DE Metrology: Examples of S&T Challengesitea.org/images/pdf/conferences/2015_TIW/Proceedings/Subrata_0… · Recent Naval Successes in DE Source: Dr. David C. Stoudt’s ASNE day

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DE Metrology: Examples of S&T Challenges

Subrata Sanyal, Ph.D.

Chief Scientist Operations (Code: MS02)

Measurement Science Department Naval Surface Warfare Center, Corona Division

P.O. Box 5000, Corona, CA 92878-5000 E-mail: [email protected]

Presented at the

19th Test Instrumentation and the 14th Directed Energy T&E Workshops

Las Vegas, Nevada

May 12 - 14, 2015

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

(NSWC Corona Public Release Control Number 2015-003)

mailto:[email protected]

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Disclaimer

*************************

Disclaimer of Endorsement

*************************

Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or

service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not

necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or

favoring by the United States Government. The views and opinions of

author expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the

United States Government, and shall not be used for advertising or

product.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. (NSWC Corona Public Release Control Number 2015-003)

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Plan for the talk

• Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) vis-à-vis Electric

Weapons

• Naval DEW capabilities, missions and recent successes

• Naval DE Vision-Strategy-Roadmap require improved

measurement/metrology capabilities

• Metrology, Calibration (METCAL), Standards, Traceability

• Who are we? NSWC Corona’s role & responsibilities

• METCAL program (Navy & Joint Service METCAL)

• Challenges to DE T&E/METCAL community in my opinion

• Some examples of S&T advances in DE metrology despite

challenges

• One obvious potential winning solution


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Electric Weapons = DEW + EM launchers

Some advantages of Electric Weapons:• precise & quicker engagement

• drastically reduced cost per engagements making training less costly

• large "magazine" capacity, limited only by onboard resources

• lower logistics cost & increased safety due to reduced/no ordnance

storage

• graduated lethality effects

• DEW has speed of light delivery, minimal collateral damage, & Rapid

retargeting capacity


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Weapon Effectiveness: Kinetic vs. HEL

Source: Dr. David C. Stoudt’s ASNE day 2014 brief


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Naval HEL Capabilities & Missions



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Naval HPRF Capabilities & Missions



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Recent Naval Successes in DE



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First at-sea T&E of Naval DE

First at-sea Test & Evaluation (T&E) of HEL weapon aboard USS Ponce

@ Persian Gulf in November 2014

Source: www.youtube.com


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First at-sea T&E of Naval DE

First at-sea T&E for EMRG is scheduled for Summer 2016

Source: www.youtube.com


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Naval DE Vision-Strategy-Roadmap



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HEL Requirements & S&T Programs across Naval Domains

All of these involve “Measurement Capabilities!” That’s where we come in.


Counter MANPADS

Counter MANPADS


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Hot from the press!

Early Bird One Minute: 5 May 2015

* RAILGUN, LASERS - Hill To Navy: Hurry Up On Rail Guns, Lasers

By Sydney J. Freedberg Jr., Breaking Defense, 4 May 15

http://breakingdefense.com/2015/05/hill-to-navy-hurry-up-on-rail-guns-

lasers/

WASHINGTON: Rail gun bullets move seven times the speed of sound. Laser

beams fire at the speed of light. But Pentagon procurement? Not so fast. But

with both Congress and the Navy Secretary expressing impatience, the Navy is

accelerating its efforts to move both lasers and rail guns from the test phase

into the fleet.

… Congress agrees. Just hours before, the House Armed Services Committee

had passed its draft of the annual defense policy bill that included: a provision

that “directs the Secretary of the Navy to develop a plan for fielding electric

weapon systems” — meaning both lasers and rail guns, which rely on electric

power rather than gunpowder — “and to provide a briefing on the results of

this plan to the House Committee on Armed Services by March 1, 2016.”


http://breakingdefense.com/2015/05/hill-to-navy-hurry-up-on-rail-guns-lasers/

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• Metrology

- The science of measurement

• Calibration

- The comparison of a measurement device to

a verified standard of higher accuracy

• Measurement Traceability

- An unbroken chain of calibrations to a verified

standard and associated uncertainties

Metrology and Calibration


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Navy Metrology and Calibration (METCAL) Program

Navy policy (OPNAVINST 3960.16A) is

to assure measurement requirements are

understood and addressed as early as

possible to:• Reduce lifecycle calibration costs

• Minimize technical risk

• Improve readiness/reliability

• Maximize use of existing organic capability

(equipment, labs, personnel)

Navy METCAL Program

• A coordinated Navy-wide program

responsible for ensuring that measurements

are accurate and traceable to national

standards

• An enabling program that supports the

success of other programs

Measurement Traceability


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Purpose of the METCAL Program

• Give the Navy improved measurement assurance through measurement traceability to SI units. Accomplished

by starting with establishment of reference standards at NIST that are the physical embodiment of the SI

units, with established uncertainties.

• Establish Navy test, monitoring, and diagnostic capability

• Reduce total ownership cost – accurate decisions require accurate data

• Deliver technologically sound, sustainable, and affordable diagnostic and measurement systems

Acquisition Logistics & Engineering

Mission and System Performance Requirements

Measurement Assurance

Mission

Material

Solution

Development

&

Demonstration

Production

TECHEVAL

Delivery

Measurement

Capability Calibration

Maintenance

Test

Monitor

Diagnose

Diagnostic & Measurement Systems

Sustainment


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Navy METCAL Program

Navy Calibration Activities - 396

METCAL

Executive Director

(NAVSEA 04)

METCAL Deputy

Executive Director

(NAVSEA 04RME)

298* 76* 3 19

METCAL

Technical Agent

(NSWC Corona)

PEOs

Fleet

PMs

Calibration &

Measurement

Requirements

SPAWAR

BUMEDCoast Guard

NAVFAC

Other…

Test and Monitoring Systems (TAMS) Executive Board

FFCNAVSEA NAVAIR SSP USMC

*Includes shore-based

and shipboard

calibration activities

Lead SYSCOM

(NAVSEA)


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Navy METCAL Program Scope

~ 6,000

~ 500K

409

~ 5,000

Approved Calibration

Procedures

Annual Calibrations

Calibration Laboratories

Approved Calibration

Standards

(Different Model #s)

~ 2,000

Test EquipmentDifferent Models: ~ 140K

Different S/N: ~ 1,850K

~ 1.85M

Annual Engineering

Inquiries/Actions

Shore 165, Ship 244


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Goal of the Navy METCAL ProgramAddress Measurement Requirements Early

Best: Early Initial Engagement Costly: Late Initial Engagement

MeasurementRequirements

Known and documentedUnknown, unchallenged, strategy to achieve undetermined

Cal Support/ Logistics

Planned and prepositioned Cobbled together afterwards

Methods Developed and validatedLeft up to labs, duplicate methods developed & not validated

Standardization High priority and maximized Not achieved, savings not realized

Lab Capability and Workload

Understood and efficiently utilizedUncoordinated and inefficiently utilized

Intervals and Reliability

Optimized, monitored, adjustedDefault value used at greater cost and/or risk

Benefit: Improves Fleet Effectiveness and Efficiency

Early METCAL engagement in the acquisition process supports validation

of acquisition decisions and promotes a culture of affordability

Acquisition TimelineAcquisition Timeline


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NSWC Corona – METCAL Role

NSWC Corona serves as the

Scientific and Technical Agent for the

Navy Metrology and Calibration (METCAL)

Program

per

OPNAVINST 3960.16A, Navy Test and Monitoring Systems (TAMS)

and

NAVAIRINST 13640.1C

NAVSEAINST 4734.1B

SSPINST 4355.8B

MARCOR ORDER 4733.1B


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Joint Service METCAL

STANDARDS LAB

OPERATIONS

WORKING GROUP

CALIBRATION

PROCEDURES

GROUP

OFFICES OF PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY

(OPRs)

JOINT TECHNICAL COORDINATING GROUP on CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY

(JTCG-CMT)

INTERSERVICE

SUPPORT

GROUP

CALIBRATION

COORDINATION

GROUP (CCG)

TMDE PROGRAM

STANDARDS

GROUP

ELECTRO-OPTIC

SUBGROUP

RF / MICRO / MM-WAVE

SUBGROUP

ELECTRICAL / ELECTRONIC

SUBGROUP

ANALYTICAL

METROLOGY SUBGROUP

RADIOLOGICAL

SUBGROUP

CHEMICAL / BIOLOGICAL

SUBGROUP

PHYSICAL / MECHANICAL

SUBGROUP

Joint Chiefs

JOINT LOGISITCS COMMANDERS / JOINT SECRETARIAT

TECHNOLOGY WORKING GROUPS


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Industry/Professional Involvement

National Conference of

Standards Laboratories

International

ASME

NSWC Corona Represents the Navy in the Measurement Science Field

Navy

DoD

National

InternationalNATIONAL DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION

JTCG-CMTJoint Technical Coordinating Group

Calibration and Measurement Technology

METCAL


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• Strategic – METCAL is maintenance/sustainment,

so comes later in the life cycle: outdated mindset!

