Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Demographics of IndiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
Demographics of India
Population of India, 1961-2003
Population: 1,180,166,000 (2010 est)
Growth rate: 1.548% (2009 est)
Birth rate: 22.22 births/1,000 population (2009 est)
Death rate: 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est)
Life expectancy: 69.89 years (2009 est)
–male: 67.46 years (2009 est)
–female: 72.61 years (2009 est)
Fertility rate: 2.72 children born/woman (NFHS-3, 2008)
Infant mortality rate:
{{{infant_mortality}}}
Age structure:
0-14 years: 31.1% (male 190,075,426/female 172,799,553) (2009 est)
15-64 years: 63.6% (male 381,446,079/female
359,802,209) (2009 est)
65-over: 5.3% (male 29,364,920/female 32,591,030) (2009 est)
Sex ratio:
At birth: 1.12 male(s)/female (2009)
Under 15: 1.10 male(s)/female (2009)
15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female (2009)
65-over: 0.90 male(s)/female (2009)
Nationality:
Major ethnic: See Ethnic Groups of India
Language:
Official: See Languages of India
The demographics of India are remarkably diverse. India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.18 billion people (estimate for April, 2010), more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.31% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing China, its population exceeding 1.6 billion people by 2050.[1][2] However, India has an astonishing demographic dividend where more than 50% of its population is below the age of 25 and more than 65% hovers below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.[3] India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman languages) as well as a language isolate (the Nihali language [4] spoken in parts of Maharashtra).
Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India.[5]
Contents
[hide] 1 Salient features
o 1.1 Religious demographics
o 1.2 Linguistic demographics
2 CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
3 2020 Estimate
4 Ethnic groups
5 Genetics
o 5.1 Y-chromosome DNA
o 5.2 Mitochondrial DNA
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit] Salient features
India occupies 2.4% of the world's land area and supports over 17.5% of the world's population. India has more arable land area than any country except the United States,[6] and more water area than any country except Canada and the United States. Indian life revolves mostly around agriculture and allied activities in small villages, where the overwhelming majority of Indians live. As per the 2001 census, 72.2% of the population[7] lives in about 638,000 villages[8] and the remaining 27.8%[9] lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.[10]
[edit] Religious demographics
Main article: Religion in India
Table 1: 2001 Religious Data Composotion[11]
Religious Composition Population (%)
Hindus 827,578,868 80.5%
Muslims 138,188,240 13.4%
Christians 24,080,016 2.3%
Sikhs 19,215,730 1.9%
Buddhists 7,955,207 0.8%
Jains 4,225,053 0.4%
Other religions & persuasions 6,639,626 0.6%
Religion not stated 727,588 0.1%
Total 1,028,610,328 100.0%
N.B. "Total" excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state.
India contains the majority of the world's Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Hindus, Jains and Bahá'í. India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan and largest minority population.
Religious majorities vary greatly by state. Jammu and Kashmir and Lakshadweep are Muslim majority states; Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya are Christian majority; Punjab is mostly Sikh; It is to be noted that while participants in the Indian census may choose to not declare their religion, there is no mechanism for a person to indicate that he/she does not adhere to any religion. Due to this limitation in the Indian census process, the data for persons not affiliated with any religion may not be accurate.
The table below summarizes the findings of the 2001 census with regards to religion in India:
1. All figures in %.2. Others including Bahá'ís, Jews, and Parsis.
3. Tribal Animists (and non religious) are grouped under Others after 1926 (1931 census onwards)
Table 2: Census information for 2001*
CompositionHindus [12] Muslims [13] Christians [14] Sikhs [15] Buddhist [16] Jains [17] Others[18]
% total of population 2001
80.5% 13.4% 2.3% 1.9% 0.8% 0.4% 0.6%
10-Yr Growth % (est '91–'01)[19]*
20.3% 29.5% 22.6% 18.2% 24.5% 26.0% 103.1%
Sex ratio† (avg. 944)
935 940 1009 895 955 940 1000
Literacy rate (71.7% for Age 7 & above)[20]
75.5 60.0 90.3 70.4 73.0 95.0 50.0
Work Participation Rate
40.4 31.3 39.7 37.7 40.6 32.9 48.4
Rural sex ratio[19] 944 953 1001 895 958 937 995
Urban sex ratio[19] 922 907 1026 886 944 941 966
Child sex ratio 925 950 964 786 942 870 976
(0–6 yrs)
N.B. Table excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state.
* The data is "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir.
† No. of females/1000 males.
