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LIUWG – Options for Powering Phase I

David Nisbet

•Summary of points from LIUWG 7

•Existing topology

•Future topology ideas

•Overview of possible topologies

•Summary of options

•Discussion…

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Existing Triplet

Q3Q2bQ2aQ1

i1

i2i3

ifwd3

Inductive couplingComplex

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1 2a 32b

MQXC MQXCMQXC MQXC

IQ2 = = 12. 3 kA IQ3 = 12.3 kAIQ1 = 12.3 kA

13kA

Vcv1

- Cost - Easy to control- Volumebut- No flexibility (IQ1=IQ2a=IQ2b=IQ3)- Quench protection- String test

LIUWG7 – Proposal1

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13kA

Vcv2b

1 2a 32b

MQXC MQXCMQXC MQXC

IQ2 = = 12. 3 kA IQ3 = 12.3 kAIQ1 = 12.3 kA

13kA

Vcv1

13kA

Vcv3

13kA

Vcv2a

- Full flexibility (easy to control )- Easy for quench protection (no heater, no extraction)- no string testbut-Cost ( f[voltage] => distance from DFB)- volume

LIUWG7 – Proposal2

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1 2a 32b

13kA13kA

Vcv1 Vcv2

MQXC MQXCMQXC MQXC

IF = = 12. 3 kA IQ3 = 12.3 kAIQ1 = 12.3 kA

- Easy to control - Two identical strings

but-IQ1 = IQ3 and IQ2a = IQ2b (Possible to add trims on Q1 or Q3? How many % ?)

LIUWG7 – Proposal3

David

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Phase I Triplet – LIUWG7 Proposals

• Several options for powering• Optimum choice is a compromise of

– Ease of protection– Electrical complexity– Volume– Cost

• LIUWG7– Baseline retained was for a single 13kA source

with 3x 600A correctors

• The following slides expand on all the possible options

David

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Magnet and Cryostat Layout?

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

Cold Link to UJ

Separate Link for D1?

Lead configuration indicative only

David

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Option1 – Individual Powering

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

4x [12kA, 8V]1Q, N+1

4x6 = 24 x 19" Racks

David

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Option1 – Individual Powering

• No bypass diodes• No EE Switch / resistor• No 4Q trim PCs• No coupling• Simple…

• Current Decay Time (I=0A)– R= 300uOhm, L = 52mH, t = ~14 min– Note: ramp down of RB/RQF/RQD = 30min…

• Control of negative ramp rate– 1Q converters– Particularly limited at low current

• Volume – Existing Triplet: 10 Racks, 18.6kA installed– Phase 1: 24 Racks, 56kA installed

• Current Leads: 5x 12kA continuous

David

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Option2 – Main Feed with 1Q Trims

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

[10kA, 8V]1Q, N+1

5 x 19" Racks

[2kA, 8V]1Q

1 x 19" Racks

[2kA, 8V]1Q

1 x 19" Racks

[2kA, 8V]1Q

1 x 19" Racks

David

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Option2 – Main Feed with 1Q Trims

• 1x bypass diode• No EE Switch / resistor• No 4Q trim PCs• Volume

– Existing Triplet: 10 Racks, 18.6kA installed– Phase 1: 8 Racks, 18kA installed

• Current Leads: 5x– 2x 12kA continuous– 3x 12kA peak; 2kA continuous

• Current Decay Time (I=0A)– R= 300uOhm, L = 208mH, t = ~57 min– Note: ramp down of RB/RQF/RQD = 30min…

• Control of negative ramp rate– 1Q converters– Particularly limited at low current

• Inductive coupling of 4 systems

David

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Option3 – Main Feed with 1Q Trims and EE

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

[10kA, 8V]1Q, N+1

5 x 19" Racks

[2kA, 8V]1Q

1 x 19" Racks

[2kA, 8V]1Q

1 x 19" Racks

[2kA, 8V]1Q

1 x 19" Racks

4x Bypass DiodeLow leakage currentHigh Vf12kAAir cooled for tEE ?

