Demand supply Analysis - TJPRC · 5 Uttara 3 RD Phase 23 Baridhara Residential Area & Diplomatic Zone 6 Uttara East Housing Project 24 Baridhara ‘J’ Block Residential Area 7 Gandaria

DEMAND SUPPLY ANALYSIS OF HOUSING PROJECTS IN DHAKA

METROPOLITAN AREA OF BANGLADESH

MOHSINAT NASRIN Bachelor with Honors and Masters Degree in Urban & Regional Planning,

Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh. [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Housing need is a complex and ever changing process. The government intends to create a favorable

and conducive environment in the country to give impetus to the housing sector. In the capital the land

development for residential use started a long time ago by government agency. In these consequences,

private sector came forward to address housing issue with its limited strength in the early eighties. The

private developers are playing a dominant role in housing market and able to meet a significant share of

housing demand. However, this study purpose is to make a list of housing projects, to analyze the

demand supply situation by calculating the accommodation capacity of those projects considering

projections and to suggests policy recommendation to ensure legitimate and optimum utilization of land

uses in Dhaka metropolitan Area (DMA). This study also focuses the Compatibility of Land Uses

regarding Planning Laws in DMA. The research also find out that the population in DMA will

accommodate efficiently if it is possible to maintain the density standard and other rules and regulation

which is given in PRLDR and other planning regulation and improving the monitoring and maintenance

system.

KEY WORDS

DMA, Housing, Essential Factors for Housing, Importance of Housing, Characteristics of Housing,

Land, Land Use, Role of the Entrepreneurs in Housing, Role of the Government in Housing, Role of the

Private Sector in Housing, Different strategies for housing development, Public Housing Projects, Private

Sector Involved in Housing Development, Accommodation Capacity of Private Housing Projects,

Housing Accommodation capacity by public Authority, Compatibility of Land Uses.

1. INTRODUCTION

Housing is the total living environment including dwelling units, land, the neighborhood services

and utilities needed for the well being of its inhabitants. Dhaka the capital city of Bangladesh is regarded

as one of the fastest growing city in the world. It is expected to rise to 25 million in 2025 which will rank

4th Asia (GOB-ADB, 1996). As the population is growing in this mega city, considering the dwelling

places required for these large numbers are very inadequate. As a result the residential areas of Dhaka

city are turning into overcrowded dirty and unhealthy environment. Population growth, urbanization is

considered in the keynote as the next most alarming threat to the housing sector. Huge population in the

city is creating enormous demand on housing because it is one of the basic needs of the human being

International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environ mental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development (IJCSEIERD) Vol.1, Issue 2 Dec-2011 31-50 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.,

Mohsinat Nasrin 32

(Khan, 2006). The housing shortage was estimated in 1991 to be about 3.10 million units composed of

2.15 million in rural areas and 0.95 million units in urban areas. The annual population growth rate of the

city is 4.34% and the household size is 4.8 (BBS, 2001). So it is generating the demand for 50,000 new

houses annually. But the average rate of production is only 20,000 units per year (Seraj & Murshed,

1990).

The distribution of land ownership pattern in urban areas is extremely unequal and skewed. More

than 70% of the population in Dhaka city does not own any land in the city. Moreover, less than 30% of

the household in the city own more than 80% of its land (Hasan and Kabir, 2002). Land acquired by the

government agencies and later distributed for private housing has become low- density (30 people per

acre) acres. Moreover the speculators in urban land markets hold significant amount of land especially in

the fringe areas and thereby create a pressure on the supply of such land for further development (Hasan

and Kabir, 2002). In these consequences, private sector came forward to address housing issue with its

limited strength in the early eighties. At the beginning, very few private land developers were involved in

the housing market. The total numbers of these developers was 336 in 2007and at present 589 in

2010(REHAB, 2010). The number of private land developer is more than 50 (Khan, 2006). These private

real estate entrepreneurs are providing residential facilities for city residents.

This sector is not actively patronized by the legal basis of the provision of community facilities

under a planned built residential project where it is a basic unit of urban residential area (Jahan, 2002).

So, the study is an attempt to delineate the location and areas of both public and private housings projects

in Dhaka Metropolitan Area (DMA), to make a list of housing projects, to analyze the demand supply

situation by calculating the accommodation capacity of those projects considering projections and to

suggests policy recommendation to ensure legitimate and optimum utilization of land uses in Dhaka

metropolitan Area.

2. STUDY AREA

Dhaka City, being the administrative, commercial and cultural capital of Bangladesh has now turned

into 26th

Mega City and 10th

most Populous City of the world. It is the nerve center of the country. The

population of Dhaka has grown from only 0.1 million in 1906 to 3,36,000 in 1951 and 10.71 million in

2001 (Census 2001). It is growing at an alarming rate (5.6% during 1991-2001 inter-casual periods). At

this about 200000 migrants are entering Dhaka every year for whom about 40000 new housing unit are

required. Considering the requirement the housing requirement for population due to natural growth plus

annexation the replacement, it can be estimated even on a very conservative scale that about 100000 new

units of all types are required every year in Dhaka city.

Demand Supply Analysis of Housing Projects in Dhaka Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh 33

Map 1: Map of the Study Area

Source: EPC, 2011; Modified by the Author

3. METHODOLOGY

Methodology means a specific method or technique to complete any type of study such as thesis,

reports, projects, scientific works etc. After having a clear idea about the study area, relevant and

expected data to achieve the objectives of the study and the probable sources for the required data were

listed. The data sources include-

• Primary sources: interview of different officials of private developers.

• Secondary sources: REHAB, NHA, CUS, RAJUK, BUET, different thesis, newspapers, maps,

articles, books, journals, search from Internet etc.

4. HOUSING PROJECTS IN DMA AREA

Housing Projects are taken by both public authorities and private organizations. The government can

meet only 7% of the total demand whereas private sector entertains the bulk of 93% (Haque, 2004).

Mohsinat Nasrin 34

4.1 Public Sector’s Involved in Housing Development

The different Departments/Directorates namely department of Architecture, Public Works

Department (PWD), Housing and Settlement Directorate (HSD), City Development Authorities

(RAJUK) and Urban Development Directorate (UDD),etc. under the Ministry of Housing and Public

works are involve in the public sector housing.

Map 2: List of Public Housing Project in DMA

Source: EPC,2011;Modified by Author.

The below table shows the identification number of the Public housing projects and also the location

of the housing projects:


Table 1: Location Identification of the Projects

No. Of projects

Name of Projects No. of Projects

Name of Projects

0 Banani Model Town 18 Residential flats for Squatters/Low income group of people at section no- 11,

Mirpur, Dhaka

1 Uttara Model Town (1st phase) 19 Construction of 182 Nos 1250& 1060 sft.

Flat

2 NIkunja – 2 (Joarshahara

Rehabilitation Area) 20 Construction of Residential cum

commercial building at Dhaka near ,

Mohammudpur , Dhaka

3 Nikunja – 1 Residential Area 21 Mohammadpur Housing Estate

4 Jhilmil Residential Project (1st

Phase) 22 Kalyanpur Housing Estate

5 Uttara 3RD Phase 23 Baridhara Residential Area & Diplomatic

Zone

6 Uttara East Housing Project 24 Baridhara ‘J’ Block Residential Area

7 Gandaria Rehabilitation Area 25 DOHS Baridhara,

8 Karwan Bazar Rehabilitation

Area 26 DOHS Banani,

9 Jatrabari Housing state 27 Officers Housing Area at Malibagh

10 Shyampur Rehabilitation Area 28 Jhilmil Residential Project (2nd Phase)

11 Construction of 360 Nos 1336

sft. 29 DOHS Mohakhali,

12 Mirpur rehabilitation project 30 Gulshan Model Town

13 Mirpur Housing Estate 31 Jurain (I, G Bagan) Rehabilitation Area

14 Construction of Shapnanagar

Residential flats 32 Construction of 1716 Nos residential

flats at section-16, Mirpur, Dhaka

15 Construction of 1020 Nos

Residential Flats 33 Residential flats for Selling to the

Squatters/Low income group of people at

Mirpur, Dhaka

16 Lalmatia Housing Estate 34 Construction of 14 storied Community

Centre Cum flat

17 Dhanmondi Residential Area 35 Residential flats for Selling to the Squatters/Low income group of people at

section no- 11, Mirpur, Dhaka

Source: RAJUK, 2010. Web pages of NHA, HSD

4.2 Private Sector Involved in Housing Development

Private houses are built from private initiatives with or without governmental help. So far this is the

largest sector that provides housing for all categories of people. Houses are built either by individuals or

Mohsinat Nasrin 36

a small quality by the private developers. Most of these houses are assumed to be in the formal sector,

accepted by the authority as a legitimate form of house. However provision of cheap houses for the lower

income groups are mostly in slums and squatters, which are termed as informal housing (Khan, 2001). In

Dhaka, Private Housing Cooperatives and Housing Companies have been active since the 1950s gaining

some momentum in the 1990s.

Private housing projects in Dhaka Metropolitan Area is Given below:

Table 2: Private Housing Projects in Dhaka Metropolitan Area

Housing Projects No. of Housing projects

Approved Housing Projects 30

Housing Projects without approval to RAJUK 79

Illegal Project Identified by RAJUK 18

Source: RAJUK, 2011, web pages of NHA & HSD

Map 2: List of Private Housing Projects Approved By the RAJUK

Source: EPC, 2011; Modified by Author.




Table 4 : Location Identification of the projects

No. of

Projects Name of Projects

No. of


0 Pallabi Residential Project,

Mirpur

16 Sismal Land Project Bagbari, Mirpur

1 Arambag Co-operative Housing

Society, Mirpur

17 K.M. Das Lane Residential Project,

Motijheel

2 Sikdar Real Estate, Dhanmondi 18 Cap Hasan Housing paikpara, Mirpur

3 Kallayanpur Land Project,

Mirpur

19 Potogola River View Land Project,

4 Baitul Aman housing Society 20 Postogola Residential Project

5 Adarsa Chayanir Grihanirman

Samity, Mirpur

21 Mollica Residential Project,

6 Cap Hasan Housing complex,

Tejgaon (Niketon)

22 Blue Star Apartment Housing

7 Mohammadpur Pisciculture

Housing

23 Probal Housing, Mohammadpur

8 Sunibir Grihanirman Samabaye

Samity, Mohammadpur

24 Janata Co-operative Housing

9 Dhaka Real Estate, 25 Basundhara Residential Project, A-F

Block

10 Metropolitan Christians Co-

operative Housing, Tejgaon

26 Mukti Real Estate, Mirpur

11 Janata Housing Project, Mirpur 27 Shyamoli Housing, Uttara

12 Mohanagar Project 28 Rahat Reality Residential Project

13 Banasree and Aftabnagar 29 Hatirjhil Project

14 RayerBazar Project 30 Rahat Reality Residential Project

15 Pallabi- 2nd phase Residential

Project

Source: RAJUK, 2011

Mohsinat Nasrin 38

Map 3: Private Housing Projects which are developing without applying for approval to the

RAJUK

Source: EPC, 2011; Modified by Author.





No. of Projects

Name of Project No. of

Projects Name of Project

0 Abdur Rafiq Housing project 41 Shyamoli Housing,

1 Adarsa Chayanir Grihanirman Samity, 42 Swadesh- Shornali Abashan

2 Green Model Town 43 Swadesh Sunvalley Abashan

3 Ashiyan City 44 Tayer Bazar(Sibibili) housing

4 Basundhara R/A Project 45 Japan Garden City

5 Bashabo Abashik Prokilpo 46 Uttaran Abashik Prokalpo

6 Bestway NRB Valley 47 Uttaran Satellite City

7 Baitul Aman housing Society 48 Rahat Reality Residential Project

8 Cap Hasan Housing paikpara, 49 Hatirjheel Property Development

Limited

9 Dhaka Real Estate, 50 Saudia Property Development

Ltd

10 Dakhina City 51 BDDL property Development

Ltd

11 Makan Model Town 52 Metropolitan Christian

Association

12 Badda Model Town 53 Metropolitan Christian

Association

13 Moon City-2 54 Urban Property Development

Ltd

14 Arambag Co-operative Housing Society, 55 ICAB City Company Pvt. Ltd

15 Cap Hasan Housing complex,

Tejgaon(Niketon) 56 Neptune Development and

Housing Ltd

16 Arambag Housing Society, 57 Swadesh property Development

Ltd

17 Mohanagar Project 58 Concord Real Estate and

Development Ltd

18 Banasree and Aftabnagar 59 Jamuna Builders Ltd

19 Postogola Residential Project 60 Xenovalley

20 RayerBazar Project 61 Western City Ltd

21 Pallabi Residential Project 62 Givency Real Estate

22 Pallabi- 2nd phase Residential Project 63 Mozammel development Private

Ltd

23 Sismal Land Project Bagbari, 64 Banani Property Development

Private ltd

24 K.M. Das Lane Residential Project, 65 Kaderabad Housing Ltd

25 Postogola River View Land Project, 66 Buriganga Housing Ltd

Mohsinat Nasrin 40

Sutrapur

26 Kallanpur Land Project 67 Latif Real Estate Ltd

27 Basundhara Residential Project, A-F

Block 68 N.M housing Ltd

28 Hatirjhil Project 69 South west Development Ltd

29 Priyo Prangan Paribagh 70 Ali and Noor Real Estate

30 Janata Co-operative Housing 71 Ashian Land Development Ltd.

31 Janata Housing Project, Mirpur 72 South west Development Ltd

32 Chaya Kunja 5 73 Ali and Noor Real Estate

33 Blue Star Apartment Housing 74 East West Property Development

LTd

34 Mohammadpur Pisciculture Housing 75 Gias Nagar

35 Mollika Abashik Prokolpo 76 South Town

36 Probal Housing, Mohammadpur 77 Bhuiyan Abashik Prokolpo

37 Reliance Model Town 78 Anwar City

38 Sikdar Real Estate, Dhanmondi 79 Jubak Housing

39 Sunibir Grihanirman Samabaye Samity,

Mohammadpur 80 Mowla Housing Project

40 Mollica Residential Project,

Source: RAJUK, 2011.


Map 4: List of Illegal Housing Projects Identified by the RAJUK

Source: EPC, 2011; Modified by Author

The below table shows the identification number of the public housing projects and also the location


Mohsinat Nasrin 42


No. of


No. of


0 Noor Nagar Housing Project 9 Janak nanani Model Town

1 Town View Residential Project 10 Rayer Bazar Model Town

2 Dhaka Uddan Multipurpose Society Ltd 11 Fenci International Project

3 Aftab Nagar and Bonoshri Extension 12 Mohammadia Housing Project

4 Main Land City 13 Chand Housing

5 Shyamoli Welfare Project 14 Nobodoy Housing

6 Mina Bazar Project 16 Latif Real Estate

7 Nobi Nagar Project, Mohammadi

Housing

17 Boshumoti Residential Project

8 Ali Noor Real Estate Project

Source: RAJUK,2010

5. DEMAND AND SUPPLY ANALYSIS OF HOUSING PROJECTS

Dhaka City, being the administrative, commercial and cultural capital of Bangladesh has now turned

into 26th

Mega City and 10th

most Populous City of the world. Traditionally, government land

development programs and personal initiatives of private land owners was the major source of land and

housing supply in Dhaka Metropolitan area. Housing demand is increasing with the growth of the city.

