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Demand Response Performance and Communication Strategy: AHRI and CEE

DOE Building Technologies Office Conference

NREL, Golden, Colorado, May 1, 2014

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A Growing Crisis: Peak Utility Load

Source: DOE workshop, Southern California Edison, 4/22/2008

Outdoor Ambient

Utility Load

Although many utilities seek HVAC equipment with high efficiency at peak load conditions, that is a very costly solution that customers won’t buy. The best solution is not efficiency at occasional peak load conditions; it’s about managing the peak load effectively, through enhanced DR capabilities.

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Typical Contributors to Utility Summer Peak Load (not to scale)

Air-

Conditioning

(1)

Electric Water

Heating

(2)

All Other

Main targets for enhanced demand response performance & communication project

Appliances, lighting and plug loads

are small fragmented contributors to peak that are challenging to standardize, communicate, control and verify responses.

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Broad Spectrum of Systems in Buildings

Demand response

A few kW per bldg.

Very high unit volume

Standardized utility programs

PUC regulated

New a/c capabilities now emerging!!!

High unit volume

Single family homes

Small commercial

Discrete systems

Unitary a/c

Water heaters

No building EMS

Demand response

Many kW per bldg.

Low unit volume

DR aggregators

Negotiated contracts

Controls capabilities readily available

Low unit volume

Large multistory com’l buildings

Complex systems

Chillers

Heat recovery

Sophisticated EMS

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Broad Spectrum of Systems in Buildings

Demand response

A few kW per bldg.

Very high unit volume

Standardized utility programs

PUC regulated

New a/c capabilities now emerging!!!

High unit volume

Single family homes

Small commercial

Discrete systems

Unitary a/c

Water heaters

No building EMS

Demand response

Many kW per bldg.

Low unit volume

DR aggregators

Negotiated contracts

Controls capabilities readily available

Low unit volume

Large multistory com’l buildings

Complex systems

Chillers

Heat recovery

Sophisticated EMS

AHRI and CEE collaboration in this space

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Cost Efficient Technologies (conceptual cost relationships)

13 18 25

Up

Fro

nt

Un

it C

ost

($

)

Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER)

Up F

ront

Cost

($)

SEER

Variable�Speed

MechanicallyModulatedFixed

Speed

Not to scale.

Several manufacturers are now introducing variable speed unitary air-conditioners, around 20 SEER. It is expected to become cost effective down to 18 SEER or lower. The technology also offers superior demand response capabilities.

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0

5

10

15

20

25

Fixed Speed Variable Speed

SEER

EER @100% load, 95

EER @ 75% load, 95

Results of Load Control at Full Load Conditions: Alternative:

Output reduction: 25% 25% ~14%

Power reduction: ~25% ~43% 25%

SE

ER

an

d E

ER

Eff

icie

ncy R

ati

ng

s

How Variable Speed A/C Could Benefit Utilities Simulated Performance

C

o

m

p

r

e

s

r

C

y

c

l

i

n

g

S

p

e

e

d

R

e

d

u

c

t

i

o

n

° °

About AHRI

Is one of the nation’s largest trade associations

– Representing over 300 HVACR and water heating manufacturers across 39 product sections

Administers rigorous certification programs

– 40 Certification Programs

Establishes international standards

– Nearly 100 industry standards and guidelines

Engages in the shaping of public policies

Represents the industry domestically & globally

Administers a comprehensive industry statistics program

AHRI Smart/Connected Equipment Committee

Participated in discussions with AHAM, USGBC, PNNL, EPA, EPRI, CEE, NIST, OpenADR Alliance, ZigBee Alliance, ClimateTalk Alliance and utilities on approaches to “smart” technologies

Findings and activities:

– Published AHRI white paper on “smart” systems in November 2013

– Recommend direct communication with utilities (no additional devices)

– Reviewed a strawman specification on variable capacity unitary systems that was developed by EPRI and Danfoss

– OpenADR 2.0 and SEP 2 attractive for communication

– Discussion with CEE and utilities suggests that modular approach for legacy systems may be feasible

Smart Systems Definition

AHRI believes that smart systems should be capable of

– Receiving, interpreting and acting on external signal(s)

– Adjusting operation according to preset minimum performance standards depending on external signal’s requirements

– Communicating product’s relevant status back to utility

– Having settings that are easy for consumers to activate

– Providing audio/visual alerts and information to consumers

We foresee a scenario where smart systems could be shipped with capabilities that would be activated upon consumers entering an agreement with utilities or third party providers

