Upload
hendriknurfitrianto
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
1/14
B C Z H-Wrtzkrzt bch Pjtkjidchoch,
C( Pjhbcmzazch
Bczh cbcacm etoch |cho djtwlncr nerewlhrjrlk |cho mch|c rjtbcpcr pcbc dcrcho wcfc(
Bczh rzidzmch cholewpjticj wchocr djtchjkc tcoci bcaci djhrzk iczpzh wrtzkrzt
azct( Pcbc zizih|c bczh ijipzh|cl dcolch)dcolch chrctc aclh! pjajpcm bczh! rchokcl
bczh! bch mjacl bczh( Dcolch)dcolch rjtwjdzr pcbc zizh|c rjtbcpcr pcbc bczh wjipzthc!
ilwcah|c bczh plwcho! bczh kjacbl( Cbcpzac bczh |cho mch|c rjtbltl bctl rchokcl bch
mjaclch wcfc! pjajpcm bch mjaclch wcfc! dcmkch cbc bczh |cho mch|c rjtbltl bctl mjaclchwcfc( Bczh |cho rlbck ijipzh|cl kjrloc dcolch bczh! pcbc zizih|c blwjdzr bczh rck
wjipzthc( Ilwcah|c bczh hchokc mch|c rjtbltl bctl rchokcl bch mjaclch; bczh pcbl!
mch|c rjtbltl pjajpcm bch mjaclch wcfc; dcmkch bczh dzhoc kjtrcw mch|c rjtbltl bctl
mjaclch wcfc( Pcbc rzidzmch rjtrjhrz blbcpcrkch cbch|c wrtzkrzt wjpjtrl bczh! hcizh
wjdjhcth|c dzkch bczh rjrcpl rchokcl bczh |cho ijilplm! wrtzkrzt |cho bjilklch
blwjdzr nlaeblc! rjtbcpcr pcbc Cgcglc(
D( Wrtzkrzt Chcreil BczhDlac bczh bldzcr ltlwch wjgctc ijalhrcho! kjizblch blcicrl bldc cm ilktewkep
ickc bctl pjtizkcch crcw wcipcl pjtizkcch dc cm wjgctc djtrztzr)rztzr bcpcr blfzipcl
djtdcocl icgci fctlhoch crcz w|wrji fctlhoch pjh|zwzh wrtzkrzt bczh wjpjtrl rcipck
pcbc ocidct 42 djtlkzr lhl(
Ocidct 42 ( Wrtzkrzt bczh bcaci djhrzk 7 blijhwl( Ocidct crcw! wrtzkrzt zizi perehoch ijalhrcho bczhijacazl ldz rzacho bczh( Ocidct kchch! ctcm pjierehoch pcbc bczh |cho icwlm zrzm! wjbchokch ocidct dc cm ijipjtalmcrkch wrtzkrzt bczh bcaci djhrzk 7 blijhwl -bctl Izaajt,(
74
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
2/14
3( Jplbjtilw bch bjtl~crh|c
Jplbjtilw bczh rjtbcpcr bl pjtizkcch crcw iczpzh pjtizkcch dc cm wjdcocl mcwla
pjidjacmch wjgctc pjtlkalhca bctl ijtlwrji ictolhca bczh pcbc icwc
pjtkjidchochh|c( Pcbc zizih|c jplbjtilw bczh rjtbltl bctl wcrz acplw! rjrcpl cbc
fzoc |cho rjtbltl bctl djdjtcpc acplw wja jplbjtilw ilwcah|c pcbc bczh Nlgzw bch
Hjtlzi! dcmkch pcbc bczh Pjpjteilc ijipzh|cl acplwch jplbjtilw crcw |cho
wchocr rjdca! wjmlhooc ijajdlml kjrjdcach dcolch ijwenlah|c! wjpjtrl ripck pcbc
ocidct 4: ( Fziacm acplwch jplbjtilw crcw pcbc zizih|c ajdlm dch|ck bctlpcbc
acplwch jplbjtilw dc cm(
Ocidct 4: ( Pjhcipcho ijalrcho bczh Pjpjteilc ( Ijipjtalmcrkch jplbjtilw ajdl bctl wcrz acplw!ckldcrh|c acplwch jplbjtilw fczm ajdlm rjdca bldchblhokch bjhoch ijwenlah|c -bctl Tc~jh,(
Blhblho wja jplbjtilw ijhocacil pjhjdcach |cho rlbck ijtcrc( Blhblho wja
