David Rosenhan: Pseudo-Patient Experiment

Investigated reliability of psychiatric diagnoses Eight healthy people entered psychiatric hospitals complaining

of hearing strange voices Once admitted to the hospital, they behaved normally and

claimed that the voices had disappeared

Classifying Psychological Disorders

The American Psychiatric Association rendered

a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders (DSM) to describe psychologicaldisorders and their prevelance.

The most recent edition,DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision,

2000), describes 400psychological disorderscompared to 60 in the

1950s.

Multiaxial Classification : DSM-IV serves as guidelines for making decisions about symptoms

Axis I

Axis II

Axis III

Axis IV

Axis V

Is a Clinical Syndrome (childhood, anxiety, moodPsychotic, somatoform, etc.) present?

Is a Personality Disorder present? (enduring, maladaptive, inflexible, impaired functioning)

Is a General Medical Condition (diabetes, hypothyroidism) present?

Are Psychosocial or Environmental Problems(social isolation, traumatic event) also present?

What is the Global Assessment of the person’sFunctioning? (physical, social, occupational) 1-100

Clinical Diagnosis of Jeffrey Dahmer: Antisocial Personality Disorder

Axis I: Unusual sexual symptoms may match those of a sexual disorder

Axis II: Maladaptive Personality disorder

Axis III: N/A Axis IV: Loner, poor self

esteem, poor social skills which match psycho-social symptoms

Axis V: Amazingly, Dahmer functioned well enough to hold a job & go unnoticed in his neighborhood

SCHIZOPHRENIA

SCHIZOPHRENIA

A mental disorder that stems from the brain that interferes with a person’s ability to think, feel, and act.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (cause and distribution)

Males and females are at equal risk.

Males onset between ages 16-25

Females onset between ages 20-30

May occur at any age

EPIDEMIOLOGYCONT.

Biochemistry Dopamine

Biology & Genetic Predispositions

Stress and Drug Abuse

Virus Hypothesis & Nutritional Theories (Bio-psycho-social

model)

SYMPTOMS Positive-unusual

thoughts, hallucinations, delusions, disorders of movement.

Negative-decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in life.

Disorganized-problems with memory, attention, sounds, and sights.Van Gogh’s (Starry Night)

DIAGNOSIS

Currently, no specific laboratory tests for diagnosing schizophrenia.

Blood tests and X-rays

Referral to psychologist or psychiatrist

If person exhibits schizophrenia symptoms for more than six months individual is considered schizophrenic.

Schizophrenic Normal

SUBTYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Undifferentiated-reduction of interests and relationships, lack emotional depth, withdrawal.

Hebephrenic-childish or bizarre behavior, hallucinations.

Catatonic-unusual motor behaviors, impulsive behavior.

Paranoid-delusions, illogical thinking, hallucinations.

TREATMENTS Medications- Antipsychotics are primary

medications, reduces symptoms of hallucinations & delusions. (clozapine)

Psychosocial Therapy- Most effective, includes rehabilitation helping to focus on skills and training for future independence.

Hospitalization- patients exhibiting severe symptoms, to prevent injury & gain stability

Psychosurgery- lobotomy operation.

http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid203712179/bctid347806832

There is no cure for schizophrenia