Developed winding diagram of DC Machine Winding

Developed winding diagram of DC Machine WindingLAP WINDING (Progressive) Draw the developed winding diagram with the following dataNumber of armature conductor = 30Number of Poles = 4Type of winding = Double Layer, Progressive, Simplex Lap winding.No of conductor Z = 30No of Poles P = 4(i) Back PitchYB = (Z/P) + K -------- (1)K = Constant of minimum value, that makes YB an odd integer.Substituting the value of Z & P in equation (1) we get YB = 7(ii) Front Pitch YF = YB + 2 (Plex) -------- (2)+ ---- Retrogressive YB< YF- ---- Progressive YB> YFSubstituting the value of YB & Plex in equation (2) Plex here is simplex therefore Plex = 1we get YF = 5 Calculation(iii) No of commutator segments CS = (Z/2) --- (3)Substituting Z value in equation 3We get CS = 15(iv) No of Brushes = P * Plex ----- (4) Substituting P & Plex value in equation 4we get Brushes = 4(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex. ---- (5) commutator segment = Width of one commutator segment Calculation Contd (vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6)Substituting the value of Z & P in equation (6) & assuming distance between 2 conductors as 1cm we get Pole Pitch (PP) = 7.5 cm(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7) Substituting PP value in equation 7we get Pole Arc = 5.3cm (viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8) Substituting PP value in equation 8we get Air Gap = 2.2cm

Calculation Contd Winding TableAt the Back YB = 7Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Front YF = 5Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Back YB = 7Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Front YF = 5Coil side --- connected coil side1 + 7 = 88 5 = 315 + 7 = 2222 5 = 173 + 7 = 1010 5 = 517 + 7 = 2424 5 = 195 + 7 = 1212 5 = 719+ 7 = 2626 5 = 217 + 7 = 1414 5 = 921 + 7 = 2828 5 = 239 + 7 = 1616 5 = 1123+ 7 = 3030 5 = 2511 + 7 = 1818 5 = 13 25 + 7 = 232 5 = 27 13 + 7 = 2020 5 = 1527 + 7 = 434 5 = 2929 + 7 = 636 5 = 31 (1)

Winding DiagramPlacing of conductors & Connection1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 302 4 62 425 27 29 27 29Winding Diagram1. Placing the Poles2.Marking the Direction of Rotation & 3.Direction of current1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 302 4 62 425 27 29 27 29NNSSDOR for Generator Sequence Diagram1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 1 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 2 4 6 Winding Diagram1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 302 4 62 425 27 29 27 29NNSSDOR for Generator Sequence Diagram1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 1 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 2 4 6 ++--Winding DiagramPlacing Commutator and Brushes1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 302 4 62 425 27 29 27 29NNSSDOR for Generator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15++--DC Output2) Simplex Retrogressive Lap Winding Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC Series Motor with following detailsNo of Poles = 4No of coil sides = 28No of coil sides/slot = 2Type of winding = Simplex, Lap, Retrogressive.Soln :- No of coil sides/slot = 2,means the winding is double layer.No of conductor Z = 28No of Poles P = 4(i) Back PitchYB = (Z/P) + K = (28/4) + 0 = 7 ------- (1)(ii) Front Pitch YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 7 + 2(1) = 9 ---- (2)+ ---- Retrogressive YB< YF- ---- Progressive YB> YF(iii) No of commutator segments CS = (Z/2) = (28/2) = 14 ------- (3)(iv) No of Brushes Brushes = P * Plex = 4 * 1 = 4 ----- (4) Calculation(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5) commutator segment= Width of one * 1 commutator segment= Width of one commutator segment Calculation Contd (vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6) = (28/4) * 1cm = 7cm(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7) = 0.7 * 7cm = 4.9 cm

(viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8) = 0.3 * 7cm = 2.1cm Calculation Contd Winding TableAt the Back YB = 7Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Front YF = 9Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Back YB = 7Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Front YF = 9Coil side --- connected coil side1 + 7 = 88 9 = -1 (27)15 + 7 = 2222 9 = 1327 + 7 = 34 (6)6 9 = -3 (25)13 + 7 = 2020 9 = 1125 + 7 = 32 (4)4 9 = -5 (23)11 + 7 = 1818 9 = 923 + 7 = 30 (2)2 9 = -7 (21)9 + 7 = 1616 9 = 721 + 7 = 2828 9 = 197 + 7 = 1414 9 = 519 + 7 = 2626 9 = 17 5 + 7 = 1212 9 = 317 + 7 = 2424 9 = 153 + 7 = 1010 9 = 1

3) Duplex Retrogressive Lap Winding Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC Series Motor with following detailsNo of Poles = 4No of coil sides = 36No of coil sides/slot = 2Type of winding = Duplex, Lap, Retrogressive.Soln :- No of coil sides/slot = 2,means the winding is double layer.No of conductor Z = 36No of Poles P = 4(i) Back PitchYB = (Z/P) + K = (36/4) + 0 = 9 ------- (1)(ii) Front Pitch YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 9 + 2(2) = 13 ---- (2)+ ---- Retrogressive YB< YF- ---- Progressive YB> YF(iii) No of commutator segments CS = (Z/2) = (36/2) = 18 ------- (3)(iv) No of Brushes Brushes = P * Plex = 4 * 2 = 8 ----- (4) Calculation(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5) commutator segment= Width of one * 2 commutator segment= 2 times Width of one commutator segment Calculation Contd (vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6) = (36/4) * 1cm = 9cm(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7) = 0.7 * 9cm = 6.3 cm

(viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8) = 0.3 * 9cm = 2.7cm Calculation Contd Winding TableAt the Back YB = 9Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Front YF = 13Coil side --- connected coil side1 + 9 = 1010 13 = -3 (33)33 + 9 = 42 (6)6 13 = -7 (29)29 + 9 = 38 (2)2 13 = -11 (25)25 + 9 = 3434 13 = 2121+ 9 = 3030 13 = 1717 + 9 = 2626 13 = 13 13 + 9 = 2222 13 = 99 + 9 = 1818 13 = 55 + 9 = 1414 13 = 1

Winding Table 1At the Back YB = 9Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Front YF = 13Coil side --- connected coil side3 + 9 = 1212 13 = -1 (35)35 + 9 = 44 (8)8 13 = -5 (31)31 + 9 = 40 (4)4 13 = -9 (27)27 + 9 = 3636 13 = 2323+ 9 = 3232 13 = 19 19 + 9 = 2828 13 = 15 15 + 9 = 2424 13 = 1111 + 9 = 2020 13 = 77 + 9 = 1616 13 = 3Winding Table 24) Duplex Progressive Lap Winding Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC Generator with following detailsNo of Poles = 6No of conductors = 36Type of winding = Duplex, Lap, Progressive, Double layer.No of conductor Z = 36No of Poles P = 6(i) Back PitchYB = (Z/P) + K = (36/6) + 0 = 7 ------- (1)(ii) Front Pitch YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 7 - 2(2) = 3 ---- (2)+ ---- Retrogressive YB< YF- ---- Progressive YB> YF(iii) No of commutator segments CS = (Z/2) = (36/2) = 18 ------- (3)(iv) No of Brushes Brushes = P * Plex = 6 * 2 = 12 ----- (4) Calculation(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5) commutator segment= Width of one * 2 commutator segment= 2 times Width of one commutator segment Calculation Contd (vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6) = (36/6) * 1cm = 6cm(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7) = 0.7 * 6cm = 4.2 cm

(viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8) = 0.3 * 6cm = 1.8cm Calculation Contd Winding TableAt the Back YB = 7Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Front YF = 3Coil side --- connected coil side1 + 7 = 88 3 = 55 + 7 = 1212 - 3 = 99 + 7 = 1616 3 = 1313 + 7 = 2020 3 = 1717 + 7 = 2424 3 = 2121 + 7 = 2828 3 = 25 25 + 7 = 3232 3 = 2929 + 7 = 3636 3 = 3333 + 7 = 40 (4)4 3 = 1

Winding Table 1At the Back YB = 7Coil side --- connected coil sideAt the Front YF = 3Coil side --- connected coil side3 + 7 = 1010 3 = 77 + 7 = 1414 - 3 = 1111 + 7 = 1818 3 = 1515 + 7 = 2222 3 = 1919 + 7 = 2626 3 = 2323 + 7 = 3030 3 = 27 27 + 7 = 3434 3 = 3131 + 7 = 38 (2)2 3 = -1 (35)35 + 7 = 42 (6)6 3 = 3Winding Table 2WAVE WINDINGPROBLEM (Progressive Wave)

1) Design and draw 4 pole progressive wave winding for an armature with 26 conductors accommodated in 13 slots, show position of brush, direction of current etc.,Solution CalculationIn wave winding Yb and Yf can be calculated from commutator pitch Yc

IF

Yc is a odd numberYc is a even numberYc is a fraction numberYb = YcYb = Yc + 1Remove 1 coil as Dummy coil and calculate Yc, then depending on value of Yc calculate Yb and Yf. Yf = YcYf = Yb -+ 2Calculation contdHere in this example Yc is odd number, therefore Yb = Yf = Yc = 7Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2 conductors = (26/4) * 1cm = 6.5 cmIV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6.5cm = 4.5cmV) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6.5cm = 2cmVI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 26 segment 2 2 = 13Calculation contdVII) No of Brushes = 2 * Plex = 2 * 1 = 2VIII) Brush Width = Width of one* Plexcommutator segment = Width of one* 1commutator segment = Width of onecommutator segment

Winding TableAt the backCoil Connected Side ---------Coil sideAt the frontCoil Connected Side ---------Coil side

