Demographic Term

8/3/2019 Demographic Term

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POPULATION

Nur Hasyimah Mastura

Bte Hj Burhanuddin

08B0743

Nurul Hafizah Bte

Abd Latif

08B0764

Nurizatul Aziah Bte

Hj Kamaruddin

08B0721



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INDEX

Introduction on Population Game Page 3

- Aim of the game

- Objectives

- Content

How to play Page 4

- Break time!

- Bonus- Jail

Question and Answer

Subtopics:-

Demographic Term Page 5-6

Underpopulation and Overpopulation Page 7-8

Population Pyramid Page 9-10

Migration Page 11-13

Government Policy Page 14-15

Bonus Questions Page 16-20



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AIM OF THE GAME

To help students/players while doing revision on topic about population

OBJECTIVES

By the end of this game, students should be able to master all sub-topics of

population

CONTENT

1 game board (manila card)

8 coloured flags

1 die

Cards consist of questions

1set of card consist of bonus questions



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How to play?

This game can be played with 4 to 6 players and suitable for revision

1. Roll a die, the highest roller starts first. Play continues clockwise

2. On your turn, roll the die and move that number of squares clockwise

around the board

3. According to the space you land on; question will be given based on the

sub-topic where you stayed

Example: If you stay on Demographic Term, you will get question based

on demographic term, i.e. Define the term Birth rate and write its

formula?

4. One or two students will have to check whether the answer given is

correct

5. Continue until only one player finishes 3 rounds. Therefore he/she will be

the winner for this population game

BREAK TIME!

When you land on these spaces, you don’t have to answer any question. Take a

break. Just wait the turn to roll the die for the next round.

BONUS

Bonus questions will be given, if you can answer this questions you can move

forward 2 squares. Otherwise you get nothing but to wait your turn to roll the

die

JAIL

When you land on this space, you’ve been jailed. So you don’t play 1 turn.



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DEMOGRAPHIC TERM

1. Question: Define the term of BIRTH RATE and write its Formula.

Answer: Birth Rate is the number of babies born per thousand people in the

population per year.

Formula: No of live births x 1000

Total Population

2. Question: Define the term of DEATH RATE and write its Formula.

Answer: Death Rate is the number of people who die per thousand people inthe population per year.

Define the term of DEPENDENCY RATIO and write its Formula.

Formula: No of deaths x 1000

Total Population

3. Question: Define the term of DEPENDENCY RATIO and write its Formula.

Answer: Dependency Ratio is the ratio of dependants to the number of working

population in the country.

Formula: Young Dependants + Old Dependants

Working Population

4. Question: Define the term of INFANT MORTALITY RATE and the term of

LIFE EXPECTANCY.

Answer: Infant Mortality Rate is the number of infants under one year old who

die per thousand live births per year.

Life Expectancy is the number of years that a person is expected to

live at birth.



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5. Question: Define the term of NATURAL INCREASE and write its Formula.

Answer: Natural Increase is the difference between the number of births and the

number of deaths.

Formula: Natural Increase = Birth Rate – Death Rate

6. Question: Define the term of NET MIGRATION and write its Formula.

Answer: Net Migration is the number of people coming into a country less the number

leaving it.

Formula: Net Migration = Immigration – Emigration

7. Question: Define the term of POPULATION GROWTH and write its Formula.

Answer: Population Growth is the result of natural increase and net migration.

Formula: Population Growth = Natural Increase + Net Migration



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UNDERPOPULATION and OVERPOPULATION

1. Question: Define the term of Under-population.

Answer: Under-population is a situation in which there are “too few” people to fully

utilise the resources of a country.

2. Question: Define the term of Over-population.

Answer: Over-population is a situation in which there are “too many” people and not

enough resources to support the population in the country.

3. Question: Give at least 3 countries that you think that include under-population

countries.

Answer: Canada, Singapore, France, Greenland, Antartica, a few countries in Europe.

4. Question: Give at least 3 countries that you think that include over-populationcountries.

Answer: China, India, Bangladesh, Africa, Asia, Russia, North America and some parts

in England (London).

5. Question: Give at least 3 problems of over-population.

Answer:-

Lack of food and water supply.

Overcrowding.

The emerging of squatter settlements or slum areas.

Increasing unemployment

Increasing rate of crimes, example raping, murdering, robberies, vandalism, etc.

And others.



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6. Question: Give at least 3 problems of under-population.

Answer:-

Lack of workers / shortage of workers

Can prevent economic development

Limited manpower for defence of the country.

Declining birth rate i.e. population decrease.

And others.



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POPULATION PYRAMID

1. Question: Define the term of Population pyramid.

Answer: Population pyramid is a diagram used to show the age-sex structure of a

country’s population in the form of graphs.