jplbjtilw |cho ijhomcbcp kjazct pcbc zizi ijipzh|cl blhblho |cho ajdlm rjdcabctlpcbc blhblho wja jplbjtilw |cho ijhomcbcp kj bcaci( Pjhjdcach blhblho wja
jplbjtilw bcpcr rjtbltl bctl dcmch alohlh! kzrlh! iczpzh alalh( Pjhjdcach blhblho wja
jplbjtilw dcolch azct rjtochrzho pcbc fjhlw rzidzmch bch rjtzrcic alhokzhoch
rjipcr rzidzmch rjtwjdzr mlbzp( Bczh rzidzmch |cho mlbzph|c rjhoojaci bl bcaci
clt! ijipzh|cl blhblho wja jplbjtilw |cho rlplw bjhoch pjhjdcach kzrlkzac |cho
rlplw pzac! wjbchokch bczh rzidzmch |cho mlbzp pcbc alhokzhoch gjhbjtzho
kjkztchoch clt! ijipzh|cl blhblho wja jplbjtilw |cho rjdca bjhoch pjhjdcachkzrlkzac |cho rjdca pzac( Pcbc jplbjtilw bczh! wjaclh rjtwzwzh eajm wja)wja jplbjtilw
77
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
3/14
fzoc rjtwzwzh eajm bjtl~cr)bjtl~crh|c! ilwcah|c wreicrc! rtlkeicrc! bch ieblnlkcwl
bctl jplbjtilw! ilwcah|c alreklw! wja)wja klpcw |cho djtnzhowl zhrzk ijhoozazho bczh
pcbc Pecgjcj(
Wreicrc! ijtzpckch bjtl~cr jplbjtilw! rjtbcpcr pcbc pjtizkcch crcw! pjtizkcch
dc cm! crcz pcbc kjbzc pjtizkcch bczh( Bczh |cho ijilalkl wreicrc pcbc kjbzc
pjtizkcchh|c blwjdzr bczh |cho cinlwreicrlk! bczh |cho ijilalkl wreicrc pcbc
pjtizkcch crcw wcfc blwjdzr jplwreicrlk! wjbchokch bczh |cho ijilalkl wreicrc
pcbc pjtizkcch dc cm wcfc blwjdzr mlpewreicrlk( Pcbc bczh rzidzmch |cho mlbzp
pcbc alhokzhoch kjkztchoch clt -}jtenlr,! wreicrc rjtbcpcr crcz rjtwjidzh|l bcaci
wzcrz tzcho wzdwreicrc pcbc pjtizkcch bczh( Wreicrc |cho ajrckh|c rjtwjidzh|l
blwjdzr bjhoch wreicrc |cho ktlprepet! wjbchokch wreicrc |cho rjtbcpcr pcbc
pjtizkcch crcz wjfcfct bjhoch ajrck jplbjtilw bczh blwjdzr wreicrc |cho pchjtepet
-almcr ocidct 4>,(
Ocidct 4> ( Pjhcipcho ijalhrcho bczh( Ocidct C ijipjtalmcrkch wrtzkrzt bczh tzipzr( Pjtmcrlkchcbch|c wja klpcw pcbc pjtizkcch crcw bch wreicrc pcbc pjtizkcch crcw iczpzh dc cm( Ocidct Dijipjtalmcrkch wrtzkrzt bczh fcozho( Pjtmcrlkch wreich|c! rjtajrck pcbc pjtizkcch dc cm(Pjtmcrlkch pzac cbch|c Ktchv chcreil( Rtlkeicrc ! ijtzpckch bjtl~cr jplbjtilw |cho djtzpc tcidzr)tcidzr( Rjtbcpcr pcbc
pcbc wjaztzm pjtizkcch bczh( Nzhowl rtlkeic wjdcocl pjalhbzho iczpzh wjdcocl
kjajhfct( Rtlkeic fzoc rjtbcpcr tzcho wzdwreicrc bch djtnzhowl zhrzk ijhoztcholacfz rtchwpltcwl! ilwcah|c rjtbcpcr pcbc Hjtlzi( -almcr ocidct 4?,
Ieblnlkcwl jplbjtilw! wja alreklw ijtzpckch ieblnlkcwl jplbjtilw! djtzpc wja
jplbjtilw rjtzrcic wja cplbjtilw pcbc pjtizkcch crcw bczh |cho djtlwl wlwrealr |clrz
ktlwrca GcGE7 bjhoch djhrzk |cho rlbck rjtcrzt bch bcpcr ijholwl wjaztzm tzchoch
wja jplbjtilw( Djhrzk ieblnlkcwl jplbjtilw aclh cbcacm wja)wja klpcw! djtzpc wjbjtjr
wja)wja |cho djtzkztch ajdlm djwct bctlpcbc zkztch wja jplbjtilw blwjklrcth|c!
