComposites

MICROFILLComposites

MIDIFILLComposites

Midi-HYBRIDComposites Mini-HYBRIDComposites

FLOWABLES

PACKABLES

CONTROLLEDSHRINKAGE

1950 19701960 2010200019901980

SELF-CURED

VLC-CURED

SELF-CURED

UV-CURED

VLC-CURED

COMPOSITES



DENTAL AMALGAMEnvironmental Issues

3M ESPE “F li ht” LED C i U it



3M-ESPE “Freelight” LED Curing Unit

BASE UNIT: > Recharging Cradle> Pen-shaped portable unit

CURING OPERATION: > 40,30,20,10s curing cycle options> Exponentially increasing or

standard duty cycle options.

On/Off

40-30-20-10sExp / Std

HELD IN A PEN GRASPFOR USE.

Two ringedarrays of8 LEDs.

Two batteries.



GLASS IONOMERS

in Restorative Dentistry

The many faces of glass ionomers

MANUFACTURERS’ WEBSITES



MANUFACTURERS’ WEBSITES BISCO http://www.bisco.com/Caulk http://www.caulk.com/Denmat http://www.dentalmaterial.com/Dentsply http://www.dentsply.com/DMG Hamburg http://www.dentalmaterial.com/3M http://products.3m.com/...ESPE http://www.espe.de/english/GC-America http://www.gcamerica.com/Ivoclar http://www.ivoclar.com/Jeneric-Pentron http://www.jeneric.com/Kuraray http://www.kuraray.co.jp/dental/Kerr Dental http://www.kerrdental.com/Kulzer http://www.kulzer.com/Morita http://www.jmorita.com/

SDI http://www.sdi.com.au/Shofu http://www.shofu.com/Sun Medical http://www.sunmedical.co.jp/Ultradent http://www.ultradent.com/

Documents

DENTAL MATERIALS - High Tech