INDEX

Ablation, glacial marine, 280, 390Abyssal circulation, Bellingshausen Basin, 380Abyssal hills, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 220Abyssal current-controlled sedimentation, 381, 382,

384Acoustic basement, Bellingshausen Basin, 275

compressional wave velocities of, 276Acoustic character, continental rise, 105

as affected by ice-rafting, 299Acoustic impedance measurements, techniques of, 234Acoustic provinces, relationship of Leg 35 sites to, 5Acoustic signature as used to define acoustic provinces,

204Acoustic stratigraphy, Antarctic region, 6Acoustic units, Site 323, 11Actinocyclus ingens Zone, 140, 534, 610Adelaide Island, 279Age of oceanic basement, 727Age of crust, Leg 35 sites, 12, 329, 332Aleuritic fractions, mineralogy of, 305Alexander Island, 279, 378, 379Algal cysts (Bolboforma), 712Alteration, basalt, 328, 736

Site 322, 436Site 323, 436

Alteration of volcanics (submarine), 465Alteration products, basalt, 405

low temperature, 500Alteration reactions, basalt, 509Alteration, relationship to O18 depletion, 510Aluk plate, 270

subduction under Antarctic Peninsula, 285Aluk Ridge, 197, 222, 224, 270, 276Analytical techniques, basalt, 328

mineralogy of sediments, 489Ancient water depths, 734Andean Intrusive Series, 379Andean Orogeny, 298Andes Mountains, 5Anellus californicus Zone, 621Antarctic, acoustic stratigraphy, 6

biostratigraphy, 9Bottom Water (ABW), 394, 614Circumpolar Current, 6, 28, 73, 157, 219, 220, 360,

380, 385, 724, 734, 738, 757climate, Miocene, 79

fluctuations of, 739continental margin, paleoenvironments of, 11

tectonic pattern, 286Continental Rise, 199

channels, 285description of, 284drilling results, 11paleoclimates, 535Site 324, 127Site 325, 157

Continental Shelf, 198channels, 281

geomorphology of, 280U-shaped glacial valleys, 198

Continental Slope, description of, 198submarine canyons, 199

contour currents, 8convergence, 757, 763, 764

phytoplankton abundance north of, 763Cretaceous history of, 736

Crustal plate, 263currents, 734

divergence, 757, 764environment, Miocene, 79, 395, 738

Oligocene, 394Paleocene, 394Paleogene, 737Pleistocene, 395Pliocene-Pleistocene, 395, 739Quaternary, 739

glaciation, 12, 28, 546, 735geomorphology, effect of sea-floor spreading on, 285

effect of climate on, 285Inner Shield, geomorphology of, 280mountains, 286orogenic cycles, 5Outer Shelf, geomorphology of, 281paleocirculation, 6Peninsula, 273, 285, 298

morphology of, 279plate, 11Polar Front, 605, 731productivity patterns, 6sediments, heavy mineral source, 298surface water temperatures, 734volcanism, 273

Antarctica, coastal configuration, 279continental glaciation, 28, 64glacial erosion of, 279glacial models, 390, 391glaciation of, 8, 28, 64, 379paleoclimate, 9regional geology of, 5

Antarctissa conradae Zone, 78, 532, 570, 571Antarctissa denticula Zone, 136, 140, 376, 534, 569, 572Actinocyclus ingens Partial-Range Zone, 139, 673Anvers Island, 279Arachinoidiscus schmidti, new diatom species, 827Archaeosphaeridium armatum, new diatom species, 830Asterolampra schmidtii, new diatom species, 827Auliscus gleser, new diatom species, 827Authigenic calcite, 366

source of carbon in, 502Authigenic carbonate, precipitation of, 502

O18 values of, 497Awamoan Stage, 542Bach Ice Shelf, 279Basal sediments, diagenesis of, 517Basalt, alteration of, 328, 736

alteration products, 405

919

analytical techniques, 328density, 335diagenesis of, 514elastic constants, 335halmyrolysis of, 12low-temperature alteration of, 502mode of emplacement, 327oxygen isotopic compositions, 497, 502Peter I Island, 349pillow, 327potassium enrichment of, 736potassium-argon ages, 730sediment contact, 327seismic velocities, 335Site 322, 35, 330, 331, 332, 333, 339, 405, 502, 518,

729alteration of, 436

Site 323, alteration of, 436chemistry of, 333petrography of, 332

solidification index, 333submarine alteration of, 518, 730

Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 219abyssal hills, 220description of, 199drilling results, 9fracture zones, 220geomorphology of, 285paleocurrents, 535paleoenvironments, 535, 544sediment distribution, 200sediment ponds on, 199Site 322, 25Site 323, 63

Bellingshausen Basin, abyssal circulation, 380acoustic basement, 275bathymetry of, 197crustal evolution of, 197

subduction of, 203, 219geophysical survey, 251layer 2A, 204lower continental rise, 218nepheloid layer, 217paleosedimentation patterns, 220physiographic provinces of, 197sediment body, 197, 285sediment dunes, 207sonobuoy measurements, 203

Benthonic foraminifera, 542, 543Biogenic calcite, remobilization of, 234Biogenic opal, accumulation of, 449Biogenic sediments, 386Biogenic silica, remobilization of, 234Biometrical studies, 757Biostratigraphy, high latitude, 9, 135, 167