djtblhblho rlplw bch djtnzhowl zhrzk ijhoozazho bczh cpcdlac bcaci kehblwl
alhokzhoch |cho pchcw bch kjtlho(
72
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
4/14
4( Ijwenla
Ijtzpckch bcjtcm blchrctc jplbjtilw crcw bch jplbjtilw dc cm( Ijwenla bczh pcbc
zizi bllwl eajm fctlhoch pctjhkli crcz pctjhklicrlk |cho djtcwca bctl mcwla
pjidjacmch ijtlwrji wzdictolhca dclk wjgctc pjtlkalhca iczpzh chrlkalhca( Fctlhoch
|cho ijholwl ijwenla! wja)wjah|c ijhochbzho kaetepacw! wjmlhooc pcbc dcolch lhlacm
nzhowl nerewlhrjrlk bctl bczh bcpcr rjtackwchc( Bl wciplho fctlhoch pctjhkli! pcbc
ijwenla fzoc rjtbcpcr djtkcw pjhochokzr bczh( Pcbc rzidzmch rjtrjhrz! fctlhoch
pctjhkli rlbck ijhocacil blnjtjhwlcwl wjmlhooc ijwenla rjtlwl eajm fctlhoch bcwct
|cho djhrzkh|c wjtcoci bch djtblhblho rlplw! ilwcah|c rjtbcpcr pcbc bczh tzipzr)
tzipzrch bch djdjtcpc bczh rzidzmch blkerla( Pcbc bczh Bger|ajbehjcj pcbc
zizih|c fctlhoch bcwct ijwenla ijhocacil blnjtjhwlcwl ijhfcbl fctlhoch rlcho crcz
pctjhkli pcalwcbj bch fctlhoch dzhoc kctcho crcz pctjhkli wpehwc( -almcr ocid( 4?,
Ocidct 4? ( Pjhcipcho ijalhrcho bczh Hjtlzi eajchbjt ( Pjtmcrlkch ijwenlah|c! rjacmrjtbjnjtjhwlcwl ijhfcbl fctlhoch rlcho bch wpehwc( Pcbc jplbjtilw dc cm rcipck cbch|c tzchowzdwreicrc |cho rjtalhbzhol eajm rtlkeic -bctl Jwcz,(
Pctjhkli pcalwcbj crcz fctlhoch rlcho( Fctlhoch rlcho pcbc zizih|c rjtwzwzh
eajm wja)wja djtdjhrzk dcrcho! ajrckh|c djtbjtjr)bjtjr tcpcr rchpc tzcho chrct wja( Wja)
wja pjh|zwzh pctjhkli pcalwcbj ijhochbzho kaetepacw! wjmlhooc fctlhoch pctjhkli
pcalwcbj djtnzhowl wjdcocl fctlhoch nerewlhrjrlk( Pctjhkli pcalwcbj pcbc bczh blkerla
pcbc zizih|c rjtwzwzh crcw wcrz acplw bch rjtbcpcr pcbc pjtizkcch crcw bczh( Hcizh pcbc bczh Hjtlzi pctjhkli pcalwcbj rjtwzwzh ajdlm bctl wcrz acplw(
7:
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
5/14
Djtbcwctkch ajrck pctjhkli pcalwcbj! bczh bcpcr bldjbckch chrctc bczh |cho
ijilalkl acplwch pctjhkli pcalwcbj mch|c pcbc pjtizkcch crcw wcfc! blwjdzr bczh
dlncwlca crcz betwl~jhrtca bch bczh |cho ijipzh|cl acplwch pctjhkli pcalwcbj pcbc
kjbzc pjtizkcch bczh! blwjdzr bczh jszlncwlca crcz lweacrjtca -almcr ocid( 4=,( Bl
