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ASNE Day 2011
Joe FammeBryan PriceTed Raitch
Jim DavisonFebruary 10, 2011
r10
ASNE Day 2011 1
C2 to the Tactical Edge
Joe FammeBryan PriceTed Raitch
Jim DavisonASNE
February 10, 2011
ASNE Day 2011 2
C2
US National Maritime Domain Awareness
ASNE Day 2011 3
http://www.gmsa.gov/twiki/bin/viewwww.gmsa.gov
www.gmsa.gov/references/071213mdaconops.pdf
NIMS: National Incident Management System ICS: Incident Command Systems Civil Response C2 (terror attack, oil spills, hurricanes , Fires etc.
Maritime Domain Dominance
The Classical Naval Control of the sea, coastlines and choke points: SHIPS OF THE LINE
Amphibious “From the Sea”Coastal, Riverine and Brown WaterEvolving threats for
Ship’s boats & RHIBS “beyond the hull”Local administration, rescue & security, major ecological
disasters (oil spills) to …Assuming combatant craft roles?
Maritime Rescue, anti-Piracy … recapture pirated ships / hostages … illegal arms / trade and narco-terroism … insert SOF … border security
ASNE Day 2011 4
High Stakes = Positive Control
Threats beyond the hull are increasingly capable and violent
Legal implications are often internationalExact time, location and maneuvers must be
documentedSafety at sea in darkness and rough seas where
boats cannot be tracked visually / must approach target craft without navigation lights
Positive Control of own boats and RHIBS is
recommended, ergo : C2 to the Tactical Edge
ASNE Day 2011 5
Where is the boat? Condition? Execute Tactical ExchangeASNE Day 2011 6
The Tactical EdgeThat location where responsible personnel with
the correct preparation, including updates in route, arrive and gain understanding of the assistance needed or the threat, continuously exchanging their situation with their control ship via direct or C2 relay via other ships, & air to achieve an immediate and appropriate response with force as needed.
The C2 requirement is for an affordable capability that is flexible, adaptive and agile, and interoperable with U.S. and allied coalition forces.
ASNE Day 2011 7
Table 2. Ship’s Boats Positive Control Missions Scenario Missions Comm.
ClearComm.Secure
Positive LocationPublic
Positive Locatio
n Secure
GPS ECDIS Radar Picture
from Ship
Radar Picture
From Boat
Status of Boat
Secure
1 Anti-drug x X x x x x x2 Anti-Piracy x X x x x x x3 Border
Security x X x x x x x
4 Anti-Terrorism
x X x x x x x
5 Port Defense
x X x x x x x
6 Insert SOF x X x x x x x7 Human
RescueX X x x x x
8 Dark -Hazardous Navigation
x X x x x x x
9 High Sea State
x X x x x x x
AIS Support
C2?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Option
Option Option Yes
ASNE Day 2011 8
Two Categories of Boats
Category 1 Combatant Boats and CraftJoint Capability Integration & Development System –
JCIDS analysis determined “combatant” = C2 Required GCCS-J / GCCS-M … GIG … Joint Tactical Radio System - JTRS Amphibious Assault Direction Systems - AADS Command, Control, Communication & Computer
System - C4N Blue Force Tracking
Category 2 General Purpose Boats and CraftA compass, radio and binoculars and a JO with a .45
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ASNE Day 2011 10
Cat 1 Craft C2 (SPAWAR) to the “Last Tactical Mile”
RADIO RELAYGROUP
RRG
• Airborne Relay
USER TERMINALGROUP
UTG – LCAC/LCU
• Provides PLI
AMPHIBIOUSCOMMAND GROUP
ACG
• Controls EPLRS Net
SECONDARYCONTROL GROUP
SCG
• Backup to PCG• Dynamic Reference Unit
PRIMARYCONTROL GROUP
PCG• Directs Ship-to-Shore
Movement• Mission Changes• Dynamic Reference Unit
DescriptionAmphibious Assault Direction System, AN/KSQ-1 with Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS), integrates the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) to form a jam / intercept resistant, friendly force tracking and command and control system that supports the surface assault ship-to-shore movement in amphibious operations
Provides Capability to Launch, Monitor, Track and
Control Surface or Combined Surface and Air Amphibious Assaults up to 100 NM OTH
Seamless Integration with USMC S-T-O-M Perform OTH Operations Integration with GCCS-M
Sub-SystemsAN/KSQ-1EPLRS
Programmatic ACAT III ORD Signed (Requirement) May
89 MS III Dec
95 OPEVAL Apr 95 IOC Mar 97 FSTR Strategy Approved Jul 02
ASNE Day 2011 11
FlatFlatPanelPanel
DisplaysDisplays
UniversalUniversalKeyboardKeyboard
FullyFullyIntegratedIntegrated
ElectronicsElectronicsSuiteSuite
Post SLEPPost SLEPPost SLEPPost SLEP
Pre SLEPPre SLEPPre SLEPPre SLEP Introduces:
• Open Architecture• Modern COTS Equipment
Provides:• Precision Navigation• Common Tactical Picture• Comm Suite Interoperability
Upgrades:• LN-66 to P-80 Radar• KSQ-1 to EPLRS
LCAC COCKPIT UPGRADE - C4N REPLACEMENT
ASNE Day 2011 12
ASNE Day 2011 13
1 HAEUAV Wide Area Surveillance2 MPA Prosecution3 NSC Interoperability
4 Multi Asset Operation5 Over-the-Horizon Operations6 Shore-based Command Center
ASNE Day 2011 14
http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/#
AIS comes to the Navy *AIS significantly increases the ability of the Navy and allied
nations to distinguish between normal and suspicious merchant ships headed toward U.S. and allied ports.