Leg 35 sediments, 12method, 16

Biscoe Island, 279Bogorovia veniamini Zone, 621, 629

defined, 625Bolboforma, 534, 712

correlation of Leg 35 material to other regions, 714morphology of, 712

Site 325, 168systematic position of, 712systematics, 713

Bottom circulation, development in southeast Pacific,385

Bottom current activity, 12, 256, 391, 395, 734dune development as a result of, 216relationship to intensity of climatic deterioration,

394Bottom sediment distribution of CaCθ3, 447

CaO, 447major elements, 447MgO, 447

Bottom water, potential temperature of, 380Bouma Sequence, 386Braided turbidite channels, 399Bransfield Strait, 287

seismic reflection data from, 283Bulk density measurements, techniques of, 230Burrowing, 364, 366, 371, 382

Zoophycos, 69, 366Carbon, distribution of, 447CaCθ3, distribution in bottom sediments, 447Calcareous sediments, distribution of, 386Calcisphaerulids,

new species,Pithonella bolli, 701P. antarctica, 702P. fusiformis, 712P. titanoplax, 701

Site 323, 78Systematics, 701

Calcite, authigenic, source of carbon in, 502Calcite, isotope equilibrium with pore waters, 502Calcite veins, model of genesis, 502

carbon isotopic composition of, 504Calocyclas disparidens Zone, 79, 571Canyon Series, 309CaO, distribution of in bottom sediments, 447Cape Ingrid, 344Carbon and carbonate analyses, 201, 757Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car-

bonates, 501of calcite veins, 504

Carbon, source of in authigenic calcites, 502Carbon 13 values of carbonate vein fillings in basalt,

497Carbonate compensation depth, 535, 734, 738

fluctuation of, 71Site 322, 386Site 323, 539Southeast Pacific Basin, 447

Carbonate, authigenic, precipitation of, 502Carbonate, carbon and oxygen isotopic composition

of, 501, 502in Leg 35 sediments, 501as a vein filling in basalt, 497, 502

Celadonite, submarine alteration product of basalt, 518Central Continental Rise, postdepositional faulting of,

218Cerataulina praebergonii, new diatom species, 828Cerataulina pacificus, new diatom species, 828Channel axis migration, 105

920

Channels, Antarctic Continental Rise, 285Antarctic Continental Shelf, 281

Charcot Cone, 285Charcot Island, 279Chemical composition of interstitial waters, techniques,

408Site 322, 412Site 323, 415Site 324, 418Site 325, 420

Chemical studies of sediments, techniques, 471Chemistry, basalt, 331, 333

interstitial water, 12, 412, 415, 418, 420sediments, 403, 404, 467

Cherts, 362Site 323, 364oxygen isotope values in, 498

Chiasmolithus danicus Zone, 53, 78, 539, 559, 701Chile Ridge, 5, 263, 266, 276, 329Chile Trench, 203, 266Chilled margins, 328Chlorinity, interstitial water, 425Chlorite, 480Circum-Antarctic sedimentation, model of,Circumpolar Counter Current, 732Circumpolar Current, 64, 730Circumpolar Deep Water (CPDW), 614Clay mineralogy, relationship to O18 values, 493

Site 322, 483Site 323, 480, 493Site 324, 484

Clay minerals, composition of in hydrothermallyaltered sediments, 479

Clay veins, oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of,504

Claystone, pelagic, 386Site 323, 518silicified, 497

Climate deterioration, relationship to bottom currentintensity, 394

Climate, effect on Antarctic geomorphology, 285fluctuations, 739

Clinopyroxene, description of, 333Collosphaerids, 571Compressional wave velocities, acoustic basement, 276Conglomerates, 373Continental glaciation, Antarctica, 8, 28, 64, 379, 390,

391Continental Rise, acoustic character of, 105Contour currents, 8, 32, 41, 380, 385, 735Contourites, 164, 382, 384, 386, 732

Site 323, 73Site 324, 132

Corbisema disymmetrica communis, new silicoflagellatesubspecies, 891

C. disymmetrica angulata, new silicoflagellate sub-species, 891

Corbisema falklandensis, new silicoflagellate species,891

C. glezarae, new silicoflagellate species, 892C. hastata curricula, new silicoflagellate subspecies,

892C. hastata Zone, defined, 885

C. inermis crenulata, new silicoflagellate subspecies,892

C. neoparallela, new silicoflagellate species, 893C. tricantha Zone, 532, 674

defined, 673C. hastata globulata, new silicoflagellate sub-species,

892Core descriptions, method of preparing, 16Coriolis forces in the southern hemisphere, 105Coscinodiscus deformans, new diatom species, 630

C. elliptopora/Actinocyclus ingens ConcurrentRange Zone, 139, 610

C. insignis Partial-Range Zone, 610C. lewisianus Partial-Range Zone, defined, 609C. lewisianus Zone, 617C. marginatus Zone, 621C. spiralis, new diatom species, 826C. vigilans-Crespedodiscus coscinodiscus Zone, 629C. yabei Zone, 608, 618

Cosmiodiscus insignis Partial-Range Zone, 139, 140,610Cretaceous history, Antarctic region, 736Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 78Cross-bedding, 371Cruciplacolithus tenuis Zone, 53, 78, 539, 559, 694, 701Crust, age of, 12, 77Crustal evolution, models for, 271

subduction, Bellingshausen Basin, 203Current reworking, 382Currents, 256, 730

See also: specific current nameCussia paleacea Zone, 621Dalgliesh Bay, 379Deception Island, 279, 379Density, basalt, 335Denticula antarctica Partial-Range Zone, 621

D. antarctica-Coscinodiscus lewisianus Zone, 79, 530,608, 621

D. antarctica-denticula lauta Zone, 621D. dimorpha Partial-Range Zone, 619D. hustedtii Zone, 79, 519, 607, 608, 617, 618D. hustedtii-Denticula lauta Zone, 530, 608, 617, 618,