wciplho bczh bjhoch rlpj dlncwlca bch jszlncwlca! fzoc blrjizkch bczh rlpj
kehwjhrtlw |cho ijipzh|cl pctjhkli pcalwcbj |cho ajrckh|c ijhojalalhol djtkcw
pjhochokzr bczh! rjtzrcic pcbc bczh djhrzk fctzi! ilwcah|c pcbc Plhzw -almcr
ocid( 4=,(
Ocidct 4= ( Pjhcipcho ijalhrcho bczh Plhzw( Ijwenla wjhrtlw bjhoch djdjtcpc wcaztch tjwlh(Wreicrc rjtbcpcr pcbc dcolch pjtizkcch bczh -bctl Olnnetb,(
Pctjhkli wpehwc crcz fctlhoch dzhoc kctcho( Fctlhoch dzhoc kctcho rjtwzwzh
eajm wja)wja pctjhklicrlk |cho djhrzkh|c bch wzwzhchh|c rlbck rjtcrzt( Mzdzhoch
chrctc wja |cho wcrz bjhoch wja |cho aclh aehooct! wjmlhooc ijidjhrzk tzcho)tzcho
|cho djtlwl zbctc wjdcocl dcmch pjtrzkctch ocw bcaci tchokc nerewlhrjwlw iczpzh
tjwpltcwl( Wja)wja pjh|zwzh pctjhkli wpehwc ijhochbzho kaetepacw bch pcbc
zizih|c rjtbcpcr pcbc dcolch dc cm ijwenla( Tzchoch)tzchoch |cho rjtdjhrzk bl
chrctc wja)wja pjh|zwzh fctlhoch wpehwc pcbc zizih|c djtmzdzhoch achowzho
bjhoch wreicrc -almcr ocid( 4
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
6/14
Ocidct 4< ( Pjhcipcho ijalhrcho bczh Alal( Pjtmcrlkch fctlhoch rlcho |cho ijalpcr( Fctlhoch wpehwcijipzh|cl tzcho zbctc |cho djwct( Wreicrc pcbc zizih|c djtmzdzhoch achowzho bjhoch tzchozbctc pcbc fctlhoch wpehwc -bctl Jwcz,(
Djtkcw pjhochokzr bczh( Ijwenla bczh blrjidzw wjfziacm djtkcw pjhochokzr crcz
~jhc |cho ijtzpckch kjachfzrch bctl wlwrji pjhochokzr pcbc dcrcho( Pcbc
rzidzmch Blkerla! ~jhc djtgcdcho)gcdcho ijidjhrzk wzcrz peac pjtgcdchoch( ^jhc
kjgla ijtzpckch pjtgcdchoch bctl ~jhc |cho ajdlm djwct( Peac pjtgcdchoch bjilklch
blkjhca bjhoch peac wjpjtrl fcac crcz hjrrjb ~jhcrleh -ocidct 70,( Wjtlho kcal ~jhc
|cho pcalho djwct ijichfcho wjpchfcho wzidz bczh wjdcocl ~jhc rjhocm! bch
djtwcic)wcic bjhoch fctlhoch bcwct ijidjhrzk ldz rzaho bczh( Djtdjbc bjhoch
bczh Iehekerla! ~jhc ijipzh|cl zkztch |cho mciplt wcic bch rjtwzwzh wjgctc
wjfcfct( Eajm kctjhc lrz! wzwzhch ~jhc pcbc bczh iehekerla blkjhca peac pctcaja crcz
pctcaja ~jhcrleh(
Ocidct 70( Mcwla pjhfjthlmch bczh crcz ajcn gajctlho pcbc bczh Pepzazw( Rcipck wzwzhc ~jhcijhfcac( ^jhc |cho djwct djtgcdcho)gcdcho ijhfcbl ~jhc |cho ajdlm kjgla! bjilklch wjrjtzwh|c
wjmlhooc rjtdjhrzk peac fcac pcbc djtkcw pjhochokzr bczh -bctl Tc~jh,(
7?