• Financial – Early direct program tasking to NSWC

Corona for DE metrology would help immensely

• Technical – Early METCAL engagement in DE will allow

timely technology-developments, training, and Traceability:

- High Energy Laser (HEL) metrology• Some capabilities exist @ Corona

• Preliminary work is underway

- High Power Microwave (HPM) metrology• Some capabilities exist @ Corona

• Need to initiate relevant work

- Electro-Magnetic Rail-Gun (EMRG) metrology

• Need to initiate capabilities

Challenges to DE T&E/METCAL community


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Navy Metrology R&D Program

NAVY / MARINE CORPS

SEA

AIR

LAND

SPACE

Calibration

Standards

&

Traceability

• Electrical

• Physical/Mechanical

• Electro-Optic

• mm-/Micro-wave

• Analytic Metrology

• Radiation

• Chemical/Biological

Defense

TECHNOLOGY AREAS

Provide Advanced Measurement Technology for Emerging Weapons Systems

&

Improve Effectiveness and Efficiency of Existing Measurement Systems

S&T research avenues for NSWC Corona(in absence of direct program tasking)


http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m1.jpg

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m1.jpg

http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/ships/carriers/kennedy/jfk-gibraltar02.jpg

http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/ships/carriers/kennedy/jfk-gibraltar02.jpg

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• Section 219 of Public Law 110-417 of FY09

• Established in FY11 @ NSWC Corona

• May utilize up to 3% (typically ~ 1%) of all funds

• ~ 20% projects are selected out of >100 submissions every FY

• Focus:

- Basic and Applied Research supporting military missions

- Technology Transition from lab to operational use

- S&T RDT&E Workforce Development

- Revitalization & recapitalization

- Support high-value, high-risk, cutting edge S&T RDT&E

- Enhance lab capabilities to address DoN/DoD future missions

- Collaboration across the enterprise promoted by WARCEN Command

Technology Team site visits

Naval Innovative Science & Engineering (NISE/219) Program

S&T research avenues for NSWC Corona(in absence of direct program tasking)


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Metrology for HEL TechnologiesProblemDoN/DoD is developing and experimentally deploying

HEL DEW systems, but METCAL standards to support

their RDT&E, and sustainment do not exist.

ApproachConduct basic research into new methods and techniques

for development of measurement standards to support HEL

DEW. Assess methods for HEL beam parameters

measurements and calibration traceability based on current

work and NIST discussions. The approach will be based on

the requirements for HEL performance parameters

identified in the HEL JTO’s “HEL Lethality Data

Collection Standards” and by the Navy/DOD HEL

community.

Deliverables• Documentation of tracking the evolution of DE Metrology

• Research work to identify the METCAL RDT&E support

required by Navy

• Working with NIST, DoD agencies, Industry, and Academia

for mutually beneficial technical capabilities development

• Generated research topics (e.g., DEW Metrology, etc.) for

NPS graduate research, NEEC BAA, etc. as Navy

requirements

Collaborators• NIST

• NSWCs (PHD, Dahlgren, etc.)

• HEL Industry (to establish measurement

traceability to NIST, and to further evaluate

NIST system’s capabilities)

• Academia (NREIP interns, Faculty

sabbaticals, etc.)

Navy InterestEstablish the required measurement

capabilities, standardization, traceability

to SI units, etc. for the HEL DEW

systems & subsystems

NISE/219 Example


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Effects of Laser Light Scattering from Water Surfaces

High Energy Laser weapons are being deployed on

ships, but there is no data available for the potential

of unintended laser reflection from the surface of

the water. This NISE project was initiated to

investigate these potentially dangerous reflections

along with a CRADA with Envsioneering, Inc. and

with the Naval Research Lab for collaboration.

The testing of laser scatter from

water surface was required for both

indoor and outdoor scenarios. This

phase of the project focused on the

laboratory testing of pulsed 1064 nm

linearly polarized energy on fresh

water and on sea water. Various

polarization configurations and

energy values and angles were taken

into consideration.

NRL performed calculations based on

theoretical models for various conditions.

Theory and reality do not always match so the

goal of the modeling and the testing is to show

how close they agree. Initial results indicate as

predicted that the lowest angles of incidence

and the horizontally oriented polarization

resulted in the highest amount of reflection.

The reflection from sea water for the 1064 nm

wavelength was on average a few percent

greater than that of the fresh water. The initial

modeling data matched very closely with actual

test data. Phase II of this project will engage

the CRADA which was finalized at the end of

Phase I and will include the Readiness

Assessment group for outdoor testing. Different

types of lasers and conditions will be tested and

the data gathered will help in the understanding

of the dangers that may be associated with the

inadvertent reflections of HEL weapons on the

ocean surface.

NISE/219 Example


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Metrology for Fiber Optical Launch TechnologyProblemOptical Launch (OL) condition variations for

multimode fiber optic applications produce different

power distributions that affect power measurement

accuracy. Many NAVAIR and NAVSEA weapon and

communications systems either do not take OL

variations into consideration, or specify launch

conditions based on different standards, resulting in

measurements with less than the required accuracy.