Di/dt = ~10 A/s (as for RB/QF/QD)Thus Vmagnet = L.di/dt = 52.10e3.10= ~0.5VHence Vf diode > 0.5V

Measurement of current after diodes?Or measurement of current in diodes?

David

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2008

Option3 – Main Feed with 1Q Trims and EE

• No 4Q trim PCs• Volume

– Existing Triplet: 10 Racks, 18.6kA installed– Phase 1: 8 Racks, 18kA installed

• Current Decay Time

• 4x bypass diode– Leakage current? Precision? Proximity to current leads?

• Current Leads: 5x– 2x 12kA continuous– 3x 12kA peak; 2kA continuous

• Control of negative ramp rate– 1Q converters– Particularly limited at low current

• Inductive coupling of 4 systems

David

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2008

Option4 – Main Feed with 4Q Trims and EE

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

[12kA, 8V]1Q, N+1

6 x 19" Racks

[±600A, ±10V]4Q

0.5 x 19" Racks

3x Controlled switch12kALow leakage currentAir cooled for tEE ?

[±600A, ±10V]4Q

0.5 x 19" Racks

[±600A, ±10V]4Q

0.5 x 19" Racks

1x DiodeLow leakage currentHigh Vf12kAAir cooled for tEE ?

David

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2008

Option4 – Main Feed with 4Q Trims and EE

• Volume – Existing Triplet: 10 Racks, 18.6kA installed– Phase 1: 7.5 Racks, 15.8kA installed

• Current Decay Time• Control of negative ramp rate

– 4Q converters (but only for trim)

• 4Q trim PCs– Active bypass protection

• 4x bypass diode– Leakage current? Precision? Proximity to current leads?

• Current Leads: 5x– 2x 12kA continuous– 3x 12kA peak; 600A continuous

• Protection more complex – requires detailed study• Inductive coupling of 4 systems

David

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2008

Option5 – Split Powering1

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

2x [12kA, 8V]1Q, N+1

2x6 = 12 x 19" Racks

2x [2kA, 8V]1Q, (N+1)

2x1 = 2 x 19" Racks

David

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2008

Option5 – Split Powering1

• 1Q trim PCs

• Volume – Existing Triplet: 10 Racks, 18.6kA installed– Phase 1 : 14 Racks, 18kA installed – Potential for N+1 trims and 22kA installed in same volume

• 4x bypass diode– Leakage current? Precision? Proximity to current leads?

• Protection straightforward• Inductive coupling of 2 systems• Current Leads: 6x

– 4x 12kA continuous– 2x 12kA peak; 2kA continuous

• Control of negative ramp rate– 1Q converters– Particularly limited at low current

• Current Decay Time– R= 300uOhm, L = 108mH, t = ~30min– Note: ramp down of RB/RQF/RQD = 30min…

David

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2008

Option6 – Split Powering2

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

2x [12kA, 8V]1Q, N+1

2x6 = 12 x 19" Racks

2x [2kA, 8V]1Q, (N+1)

2x1 = 2 x 19" Racks

[2kA, 8V]

[2kA, 8V]

[12kA, 8V]

[12kA, 8V]

David

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17

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2008

Option6 – Split Powering2• Current Decay Time• 1Q trim PCs

• Volume – Existing Triplet: 10 Racks, 18.6kA installed– Phase 1 : 14 Racks, 18kA installed – Potential for N+1 trims and 22kA installed in same volume

• 4x bypass diode– Leakage current? Precision? Proximity to current leads?