Population Accommodation Capacity of Housing projects in DMA is given below:

Table 6 : Population Accommodation Capacity of Housing Projects in DMA

Housing Projects Area in Acre Population Accommodation Capacity

(350 person per acre)

Public 5266.257 1883440

Private 13880.14 4858050


5.1 Accommodation Capacity of Different Housing Authority

Maximum Housing accommodation is provided by the RAJUK, and the Power Development Board

and National Housing Authority provided housing in Dhaka Metropolitan area.


Table 7 : Housing Accommodation Capacity by Public Authority

Development Authority No. of Housing Projects

PWD 1

RAJUK 16

Defense Officers Housing Society 3

NHA 13


Figure 1: Percentage of Housing Accommodation Capacity by Public Authority


RAJUK played a key role in planning and development of Dhaka. RAJUK provide approximately

75% of housing among public housing authority. PWD builds public flat housing employees. PWD

provide approximately 9% of housing. NHA has been succeeded in providing 15704 housing units for

lower income group of people.

5.2 Present and Future Land Requirement

According to DMDP study top 30% income holders of Dhaka city are only supported by public or

private housing schemes (DMDP, Urban Area Plan, 1995-2005). That’s why in calculating the land

served and future land requirement top 30% income holders are considered.

Mohsinat Nasrin 44

Table 8 : Present and Future Land Requirement for the Affordable People

Year Population Affordability

(top 30%)

Land served in acre Total

land

served

Land required in

acre (350person

per acre) for top

30% people

Public Private

2010 11342552 3402766 5266.257 13880.14 19146.4 9722.188

2025 25731032

(projected) 7719310 ------- ------- 22055.17

Source: Field Survey, 2011.

Table 9 : Present and Future Land Requirement to Accommodate DMA Population

Year DMA area in

Acre

Land required for

Total population in

acre

Percentage of DMA

area

Land required in acre for top 30% people (350person per

acre)

Land served in

(350person per acre)

In acre Percentage

of DMA In acre

Percentage

of DMA

2010 76599.95

32407.29 42% 9722.188 13% 19146.4

24%

2025 73517.23 95% 22055.17 29% ---- ----

Source: Field Survey, 2011.

5.3 Major Findings from Demand Supply Analysis

� It is clear from the table 4.4 that, to accommodate top 30% affordable people using a density of

350 person per acre in DMA area only 13% (9722.188acre) of DMA area is required whereas

the supply is 24% (18245.21acre) of total DMA area, where the supply is almost double than

the demand.

� After 15 years in 2025, to accommodate top 30% affordable people with the same density in

DMA area 29% (22055.17acre) area will be needed whereas already 24% land is supplied. So

additional 5% land will be required to accommodate the people.

� It is possible to accommodate the total population of DMA within 42% (32407.29acre) land of

DMA if proper planning is practiced. After 15 years in 2025 95% (73517.23acre) of DMA area

will be needed to accommodate the total DMA population.

6. LAND USE COMPATIBILITY

Some of The housing projects established in DMA by violating the proposed land use which was

mentioned in Detailed Area Plan. The name of the housing projects that violating the rules is given

below:


Table 10 : Public Housing Projects and Proposed Land Uses

Public Housing projects Proposed land Use in

DAP

Mohammadpur Housing Commercial

Karwan Bazar Rehabilitation Area Commercial

Construction of Residential cum commercial building at Dhaka near Asad

Avenue , Mohammudpur , Dhaka Commercial

Construction of 1716 Nos residential flats at section-16, Mirpur, Dhaka Commercial

Construction of 14 Housing storied Community Centre Cum Commercial

& Residential flat Building for selling at section- 5 Rupnagar, Mirpur ,

Dhaka

Commercial

Shyampur Rehabilitation Area Commercial

Source: Field Survey, 2011

Table 11 : Private Housing Projects and Proposed Land Uses

Private Housing projects Proposed land Use in DAP

Baitul Aman housing Society Commercial

Cap Hasan Housing complex, Tejgaon (Niketon) Commercial

Bestway NRB Valley Retention Pond

Swadesh Sunvalley Abashan Retention pond

Janata Housing Project, Mirpur Commercial

South west Development Ltd Retention pond and Flood flow Zone

Buriganga Housing Ltd Retention pond and Flood flow Zone

K.M. Das Lane Residential Project, Motijheel Commercial

Blue Star Apartment Housing Commercial

Source: Field Survey, 2011

Mohsinat Nasrin 46

Proliferation of Housing Projects in SPZ-4 & SPZ-5

Clustering of Housing Projects

Map 5: Housing Projects Different Spatial planning Zone in DMA

Source: Prepared by Author, 2011


Retention Pond Area and Main

Flood Flow Zone

Sub Flood Flow Zone &

Retention Pond Area

Map 6 : Showing the Encroachment in Main and Sub Flood Flow zone and Retention pond Areas

by Private Housing Projects

Source: Prepared by Author, 2011

• The SPZ 4 is identified in DMDP as main flood flow zone, but many private housing projects

are developing in that area without approval to RAJUK.

7. RECOMMENDATION

It is evident from the study that the DMDP policies are extremely violated by the PRLDCs. Lack of

expertise, government initiatives, institutional weakness, wide spread corruption and political influences

upon the administration is also deteriorating the situation.

Mohsinat Nasrin 48

� Ensure Better Enforcement of DAP

� Ensure Better Performance and Role of Development Agencies and Local Bodies

� Coordination among Different Development Agencies

� Improving Monitoring System

� Land Use Zoning

� Areas of agricultural Zone

� Areas of Flood Flow Zone

� Strengthening the Capacity of Local Government

� Public and Private Partnership

8. CONCLUSION

Housing is one of the basic needs of human. The problem of housing in Dhaka city is very acute and

frightening. During the last few years the degree of urban growth has been very rapid, giving rise to

corresponding high demand for housing. In Dhaka City affordability is one of the prime issues that

should be considered in supplying land and housing. This study mainly identifies the location and area of

housing projects and their accommodation capacity. This study also focuses the Compatibility of Land

Uses regarding Planning Laws in DMA. Many of housing projects have not maintained the rules and

regulation and proposed land use which is described in DAP (Detailed Area Plan). The research also find

out that the population in DMA will accommodate efficiently if it is possible to maintain the density

standard and other rules and regulation which is given in PRLDR and other planning regulation. To

accommodate the population in DMA properly by these housing projects the monitoring and

maintenance system should also be improved. To accommodate population and improve the housing

situation in DMA both preventive and curative measures should be taken. Some of the steps would be of

the macro level such as national urbanization policy.

So there should be proper regulation to control the development and at the same time incentives and

credit facilities should be provided to the land developer and as well as the plot purchasers. The proper

guideline foe the housing project should be given by the government and planning standards for

community services and facilities should be developed and introduced with the consideration of

economic and social aspects of the inhabitants of the city.

REFERENCES

1. Akter, K. 2011, An Evaluative Study of the Performance of Public Sector Housing provision of

Dhaka City, an unpublished MURP Thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning,

Jahangirnagar University, Savar: Dhaka.

2. BBS, 2001. Brief Statistics of Population Census, 2001, Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh. Dhaka,

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.


3. Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), 2003, “Strengthening the Role of Private Sector Housing in

Bangladesh Economy: The Policy Challenges”, http://www.cpd-bangladesh.org/publications/dr/DR-

64.pdf accessed on 02.04.08.

4. Hossain, M.I; Rahman, F and Hasan, M.R. 2007, Issues for Reformulating Housing Supply for Low

Income People in Dhaka City, The Jahangirnagar Review, Vol. 5 pp. 123-137, Jahangirnagar

University, Savar, Dhaka.

5. Haque, M.J., 2004, Impact of Private Land Development on the Environment of the Eastern Fringe

Area of Dhaka, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, BUET,

Dhaka.