621D. lauta Partial-Range Zone, defined, 621D. lauta-kozloviella edita Zone, 621D. nicobarica Zone, 617, 621, 625D. nicobarica-Cussia paleacea Zone, 621D. nicobarica-Denticula antarctica Zone, 625

Diagenesis of basal sediments, 514, 517basalt, 514sediments, 421

Diagenetic processes, sediments, 9effect of intrastratal solution on, 292

Diagenetic products, basalt weathering, 519Diagenetic reactions in sediments, isotopic changes,

509Diatoms,

Antarctic distribution of, 757, 758new Species,

Arachinoidiscus schmidtii, 827Archaeosphaeridium armatum, 830Asterolampra schmidtii, 827Auliscus gleser, 827Cerataulina praebergonii, 828

921

Cerataulus pacißcus, 828Coscinodiscus spiralis, 826C. deformans, 630Hemiaulus incisus, 829Nitzchia denticuloides, 633Zλ donahuensis, 633Zλ efferans, 633Zλ evenescens, 633Zλ grossepunctata, 633Zλ januaria, 634Zλ maleinterpretaria, 634Zλ pusilla, 634Pararchaeomonas decorata, 830Pseudopodosira marginata, 824Rhizosolenia interposita, 837/?. minima, 635/?. oligocaenica, 635Rouxia elongata, 635/?. isopolica, 635/?. oligocaenica, 636Stephanopyxis eocaenica, 824S1. hyalomarginata, 8245. inordinata, 8255. longispinosa, 82551. oamaruensis, 825S1. oligocaenica, 8255*. subantarctica, 825Synedra miocenica, 636Thalassiosira spinosa, 636r. spumellaroides, 636Thalassiothrix primitiva, 637

Systematics, 629, 819Zonation,

Actinocyclas ingens Zone, 545, 610Anellus californicus Zone, 621Bogorovia veniamini Zone, 621, 625, 627, 629Coscinodiscus elliptopora/actinocyclas Con-

current Range Zone, 610Coscinodiscus insignis Partial-Range Zone, 610C. lentigenosus Partial-Range Zone, 137, 609C lewisianus Partial-Range Zone (defined), 621C. lewisianus Zone, 617C. marginatus Zone, 621C. vigilans-Craspedodiscus Zone, 629C. j>αfc?/, 608, 617, 618Cosmiodiscus insignis, 140, 610Cussia palecea Zone, 621Denticula antarctica Partial-Range Zone, 621Zλ antarctica-Coscinodiscus lewisianus Zone, 608,

621Zλ antarctica-Denticula lauta Zone, 621Zλ dimorpha Partial-Range Zone (defined), 619Zλ dimorpha Zone, 617Zλ hustedtii, 79, 531, 532, 607, 608, 618Zλ hustedtii-Denticula lauta Zone, 532, 608, 617,

618, 621D. lauta Partial-Range Zone (defined), 621D. lauta Zone, 617D. lauta-Denticula antarctica Zone, 621D. lauta-Kozloviella edita Zone, 621D. nicobarica Partial-Range Zone, 625

defined, 621

D. nicobarica Zone, 617, 621, 625D. nicobarica-Cussia paleacea Zone, 621D. nicobarica-Denticula antarctica Zone, 625Fragilariopsis kerguelensis Zone, 137, 609Hemidiscus karstenii Partial-Range Zone

(defined), 618H. karstenii Zone, 608Nitzchia interfrigidaria Zone, 39, 42, 79, 531, 532,

607, 608TV. interfrigidaria Partial-Range Zone, 170, 614N. kerguelensis Zone, 137, 609N. malinterpretaria Partial-Range Zone (defined),

625N. praeinterfrigidaria Zone, 39, 79, 531, 532, 607,

608N. praeinterfrigidaria Partial-Range Zone, 614N. pusilla Partial-Range Zone (defined), 625NPD Zone IX, 607NPD Zone XVII/XVIII, 608NPD Zone XIX, 621NPD Zone XX, 621NPD Zone XX-XXII, 82, 608NPD Zone XXI, 621NPD Zone XII, 608NPD Zone XXIII, 621, 625Pyxilla prolongata Zone, 617

species Partial-Range Zone, 629Raphidodiscus marylandicus Partial-Range Zone,

625Rhizosolenia barboi-Nitzchia kerguelensis Zone,

617Rouxia californica Partial-Range Zone, 137, 610R. californica Zone, 140Thalassiosira spumellaroides Partial-Range Zone

(defined), 625T. spinosa Partial-Range Zone (defined), 625

Dictyocha aculeata Zone (defined), 887D. aspera Zone (defined), 673D. deflandrei Zone (defined), 885D. fibula augusta, new silicoflagellate species, 893D. fibula Zone, 532, 673D. mutabilis Zone, 532D. precarensis, new silicoflagellate species, 679

Dictyoccites antarcticus, new nannofossil species, 561Differentiation index, defined, 328Discoaster multiradiatus Zone, 889DiscoasterIChiasmolithus Ratio, 889Distephanus boliviensis boliviensis Zone, defined, 886

D. boliviensis Zone, 136, 140, 170, 532, 675, 676D. longispinus Zone, defined, 673D. raupii, new silicoflagellate species, 895D. speculum speculum Zone, defined, 886D. speculum Zone, 693