[edit] Linguistic demographics
Main article: List of languages by number of native speakers in India
43% of the Hindus speak Hindi while the rest speak Bangla, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese and other languages. Almost 45% of the Muslims speak Urdu while the rest speak Bangla, Hindi, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Assamese and other languages. About one-third of the Christians speak Malayalam, one-sixth speak Tamil while the rest speak a variety of languages. In total, there are 1,652 languages and dialects spoken in India.[21]
Languages of India by number of native speakers as per the 2001 census [22] Rank Language Speakers Percentage
1 Hindi dialects [23] 422,048,642 41.03%2 Bengali 83,369,769 8.11%3 Telugu 74,002,856 7.19%4 Marathi 71,936,894 6.99%5 Tamil 60,793,814 5.91%6 Urdu 51,536,111 5.01%7 Gujarati 46,091,617 4.48%8 Kannada 37,924,011 3.69%9 Malayalam 33,066,392 3.21%10 Oriya 33,017,446 3.21%11 Punjabi 29,102,477 2.83%12 Assamese 13,168,484 1.28%13 Maithili 12,179,122 1.18%14 Bhili/Bhilodi 9,582,957 0.93%15 Santali 6,469,600 0.63%16 Kashmiri 5,527,698 0.54%17 Nepali 2,871,749 0.28%18 Gondi 2,713,790 0.26%19 Sindhi 2,535,485 0.25%20 Konkani 2,489,015 0.24%21 Dogri 2,282,589 0.22%22 Khandeshi 2,075,258 0.20%
23 Kurukh 1,751,489 0.17%24 Tulu 1,722,768 0.17%25 Meitei (Manipuri) 1,466,705* 0.14%26 Bodo 1,350,478 0.13%27 Khasi 1,128,575 0.112%28 Mundari 1,061,352 0.105%29 Ho 1,042,724 0.103%
N.B. The percentage of speakers of each language for 2001 has been worked out on the total population of India (excluding Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results).
* Excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati District.
[edit] CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Chart showing the Total Fertility Rate of Indian states (SRS survey 1996-98)[24]
Total Population
1,166,079,217 (July 2009 est. CIA)[25] 1,028.7 million (2001 Census final figures, March 1 enumeration and estimated 124,000 in areas of Manipur that could not be covered in the enumeration)
Map showing the population density of each district in IndiaRural Population
72.2%, male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755 (2001 Census)
Age structure
0–14 years: 30.8%, male: 188,208,196, female: 171,356,02415–64 years: 64.3%, male: 386,432,921, female: 364,215,75965+ years: 4.9%, male: 27,258,259, female: 30,031,289 (2007 est.)
Median age
25.1 years
Population growth rate
1.548% (2009 est.)
Birth rate
21.76 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate
6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Map showing the literacy rate of each district in IndiaLiteracy rate
71.7% (Age 7 & above) [26]
Percent of the population under the poverty line
22% (2006 est.)
Unemployment Rate
7.8%
Net migration rate
−0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.098 male(s)/female15–64 years: 1.061 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.908 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.064 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.) male: 34.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.17 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 69.89 yearsmale: 67.46 yearsfemale: 72.61 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.72 children born/woman (2009 est.) The TFR (Total number of children born per women) according to Religion in 2001 was :
Hindus — 2.0 Muslims — 2.4 Sikhs — 2.1 Christians — 2.1 Buddhists — 2.1 Jains — 1.4 Animists and Others — 2.99 Tribals — 3.16 Scheduled Castes — 2.89[citation needed]
Religions
Hindu 80.5% Muslim 13.4% Christian 2.3% Sikh 1.8% Buddhists 0.8% Jains 0.4% others 0.7% unspecified 0.1% (2001 Census) [27][28] [29].[30]
Scheduled Castes and Tribes
Scheduled Castes: 16.2% (2001 Census) Scheduled Tribes: 8.2% (2001 Census)
Languages: See Languages of India and List of Indian languages by total speakers. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million (the second largest being Bangla with some 207 million). 22 languages are recognized as official languages. In India, there are 1,652 languages and dialects in total.[21][31]
[edit] 2020 Estimate
Table 2: Population Projections (in millions)
Year Under 15 15–64 65+ Total2000 361 604 45 10102005 368 673 51 10932010 370 747 58 11752015 372 819 65 12562020 373 882 76 1331
Source: Based on P.N. Mari Bhat, "Indian Demographic Scenario 2025", Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, Discussion Paper No. 27/2001.
[edit] Ethnic groups
[show]v • d • e
Ethnic groups of India
' refer more to the linguistic difference rather than racial differences.
Indians
Indo-Aryans
Mongoloids
Dravidians
Tribals
Marathi
(मरा�ठी� म�णस�)
Gujarati (ગ�જરા�તી� લોકો)
Punjabi(ਪ�ਜਾ�ਬੀ�
)
Kashmiri
ش�ر) (کٲ
Hindi (हिनदी )
Oriya (ଓଡ�ଆ
)
Bengali
(বা�ঙা�লী�)
Assamese
(অসম)
Meghalayans
Mizo
Tripuri
(তরিপ�রা�)
Manipuri
(মতরি�প�তরিরা)
Naga
Lepcha(Róng)
(ར� ང)
Arunachali
(ར� ང་ཁ་)
Tamizh (தமி�ழர)
Telugu(తలు�గు�)
Kannadiga
(ಕನನ�ಡಗ)
Malayali
(മലയാ�ളി�)
H, M, B, J
H, M, J
S, H, M
S, H, M H, M H, C M, H
H, M
C, H, T
C, T
H, T
H, C
C, T
B, H
B, T, H
H, C, M, A
H, M, C
H, M, C
H, C, M, A
The national Census of India does not recognize racial or ethnic groups within India,[32] but recognizes many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (see list of Scheduled Tribes in India).
