Definition&Cultural Views of Plagiarism

Penny ZhuHyun-Woo LeeXun ZhangZheming Yuan

Michigan state university

Definition

Why plagiarism is wrong?

Cultural views

Conclusion

Overview

Definition of plagiarism: Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as "the wrongful appropriation, close imitation, or purloining and publication, of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions, and the representation of them as one's own original work"

Definition

Plagiarize:

1. to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own

2. use another’s production without crediting the source to commit literary theft: present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

Plagiarism under academic environment:

Academic plagiarism has become the most common and serious problem in colleges and universities all over the world.  Students, whom are caught cheating, can be given warnings, bad grades or even expelled out of school. Today, information is flowing freely and with ease through the Internet. Having this option would make students think more about cheating.

1.Most academicians are the opinion that this form of plagiarism transpires when a writer recurrently uses the exact words and phrases from the work of someone else and passes it off as his own without any reference to the original work or source.  2. Mixing of paragraphs from different sources or from different pages of the same source or even skipping some lines and joining  the phrases, thus presenting the end result in such a discreet way as though it was an original piece of work.

3. In some instances the beginning statements may be taken from a book going on to some other manuscript and quoting examples if required from a third source.This form of academic plagiarism is found mostly in technical, scientific reports and papers submitted by students of Science and Engineering. For instance:

“The use of a lubricant serves several purposes: (a) to make motion between mechanical parts possible, (b) to reduce the wear and tear of these parts and (c) to reduce friction between these parts. The fluid flow in the usual lubrication process is of the laminar or viscous type. The speeds may be high but the channels dimensions in current practice are so small that the Reynolds numbers are low.”Even after careful reading and scrutiny of the above plagiarized passage it is very difficult to judge that the sentences are taken from different sources to form the complete paragraph.

4. Another form of Academic plagiarism occurs when a complete article is taken from some book or research paper of an author or person, some sentences are changed, a few words added or subtracted here and there, but most phrases and complete sentences are copied entirely. example:

“Looking at the building on a bright September morning, I couldn’t help thinking that if the Tatar’s architects and masons had built in his honor, they would have lost their heads. “If you want to judge our strength, look at our monuments”, Tamer had said. (Original) “Viewing the building on that sunny September morning, it left one wondering if the Tatars architects and masons had built in his honor, they would have had their heads cut off. If you want to judge our strength, look at our monuments.” Tamer had said. (Plagiarized version)

5.Although in some plagiarized academic work the real author or book is acknowledged, but in spite of this the original work or text is reproduced with a few changes without using any quotations marks or foot notes.  6.Another technique which is used in Academic plagiarism is that quite often lengthy arguments and paragraphs are abridged. 7.Sometimes a deliberate attempt is made to change the appearance but not the contents of the sentences. In this way it seems that the plagiarized article is less noticeable.

While plagiarism is condemned in academia and journalism, in the arts is often a major part of the creative process. An prominent example is music, where musical plagiarism and musical quotation, are widely accepted as standard practices. Prominent avant-garde composer John Zorn explained that the composition process of each of his pieces is based on the plagiarism from multiple sources that are patched together and transposed into his own aesthetic criteria.

1. It is a form of theft. By taking the ideas and words of others and pretending they are your own, you are stealing someone else’s intellectual property.

2. plagiarizer subsequently benefits from this theft.

3. A degree is evidence of its holder’s abilities and knowledge. If someone gains employment on the basis of a qualification they have not earned, they may be a risk to others.

Why plagiarism is wrong? [1]

First case, If a student is caught in the act and it is proved that his work is plagiarized he is often expelled from his institution of learning.

Second case, if a student plagiarizes a whole paper, they get an F for the semester. If it's just a major portion, the student get an F for the quarter. [3]

What’s the punishment? [2]

Even if the student is not expelled permanently, all colleges have the right to include details about the student’s academic history on transcripts. These transcripts will eventually go to future employers and will haunt the student for the rest of his or her life. [4]

What’s the punishment? [2]

Level 1 Example : Student A turned in an assignment with phrases that the professor found suspicious. When the professor searched online for the phrases that the student used, the professor was able to locate the source of the phrases. The student failed to cite the source for this information. This is an act of plagiarism. Plagiarism is taking credit for the work of others. [6]

Examples

Level 2 Example: Student D turned in a set of annotations for a project. However, the student’s annotations were, in fact, direct, unaccredited quotations from print and Internet sources. This is plagiarism, or taking credit for the words or ideas of other people. [6]

Examples

Level 3 Example: Student D, from the Level 2 example given above, committed a second act of plagiarism. In a different class, Student D plagiarized portions of an annotated bibliography that she was to prepare for a term paper. The bibliography was worth 10% of the course grade. [6]

Examples

Level 4 Example: Student F, a graduate student, plagiarized major portions a final paper. His sanction was a two-semester suspension and a grade of “F” in the course. [6]

Examples

Level 5 Example: Students G and H were discovered copying from one another during an exam. Both students failed the course and were suspended for two semesters. [6]

Examples

[1]http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/plagiarism/pintro.html [2]http://www.termpaperscorner.com/articles/

plagiarism.html [3]http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0511/p14s01-lire.html [4]http://www.kstate.edu/honor/students/

plagiarismexample.html [5]http://www.articlemyriad.com/30.htm [6]http://academicintegrity.rutgers.edu/casehistories.shtml

References

The essence of divergent cultural views of plagiarism

1. The hasty generalization of ethical explanation

1) Moral effect (1) Approaching way

(2) Definition of ethic2) Problem cannot be solved

(1) Culture plagiarism3) My approach way on this issue

(1) Brain structure & Learning process (2) Psychology analysis (3) Theory application

2. The learning process

1) Our brain (1) evolution

(2) The triune brain [1]

2) The reptile reaction (1) mimic and simulation

3. Interest and selfishness1) Our nature (1) Selfishness

(2) Pursuit of interests

2) Symbiosis (1) Baby’s consciousness (2) Lost control

4. The fallacy of our mind1) Plagiarism is reasonable under some circumstances (1) National defenses technology

2) The deficiency in evaluation (1) Nobel prize (2) Justice

5.Different cultural views of plagiarism1) American

American academic systems are inclined to find plagiarism before acceptable borrowing.[3]

2) ChineseObey the rules which are made by Western education system, but not so strict.

3) Korean Ninety-one percent of the professors and 64

percent of students identified Korean students as not able to be pragmatic, critical or direct in their reasoning style.[2]

4) ArabPlagiarism is a crime, is cheating.[4]

Reference[1]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Triune_brain[2]http://findarticles.com/p/articles/

mi_m0FCR/is_2_40/ai_n26906068/pg_7/?tag=content;col1

[3]http://law.marquette.edu/lawreview/fall2008/Stone-Final.pdf

[4]http://www.aou.edu.jo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28&Itemid=34

ConclusionDefinition Plagiarism----Dictionary

steal use another’s

production to build a new one

Plagiarism under environment

Become common Internet helps cheating

Form of plagiarism 1.copy exact words and phrases 2.mixing paragraphs from different

sources 3.copy beginning statement 4.change sentences or words 5.reproduce without reference 6.abridge lengthy article 7.change appearance but not the content

Stupid!

Pirate

Good methods!

Give me the reason!

Why plagiarism is wrong?

1. Form of theft2. Plagiarizer can benefit from

it3. Plagiarizer will be a risk to

others

be expelledPunishment get “F”

The bad transcripts will appear the plagiarizer’s rest of life.

Cultural viewsBrain structure

Psychology analysis

Cultural views

Thank you!