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
7/14
Wrtzkrzt djtkcw pjhochokzr bczh( Wjdcoclichc mcah|c wrtzkrzt djtkcw
pjhochokzr pcbc dcrcho! ickc djtkcw pjhochokzr pcbc bczhpzh ijipzh|cl
pjtwcicch( Djtkcw jhochokzr pcbc bczh rjtwzwzh eajm fctlhoch keipajk! |clrz wlaji
bch naeji( Icwlho)icwlho ijipzh|cl keipehjh crcz zhwzt wcic bjhoch zhwzt
wlaji bch naeji pcbc dcrcho( Wzcrz mca |cho ijidjbckch djtkcw pjhochokzr bczh
rjtmcbcp djtkcw pjhochokzr dcrcho lcacm ajrck wlaji( Pcbc bczh ajrck wlaji pcbc
pjtizkcch cbckwlca bczh crcz bl crcw naeji! wjbchokch pcbc dcrcho rjtajrck
blwjdjacm bcaci crcz bl dc cm naeji( Wjaclh zhwzt zrcic! djtkcw pjhochokzr pcbc
bczh fzoc blajhokcpl bjhoch fctlhoch pjhozcr djtzpc keajhkli( Pcbc bczh rzidzmch
rjtrjhrz! ilwcah|c pcbc fcozho crcz pcbc rzidzmch G)2 pcbc zizih|c! djtkcw
pjhochokzr blwjazdzhol eajm wja)wja |cho djtwlncr pctjhklicrlk! |cho blkjhca bjhoch
wjazdzho djtkcw pjhochokzr( Wrtzkrzt bczh |cho bjilklch blwjdzr fzoc bjhoch
Ktchv Chcrei|( -almcr ocidct 40,
G( Pjtkjidchoch bczh(
Bczh djtcwca bctl ptlietblzi bczh |cho rjtbcpcr pcbc bcjtcm ijtlwrji pzhgck
|cho rjtbcpcr pcbc zfzho dcrcho( Pjtkjidchoch ptlietblzi bczh wcipcl ijhfcbl bczh
ijacazl djdjtcpc rcmcp! |clrz 3,lhlwlcwl; 4, pjidjhrzkch pjh|chooc bczh; 7, blnjtjhwlcwl
c ca; 2, pjidjhrzkch wzidz bczh; :, rjtdjhrzkh|c gcaeh mjacl bczh bch >, mlwreojhjwlw(
3( Lhlwlcwl(Kjolcrch pjidjacmch wja |cho pcalho c ca rjtfcbl pcbc ijtlwrji pzhgck(Djtbcwctkch rjetl ijtlwrji |cho blkjidchokch eajm Wilrm! |cho blkjhca bjhoch
rjetl Rzhlgc)getpzwh|c! ickc pcbc ijtlwrji pzhgck rjtbcpcr bzc acplwch ijtlwrji!
|clrz acplwch rzhlkc |cho rjtbltl djdjtcpc acplw wja bch rjtajrck pcbc dcolch rjpl bctl
ijtlwrji pzhgck! wjbchokch djdjtcpc acplw wja |cho djtcbc bl wjdjacm bcacih|c
blwjdzr bjhoch getpzw( Pjidjacmch pjtrcic rjtfcbl pcbc bcjtcm rzhlgc bch djdjtcpc
acplw bcjtcm ketpzw( Pcbc bcjtcm rjtwjdzr wja)wjah|c ijidjacm wjgctc pjtlkalhca!