Diversity index, 763Drake Passage, 197, 217, 223, 263, 285, 329, 731

anomalies, 266description of, 285

Drilling objectives, Leg 35, 5Drilling operations, 28, 66, 128, 163Drilling results, 9, 10, 11Dunes, 105

development of as a result of bottom currents, 216

922

Dustin Island, 378Early/middle Miocene boundary, defined, 617East Wind Drift, 379Edsel Ford Ranges, 379Eights Coast, 299, 378, 730Elastic constants, basalts, 335Ellsworth anomalies, 268, 738Ellsworth Land, Jurassic intrusives on, 379Eltanin Fracture Zone, 10, 63, 197, 203, 222, 223, 266Eocene-Oligocene boundary, 819Eucampia balaustium, distribution of, 766Faulting, central continental rise, 218Fe/Al ratio in sediments, 429Fe2U3, distribution of, 449Foraminifera,

Bellingshausen region, ecological interpretation, 544benthonic, 540, 542, 543Miocene, 542Paleocene (Danian), 542Plio-Pleistocene, 541Site 322, 37Site 323, 78Site 324, 135, 541Site 325, 168, 541Zonation,

Globigerina edita Zone, 53, 78, 539, 541, 542, 701G. eugubina Zone, 53, 78, 541, 542G. woodi connecta Zone, 534, 541, 542Globigerinoides trilobus trilobus Zone, 534, 541,

542Globoconcus daubjergensis-Globo rot alia

pseudobulloides Zone, 541, 542Globorotalia pseudobulloides Zone, 53, 541

Zone N6, 168, 170, 542Zone N6-N7, 539Zone N7, 168, 170, 542Zone N9, 82Zone N10, 82, 532Zone N18, 607

Foreset bedding, 371Fracture zones, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 220Fragilariopsis kerguelensis Zone, 137, 609Gelifraction, 280Geochemistry, igneous rocks, 77

interstitial water, 74, 76sediments, 34, 73, 132, 427, 432, 435

Geologic history of Antarctic region, 736Geologic setting, Site 322, 25

Site 323, 64Site 324, 127Site 325, 157

Geology, Antarctica regional, 5Geomorphology, Antarctic Continental Slope and

Rise, 283Antarctic Inner Shield, 280Antarctic Outer Shelf, 280, 281Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 285effect of sea-floor spreading and climate on, 285

Geophysical survey, Bellingshausen Basin, 251George IV Sound, 298Glacial marine ablation, 279, 280

deposition, 280Glacial pulse, early Pliocene, 206

Glaciation, Antarctic, 8, 12, 546, 735continental, 28, 64, 390, 391Miocene, 294sedimentary model, 732

Glaciation intensity, relationship to ice rafting, 394Glaciomarine sediments, 127Globigerina edita Zone, 53, 78, 539, 541, 542, 701

G. eugubina Zone, 53, 78, 541, 542Globigerinoides trilobus trilobus Zone, 534, 541, 542Globoconcus daubjergensis-Globorotalia pseudobulloides

Zone, 541, 542Globorotalia pseudobulloides Zone, 53, 541Gondwanaland, 5, 736

fragmentation of, chronology, 736Graded bedding, 371Graham Coast, 298Grain density measurements, methods of, 233Grain size of sediments, 301, 303, 305, 378, 384Grain size, method of analyses, 22GRAPE measurements, methods of, 229Grounded ice, 391Halmyrolysis, 329, 500Handling of cores, method of, 16Heave compensator, effect on recovery, 13Heavy minerals, method of analysis, 291

Site 322, 292Site 323, 293Site 324, 294Site 325, 295source of in Antarctic sediments, 298

Helotholus vema Zone (Upsilon Zone), 38, 78, 168, 376,531, 532, 569, 570, 572

Hemiaulus caracteristicus, new diatom species, 828H. incisus, new diatom species, 829

Hemidiscus karstenii Partial-Range Zone, defined, 618H. karstenii Zone, 608

Hero Fracture Zone, 9, 197, 199, 266, 285, 727High-latitude biostratigraphy, 9Hopper crystals, 330Horizon R, 206, 218, 224Horizon S, 219, 226Hydrothermal alteration, 404, 432, 479Hyperbolated sea floors, 217Ice-rafted material, 11, 12, 30, 141, 163, 360, 371, 373,

407, 731, 732, 738effects on acoustic character of a sediment, 218

Ice-rafting, 12, 291rate of, 376relationship to intensity of glaciation, 394

Igneous rocks, geochemistry of, 12, 35, 77, 739petrography, 77

Illite/smectite ratios, 493Illite, stability of, 480Inclusions in trachyandesites, 352Interstitial water, chemistry of, 12, 432, 736

chlorinity, 425potassium content, 425procedures, 425Site 322, 74, 76, 404, 434Site 323, 76, 404, 513Site 324, 404Site 325, 404sodium content, 425

923

Interstitial water, Ois depletion of, 422Site 322, 412Site 323, 415Site 324, 418Site 325, 420

Intraplate volcanism, 274Instrastratal solution, effects of, 292

modification of mineral assemblages by, 299Iron enrichment of sediments, Site 322, 432, 437

Site 323, 431, 437Isotope analyses, analytical procedures, 497Isotopic changes, basalt, 509

Model A, 509Model B, 509

Jones Mountains, 5, 8, 127, 141, 730, 735, 739Jurassic intrusives, Ellsworth Land, 379K-Ar dating, See: Potassium-argon datingLamé's constant, 335Lassiter Coast, 379Latitudinal distribution, Antarctic diatoms, 758Laumontite, 471

description of, 472Layer 2, 266Layer 2A, 276

Bellingshausen Basin, 204Line Islands Oceanic Formation, 69, 389Lithologic descriptions, Site 322, 9, 29, 285

