Demographics of Bangladesh

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Demographics of BangladeshFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation , search

Demographics of BangladeshPopulation:

142,316,000 (July 2011 est.) ,[1] 158,570,535 (July 2011 est. )[2]

Growth rate: 1.566% (2011 est. )[2]

Birth rate:24.68 births/1,000

population (2009 est.)

Death rate:8 deaths/1,000

population (2009 est.)Life expectancy: 60.25 years male: 57.57 years female: 63.03 years (2009 est.)Fertility rate: 2.6 children born/woman (2011 est.)Infant mortalityrate:

59.02 deaths/1,000 live births

Age structure0-14 years: 34.6% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894)15-64 years: 61.4% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674)

65-over:4% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006est.)

Sex ratioAt birth: 1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.)Under 15: 1.01 male(s)/female15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female65-over: 0.94 male(s)/female

NationalityNationality: noun : Bengali(s) adjective : BangladeshiMajor ethnic: Bengali

Minor ethnic:Santhals , Chakma , Garos (Achiks) , Oraons , Mundas , Mro , Kaibarta , Marma , Meitei , Zomi , Bihari (Stranded Pakistani )

Language

Official: Bengali

Spoken:Bengali , English , Santali , Rajbanshi , Chakma , Tripuri , Khasi , Urdu , Mundari

Bangladesh is largely ethnically homogeneous. Indeed, its name derives from the Bengali ethno-linguistic group, which comprises 98% of the population . There are many dialects of Bengalispoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are
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particularly distinctive. In 2009 the population was estimated at 156 million. About 90% of Bangladeshis are Muslims and the remainder are mostly other religions.

Bangladesh has the highest population density in the world, excluding a handful of city-states and small countries with populations under 10m, such as Malta and Hong Kong .

Most of the demographic statistics below are from the CIA World Factbook , unless otherwiseindicated.

Contents 1 Population

o 1.1 Census [3] o 1.2 UN estimates [4] o 1.3 Other sources o 1.4 Population growth rate o 1.5 Gender ratio o 1.6 Urban and rural o 1.7 Population Density

2 Vital statistics o 2.1 Births and deaths [4]

3 Health o 3.1 Life expectancy at birth o 3.2 HIV/AIDS o 3.3 Major infectious diseases

4 Ethnic groups 5 Language 6 Religion 7 Genetics 8 Education 9 See also 10 References

Population
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_World_Factbookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_World_Factbookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_World_Factbookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Census.5B3.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Census.5B3.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Census.5B3.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#UN_estimates.5B4.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#UN_estimates.5B4.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#UN_estimates.5B4.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Other_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Other_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Population_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Population_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Gender_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Gender_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Urban_and_ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Urban_and_ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Population_Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Population_Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Vital_statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Vital_statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Births_and_deaths_.5B4.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Births_and_deaths_.5B4.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Births_and_deaths_.5B4.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Life_expectancy_at_birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Life_expectancy_at_birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#HIV.2FAIDShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#HIV.2FAIDShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Major_infectious_diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Major_infectious_diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Ethnic_groupshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Ethnic_groupshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Geneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Geneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pyramide_Bangladesh.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pyramide_Bangladesh.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pyramide_Bangladesh.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pyramide_Bangladesh.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Geneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Ethnic_groupshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Major_infectious_diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#HIV.2FAIDShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Life_expectancy_at_birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Births_and_deaths_.5B4.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Vital_statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Population_Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Urban_and_ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Gender_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Population_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Other_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#UN_estimates.5B4.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Census.5B3.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_World_Factbookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim


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Age-sex pyramid for Bangladesh, 2005

The mid-2009 estimate for total population was 156,050,883 which ranks Bangladesh 7th in theworld (CIA).

Naturally there is some uncertainty about the population, especially in a developing country suchas Bangladesh with high illiteracy and a large rural population. For instance, in 2005 there wasnot a consensus whether Bangladesh or Russia had a larger population. The UN's ESA rankedRussia 7th in the world and Bangladesh 8th. However, the CIA World Factbook rankedBangladesh 7th and Russia 8th in the same year. The point is now moot as the population of Russia is in decline while that of Bangladesh is growing.

The baseline for population studies on Bangladesh is the official census which is conductedevery 10 years, the last being in 2011.