2. Question: The shape of a Population pyramid is determined by? Give at least 3 terms.

Answer:-

Birth rate

Death rate

Annual population growth

Infant mortality rate

Life expectancy.

Age groups.

3. Question: Match the diagram of Population pyramid that given to you with this

characteristics:-

Broad base and narrow apex/top.

Has a large young population and few elderly people.

E.g. of countries – Saudi Arabia, Kenya, Nigeria and Mexico.

Answer:



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4. Question: Match the diagram of Population pyramid that given to you with this

characteristics:-

A very narrow base and broad top.

Indicates a negative population growth or known as “depopulation”.

Associated with very advanced countries such as Germany, Belgium and Switzerland.

Answer:-

5. Question: Name the group of A, B and C shown on the pyramid. Hint: Children

(Young dependent), Adults group or working population, and Aged

population (old dependent).

Answer:-

% of total population



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MIGRATION

1. Question: Define the term of Migration.

Answer: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another place.

2. Question: State 2 types of migration.

Answer:-

Internal migration.

International migration.

3. Question: Choose one from the term of either Internal, International, Rural-Urban,

Voluntary, or Involuntary migration. Define the term that you choose.

Answer:-

Internal migration is the movement of people within their own country.

International migration is the movement of people across the international

boundaries. Rural-urban migration is the movement of people away from the rural

regions (farms and villages) to an urban town or city.

Voluntary migration is the migration of people from one country to another

country because of their own free will.

Involuntary migration is the migration of people from one country to another

country against their own free will.



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4. Question: What are the causes of rural-urban migration? Give 3 causes of push

factors and the 3 causes of pull factors.

Answer:-

Push factors Pull factors

Lack of entertainment Lots of employment opportunities

Lack of education Better education

Low standard of living High standard of living

Lack of employment Lots of entertainment

Natural disasters e.g. volcanic

eruption, earthquakes, flooding,

typhoon and etc.

Better medical care and health

facilities

And others And others

5. Question: What are the consequences of rural-urban migration? Give at least 3

consequences to the rural areas and at least 3 consequences to the urban

areas.

Answer:-

Consequences in rural areas Consequences in urban areas

Rural depopulation – less young male

people

There will be a problem of

overcrowdedness

Shortage of young people to work in

farms

Increasing unemployment. Most of

young rural people are uneducated

and unskilledDependent people (elderly people and

children) are helpless without their

bread winners

There will be the growth of squatter

settlement

Low agricultural productivity An increasing rate of crimes

Rural poverty will be even more

widespreadIncreasing in the number of birth rate

And others And others



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6. Question: What are the problems faced by the immigrants (people who enter a

country)? Give at least 3 problems.

Answer:-

Difficult to find a place to settle down.

Difficult to communicate with other people, because different language.

Difficult to get the suitable jobs, because they are not suited to their qualifications.

Difficult to adapt to the new environment because of the different language, culture,

food, background, lifestyle, etc.

Maybe they have financial problems.

And others

7. Question: What are the consequences to the host (receiving) and home countries due

to the international migration? Give at least 3 consequences to the host

(receiving) and at least 3 consequences to the home countries.

Answer:-

Consequences to the host countries Consequences to the home

countries

Competition for jobs between the

local and the immigrants

“Brain drain” (is the losing of

intelligent and bright people) in the

country of origin

Racial discrimination or racial

tensions can occur

They gain benefit as the migrant sent

back money

Poverty arises and thus increasing

crimes

When they returned, they bring back

with them new skills

Concentrations of immigrants

belonging to a particular ethic groups

e.g., the establishment of China town



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GOVERNMENT POLICY

1. Question: China is the most populous country in the world with a population of 1.2

billion in 1995. High population growth before 1970 hindered economic

progress, so the government adopted a policy named China’s One-Child

Policy. What measures does the government of China take to this policy?

State at least 3 measures.

Answer:-

Birth control – such as contraceptives, sterilisation, and abortion are made easily

available to people

Financial disincentives – fines are imposed to discourage couples from having more

than one child. A couple with a second child has to pay a fine and an annual tax

Education – Couples with only one child are given free education for their child

Incentives – Couples with only one child are given a 10% salary bonus

2. Question: China’s One-Child policy is very successful in urban areas. However, in

rural areas, it is not quietly successful. Why was that? State at least 3

reasons.

Answer:-

Uneducated especially among women

They are not expose to new things

Many rural people are farmers, therefore, they need more children

Some areas are to remote and unreachable

Strong traditional culture

And others



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3. Question: In 1980s, the Singapore government realised that the population was growing

below replacement level, which means that people were not having enough

children to replace the number who died. The government then decided to

implement a policy named Singapore’s three or more policy. What

measures does the Singapore government take to this policy? State at

least 3 measures.

Answer:-

Facilities – Government has encouraged the establishment of child-care centres so

that working mothers will be able to have children and continue with their careers.

Conducive working conditions such as flexible working hours and part time

employment are encouraged as well as extended maternity leave.

Incentives – Married couples with more than two children are given tax rebates,

subsidies for children in approved child-care centres and priority for housing.

Education – Married couple with many children are given free education for their

child.

And others

4. Question: What do you think the factors that cause the failure of child policy in India?

Answer:-

Low standard of living – Especially in rural areas, majority of them still practicing

farming and need more labours (which is their own children)

Poor communication – The advertisement for one child policy is limited. Meaning to

say that some part of areas in India is difficult to reach due to poor communication

Culture and Religion – Example in Islam, abortion is a sin and illegal. For certain

culture, they think that the more children they have, the more their social class gets

higher

And others



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BONUS QUESTIONS

1. Question: State at least 3 reasons for low Birth Rate (BR) in most developed

countries.

Answer:-

High level of education

Widespread use of birth control methods e.g. contraceptives, sterilization, and

abortions

Women are becoming more educated and career-minded

Women prefer to remain single and marry late

Improved medical care and medical advancement leads to reduction in the number

of deaths among children. Therefore, reducing the need to bear more children

And others

2. Question: State at least 3 reasons for high Birth Rate (BR) in most developing

countries.

Answer:-

Low level of education

Lack of family planning

Early marriages

Religious or cultural beliefs against birth control methods

Improved sanitation and access to clean water supplies

And others



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3. Question: State at least 3 reasons for Death Rate (DR)

Answer:-

Diseases e.g. heart attack, obesity, cancer, malaria, Bird’s flu, and etc. Natural disasters e.g. Tsunami, Earthquakes, flooding, typhoon, volcanic

eruptions, and etc.

Poor medical and health care

Wars.

Poor hygiene and sanitation e.g. cleanliness

Malnutrition

And others

4. Question: Why Death Rate (DR) is low in most developed countries? State at least 3

reasons.

Answers:-

Better medical and health services

Better sanitation

Better nutrition/better diet

High level of education

Better transportation and distribution of food because all the areas are well served

And others



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5. Question: Why Death Rate (DR) is low in some developing countries? State at least 3

reasons.

Answer:-

Improved medical care

Improved sanitation and hygiene

Improvement in nutrition

Improvement in food production and distribution because of improvement in

transportation e.g. remote areas can be reachable

Increasing in the level of education

And others

6. Question: Why they have low infant mortality rate in developed countries? State at

least 3 reasons.

Answer:-

Better medical care and health services – better medical technology

Better nutrition/better diet – pregnant mothers take high in protein, balanced diet.

Among pregnant mothers have high level of education or have knowledge on how

to look-after themselves, how to make their baby healthy e.g. they take high

protein

And others

7. Question: Why they have low infant mortality rate in many developing countries?

State at least 3 reasons.

Answer:-

Improvement in terms of medical care, enough medicine, doctors, enough

vaccination, so diseases can be controlled

Improvement in nutrition/diet e.g. among pregnant mothers

Improvement in the level of education among pregnant mothers

And others



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8. Question: How to solve the problems of under-population (solution)? Give at least 3

solutions.

Answer:-

Encourage more birth by increasing the birth rate as in the case of Singapore with

its “three or more policy” and by giving some incentives.

Increase the retirement age of the old workers for e.g. from 55 years old to 60

years old.

Employ foreign workers

Adopt appropriate technology e.g. use robots to replace manual workers

And others

9. Question: How to solve the problems of over-population (solution)? Give at least 3

solutions.

Answer:-

Provide more jobs for the unemployment by opening more new industries

Introduce population policy as in the case of China “One Child policy” which is

very strict.

Increasing the level of education

Increasing the standard of living

Increasing the food supply

And others



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10. Question: What can you expect the population pyramid will be in urban area where

the migration is high (rural-urban migration)?

Answer:- For example:

11. Question: What are the causes of international migration? Give at least 3 causes.

Answer:-

Searching for jobs/ employment e.g. Bangladesh people migrate to the Brunei

who become salesman.

For studies or to find better education e.g. Bruneian students who are under

government scholarship who studied in UK, Australia, Malaysia, Egypt and etc.

For vacation to enjoy their holidays or to visit other countries.

For medical reasons because to treat patients who could not undergo some major

operations locally and they have to undergo the operation outside Brunei.

For sport event for e.g. SEA games which many participates from other countries

joined

And others

Documents

Demographic Term