Site 323, 11, 66Site 324, 130Site 325, 163, 256

Lithology correlated with physical properties, 234with seismic profiles, 241, 244

Load casts, 385Louisville Ridge, 266Low-temperature, alteration, See: HalmyrolysisLynchnocanoma spongothorax, new Radiolaria species,

581Magnetic anomalies, 6, 266, 728

See also: Specific anomaly nameMagnetic lineations, 256, 263Magnetic mineral studies, 321Magnetic properties, 321Major element analyses, 427

bottom sediment distribution of, 447Manganese enrichment of sediments, 437Manganese nodules, 540, 541Marie Byrd Land, 273, 298

spreading center, 273Markalius astroporus Zone, 78Mesocena circulus Subzone, defined, 532, 886

M. diodon, defined, 673Mg/Al ratio in sediments, 429MgO, bottom sediment distribution of, 447Middle/upper Miocene boundary, defined, 617Mineralogical study of sediments, 403, 404, 465, 467,

471, 489Mineralogy of aleuritic fractions, 305, 309Minor element analyses, 427Miocene, Antarctic environment during, 79, 395, 738

glaciation, 294, 379MnO, distribution of, 449Model A, isotopic changes, 509Model B, isotopic changes, 509

Model of calcite vein genesis, 502Model of Circum-Antarctic sedimentation, 389Montmorillonite, stability of, 480Nannofossils, calcareous

biogeography and paleoclimatic implications, 559new species, Dictyococcites antarcticus, 561paleoclimatic implications, 559Site 322, 37Site 323, 78, 557, 693Site 324, 135Site 325, 168, 559, 694Site 329, 887Zonation,

Chiasmolithus danicus Zone (NP3), 53, 78, 559,560, 701

Cruciplacolithus tenuis Zone (NP2), 53, 78, 539,559, 560, 694, 701

Discoaster multiradiatus Zone, 889Discoaster/Chiasmolithus ratio, 889Markalius astroporus Zone, 78Zone NP9, 560Zone NP10 (early Eocene), 560Zone NP12, 560Zone NP18, 885Zone NP19, 885Zone NP22, 885

Naviculopsis biapiculata Zone, defined, 885N. constricta Zone, 887

defined, 885N. trispinosa Zone, defined, 885

Nepheloid layer, 384Bellingshausen Basin, 217

New species,Calcisphaerulids,

Pithonella antarctica, 702P. bollU 701P. fusiformis, 112P. titanoplax, 701

Diatoms,Arachinodiscus schmidtii, 827Archaeosphaeridium armatum, 830Asterolampra schmidtii, 827Auliscus gleser, 827Cerataulina praebergonii, 828Cerataulus pacißcus, 828Coscinodiscus deformans, 673C. spiralis, 826Hemiaulus caracteristicus, 828H. incisus, 829Nitzschia denticuloides, 633N. donahuensis, 633N. efferans, 633N. evenescens, 633N. grossepunctata, 633N. januaria, 634N. maleinterpretaria, 634N. pseudokerguelensis, 634N. pus ilia, 634Pararchaeomonas decorata, 830Pseudopodosira marginata, 824Rhizosolenia interposita, 827R. minima, 635R. oligocaenica, 635

924

Rouxia elongata, 635R. isopolica, 635R. oligocaenica, 636Stephanopyxis eocaenica, 824S. hyalomarginata, 824S. inordinata, 825S. longispinosa, 825S. oamaruensis, 82551. oligocaenica, 8255. subantarctica, 825Synedra miocenica, 636Thalassiosira spinosa, 636T. spumellaroides, 636Thalassiothrix primitiva, 631Triceraspyris coronatus, 580

Nannofossils,Dictyococcites antarcticus, 561

Radiolaria,Lynchnocanoma spongothorax, 581

Silicoflagellates,Corbisema falklandensis, 891C glezerae, 892C. inermis crenulata, 892C. neoparallela, 893Dictyocha precarentis, 894Distephanus raupii, 895

New subspecies,Silicoflagellates,

Corbisema disymmetrica angulata, 891C. disymmetica communis, 891C. hastata cunicula, 892C. hastata globata, 892Dictyocha fibula augusta, 893

Nitzschia denticuloides, new diatom species, 633JV. donahuensis, new diatom species, 633iV. efferans, new diatom species, 633N. evenescens, new diatom species, 633iV. grossepunctata, new diatom species, 42M interfrigidaria Partial-Range Zone, 170, 614TV. interfrigidaria Zone, 39, 79, 531, 532, 607JV. kerguelensis, variation and distribution of, 764TV. kerguelensis Zone, 609iV. maleinterpretaria Partial-Range Zone, defined,

625N. praeinterfrigidaria Zone, 39, 79, 531, 532, 608N. pseudokerguelensis, new diatom species, 634N. efferans, new diatom species, 633N. januaria, new diatom species, 634N. maleinterpretaria, new diatom species, 625, 634N. praeinterfrigidaria Partial-Range Zone, 614N. pusilla, new diatom species, 634N. pusilla Partial-Range Zone, defined, 625