Census [3]

Demographic evolution of the territory of Bangladesh (1900-2010).Population of Bangladesh

Census date census population(thousands)adjusted population

(thousands)1901 28 9281911 31 5551921 33 2551931 35 602

1941 41 9971951 41 9321961 50 8401974 71 479 76 3981981 87 120 89 9121991 106 313 111 4552001 124 355 130 523
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bangladesh_population_1900to2010.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bangladesh_population_1900to2010.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bangladesh_population_1900to2010.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bangladesh_population_1900to2010.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia


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15 Mar 2011 (p) 142 319

p=provisional figure

UN estimate s[4]

Totalpopulation

Population aged 0 14(%)

Population aged 15 64(%)

Population aged 65+(%)

1950 37 895 41.2 54.8 3.91955 43 444 42.4 54.1 3.51960 50 102 43.6 53.1 3.31965 57 792 44.7 52.0 3.31970 66 881 44.7 51.8 3.41975 70 582 45.8 50.7 3.5

1980 80 624 45.0 51.4 3.61985 92 284 43.9 52.5 3.61990 105 256 42.5 53.8 3.71995 117 487 40.3 55.9 3.82000 129 592 37.3 58.7 4.02005 140 588 34.3 61.4 4.32010 148 692 31.3 64.1 4.6

Other sources

The following table lists various recent estimates of the population.

Source Year Population (millions)US State Dep t 2005 144Population Reference Bureau 2005 144World Bank 2008 160CIA World FactBook 2010 156World Population Reference 2010 164

According to the OECD/World Bank population in Bangladesh increased from 1990 to 2008with 44 million and 38% growth in population compared to 34% growth in India and 54%growth in Pakistan . The annual population growth 2007-2008 was 1.4% compared to India1.35%, Pakistan 2.2%, Dem. Rep. of Congo 2.9%, Tanzania 2.9%, Syria 3.5% or Yemen 4.0%.According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990-2008 the world

population growth was 27% and 1,423 million persons .[10]

Population growth rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-IEApop2011-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-IEApop2011-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-IEApop2011-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-IEApop2011-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4


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Panorama of Dhaka in 2012

Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then however ithas seen a marked reduction in its total fertility rate . Over a period of three decades it droppedfrom almost 7 to 2.4 in 2005-2010 .[4]

Gender ratioAt birth: 1.04 male(s)/femaleUnder 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female15 64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/femaleTotal population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Urban and rural

The sprawling mega-city of Dhaka has a huge population, but the majority of the people

nonetheless still live in villages in rural areas.

Urban population: 27% of total population (2009 est.)Rate of urbanization: 3.5% annual rate of change (2005-2010 est.)

Population Density

Based on the CIA World Fact Book 2012 figures for population (161,083,804) and land area(130,168 km 2), Bangladesh has the highest population density among large countries, 1,237.51

persons per square kilometer, and 12th overall, when small countries and city-states areincluded .[11]

Vital statistics

Births and deaths [4]

Period Live birthsper yearDeaths per

yearNatural change

per year CBR 1 CDR 1 NC 1 TFR 1 IMR 1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_View_of_Dhaka,2012.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_View_of_Dhaka,2012.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_View_of_Dhaka,2012.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_View_of_Dhaka,2012.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-WPP_2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_rate


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1950-1955 1 963 000 852 000 1 111 000 48.3 20.9 27.4 6.36 165.0

1955-1960 2 252 000 921 000 1 332 000 48.2 19.7 28.5 6.62 156.5

1960-1965 2 560 000 994 000 1 566 000 47.5 18.4 29.1 6.80 151.21965-1970 2 950 000 1 090 000 1 860 000 47.3 17.5 29.8 6.91 144.4

1970-1975 3 193 000 1 847 000 1 346 000 46.5 26.9 19.6 6.91 175.6

1975-1980 3 381 000 1 153 000 2 229 000 44.7 15.2 29.5 6.65 138.3

1980-1985 3 670 000 1 151 000 2 519 000 42.4 13.3 29.1 5.99 122.5

1985-1990 3 767 000 1 115 000 2 652 000 38.1 11.3 26.8 5.02 104.41990-1995 3 709 000 1 057 000 2 653 000 33.3 9.5 23.8 4.10 90.6

1995-2000 3 598 000 986 000 2 612 000 29.1 8.0 21.1 3.41 73.8

2000-2005 3 432 000 934 000 2 498 000 25.4 6.9 18.5 2.87 59.3

2005-2010 3 107 000 905 000 2 202 000 21.5 6.3 15.2 2.38 49.0

CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR =total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Health

Life expectancy at birth

Total population: 60.25 yearscountry comparison to the world: 183Male: 57.57 yearsFemale: 63.03 years (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)county comparison to the world: 102People living with HIV/AIDS: 12,000 (2007 est.)country comparison to the world: 85Deaths: fewer than 500 (2007 est.)


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country comparison to the world: 8s

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: high

Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, andtyphoid fever Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locationsWater contact disease: leptospirosisAnimal contact disease: rabies (2005)

Ethnic groups

See also: Ethnic groups in Bangladesh

The vast majority (about 98.5%) of Bangladeshis are of the Bengali ethno-linguistic group. Thisgroup also spans the neighboring Indian province of West Bengal . Minority ethnic groupsinclude Meitei , Khasi, Santhals, Chakma , Garo (tribe) , Biharis, Oraons, Mundas and Rohingyas.