It should be noted that Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austro-Asiatic are mainly linguistic terms and denote speakers of these linguistic groups.
For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India (as well as neighboring countries) see ethnic groups of the Indian subcontinent or the tree diagram above.
[edit] Genetics[33][34]
[edit] Y-chromosome DNA
Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Indian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as follows where haplogroups R1a, H, R2, L & NOP comprise generally more than 80% of the total chromosomes.[35]
H ~ 30% R1a ~ 20%
R2 ~ 15%
L ~ 10%
NOP ~ 10% (Excluding R)
Other Haplogroups 15%
[edit] Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage. The Indian mitochondrial DNA, which is primarily made up of Haplogroup M [36]
Haplogroup M ~ 60% Haplogroup UK ~ 15%
Haplogroup N ~ 25% (Excluding UK)
[edit] See also
15th Indian national census List of most populous cities in India
List of most populous metropolitan areas in India
List of states and union territories of India by population
Ethnic groups of India
National Commission on Population
Indian diaspora
Geography of India
Racial groups of India
Caste system in India
Demography of Central Asia
[edit] References
1. BBC - India's population 'to be biggest' in the planet2. United States Census Bureau - International Data Base (IDB)
3. India's demographic dividend
4. SIL International. "Ethnologue report for Language Isolate". http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90087. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
5. India, a Country Study United States Library of Congress, Note on Ethnic groups
6. GM Crops Around the World – an accurate picture GM Freeze, Table 3
7. Rural-Urban distribution Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Rural-Urban Distribution. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
8. Number of Villages Census of India: Number of Villages Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
9. Rural-Urban distribution Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Rural-Urban Distribution. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
10. Urban Agglomerations and Towns Census of India: Urban Agglomerations and Towns. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
11. [1]
12. "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Hindus". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
13. "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Muslims". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
14. "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Christians". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
15. "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Sikhs". Census of India 2001: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
16. "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Buddhists". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
17. "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Jains". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
18. "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Other religions". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
19. ^ a b c "Census of India.". Census of India. Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
20. http://mospi.gov.in/press_note_NSS_%20Report_no_532_19may10.pdf
21. ^ a b Mother Tongues of India According to the 1961 Census
22. Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2000, Census of India, 2001
23. includes Western Hindi, Eastern Hindi, Bihari languages, Rajasthani languages and Pahari languages.
24. National Population Policy of India
25. CIA World Factbook -- India
26. http://mospi.gov.in/press_note_NSS_%20Report_no_532_19may10.pdf
27. Religious Composition Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
28. International Religious Freedom Report 2007 — India International Religious Freedom Report 2007. U.S. Department of State.
29. CIA's The World Factbook — India
30. Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs — Background Note: India
31. Rupert Goodwins. Smashing India's language barriers. ZDNet UK.
32. Kumar, Jayant. Census of India. 2001. September 4, 2006. Indian Census
33. http://www.pnas.org/content/103/4/843.full
34. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-5-26.pdf
35. Hammer et al. 2005, S. Sahoo et al. 2006, R. Trivedi et al. 2007, Zhao et al. 2008
36. Semino et al. 2000, Kivisild et al. 2003, Metspalu et al 2004, Rajkumar et al. 2005, Chandrasekar et al. 2007, Gonzalez et al. 2007
[edit] External links
Census of India ; Govt. site with detailed data from 2001 census Census of India map generator ; generates maps based on 2001 census figures
Demographic data for India ; provides sources of demographic data for India
2001 maps ; provides maps of social, economic and demographic data of India in 2001
Population cartogram of India
[show]v • d • e
Life in India
[show]v • d • e
Demographics of Asia
[show]v • d • e
Ethnic groups in Asia
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India"Categories: Demographics of IndiaHidden categories: Articles with unsourced statements from November 2008
Personal tools
New features Log in / create account
Namespaces
Article Discussion
Variants
Views
Read Edit
View history
Actions
Search
Navigation
Main page Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate
Interaction
About Wikipedia Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
বা��লী� Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Cebuano
ސ� ބ� ހ� ވ� ދ�
Diné bizaad
Español
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
עברית
ಕನನ�ಡ
Lietuvių
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Gagana Samoa
Shqip
தமி�ழ
中文
This page was last modified on 17 October 2010 at 15:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Contact us
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