NPD Zone IX, 607NPD Zone XIX, 621NPD Zone XVII/XVIII, 608NPD Zone XX, 608, 621NPD Zone XXI, 621NPD Zone XXII, 608NPD Zone XXIII, 621, 625NPD Zones XX-XXII, 82Nunataks, 279Oceanic basement, Site 323, 519

age of, 727

Oceanic plate, subduction of, 5Off-ridge volcanism, 37Oligocene, Antarctic environment, 394

regional unconformity,Oligocene-Paleocene stratigraphic hiatus, 86Olivine, described, 333Operations summary, Leg 35, 12Ophiolites, defined, 26Orogenic cycles, Antarctic region, 5Orosphaerids, 571Oxidation index, defined, 328Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of car-

bonates, 501Oxygen isotope composition, basalt, 502

carbonates, 502clay veins, 502sediments, 501siliceous sediments, 497vein calcites, 497, 502

Oxygen isotope material balance calculations, 507Oxygen 18 content of pore waters, Leg 35 sites, 509Oxygen 18 depletion in interstitial waters, 422Oxygen 18 values, authigenic carbonates, 497

basalt, 497siliceous sediments, 497

Oxygen 18/oxygen 16 ratios, 489Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, 197, 263, 276Paleobiogeography, 9Paleocene Antarctic environment, 394Paleocene-Miocene stratigraphic hiatus, 539Paleocirculation, Antarctic region,Paleoclimate, Antarctica, 9, 535Paleoclimatic implications, nannofossils, 559Paleocurrents, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 535Paleoecology, relationship to silicoflagellate size, 679Paleoenvironment, 734

Antarctic Continental Margin, 11Antarctic Continental Rise, 535Southeast Pacific Basin, 535

Paleogene history, Antarctic region, 737Paleomagnetic stratigraphy, 616Paleontologic summary, Leg 35, 531, 732

Site 322, 531Site 323, 531Site 324, 53Site 325, 534

Paleosedimentation patterns, Bellingshausen Basin, 220Palmer Cone, 285Palmer Fracture Zone, 727Palmer Ridge, 197, 199, 200, 224, 271, 279, 285

as a barrier to sedimentation, 200, 225description of, 268

Pangea, fragmentation of, 736Paradictyocha circulus Zone, 679

defined, 673Pararchaeomonas decorata, new diatom species, 830Patterned ground, 280Pelagic claystone, 386Peninsula anomalies, 266Peru Current, 886Peter I Island, 216, 341

basalts, 349petrochemistry of volcanic rocks, 354

925

structural geology of, 346trachyandesites, 351volcanic activity, 343

Petrography, basalt, 330, 332ice-rafted material, 378, 399

Phosphorus, distribution of, 449Phosphorus enrichment of sediments, 437Physical properties, method of measuring, 22, 408

correlation with lithology, 234correlation with seismic profiles, 241Site 322, 34, 234Site 323, 76, 235Site 324, 132, 237Site 325, 165, 238

Phytoplankton abundance north of AntarcticConvergence, 763

Pillow basalt, 327Pithonella antarctica, new calcisphaerulid species, 701

P. bollii, new calcisphaerulid species, 701P. fusiformis, new calcisphaerulid species, 712P. titanoplax, new calcisphaerulid species, 701

Plagioclase feldspar, described, 330, 333Pleistocene Antarctic environment, 395Pliocene Antarctic region, 739Pliocene-Pleistocene Antarctic environment, 395Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, defined, 617Poisson's Ratio, 335Polar front, northward migration of, 385Polar front zone, 379Ponded turbidites, 220Porcellanite, formation of, 477, 517

reaction series in the formation of, 517Porosity measurements, methods of, 233Postdepositional structures, 165, 386Potassium content of interstitial water, 425Potassium enrichment of basalts, 736Potassium-argon ages, basalt, 339, 730Potential bottom water temperature, 380Pourquoi Pas Island, 379Primary production, 757Productivity patterns, Antarctic region,Pseudopodosira marginata, new diatom species, 824Petrochemistry of volcanic rocks, Peter I Island,Pyxilla prolongata Zone, 617Pyxilla species Partial-Range Zone, 629Quartz grain surface textures, environmental indicator,

374Quaternary, Antarctic region, 739

sediment accumulation rates, 732Radiolaria

new species, Lynchnocanoma spongothorax, 581Site 322, 37, 570Site 323, 78, 570Site 324, 135, 571Site 325, 168, 572systematics, 573zonation,

Antarctissa conradae Zone, 78, 376, 532, 570, 571A. denticulata Zone, 136, 140, 569, 570Calocyclas disparidens Zone, 79, 571Collosphaerid, 571Heliolithus vema Zone (Upsilon Zone), 38, 78,

168, 170, 375, 376, 531, 569, 570, 572

Miocene zonation, 569Pleistocene zonation, 569Pliocene zonation, 569Saturnalis circularis Zone (Chi Zone), 136, 140,

522, 534, 569Spongomelissa dilli Zone, 79, 571S. dilli-Calocyclas disparidens Zone, 532Stylotractus universus Zone, 136, 569, 572Tau Zone, 376, 569, 570Theocalyptra bicornis spongothorax Zone, 168,

378, 534, 569, 573Raphidodiscus marylandicus Partial-Range Zone, 625Reaction series, formation of porcellanite, 517Regional geology, Antarctica, 5Reworking, diatoms, 614Rhizosolenia minima, new diatom species, 635

R. interposita, new diatom species, 827R. oligocaenica, new diatom species, 635R. barboi/Nitzschia kerguelensis Zone, 617

Rouxia californica Partial-Range Zone, 137, 610R. californica Zone, 140R. elongata, new diatom species, 635R. isopolica, new diatom species, 635R. oligocaenica, new diatom species, 636