At the backCoil Connected Side ---------Coil sideAt the frontCoil Connected Side ---------Coil side1 + 7 = 88 + 7 = 1515 + 7 = 2222 + 7 = 29 (3)3 + 7 =1010 + 7 = 1717 + 7 = 2424 + 7 = 31 (5)5 + 7 = 1212 + 7 = 1919 + 7 = 2626 + 7 = 33 (7)7+7 = 1414 + 7 = 2121 + 7 = 2828 + 7 = 35 (9)9 + 7 = 1616 + 7 = 2323 + 7 = 30 (4)4 + 7 = 1111 + 7 = 1818 + 7 = 25 25 + 7 = 32 (6)6 + 7 = 1313 + 7 = 20 20 + 7 = 27 (1) Winding Diagram (Placing & Connecting conductors )1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 261 3 5 720 22 24 262 4 6 21 23 25 Winding Diagram 1.Fixing Poles2. Direction of rotation3. Direction of current1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 3 5 720 22 24 262 4 6 21 23 25NSNSMotorDirection of Rotation Winding Diagram (Fixing commutator)1 3 5 720 22 24 262 4 6 21 23 251 3 5 720 22 24 262 4 6 21 23 25NSNSMotorDirection of Rotation1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 261 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Winding Diagram (Placing the Brushes)1 3 5 720 22 24 262 4 6 21 23 251 3 5 720 22 24 262 4 6 21 23 25NSNS1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13MotorDirection of Rotation1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Sequence Diagram1 15 3 17 5 19 7 21 9 23 11 25 13 1 8 22 10 24 12 26 14 2 16 4 18 6 20-+ Winding Diagram (Placing the Brushes)1 3 5 720 22 24 262 4 6 21 23 251 3 5 72 4 6 21 23 25NSNS1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13DC InputMotorDirection of Rotation1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 262) Problem (Retrogressive Wave)2) Draw the simplex retrogressive wave winding with 4 pole DC machine having 26 armature conductors. The winding is double layer. Fix the position of poles, direction of induced emf.Solution CalculationI) Commutator Pitch

Yc is a odd numberYc is a even numberYc is a fraction numberYb = YcYb = Yc + 1Remove 1 coil as Dummy coil and calculate Yc, then depending on value of Yc calculate Yb and Yf. Yf = YcYf = Yb -+ 2Calculation contdHere in this example Yc is even number, therefore Yb = Yc + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7 Yf = Yb -+ 2 = 7 2 = 5Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2 conductors = (26/4) * 1cm = 6.5 cmIV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6.5cm = 4.55cmV) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6.5cm = 1.95cmVI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 26 segment 2 2 = 13Calculation contdVII) No of Brushes = 2 * Plex = 2 * 1 = 2VIII) Brush Width = Width of one* Plexcommutator segment = Width of one* 1commutator segment = Width of onecommutator segment

Winding diagramAt the backCoil Connected Side ---------Coil sideAt the frontCoil Connected Side ---------Coil side

At the backCoil Connected Side ---------Coil sideAt the frontCoil Connected Side ---------Coil side1 + 7 = 88 + 5 = 1313 + 7 = 2020 + 5 = 25 25 + 7 =32 (6)6 + 5 = 1111 + 7 = 1818 + 5 = 2323 + 7 = 30 (4)4 + 5 = 99 + 7 = 1616 + 5 = 2121+7 = 28 (2)2 + 5 = 77 + 7 = 1414 + 5 = 1919 + 7 = 2626 + 5 = 31 (5)5 + 7 = 1212 + 5 = 1717 + 7 = 2424 + 5 = 29 (3) 3 + 7 = 1010 + 5 = 1515 + 7 = 22 22 + 5 = 27 (1)3) Problem (Dummy Coil)3) Draw the simplex retrogressive, wave winding with 4 pole DC machine having 24 armature conductors. The winding is double layer. Fix the position of poles & direction of current.Solution CalculationCommutator Pitch

Because Yc is a fraction no, by removing 1 coil as Dummy coil no of active conductors become 22. Therfore Yc = 5

Yc is a odd numberYc is a even numberYc is a fraction numberYb = YcYb = Yc + 1Remove 1 coil as Dummy coil and calculate Yc, then depending on value of Yc calculate Yb and Yf. Yf = YcYf = Yb -+ 2Calculation contdHere in this example Yc is odd number, therefore Yb = Yf = Yc = 5Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2 conductors = (24/4) * 1cm = 6 cmIV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6cm = 4.2cmV) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6cm = 1.8cmVI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 22 segment 2 2 = 11Calculation contdVII) No of Brushes = 2 * Plex = 2 * 1 = 2VIII) Brush Width = Width of one* Plexcommutator segment = Width of one* 1commutator segment = Width of onecommutator segment

Winding diagramAt the backCoil Connected Side ---------Coil sideAt the frontCoil Connected Side ---------Coil side

At the backCoil Connected Side ---------Coil sideAt the frontCoil Connected Side ---------Coil side1 + 5 = 66 + 5 = 1111 + 5 = 1616 + 5 = 2121 + 5 = 26 (4)4 + 5 = 99 + 5 = 1414 + 5 = 1919 + 5 = 24 (2)2 + 5 = 77 + 5 = 1212 + 5 = 1717 + 5 = 2222 + 5 = 27 (5)5 + 5 = 1010 + 5 = 1515 + 5 = 2020 + 5 = 25 (3)3 + 5 = 88 + 5 = 1313 + 5 = 1818 + 5 = 23 (1) Winding Diagram (Placing & Connecting conductors ) 2 1 4 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 (No of Active Conductors)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 (Total no of conductors)DummyCoil