wjmlhooc ckch ijhomcwla icwwc wja |cho ijhehfea kj ctcm azct( Bjhoch bjilklch
rjtdjhrzkacm pjh|chooc bczh wjpjtrl |cho rcipck pcbc ocidct 73c(
4( Pjidjhrzkch pjh|chooc bczh( Wjdcocl ckldcr cbch|c pjidjacmch wjgctc pjtlkalhca pcbc bcjtcm rzhlkc bch ketpzw bch blachfzrkch bjhoch pjidjhrchoch wja! ickc
rjtdjhrzkacm rehfeach kj ctcm azct |cho wjachfzrh|c blwjdzr wjdcocl pjh|chooc bczh(
Pjh|chooc bczh lhl ckch rzidzm bch djtrcidcm pchfcho ijidjhrzk wzidz bczh(
Pjichfchoch pjh|chooc bczh wjdcocl ckldcr cbch|c kjolcrch ijtlwrji |cho rjtbcpcr
7=
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
8/14
pcbc pzhgck pjh|chooc bczh lrz wjhbltl -ocidct 73d,( Bjhoch bjilklch ijtlwrji
|cho rjtaldcr bcaci pjtkjidchoch bczh cbcacm ijtlwrji pzhgck
Ocidct 73 ( Ltlwch ijidzfzt zfzho dcrcho Geajzw! ijhzhfzkkch rcmcp c ca pjtkjidchoch bczh( -c,bzc rehfeach kjgla crcz pjh|chooc bczh rjtbcpcr pcbc wlwl |cho djtac chch( -d, bzc ptlietblziizhgza bctl kjbzc pjh|chooc bczh( -g, bzc ptlietblzi bczh |cho rjacm djtkjidcho ajdlm achfzr!rcipck cbch|c zhrclch ptekcidlzi |cho ijtzpckch kjachfzrch bctl djtkcw pjhochokzr pcbc dcrcho-bctl Tc~jh,(
7( Blnjtjhwlcwl c ca( Pjh|chooc bczh |cho rjacm rjtdjhrzk rjtbltl bctl fctlhoch |choicwlm wjbjtmchc( Djtbcwctkch rjetl ijtlwrji |cho blkjidchokch eajm Mcdjtachbr!
fctlhoch |cho ijh|zwzh pjh|chooc bczh rjtbltl bctl pterebjtic! ijtlwrji bcwct bch
ptekcidlzi( Bcaci pjtkjidchoch wjachfzrh|c! icwlho)icwlho ckch djtkjidchobch ijhomcwlakch jplbjtilw bch bjtl~crh|c! ijwenla bch djtkcw pjhochokzr bczh(
Zhrzk ajdlm fjacwh|c pjtmcrlkch ocidct 73g(
2( Pjidjhrzkch wzidz bczh( Wjdcocl mcwla pjtrzidzmch |cho gjpcr! ickc pjh|choocbczh ckch djtdjhrzk wjpjtrl kjtzgzr bjhoch wlwl cbckwlcah|c ijilplm( Zfzho kjtzgzr
djtpjtch wjdcocl ijtlwrji pzhgck( Bcaci pjtrzidzmch wjachfzrh|c pjh|chooc bczh
ckch icklh djtrcidcm pchfcho bch wjgctc djtchowzt)chowzt ijhbjkcrl pchokca
wjicklh ijilplm( Bjhoch bjilklch ptlietblzi bczh wzbcm bcpcr bldjbckch chrctc pjtizkcch crcw crcz cbckwlca bch pjtizkcch dc cm crcz cdckwlca( Mca rjtwjdzr
blwjdcdkch eajm ckrlnlrcw ijtlwrji cbckwlca( Pjtmcrlkch ocidct 74(
:( Pjidjhrzkch mjacl bczh( Wjacic c ca pjichfchoch bch pjhjdcach wzidz bczh!wja)wja cbckwlca dcolch rjpl ijidjacm ajdlm gjpcr bldchblhokch wja)wja ijtlwrji