Sandstone, 31Saponite, 473Saturnalis circularis (Chi Zone), 136, 140, 534, 569, 572Scotia Arc, 5, 25, 218Scotia series, 309Sea-floor spreading effect on geomorphology of Ant-

arctica, 285Seawater temperature, late Cenozoic fluctuations of,

734Sediment accumulation rates, 408, 531

Quaternary, 732Site 322, 39, 42, 361, 513, 732Site 323, 42, 82, 366, 371, 395, 411, 544, 732Site 324, 127, 139, 141, 673Site 325, 12, 70, 285, 373, 614

Sediment distribution, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain,200

Sediment dunes, 218Bellingshausen Basin, 207

Sediment ponds, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 199Sediment waves, 105Sedimentary deposits, Leg 35, 730Sedimentary processes, 12, 131Sedimentary structures, 371

cross-bedding,'371forset bedding, 371load casts, 385postdepositional, 386size grading, 371syndepositional, 386

Sedimentary model, glaciation of Antarctica, 732Seismic profiles

correlation with physical properties, 241Site 322, 34Site 323, 76Site 324, 134Site 325, 166

correlation with lithology,Site 322, 241

926

Site 323, 244Site 324, 244Site 325, 244

Seismic reflection data, Bransfield Strait, 283Seismic velocities, basalt, 335Shackleton Fracture Zone, 197, 266, 285Shelf channels, 281Si/Al ratio as related to basalt weathering, 516

of sediments, 427, 434Silica, distribution of, 447Siliceous microfossils, Sites 277-283, 817, 818Siliceous sediments, distribution of, 386

oxygen isotope compositions of, 497Silicoflagellates

New speciesCorbisema falklandensis, new species, 891C. glezerae, 892C. neoparallela, 893Dictyocha precarentis, 894Distephanus raupii, 895

New subspeciesCorbisema disymmetrica angulata, 891C. disymmetrica communis, 891C. hastata cunicula, 892C. inermis crenulata, 892C. hastata globulata, 892Dictyocha fibula augusta, 893

Site 322, 38, 673, 693Site 323, 673, 693Site 324, 136, 675Site 325, 170, 679Site 327, 887Site 328, 887Site 329, 887Site 331, 889size as related to paleoecological conditions, 679systematics, 679, 889Zonation, 673, 885

Actinocyclus ingens Zone, 140Corbisema triacantha Zone, 532, 674Dictyocha aculeata Zone, defined, 887D. aspera Zone, defined, 673D. deflandrei Zone, defined, 885D. fibula Zone, defined, 532D. mutabilis Zone, defined, 532, 675D. pseudofibula Zone, 679Distephanus boliviensis boliviensis Zone, defined,

886D. boliviensis Zone, 136, 140, 170, 532, 675, 679

defined, 673D. longispinus Zone, defined, 673D. speculum speculum Zone, defined, 886D. speculum Zone, 693Mesocena circulus Subzone, defined, 532, 886M. diodon Zone, defined, 673Naviculopsis biapiculata Zone, defined, 885N. constricta Zone, 885, 887N. trispinosa Zone, defined, 885Paradictyocha circulus Zone, 679

defined, 673Site 322, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 25

abyssal-current-controlled sedimentation, 381age of crust, 329

basalt, 330, 331, 405, 436, 514, 519, 729carbonate compensation depth, 386chemistry of sediments, 403, 467clay mineralogy of sediments, 483contour current activity, 32diagenesis of basal sediments, 514diatoms, 38, 605drilling operations, 9, 28forams, 540, 543geochemistry of sediments, 34, 432geologic setting, 25grain size of sediments, 301heavy minerals, 292igneous rocks, 35interstitial water, 404, 412, 434iron enrichment of sediments, 432, 437lithology, 9, 29, 241mineralogy of sediments, 305, 403, 437, 465, 485nannofossils, 37objectives, 28paleontologic summary, 531phosphorus enrichment of sediments, 437physical properties, 34, 234Radiolaria, 37, 570sandstones, 31sediment accumulation rates, 39, 42, 361, 513, 607,

732sediments, 360seismic profiles, 34Si/Al ratio of sediments, 434silicoflagellates, 38, 673, 693summary and conclusions, 39turbidity current activity, 31, 385volcanism, 274

Site 323, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 63abyssal-current-controlled sedimentation, 382acoustic units, 11authigenic calcite, 366basal sediments, diagenesis of, 517basalt, 332, 333, 436, 502, 518, 519bulk X-ray mineralogy of sediments, 489carbonate compensation depth, 539cherts, 364clay mineralogy, 480, 493claystone, 518contourites, 73Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 78crustal age, 77, 332depositional environment, 459diatom, 79, 673drilling operations, 19, 66foraminifera, 78, 541, 542, 543geochemistry of sediments, 73, 427geologic setting, 64grain size of sediments, 301heavy minerals, 293hydrothermal alteration of sediments, 432ice-rafted material, 362, 376igneous rocks, 77interstitial water chemistry, 74, 404, 415, 432, 510,

513iron enrichment of sediments, 431, 437lithologic units, 11, 66

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lithology correlated with seismic profiles, 244manganese enrichment of sediments, 437mineralogy of sediments, 305, 403, 485, 489nannofossils, 78, 557, 693objectives, 64oceanic basement, 519O18/O16 ratios, 489paleontologic summary, 531phosphorus enrichment of sediments, 437physical properties, 76, 235porcellanite, 517Radiolaria, 78, 570sediments, 362, 404sediment accumulation rates, 82, 386, 371, 395, 411,

513, 544, 732seismic profiles, 76silicoflagellates, 673, 693stratigraphic hiatus, 366, 384, 408, 541summary and conclusions, 82turbidite deposition, 385