Navy warships using AIS have observed dramatic increases in situational awareness, ship safety and intelligence gathering.
2005 Navy deemed AIS an urgent capability / began fielding of stand alone AIS on all warships by fiscal 2006
Integrated AIS with GCCS-M in 2007 - 2011. AIS was granted Rapid Deployment Capability authority in
January 2006 and transitioned to a program of record in 2008.
The supporting C2 architecture for this paper describes an ad hoc C2 capability for ship’s boats and RHIBS that has been officially put in place
ASNE Day 2011 15* Excerpt form Navy League, SEAPOWER Almanac 2011, p.93
AIS CharacteristicsAIS is a commercially available shipboard broad
cast VHF maritime band transponder system that can transmit ship information, including navigation, identification and cargo. AIS is mandated by the International Maritime Organization for all merchant vessels over 300 tons. (Warships are exempt, but may …)
Transponders incorporate GPS locating and can support 2 channel, 2-way VHF data communication, clear or secure with other ships
ASNE Day 2011 16
DOD Policy: New IT / C2 Capability Without Risk
NAVSEA guidance for new IT & C2 Systems.*Link 16 is currently BW LimitedNew systems must be mature (TLR 8 or 9)“State of the Shelf”Therefore what C2 systems are available ?Which C2 base to use for ship’s boats &
RHIBS ?CAT 1 : GCCS Family of Systems ?Cat 2 : AIS based C2 capabilities ?
ASNE Day 2011 17* AFCEA Conference 22 Oct 10, Pentagon City
Recommend AIS Based Small Boat C2 : Discussion
ASNE Day 2011 18
Add AIS C2 to Own Cat 2 Boats and RHIBS such that every Navy and USCG ship has potential for It’s own Ad Hoc AIS based C2 Network
Status of AIS based C2 for Small Boats / RHIBS
International Development and use of AIS based C2 for the missions described in Table 2, Small Boat Positive Control Missions
Canadian Navy Pacific and Atlantic Security C2 Operations
Royal Navy Coastal / Fisheries
Republic of Korea Dual Use
ASNE Day 2011 19
Canadian AIS Based C2 for Small Boats
Mission Requirement: protect two high value cruise ships used to house thousands of Winter Olympic officials, staff and guests: Operation Podium
Solution: AIS based C2 using commercially available adapted C2 Electronic (ECDIS) charting systems at two Operations Centers with compatible units installed in 15 RHIB boats for positive two-way secure tactical C2
Mission Requirement: Security for 2010 International Fleet Reviews in Esquimalt, BC, and Halifax, NS.
Solution: AIS based C2 Secure Operations 12 RHIBS.
ASNE Day 2011 20
ASNE Day 2011 21
Royal NavyDeploying RHIB from
HMS Mersey (River Class OPV)
RHIB augments offshore patrols … able to navigate small rivers and winding marsh land tributaries to objectives unreachable by ships
Maintain 2-way secure C2
ASNE Day 2011 22
Republic of KoreaWing-in-Ground
Effect AircraftMainland – Inter
Island TransportDual Use with SOF
Co-Pilot IMO ECDIS Display
Pilot IMO “Tactical” Display plus normal flight instruments and controls
ASNE Day 2011 23
ASNE Day 2011 24
Systems Integration to Sensors
& Combat Systems
ASNE Day 2011 25
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ASNE Day 2011 27
ASNE Day 2011 28
Boat / RHIB InstallationAntennas for VHF, AIS/GPS, Flux Gate Heading; Electronics enclosure; 12” ECDIS display with dynamic
tactical overlays; Ergonomic 3-button/thumb stick for dynamic vectors to
communicate course to steer. Add Radar plot if radar available on boat / RHIB.