Approach* Develop knowledge, skills, and ability to address the

impact of differing launch conditions on measurement

accuracy, in order to provide the fleet with adequate

calibration support for fiber optic power measurements and

OL analysis.

* Use of an optical launch condition analyzer and optical

power meters to measure the impact of OL on measured

power.

Expected collaborators• NIST

• DoD agencies

• Fiber Optic Industry

Deliverables• Compare different OL standards for

correlation and error analysis.

• Compare OL variations with near field, far

field, encircled flux, and AS-100

specifications.

• Publish report of findings.

Navy InterestThe fiber optic communication backbones

on Navy ships and aircraft require

increasing level of calibration accuracy

for fiber optic measurements to enable

higher data rates and throughput.

LED

VCSEL

LASER

NISE/219 Example


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Performance Assessment for HEL DEW T&E

ProblemThe goal of the Solid State Laser Technical Maturation

(SSL-TM) program of the Office of Naval Research

(ONR) is the design and build of a Advanced

Development Module (ADM) prototype laser weapon

suitable for deployment on a US combatant and ready

for testing at sea. NSWC Corona will need to be

prepared to support assessment of laser weapons based

on SSL-TM program.

ApproachParticipate in the SSL-TM Program to learn how T&E

of laser weapon systems will be carried out and what

may be expected of NSWC Corona’s Performance

Assessment Department to support T&E in a program

of record.

Deliverables

Identify Laser Weapon Systems KPI and MOE and

gaps in NSWC Corona’s analysis capabilities. Progress

would be tied to SSL-TM program schedule.

Collaborators• NSWC, Port Hueneme

• NSWC, Dahlgren

Navy InterestNSWC Corona’s Performance

Assessment Department will have little

time to prepare to support T&E of laser

weapon systems for customers such as

PEO IWS. This project will assess what

action is needed to support a laser weapon

system program of record.

NISE/219 Example


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Potential Alternative Solutions: Collaborations

• With NIST (http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/tech-beat/)

- “Natural” partnership in Metrology

- No escape from similar financial constraints

- Examples of DE/HEL metrology capabilities

developments @ NIST:• New Nanotube Coating Enables Novel Laser Power Meter (05/05/2009)

• Laser Radiometry: Powering Up (06/11/2012)

• NIST Launches New Calibration Service for High-Power Lasers

(10/29/2014)

• NIST Fires Up Extended Calibration Service for Laser Welding and More

(12/02/2014)


http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/tech-beat/

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Potential Alternative Solutions: Collaborations• With NIST (http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/tech-beat/)

- Examples of DE/HEL metrology capabilities developments @ NIST:

• P.A. Williams, J.A. Hadler, R. Lee, F. Maring and J.H. Lehman. Use of radiation

pressure for measurement of high-power laser emission. Optics Letters.

(10/22/2013)


http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/tech-beat/

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Potential Alternative Solutions: Collaborations(even in absence of direct program tasking)

• Within DoN/DoD to support DEW IPTs (T&E, D&D, M&S,

etc.) via

- NISE/219 funds

- METCAL R&D funds

- ONR funding

- Other relevant sources [e.g., DOD (S&T) T&E program, etc.]

• With Industry

- Industry developing technology

• for sources, e.g., HELs, HPMs, HPRFs, etc.

• for sensors/detectors, etc.

• for other required measurement equipment

- Utilize/take advantage of the aforementioned inter-DoD/DoN

collaboration and/or NIST collaboration

• NIST – Corona – Industry

• Other DoN/DoD agencies – Corona – Industry

• NIST – Corona – other DoN/DoD agencies – Industry


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• Collaboration with Academia - Fellowships, e.g., DoD SMART, NSF GRFP, etc.

- ONR pathways

• NREIP summer interns

• Summer Faculty Sabbaticals

• Topic generations- NPS research topics

- NEEC BAA topics

- Other DoD BAA topics, etc.

• Utilize/take advantage of the aforementioned

collaborations: Corona – NIST – other DoN/DoD agencies – Industry – Academia

Collaboration is a mutual “WIN” for all involved!

Potential Alternative Solutions: Collaborations(even in absence of direct program tasking)


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Engineering Procedures Intervals Standards Training Database Mgmt Traceability

R&D Standards/Tech

Acquisition Support Rqmts Analysis Logistics

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NIST

NPSL

Navy Cal Lab

TEST EQUIPMENT

Requirements

S&T

Research

Acquisition

In-Service

Maintenance

TRACEABILITY MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS

METCAL


Documents

DE Metrology: Examples of S&T Challengesitea.org/images/pdf/conferences/2015_TIW/Proceedings/Subrata_0… · Recent Naval Successes in DE Source: Dr. David C. Stoudt’s ASNE day