Consumers should have the option to override equipment modes

11

CEE Members Working Together Program Administrators

AEP—Ohio

Alabama Power Company

Alliant Energy—Iowa

Alliant Energy—Wisconsin

Ameren Illinois Utilities

Ameren Missouri

Arizona Public Service

Atmos Energy Corporation

Austin Energy

Avista Utilities

Baltimore Gas & Electric

BC Hydro

Berkshire Gas Company

Black Hills Energy—

Colorado

Black Hills Energy—Iowa

Bonneville Power

Administration

Cape Light Compact

Cascade Natural Gas

Centerpoint Energy—

Minnesota

Citizens Energy Group

City of Palo Alto Utilities

City Utilities of Springfield

—Missouri

Columbia Gas of

Massachusetts

Columbia Gas of Ohio

Commonwealth Edison

Con Edison

Connecticut Natural Gas

Consumers Energy

DC Sustainable

Energy Utility

Delta Natural Gas

DTE Energy

Duke Energy

Efficiency Maine

Efficiency NB

Efficiency Nova Scotia

Efficiency Vermont

Energy Trust of Oregon

Eugene Water & Electric

Board

FortisBC

Gaz Métro

Georgia Power

Great Plains Natural Gas

Gulf Power

Hawaii Energy Efficiency

Program

Hydro-Québec

Idaho Power

Indianapolis Power and

Light Company

Iowa Energy Center

Kansas City Power and

Light

LG&E and KU Energy LLC

Liberty Utilities New

Hampshire

Long Island Power

Authority

Los Angeles Department of

Water & Power

MidAmerican Energy

Minnesota Department of

Commerce

Mississippi Power

Montana-Dakota Utilities

National Grid

Natural Resources Canada

Nebraska Public Power

District

New England Gas

Company

New Hampshire Electric

Cooperative

New Jersey Board of

Public Utilities

New Jersey Natural Gas

New Mexico Gas Company

New York Power Authority

Newfoundland and

Labrador Hydro

Newfoundland Power

Nicor Gas

Northeast Utilities Northern California Power

Agency

Northern Indiana Public

Service Company

NV Energy

NYSERDA

Omaha Public Power

District

Oncor Corporation

Pacific Gas and Electric

Company

PECO Energy Company

Peoples Gas

Pepco

Piedmont Natural Gas

Platte River Power

Authority

PNM

PPL Electric Utilities

Public Service Electric &

Gas

Puget Sound Energy

Questar Gas

Rocky Mountain Power—

Utah

Rocky Mountain Power—

Wyoming

Sacramento Municipal

Utility District

Salt River Project

San Diego Gas & Electric

SaskPower

Seattle City Light

Snohomish Public Utility

District

SourceGas

South Jersey Gas

Southern California Edison

Southern California Gas

Southern Company

Southern Connecticut Gas

Southern Minnesota

Municipal Power Agency

Southwest Gas

Tacoma Public Utilities

Tampa Electric Company

Tennessee Valley Authority

Union Gas

UniSource EnergyServices

United Illuminating

Company

Unitil

Vectren Corporation

Vermont Department of

Public Service

Vermont Gas Systems, Inc.

Wisconsin Focus on

Energy

Xcel Energy

Efficiency Organizations

National Laboratories Alliance to Save Energy

American Council for an

Energy-Efficient Economy

California Energy Commission

California Institute for Energy

and Environment

Fraunhofer Center for

Sustainable Energy Systems

Lawrence Berkeley National

Laboratory

Massachusetts Department of

Energy Resources

Midwest Energy Efficiency

Alliance

National Renewable Energy

Laboratory

Natural Resources Defense

Council

New Buildings Institute

Northeast Energy Efficiency

Partnerships

Northwest Energy Efficiency

Alliance

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Pacific Northwest National

Laboratory

Southwest Energy Efficiency

Project

Federal Advisors Natural Resources Canada

US DOE

US EPA

12

Strategic Energy

Management

Premium Efficiency Motors

Motor Systems

Distribution Transformers

Municipal Water and

Wastewater

Whole House

HVAC

Gas Space Heating

Appliances

Gas Water Heating

Lighting

Consumer

Electronics

Building Performance

Unitary Air-conditioning

and Heat Pumps

Gas Boiler Systems

Clothes Washers

Kitchens

Gas Water Heating

Lighting Systems

Data Centers

and Servers

CEE members develop market initiatives and

explorations with impact in U.S. and Canada

Residential Commercial Industrial

Work plans: cee1.org/committee-work

Initiative documents: cee1.org/content/cee-program-resources

13

Industry Partnerships Are Key to

Effective DSM Programs

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Status of Meetings and Next Steps November: AHRI Committee reviewed draft DR performance spec for utility discussions R. Wilkins reported status to AHRI Board of Directors; increased OEM interest and

support December: Keynote presentation to leading utility meeting convened by EPRI Conference call with leading utilities convened by CEE

January - April, 2014: EPRI and CEE working group meetings with utilities and manufacturers Joint AHRI – CEE member working group meeting April 17 workshop with AHRI, CEE, EPRI, leading utilities and manufacturers

Refined draft specification for DR performance and signal response upon receipt of utility signals Developed draft specification for communication protocol layers Now subject to review, edit and approval

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Thank you!