• Protection straightforward• Inductive coupling of 2 systems• Current Leads: 6x

– 4x 12kA continuous– 2x 12kA peak; 2kA continuous

• Layout of DFB for protection and leads

• Control of negative ramp rate– 1Q converters– Particularly limited at low current

• Current Decay Time– R= 300uOhm, L = 108mH, t = ~30min– Note: ramp down of RB/RQF/RQD = 30min…

• Internal connection from Q1 to Q3

David

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2008

Option7 – Split Powering1 with EE

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

2x [12kA, 8V]1Q, N+1

2x6 = 12 x 19" Racks

2x [2kA, 8V]1Q, (N+1)

2x1 = 2 x 19" Racks

2x EE 12kA

David

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2008

Option7 – Split Powering1 with EE

• Current Decay Time• 1Q trim PCs

• Volume – Existing Triplet: 10 Racks, 18.6kA installed– Phase 1 : 14 Racks, 18kA installed – Potential for N+1 trims and 22kA installed in same volume

• 4x bypass diode– Leakage current? Precision? Proximity to current leads?

• Protection straightforward• Coupling

– Inductive coupling of 2 systems– Resistive coupling of 2 systems through switch resistance

• Current Leads: 6x– 4x 12kA continuous– 2x 12kA peak; 2kA continuous

• Two 12kA EE systems required– but at half energy of single system

• Control of negative ramp rate– 1Q converters– Particularly limited at low current

David

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2008

D1 and Corrector Powering

D1 MQX (Q3) MQX (Q2b) MQX (Q2a) MQX (Q1)

6.8kA40mH

10kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

12kA52mH

12.6kA52mH

MCBXV MCBXHMCSOX MQSXMCTX

550A1.2H

550A145mH

550A1.2H

550A29mH

100A3mH

MCSX

50A90mH

[8kA, 8V]1Q, N+1

5 x 19" Racks

2x [±600A, ±10V]4Q

1 x 19" Racks

2x [±600A, ±10V]4Q

1 x 19" Racks

2x [±120A, ±10V]4Q

1 x 19" Racks

• Volume – Existing Correctors: 6

Racks, 5.04kA installed– Phase 1 Correctors +

D1 : 8 Racks, 12.64kA installed

• Existing LHC designs can be used

– Existing correctors: 8x [±600A, ±10V]

– Phase 1 Correctors: 4x [±600A, ±10V]

– Hopefully re-use existing 4Q 600A correctors

David

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2008

Summary Table

Option Description

1PO***

Individual Powering– 4x 12kA 1Q Individual PCs– 24 Racks, 5x 12kA current leads

2 Main feed with 1Q Trims– {1 x 10kA, 3 x 2kA} PCs– 8 Racks, {2x 12kA + 3x 12kA peak} current leads– Inductive coupling

3 Main feed with 1Q Trims and EE– {1 x 10kA, 3 x 2kA} PCs, 1x 12kA 208mH EE, Warm bypass diodes– 8 Racks, {2x 12kA + 3x 12kA peak} current leads– Inductive coupling

4 Main feed with 4Q Trims and EE– {1 x 12kA, 3 x ±600A} PCs, 1x 12kA 208mH EE, Warm bypass thyristors– 7.5 Racks, {2x 12kA + 3x 12kA peak} current leads– Inductive coupling, complex protection

David

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2008

Summary Table (contd)

Option Description

5PO**

Split Powering1– {2 x 12kA, 2 x 2kA} PCs, Warm bypass diodes– 14 Racks, [4x 12kA + 2x 12kA peak} current leads– Inductive coupling

6 Split Powering2– {2 x 12kA, 2 x 2kA} PCs, Warm bypass diodes– 14 Racks, [4x 12kA + 2x 12kA peak} current leads– Inductive coupling, internal wiring from Q1 to Q3

7 Split Powering1 with EE– {2 x 12kA, 2 x 2kA} PCs, 1 x 12kA 104mH EE, Warm bypass diodes– 14 Racks, [4x 12kA + 2x 12kA peak} current leads– Inductive and resistive coupling

David

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2008

Conclusion

• Powering Preferences• Individual Powering is preferred choice

(Option 1)– Can powering be made from the surface (long

cold link)?– Perhaps volume and cost constraints– No issues with radiation and access; installation

in advance…

• Second choice is for Split Powering1• Is an Energy Extraction system really

necessary, or can we rely on Heaters?