DefinitionsDefinitionsHealth:

A state of complete physical, mental, and psychological wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease

So, health is difficult to be measured and difficult to be achieved

Health is interaction of heredityEnvironmentBehavior

Occupation:Work one does to earn his bread

Industrial medicine:Specialty of medicine dealing with diseases arising from and in the course of working in industrial settings

Occupational medicineSpecialty of medicine dealing with diseases arising from and in the course of working in any occupation(any job not limited to industry)

Occupational health:Is a promotion and maintenance of highest standard of physical, mental, social wellbeing of the workers in all occupationsIt includes all activities of preventive and curative medicine

Occupational disease:

Medically: diseases arising from and in the course of occupation (with exception of malignant diseases)

Legally: one of the diseases specified in the list of occupational diseases.

Occupational hygiene:Is applied science concerned with

identification ,measurement and appraisal of risk and control acceptable standards of

physical ,chemical and biological factors arising in or from workplace which may affect health of

those at work or in the community.

Occupational health

Characteristics:

Importance of preventionSite of practiceGroup-centered practiceKnowledge of other sciences and specialtiesEthical issues Medico legal issues

Goals: Promotion Prevention of diseases and accidents(

Treatment Rehabilitation

1(Promotion

Health education ,Nutrition ,

social service ,psychological support

2(Prevention:Fitting the worker to the work: byProper selection (PEE: pre employment examination)TrainingTransferPersonal protectionPME: periodic medical examination

Fitting the work to the worker:Proper work environment :

Ventilation Lighting

Safe work environmentPhysicallyChemicallyBiologicallySocially

Ergonomic designingVaccination

3(Curative

On site primary care servicesSecondary and tertiary care through referral

Occupational health team:

Physician) Workers(

Industrial hygienist Safety engineer)Work environment) (Machine(

Physician responsibilities:Team leader

Knowledge of work environmentPreplacement examination and periodic medical examination

Treatment, education, rehabilitationResearch

Hygienist responsibilities:Identification of material used and byproducts (MSDS)Measurements of these materialsControl and nature of protective equipment

Safety engineer:Reducing accidents

Types of hazards affecting workers health

Physical: chemicals: Biological: Ergonomic:

Noise dusts insects Posture

Vibration fumes moulds movementRadiation fibers yeasts monotony

heat and cold mists bacteria illuminationpressure gases and vapors viruses and fungi unsocial hours

Environmental measurements: Isolation:

SegregationRemoval at sourceVentilation

Good housekeepingSubstitutionenclosureMonitoring

Medical measures:PEEPMESpecific examinationPersonal measures:

Health educationPersonal protective equipmentScreeningOrganizational measures

Impairment: loss of function of an organ or part of the body(anatomically and physiologically)

compared to what previously existed

Disability: is the impact of impairment in work functions

Handicapping: is the impact of impairment in the social life

Total disability: inability to do work due to a medical condition

Partial disability: ability to do work but with limitations

Temporary disability: when resolution of disability is expected

Permanent disability: when a significant improvement is expected, or when the condition

is not changed over one year

Impairment not necessary cause disability

Dust : solid particles generated by handling crushing and grinding

Fumes : solid particles generated by condensation from gaseoa to liquid state

Mists: suspended liquids generated by condensation from gaseous to liquid state or by

dispersion of a liquid

Vapours: gaseous form of substances that are normally in solid or liquid state and can be

changed to their states by increase pressure or decrease tempreture

GasesSmoke ,AerosolsParticulatesfibers