bcwct |cho djtcbc blwjdcacm bcacih|c( Bjhoch bjilklch rjtdjhrzkacm bzc octlw
wjpjtrl wc|cp |cho djtkjidcho pcbc kjbzc rjplh|c wjdcocl ckldcr pjtgjpcrch
pjtrzidzmch wja)wja rjtwjdzr( Pcbc bczh |cho ijipzh|cl rchokcl! pjtrzidzmch
7
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
9/14
ictolhca ckch rjtrcmch pcbc dcolch pchokca wzidz bczh! |cho wjachfzrh|c kch
djtkjidchoch ijhfcbl rchokcl bczh( Pcbc pjhcipcho ijalhrchoh|c! kjbzc wlwl mjacl
bczh |cho wjbcho djtkjidcho rcipck dcm c pterebjtic ijh|jazdzhol djdjtcpc
acplw fctlhoch bcwct( Wja)wja dctz ckch blrcidcmkch pcbc acplwch aclh djtcwca bctl bzc
bjtjr lhlwlca ictolhca bch lhlwlca wzdictolhca -ocidct 74 bch 77,(
Ocidct 74 ( Blcotci pjhcipcho ijidzfzt bch ijalhrcho |cho ijhoocidct djdjtcpc pjtkjidchoch c ca bczh rjidckcz( -c, ptlietblzi bzh |cho wchocr izbc! rchpc mjacl bczh( -d,ijtlwrji ictolhca pcbc kjbzc wlwl izacl ckrln ijidjhrzk mjacl bczh( -g, ~jhc acrjtca zrcic rcipck rzidzm ijichfcho bctl wzidz zrcic crcz ilb~jlh( -b, ptlietblzi bczh wjicklh pchfcho! mjaclbczh wjicklh djtkjidcho! tcdzho%tlboj izhgza djtkclrch bjhoch ~jhc djwct! ~jhc kjgla izacl
djtkjidcho pcbc zfzho mjacl -bctl Tc~jh,(
Ocidct 77 ( Ocidct zfzho dcrcho mcwla pjiertjrch bjhoch ilktewkep jajkrteh wkchlho( Rcipck ptlietblzi bczh bcaci djdjtcpc rcmcp pjtkjidchoch -bctl Tc~jh,(
>( Mlwreojhjwlw( Wjrjacm mjacl bczh rjtdjhrzk! ptewjw wjachfzrh|c cbcacm ijh|ji) pzthckch fctlhoch pjh|zwzh bczh( Djtbcwctkch mcwla pjhjalrlch |cho blrjizkch pcbc
ptewjw rjtdjhrzkh|c fctlhoch pcbc bczh pcbl! ijtlwrji |cho rjtaldcr ckrln cbcacm
lhlwlca ictolhca bch wzdictolhca( Lhlwlca ictolhca ckch djtkjidcho ijhfcbl pte)
rebjtic cbckwlca bch cdckwlca! wjachfzrh|c ckch ijhocacil blnjtjhwlcwl ijidjhrzk
jplbjtilw crcw bch jplbjtilw dc cm( Lhlwlca wzdictolhca ckch bldjbckch ijhfcbl
20
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
10/14
acplwch crcw bch acplwch dc cm( Lhlwlca wzdictolhca acplw crcw ckch djtblnjtjhwlcwl
ijhfcbl bzc kjaeipek! wcrz kjaeipek achowzho djtblnjtjhwlcwl ijhfcbl acplwch
ijwenla crcw! tzwzk rjhocm cho ijhjdca! bch wjazdzho djtkcw pjhochokzr(
Wjbchokch kjaeipek |cho aclh ijtzpckch acplwch rjhocm bch zhrclch ptekcidlzi(
Kjaeipek lhl wjachfzrh|c ckch djtblnjtjhwlcwl ijhfcbl ijwenla dcolch rjhocm! djtkcw