6. Hasan, M. and Kabir, A.2002, An Introduction to Housing in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Centre for

Human Welfare and sustainable Development, Khulna.

7. Hasan, M. and Ahmed, A.H., 1999, Policy Guideline and Suggestion for Improving Low- Income

Housing in Dhaka City, Khulna University Studies1 (1):25-32, Khulna.

8. Hafiz, R. 2002, The Urban Frontiers of Dhaka: creating Space above the Water, Urbanization in

Bangladesh Patterns, Issues and Approaches to Planning, Jahan, S and Maniruzzaman, K.M., (ed.)

Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Bangla Motor: Dhaka.

9. Islam, M.S. 2006, “Real estate Development in Banani R/A: An Investigation into its effects on the

built environment”, An Unpublished BURP Thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning,

Jahangirnagar university,Savar: Dhaka.

10. Islam, I. 2009, Wetland of Metro Area A study from social, economic and institutional perspectives,

A H Development publishing housing, New Market: Dhaka.

11. Islam, N.1991, Dhaka in 2025 AD in Ahmed, S (Ed.), Dhaka, past, present, future. Asiatic Society of

Bangladesh.

12. Jahan, A. 2002, “Housing Provision of Dhaka: An Analytical Study of the Role of State and Private

Formal Developers”, MURP thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, BUET, Dhaka.

13. J.F.Ara, 2007, “An Analysis of built environment in an urban residential area” Unpublished BURP

thesis dept of Urban and Regional Planning, Jahangirnagar University, Savar: Dhaka.

14. Kakon, A.N. 2006, Terms of Engagement for housing in Dhaka: Low income Housing in Informal

Sector, The Jahangirnagar Review, Part II: Social Science, Vol. XXX, pp. 123-137, Jahangirnagar

University, Savar: Dhaka.

15. Khan, A.M., 2006, Residential Area Development in Dhaka City by Private and Public Sector,

Jahangirnagar Planning Review, Vol.4, pp.83-93, Jahangirnagar University, Savar: Dhaka.

Mohsinat Nasrin 50

16. Mahmud, M. A. 2007, “Management of Growth and Planned development of Dhaka City: The

Necessity of Proper Enforcement of Planning Standards” in Jahan, S. (et al), (eds.) Urbanization in

Bangladesh: Patterns, Issues and Approaches to Planning, Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Dhaka.

17. Nabi, A. S.; M, Haque, A. and Ferdous, F.2003, Urban Housing Market- towards a Demand

responsive Supply, Hafiz, R. Maniruzzaman, K.M, Ahmed, Z.N.(eds.) Architecture: Overcoming

Constraints, Seminar Proceedings, Dhaka: BUET.

18. REHAB Fair, 2010, Real Estate & Housing Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka.

19. Rahman, D. R. and Seraj, D.T.M. 1996, Housing Problems in Metropolitan Dhaka, Housing

Development and Management, Santosh G. (ed.) Centre for Built Environment, Calcutta: India.

20. Rahman, G. 2008, Component of Urban planning, in his book Town planning and the political

Culture of planning in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Bangladesh

21. Seraj, T.M., Murshed, A., 1990, Urban development in Dhaka City and effects on Housing, in

Journal of B.I.P., Vol.1, 2, 1990.

22. Saiful,I.M. 2006. “Real Estate Development in Banani R/A: An investigation into its Effects on the

Built Environment”. Unpublished BURP thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning,

Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka.

23. Khan, A. (et al), 2001, “A Study on Area Development in Dhaka City by Private and Public Sector”,

Unpublished BURP thesis, Department of Urban & Regional Planning, BUET, Dhaka.

Documents

Demand supply Analysis - TJPRC · 5 Uttara 3 RD Phase 23 Baridhara Residential Area & Diplomatic Zone 6 Uttara East Housing Project 24 Baridhara ‘J’ Block Residential Area 7 Gandaria