CHAPTER 2

CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIVE

Cell

1.The human body is made up of cell. The human body has 50 to 60 trillion cells. But you cannot see them.

2.You can only see them if you use a microscope. Have you see microscope?

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MICROSCOPEMicroscope is to look at cell. It can make a cell look much bigger.

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MICROSCOPEMicroscope is to look at cell. It can make a cell look much bigger.

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MICROSCOPEMicroscope is to look at cell. It can make a cell look much bigger.

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HOW TO USE A MICROSCOPE

1.Put the microscope on a table with the arm toward you2.Turn the low power objective lens until you hear the “click” sound3. Make sure that the low power objective lens is above the hole in the stage4.Open the diaphragm to the maximum opening5. Look through the eyepiece , adjust the mirror until you see a bright6.Put a specimen slide over the hole of the stage. Fix the slide’s position with the clips7.Turn the coarse focus knob to lower the objective lens to about 10 mm above the slide8.Look through the eyepiece. Turn the coarse focus knob to move the objective lens upwards until you can see a clear image9.Turn the fine focus knob to get a sharp image

10. Turn the high power objective lens until you hear the click sound

LOOKING AT CHEEK CELL

Apparatus

Microscope, Glass slide, cover slip, methylene blue solution. Toothpick and needle.

Procedure

1.Put a drop of methylene blue solution on a glass slide (figure 2.4)

2.Scrape the inside of your cheek with toothpick (figure 2.5)

3. Add the scraping to the methylene on the glass slide (figure 2.6)

4.Put the cover slip at an angle of 45 to the glass slide (figure 2.7)

5.Lower the cover slip slowly to avoid getting air bubbles

6.Look at the slide with low power objective lens

i.What is general shape of cell?

ii. Does the shape of the cell change?

7.Use the high power objective lens . Look at the cell

i. Do the cell have the same structure?

ii.Draw the label the general structure of the cheek cell

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needle

Cover slip

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Cell membrane

nucleuscytoplasm

i. Chemical reactionsii. Stores foodiii. Waste products

i. Control all activity of cell

i. Control substances into or out of cell

An animal cell

ii. Thin layer

Plant cellApparatusMicroscope, glass slide, cover slip, iodine solution, onion, blade, forceps,needle, dropper.

Procedure

1. Cut a small section from the scale leaf of an onion (figure 2.9)2. Use the pair of forceps to pull out of inner epidermal layer 3. Spread out the inner epidermal layer carefully on a glass slide and add a drop iodine.4. Lower the cover slip on top of the epidermal layer using the needle 5. Look at the slide using microscope ,. Using the low power objective lens

i. What is the general shape of the onion cells?ii. Do the cell look like the cheek cells?

6. Look at the structure of the cells with the high power objective lens. Draw and label the structures

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Cell wall

Chloroplast

Cytoplasm

Vacuole

NucleusCell membrane

i. a thick layerii. Supports and gives regular shape

A plant cell

ii. Plant make food by photosynthesis

i. Contain chlorophyll to photosynthesis

A

E

D

F IC

HB

G

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

DIAGRAM P DIAGRAM Q

FUNCTION OF THE CELL STRUCTURES

Protects and maintains the shape of the cell

Controls substances that enter and leave the cell

Controls all the activities of the cell

Stores salt and sugar solution, keeps the cell turgid

Stores food and waste products, chemical reactions take place

NUCLEUS

CELL MEMBRANE

CELL WALL

VACUOLE

CYTOPLASM

CHLOROPLAST Contains chlorophyll - to trap sunlight for photosynthesis

Water pressure in plant

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TWO CELLS

STRUCTURE PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM

CELL MEMBRANE

CHLOROPLAST

VACUOLE

CELL WALL

YES YES

NO

NO

NO

YESYES

YES

YES

YES

YES YES

TASK SHEET 1 (True/False)State whether the following statements

are true (T) or false (F)

1. The animal cell has a cell wall 2. Animal cells can make their own food3. The cell wall gives shape to the plant cell4. Both plant and animal cells have cells membrane 5. An animal cells have vacuole

F

F

T

T

F

UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR1. Amoeba , Paramecium, Euglena, yeast and Chlamydomonas are made up of

we call2. “Uni” means “one”3. Multicellular organisms are made up

5. The human body , Animals and most plant are also multicellular organisms

are very small organisms. You can see them with microscope

are example of multicellular microorganisms

AmoebaParamecium

Euglena yeast

Chlamydomonas

one cell andunicellular organisms

many cell.

6. MicroorganismsMost microorganisms are unicellularbut some microorganisms are multicellular

8. Hydra and spirogyra

DAY DATE

Hydra spirogyra

PMR 2012

PMR 2005

PMR 2011

Akhir Tahun 2011

PMR 2012

DAY DATEORGANISATION OF CELL

The cell in the human body have different shape, size and functions.

Muscle cell

White blood cell

enable us to move

Kill the bacteria in the body

Red blood cells

Carry oxygen

Nerve cellsCarry impulse to body

sperm

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CellThe basic unit

TissueSame type of cells and work together

Organi.Made up of different tissue

ii.Work together to perform a function

System

i.Made up different organ

ii.Work together to perform a function

Organisms

i.Made up different system

ii.That work together

ORGANISATION OF CELL

ORGANISATION OF CELL

PMR 2012

HUMAN AS COMPLECS ORGANISMS DATE

1. Examples of system in human body

PMR 2006

Penutup

2. Tasbih Kifarah.

1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr