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David Finkel Computer Science and IMGD John Wilkes Social Science and Policy Studies. The Main Idea. There are well-established statistics on the distribution of Myers Briggs types in the population The authors’ research connects MBTI to game play style - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Interactive Media and Game Development1
David FinkelComputer Science and IMGD
John WilkesSocial Science and Policy
Studies
Interactive Media and Game Development2
The Main Idea• There are well-established statistics on the
distribution of Myers Briggs types in the population
• The authors’ research connects MBTI to game play style
• We are designing games for a very small proportion of the population!!!
Interactive Media and Game Development3
A Zen Story about Game DesignFive wise, blind elephants were discussing
what humans were like. They decided to answer the question by direct experience.
The first wise, blind elephant felt the human and declared, “Humans are flat.”
The other wise, blind elephants agreed.
Interactive Media and Game Development4
Audience Models• Previous approaches:
– The EA Audience Model– International Hobo Model (2000)– Market Vectors
• MBTI• DGD1 (Demographic Game Design 1,
developed by International Hobo)
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The EA Audience Model
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International Hobo Model (2000)
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Market Vector
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MBTI
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MBTI Dichotomies
• Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I)• Sensing (S) vs. iNtuition (N)• Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)• Judging vs. Perceiving (P)
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Representative Jobs• INTJ: Scientist, computer programmer, mathematician• ISTP: Artisan, race car driver, computer programmer• ISFP: Artist, bookkeeper, crisis hotline operator• INTP: Architect, college professor, computer programmer• ESFP: Entertainer, musician, teacher• ENFP: Journalist, clergy, character actor• ENTP: Inventor, venture capitalist, art director• ENFJ: Pedagogue, entertainer, artist
Interactive Media and Game Development11
Demographic Game Design 1(DGD1)
• Developed by International Hobo (2004)• Based on on-line survey of 400 participants• Survey to determine MBTI• Questionnaire to determine game buying
and playing habits, performed cluster analysis
• Follow-up study of about 80 participants
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Type of Game Players and MBTI• Type 1 Conqueror
– TJ: ISTJ, INTJ, ESTJ, ENTJ• Type 2 Manager
– TP: ISTP, ISTP, INTP, ENTP, ESTP• Type 3 Wanderer
– FP: INFP, ENFP, ISFP, ESFP• Type 4 Participant (?)
– FJ: ESFJ, ESFJ, ISFJ, ENFJ, INFJ• Each type further divided into hardcore and casual
Interactive Media and Game Development13
Hardcore vs. Casual• Hardcore
– Buy and play many games– Enjoy a challenge, game mastery– Longer play sessions– Game play as a lifestyle preference
• Casual– Buy fewer games, popular games– Have fun, or immersion in an interesting experience– Shorter play sessions– Game play as another pastime, like TV or movies
Interactive Media and Game Development14
Type 1: Conqueror• Winning, beating the game, domination• Enjoys giving advice about games• Hard fun: meaningful challenges• On-line play is attractive / social• Opportunity for advancement (level up /
better weapons)• Vocal hardcore: post and argue about games
Interactive Media and Game Development15
Type 2: Manager
• Prefer strategy or tactical challenges• Mastery: learning how to play well• Open-world games attractive• Steady progress• Less interested in social experience
Interactive Media and Game Development16
Type 3: Wanderer• Looking for enjoyment or interesting experience,
instead of a challenge• Easy fun• Emotional experience from perception and
behavior• If a Type 3 player gets stuck, might turn to a Type
1 or 2 friend for help.• Relatively few games written for this type of
player
Interactive Media and Game Development17
Type 4: Participant• FJ’s are the largest group in the population,
but the smallest group in the survey– They aren’t game players
• Very little data• Want to participate in a story or a social
grouping. Collaborative• Almost no games for this type of player
Interactive Media and Game Development18
Proportions in the population based on MBTI studies
• Type 1 Conqueror: 24%• Type 2 Manager: 16%• Type 3 Wanderer: 30%• Type 4 Participant: 30%
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Conclusions• Games are mostly designed for Type 1 and
Type 2 players• and mostly purchased by hardcore players• These represent perhaps 15% of the
population• But most game programmers and game
press writers fall in these categories!
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What to do about it
• The second half of 21st Century Game Design discusses design approaches for different genres of games to appeal to the different types of players
• From Ernest Adams’ GDC Talk:
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Interactive Media and Game Development22
Interactive Media and Game Development23
Adams’ Suggestions for Game Activities
• Overcoming challenges• Exploration• Enjoying natural beauty• Listening to sounds, music• Acquiring items (shopping)• Learning skills • Meeting people
Interactive Media and Game Development24
What about Game Design?
• Authors suggest usual market vector• Instead of creating games for different
gaming types, create games for all types• Depend on hardcore players to recommend
games to casual players
Interactive Media and Game Development25
Market Vector
Interactive Media and Game Development26
David FinkelComputer Science and IMGD
John WilkesSocial Science and Policy
Studies