Definition: the cell is the basic unit of life. Cells allow us
to eat, breathe, grow, reproduce and eliminate waste. Cell
components visible under the microscope: Cell membrane Cytoplasm
Nucleus 1. The CELL
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Cell Organelles
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Cell Component (Organelle)Function MitochondriaProduces an
energy molecule (ATP) through cellular respiration Golgi Apparatus
(Body)Stores and transports material within and outside of the cell
Endoplasmic ReticulumModifies proteins and lipids and transports
material RibosomeBuilds proteins (chains of amino acids)
LysosomeBreaks down and recycles molecules NucleusContains and
protects DNA (genetic material) CytoplasmGelatinous material that
establishes an environment that is hospitable for cellular activity
CytosolIntracellular fluid made of dissolved substances in water
Cellular MembraneProtects the cell and allows movement across its
barrier Nuclear MembraneBarrier around the nucleus, allows
exchanges with the rest of the cell
http://mrbrowns5thgrade.com/Cell%20quiz.html
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Genetic material, DNA, is found inside the nucleus. It contains
all the information needed to manufacture proteins that have
specific tasks to carry out. Inside the Nucleus
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What is DNA? DNA is divided into segments called genes which
can be found on chromosomes. DNA molecules carry the code that
controls what your cells are made of and what they do. DNA stands
for deoxyribonucleic acid. Each chromosome is a very long molecule
of tightly coiled DNA.
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The nucleus of a human cell contains about 25 000 genes. This
complete set of genes is called the GENOME.
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What are chromosomes? Chromosomes are long strands of genetic
information located in the nuclei of cells. Chromosomes are most
visible during cell division when they replicate and look like this
You will see chromosomes represented both ways.
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A single DNA molecule will contain thousands of genes. The
genes present will determine which proteins a cell will
manufacture.
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Structure of DNA
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DNA and base pairs Each step in the helix consists of a pair of
building blocks called nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of a
deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen-containing base.
There are 4 bases (A,T,G,C). These bases always pair together in
the same way. How do you think the four bases pair up? The four
bases are: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine.
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DNA and base pairs Base pairs hold the two strands of the DNA
helix together. The rules for base pairing are A always pairs with
T C always pairs with G