Site 324, Antarctic Continental Rise, 127abyssal-current-controlled sedimentation, 127biostratigraphy, 135clay mineralogy of sediments, 484contourites, 132diatom, 137, 608drilling operations, 11, 128foraminifera, 135, 541geologic setting, 127grain-size data, 303, 378, 384heavy minerals, 294, 401ice-rafted material, 140, 376, 378, 379interstitial water chemistry, 404, 418lithologic description, 130, 244magnetic properties, 321mineralogy of sediments, 309, 404nannofossils, 135objectives, 128paleontologic summary, 53physical properties, 132, 237Radiolaria, 135, 571sediment accumulation rates, 127, 139, 141, 673sedimentation processes, 131sediments, 132, 371seismic profiles, correlated with lithology, 134, 244silicoflagellates, 136, 675summary and conclusions, 139thermomagnetic studies, 321

Site 325, Antarctic Continental Rise, 157abyssal-current-controlled sedimentation, 384biostratigraphy, 167conglomerates, 373diatom, 170, 613drilling results, 11foraminifera, 168, 542geologic setting, 157grain-size analyses, 305, 378heavy minerals, 295ice-rafted material, 378, 379interstitial water chemistry, 404, 420, 512layer 2, 251lithologic description, 163, 256lithology correlated with seismic profiles, 244

magnetic lineations, 256mineralogy of sediments, 309, 404, 467nannofossils, 168, 559, 560, 694paleontologic summary, 534physical properties, 165, 238Radiolaria, 168sediments, 404, 435sediment accumulation rate, 12, 170, 205, 373, 614seismic profiles, 166silicoflagellates, 160, 679sonobuoy profile, 251topography, 251turbidite deposition, 385

slumping, 386sodium content, interstitial water, 425solidification index, 328, 333solifluction, 280sonic velocity measurements, methods, 229sonobuoy measurements, 203

profile, Site 325, 251profile, Site 322, 34

South America, sediment derived from, 200South Pacific, spreading centers, 263South Shetland Island, 279, 379South Shetland Trench, 197, 199South Shetland Trough, 285Southeast Pacific, carbonate compensation depth, 447

bottom circulation development, 385paleoenvironment, 535

Spongomelissa dilli-Calocyclas disparidens Zone, 532Spreading center, Marie Byrd Land, 273

South Pacific, 263Stephanopyxis eocaenica, new diatom species, 824

S. hyalomarginata, new diatom species, 824S. inordinata, new diatom species, 825S. longispinosa, new diatom species, 825S. oamaruensis, new diatom species, 825S. oligocaenica, new diatom species, 825S. subantarctica, new diatom species, 825

stratigraphic hiatus, 408Oligocene-Paleocene, 86Paleocene-Miocene, 539Site 323, 366, 384, 408, 541

strontium, dissolved, 411Stylatractus universus Zone, 136, 569, 572subduction, Antarctic Peninsula, 285

Aluk Ridge, 222, 224Aluk plate, 285oceanic crust, 219oceanic plate,

Submarine alteration, basalt, 495, 502, 518, 730volcanics, 465

Submarine canyons, 284Submarine channels, 105Submarine morphologic provinces, 725Subtropical convergence, 757Sulfate reduction, 418Surface water temperatures, Antarctic region, 734Survey data, methods of collecting, 15Syndepositional sedimentary structures, 175, 171, 386Synedra miocenica, new diatom species, 636Systematics, Bolboforma, 713

calcisphaerulids, 701

928

diatoms, 629, 819Radiolaria, 573silicoflagellates, 679, 889

Tau Radiolaria Zone, 376, 532, 569, 570Tectonic pattern, Antarctic continental margin, 286Temperature of seawater, late Cenozoic fluctuations,

734Terrigenous material source, Leg 35 sediments, 730Thalassiosira gracilis, variation and distribution, 764

T. spinosa, new diatom species, 636T. spumellaroides, new diatom species, 636T. spumellaroides Partial-Range Zone, 625

Thalassiothrix primitiva, new diatom species, 637Theocalyptra bicomis spongothorax Zone, 168, 378, 534,

569, 573Thermomagnetic studies, 321Thurston Island, 5, 378, 379Tiθ2, distribution of, 449Tonga-Kermadec Trench,Trace elements, distribution of in Leg 35 sediments, 451Trachyandesites, inclusions in, 352

Peter I Island, 351Transition metal distribution, Site 323, 471Triceraspyris coronatus, new Radiolaria species, 580Trinity Peninsula Series, 378, 379Tula Fracture Zone, 105, 197, 220, 268, 727, 738

Turbidite deposition, 385, 732Turbidity currents, 12, 31, 73, 105, 127, 291, 384, 390,

395, 480, 730channels, 253

U-shaped valleys, 198, 391Unconformity, Ohgocene regional, 28Underway data, methods of collecting, 15Upsilon Zone, 38, 170, 375, 570Upwelling area, 764Vein calcites, oxygen isotopic composition of, 502Velocity anisotropy, 239Volcanic activity, Peter I Island, 343Volcanic rocks, Peter I Island, 354

alteration of, 465Volcanism, Antarctica, 273

Deception Island, 197Off-ridge, 37

Volcanogenic material, alteration products, 500Water content measurements, methods of, 233Weddell Sea, 8, 216, 380Wilkes Abyssal Plain, 732Wilkins Ice Shelf, 279Wordie Ice Shelf, 279X-ray mineralogy, 17, 747Young's Modulus, 335Zoophycos, 69, 366

929