Delimitation(defining) of the Central Business District of Nyon

IGCSE Fieldwork, 2012

Urban Revision1. What are the two main functions of the CBD?2. The centre of the CBD is referred to as the PLVI.

What does this stand for?3. Where is the PLVI in most towns?4. Where is the PLVI in Nyon?5. Which 3 urban models did we study in year 10?6. What is an example of a high order, middle

order and low order service?

Delimiting the CBD of a SettlementRevision: last year you studied CBDs – Central Business Districts. They contain most of an urban area’s retail, service, financial and other businesses, and the premises in the CBD are used mostly for those things. 90% of an urban area’s jobs may be in its CBD.

Retailing and other services are divided up into three levels or ’orders’ according to their size, cost, importance and/or frequency of use. This is a difficult thing to define precisely. However…

Higher order goods and services include jewellers, antiques, furniture stores, hospitals, 5* hotels and department stores

Middle order goods and services include pharmacies, bookshops, electrical goods, polyclinics, restaurants and clothes stores

Low order goods include grocers, newspaper vendors and bakeries.

CBD’s…..• tend to have taller buildings• tend to be more crowded and have intensive

use of the land• Tend to have less open space• are dominated by businesses (but not

factories)• should have lots of people there in working

hours• might have very heavy traffic (but remember

what we learnt in class about traffic management and CBDs)

Fieldwork Planning

If you are to walk from the PLVI towards the edge of the town, what changes would you expect to see?

Make a list of these.How could these be measured?

Fieldwork Introduction

1. Write a brief written introduction to this fieldwork.

Include: Where and when the fieldwork will take place. The AIM of this investigation The OBJECTIVES of this investigation

2. Geographical Location of Fieldwork– Use maps of different scales to locate Nyon...– Switzerland, Vaud, Nyon. – Ensure each map has a Title (with figure

number), North Arrow and Scale.– The Nyon map should be annotated to show any

factors which may influence the fieldwork(see next slide).

The Peak Land Value Intersection of Nyon

500 metres

3. HypothesesIndividually decide upon the wording of your hypotheses(predictions).

• Write hypotheses for the following..1. Ability of the group to define the edge of the

CBD.2. Pedestrian Counts3. Functional Score4. Height of Buildings5. Level of Vehicle Restrictions6. Traffic Safety

4. Extension Hypotheses– Decide upon some extension hypotheses which

your group is going to collect data in order to test.

– Possible ideas...noise, litter(graffiti etc), plants, trees, quality of pavement/street furniture, condition of buildings, air quality, age of buildings, building frontage. (others possible)

– It is suggested that you create a bipolar sheet to include the variables you want to test (see next slide)...this can be done as a group

Traffic safety ScorePedestrian Street 10Restricted vehicle

access8

Light traffic 6Heavy traffic, with

crossings3

Heavy Traffic, no crossings

0

Level of Vehicle Restriction Score

Pedestrian Street 10

Access only for buses or taxis 8

No Parking at any time 6

Timed Parking Limit (Paid for) 4

Timed Parking Limit (unpaid) 2

No restrictions 0

Justification of Hypotheses with Geographic Theory• Once your hypotheses have been written you

must explain why you have made this prediction using geographic theory.

• Use text books, your notes and the internet to enhance this section.

• Diagrams and maps should be included in this part.

• This could be one or two pages in length when completed properly.

Terms and models to consider

• Bid-rent theory• Distance decay• Burgess’s Concentric Model• Hoy’t Sector Model• Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model

Methods of data collectionEach group will be assigned one TRANSECT which will begin in

Place Saint Martin.Groups will walk along there assigned route and collect data

along the way.Photos of students collecting data, and of different parts of the

town should be taken.

Transect Map• Students need to draw a sketch map of the route

to show every building or land use. • Use the Functional Score Sheet (see next slide) to

assign a value to each building. • You may decide to concentrate on one side of the

street on the walk out of town, and the other on the route back (or not).

• Ensure you show corners and intersections on your map.

• Number your pages, and make it legible• See example map.

Function Functional Score   Function Functional Score

Residential 0 Jewellery Shop 6

    Florist 6

Petrol Station 1 Laundry 6

Cafe/ Tabac 1 Travel Agent 6

    Wine Shop 6

Church 2 Insurance 6

Butcher 2 Secondary School 6

Baker 2 Small Supermarket 6

Newsagent 2 Camera shop 6

Mairie 2    

    Furniture 7

Primary School 3 Office Supplies 7

Car Dealer 3 Hotel (chain) 7

Police Station 3 Frozen Food 7

Fire Station 3 Opticians 7

Take Away 3 Sports Shop 7

Fruit and Veg 3 Electrical Shop 7

    Betting Shop 7

Chemist 4    

Fishmonger 4 Museum 8

Estate Agent 4 Library 8

Hardware/ DIY 4 Job Centre 8

Antique/ 2nd Hand 4 Art Shop 8

Clothing 4 Photographers 8

       

Book Shop 5 Hospital 9

Pet Shop 5 Vets Surgery 9

Shoe Shop 5 Large Supermarket 9

Bank 5 Specialist DIY 9

Craft/Gift Shop 5    

Deli/Health Shop 5 Department Store 10

Hotel (local) 5 Hypermarket 10

The list outlines the main services and retail functions that a small town in Switzerland may offer. Each function has been assigned a value, its functional score. This value is based upon the theoretical threshold population required to sustain a particular service.

Rue de la Gare

Rue

de la

Com

be

7

7

4

Urban Characteristics Sampling Method• Starting at the Place St. Martin, complete the

Survey sheet(next slide), for each of the variables indicated.

• Decide upon a set sampling interval in your group. – Every 50 meters (use map to measure)– Every 50 paces– Every 10 buildings?– 50 metre concentric circles?

Sample

Point

Distance in paces/ metres

Number of

storeys

Vehicle Restrictio

ns

Traffic Safety

Pedestrian Count

(per minute)

1 0        

2          

3          

4          

5          

6          

7          

8          

9          

10