Biharis are Urdu -speaking, non-Bengalis who emigrated from the state of Bihar and other partsof northern India during the 1947 partition . They are concentrated in the Dhaka and Rangpur areas and number some 300,000 .[12][13] In the 1971 independence war many of them sided withPakistan, as they stood to lose their positions in the upper levels of society .[14] Hundreds of thousands went to Pakistan and those that remained were interned in refugee camps . Their

population declined from about 1 million in 1971 to 600,000 in the late 1980s .[14] RefugeesInternational has called them a "neglected and stateless" people as they are denied citizenship bythe governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan .[15] As nearly 40 years has passed, two generationsof Biharis have been born in these camps. Biharis were granted Bangladeshi citizenhip andvoting rights in 2008 .[16]

Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census .[14] These tribes areconcentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and around Mymensingh , Sylhet , and Rajshahi . Theyare of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language andlevel of development. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages and most are Buddhist or Hindu .[14] The four largest tribes are Chakmas , Marmas, Tipperas and Mros. Smaller groups include theSantals in Rajshahi and Dinajpur, and Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhetregions .[14]

There are small communities of Meitei people in the Sylhet district, which is close to the Meiteihomeland across the border in Manipur , India.

There is a small population of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar near the border in thesoutheast. There are 28,000 living in two UN refugee camps in Cox's Bazaar as well as some200,000 "unregistered people of concern" living outside of the camps .[17] The refugee crisisoriginated in the early 1990s when the first wave numbering some 250,000 of the predominantly
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Muslim ethnic group fled persecution from their home in Rakhaine Myanmar's western-moststate. Bangladesh seeks to repatriate the refugees back to Myanmar .[18]

Language

Official language: Bengali (also known as Bangla) Dialects: Chittagonian , Sylheti and Noakhali (all regarded as languages in their own

right) Tribal languages: Khasi-Jainta , Bishnupriya Manipuri , Arakanese , Chakma , Garo , Ho,

Kokborok and Kurukh Other languages: English (spoken and known widely in upper-class & politics) , Arabic (

sometimes spoken and known by many Muslims, due to Islam being the primary religion) ,Urdu (understood by some, and spoken by Biharis )'

Religion

See also: Islam in Bangladesh , Hinduism in Bangladesh , Buddhism in Bangladesh , Christianity in Bangladesh

According to the 2001 census, the religious profile of the population is: Islam 89.7%, Hinduism 9.2%, Buddhism 0.7%, Christianity 0.3% and others (such as Animists and non-religious)0.1% .[19] The majority of the Muslims are Sunni consisting of 95% of the Muslim population,and the remaining are Shi'a and other sects. [citation needed ]

GeneticsBangladesh has the world's highest frequency of the M form of mitochondrial DNA . This geneticvariant spans many continents, and is the single most common mtDNA haplogroup in Asia .[20] InBangladesh it represents about 83% of maternal lineages .[21]

Education
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Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and writeTotal population: 43.1%Male: 53.9%

Female: 31.8% (2003 est.)

Education expenditures

2.7% of GDP (2005)country comparison to the world: 151

See also

Bangladeshi society

References This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook

document "2011 edition" . This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the

United States Department of State (Background Notes ).

1. ^ Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Results JULY 2011 2. ^ a b The World Factbook , CIA , accessed on Aug 15, 2011.3. ^ 2011 Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Results

4.

^ a

b

c

Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of theUnited Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision 5. ^ "Background Note: Bangladesh" . U.S. Department of State . 2005-08.6. ^ "Country Profiles: Bangladesh" . Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved 2006-07-28.7. ^ "World Development Indicators" . World Bank.8. ^ "CIA World Factbook 2010" . CIA.9. ^ "World Population Highlights: Key Findings From PRB's 2010 World Population Data

Sheet" . World Population Reference.10. ^ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971-2008 ( pdf pages 83-85) IEA

(OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics2010 page 57)

11. ^ "Population density Persons per sq km 2012 Country Ranks" . Retrieved 16 January2013.

12. ^ "Socio-economic Problems of the Urdu Speaking Residents at Mohammadpur" . Democracy Watch. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

13. ^ Persoob, Tasmia. "The Forgotten Community: Camp Based Urdu Speaking People inBangladesh" . Jahangirnagar University. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

14. ^ a b c d e Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity , Bangladesh: A Country Study, Edited by JamesHeitzman and Robert Worden, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1989.
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15. ^ Refugees of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh , Refugees International,2006-02-15

16. ^ "Citizenship for Bihari refugees" . BBC News . 2008-05-19. 7407757. Retrieved 2008-05-21.

17. ^ 2010 Regional Operations Profile - South-East Asia , UNHCR , 2010.

18. ^ Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh refuse repatriation , AFP , Dec 30, 2009.19. ^ [1] Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS)

20. ^ Ghezzi et al. (2005), Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians , European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 748 752.

21. ^ Mait Metspalu et al., Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modernhumans . BMC Genetics, 2004

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