ASNE Day 2011 29
ASNE Day 2011 30
AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices
ASNE Day 2011 31
AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices
ASNE Day 2011 32
AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices
ASNE Day 2011 33
ASNE Day 2011 34
Boat – RHIB DisplaysC2 Elements
exchanged with Control Ship:Clear or Secure Text
messagingStatus of Boat
MachineryRadar Ship &/or BoatSpoof ContactsVectorsOperational
Boundaries
ASNE Day 2011 35
ASNE Day 2011 36
RHIB Patrolling in safe waters
Coast Guard Control ship
Aviation Unit (Helicopter) on Patrol
ASNE Day 2011 37
RHIB Display
RHIB#1 is tasked with AIS contact of interest (COI).
RHIB highlights the COI with double Green Circles
An Electronic Bearing Line (EBL) connects the RHIB to the COI.
RHIB coxswain will steer along EBL to intercept target.
RHIB turns to intercept the contact of Interest
Control Ship has sent a Contact of Interest message to RHIB #2RHIB #2 is already proceeding on an intercept course.
This Intercept course will take RHIB through disputed waters.Control ship must alert RHIB to avoid area.
RHIB#2 is proceeding to intercept COI.
The RHIB’s display shows the COI with Highlight circle and EBL
RHIB is steering intercept course.
RHIB display does not show area to be avoided.
Control ship advises RHIB#2 to come about immediately via text message.
Danger area is presented at same time to reinforce urgency and to provide the “whole picture”.
RHIB #2 has information required to make safe choice.
RHIB has turned away from disputed area –
Incident avoided!
RHIB#2 assigned a new COI
RHIB #1 is arriving alongside contact of interestHELO orbiting on stationRHIB #2 is proceeding to interceptCoast Guard Ship has come about.
RHIB#1 reports status to Control ship over secure link
SummaryCommand is most effective when C2 is maintained via realtime interaction with the units “in the fight” / “at the Edge:
AIS based C2 “networks” planned or “ad hoc” for small boats is Commercial Off the Shelf – TLR 8-9Links to Control Ships and Command CentersC2 communications are clear & secureAIS and Radar can be correlatedTactical Spoofs are possibleInteroperable with all US & Allied AIS & ECDIS capabilities
ASNE Day 2011 47
C2 to the Tactical Edge
C2 to the Tactical Edge
Joe FammeBryan PriceTed Raitch
Jim DavisonASNE
February 10, 2011
ASNE Day 2011 48
AIS
ASNE Day 2011
49
CDR Joseph Famme, USN (ret)Lt Brian Price Canadian NavyMr. Ted Raitch (former USAF)
Lt Cdr. Jim Davison Royal Navy (ret)
C2 to the Tactical Edge
ASNE Day 2011 50
AADS / BLUE FORCE TRACKER / FORCENET
ASNE Day 2011 52
DoD - Blue Force Tracker http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/drs-gets-396m-order-for-blue-force-tracker-computers-02353/
In June 2006, DRS Tactical Systems unit in Melbourne, FL announced a multi-year $396 million indefinite-delivery/ indefinite-quantity contract to provide rugged Appliqué Computer Systems and peripheral equipment for the U.S. Army’s Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade and Below (FBCB2 – and see video) program
FlatFlatPanelPanel
DisplaysDisplays
UniversalUniversalKeyboardKeyboard
FullyFullyIntegratedIntegrated
ElectronicsElectronicsSuiteSuite
Post SLEPPost SLEPPost SLEPPost SLEP
Pre SLEPPre SLEPPre SLEPPre SLEP Introduces:
• Open Architecture• Modern COTS Equipment
Provides:• Precision Navigation• Common Tactical Picture• Comm Suite Interoperability
Upgrades:• LN-66 to P-80 Radar• KSQ-1 to EPLRS
COCKPIT UPGRADE - C4N REPLACEMENT
ASNE Day 2011 53
ASNE Day 2011 54