pjhochokzr! bch wctzho djtkcw pjhochokzr( Lhlwlca wzdictolhca acplw dc cm bcaci
pjtkjidchoch wjachfzrh|c ckch djtblnjtjhwlcwl ijhfcbl pctjhkli wpehwc dc cm(
Wjrjacm pjtrzidzmch ictolhca wjajwcl! ickc wjachfzrh|c pjtrzidzmch bczh blach)
fzrkch eajm wja)wja bl bcaci mjaclch bczh wjgctc chrlkalhca |cho kjizblch blkjhca
wjdcocl ijtlwrji ajipjho crcz ijtlwrji pcpch crcz pjacr( Ckrlnlrcw ijtlwrji pjacr
ijhcidcm azcw pjtizkcch bczh bch wjkcalozw fzoc ijhcidcm pjhjdcach -ocidct
72,( Pcbc bczh Iehekerla! rjtzrcic bczh djtdjhrzk plrc! ilwcah|c fcozho! bl chrctc
pjajpcm bch mjacl bczh rjtbcpcr ijtlwrji |cho djtpjtch zhrzk ijhcidcm pchfcho
zkztch bczh( Ijtlwrji rjtwjdzr blkjhca bjhoch ijtlwrji lhrjtkcact(
Ocidct 72 ( Pjhcipcho ijalhrcho dcolch ictolhca bczh rjidckcz pcbc djtdcocl rcmcp pjt)kjidchoch |cho djtdjbc( Rcipck cbch|c pjidjacmch wja |cho wjgctc djtwcic bjhoch pjidjhrchochijhomcwlakch pjtrzidzmch mjacl bczh izbc( -3, ijhzhfzkkch ctcm pjidjacmch pterebjtic bchlhlwlca wzdictolhca( Wja d cbcacm wczbctc lhlwlca wzdictolhca c! kjbzch|c ijtzpckch mcwla pjidjacmch
pjtlkalhca lhlwlca wzdictolhca |cho djtcbc blrjipcr lrz( -4, ijhzhfzkkch bzc wja c3 bch c4! mcwla bctl pjidjacmch chrlkalhca wja c bch wja d3 bch d4 djtcwca bctl pjidjacmchc pjtlkalhca wja d( -7, bch -2,
pjtkjidchoch ijwenla bch zhrclch ptekcidlzi; pjtdjbcch rcmcp pjtkjidchoch blrchbcl bjhoch
23
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
11/14
heijt ztzr( -:, ltlwch ijidzfzt ijacazl dlbcho ijblch ptlietblzi! ijhzhfzkkch zhrclch pte~cwkzact bch tzwzk rjhocm -bctl Jwcz,(
B( Ietneojhjwlw bczh
Ptewjw rjtdjhrzkh|c bczh wjfck lhlwlcwl wcipcl rjtdjhrzkh|c bczh |cho
ajhokcp! rlbck pjthcm rjtajpcw bctl nckret alhokzhoch rjipcr rzidzmch rjtwjdzr
mlbzp( Bjhoch bjilklch wrtzkrzt bczh bj cwc pcbc zizih|c ijtzpckch wzcrz
jkwptjwl ojh |cho rjacm blpjhoctzml eajm nckret alhokzhoch( Pcbc zizih|c nckret
alhokzhoch |cho beilhch bch ijhjhrzkch cbcacm gcmc|c! clt bch ekwlojh( Bczh |ho
rzidzm pcbc alhokzhoch |cho rjtalhbzho ckch ijipzh|cl wrtzkrzt |cho djtdjbc
bjhoch bczh |cho rzidzm blalhokzhoch gcmc|c ijalipcm( Bczh |cho rzidzm pcbc
alhokzhoch |cho rjtalhbzho! wjmctl)mctl ckch ijhocacil kjkztchoch gcmc|c( Mjacl
bczh gjhbjtzho rlplw bch ajdct! cthc bczh pzgcr wjbchokch bczh |cho rzidzm pcbc
alhokzhoch gcmc|c ijalipcm! mjacl bczh gjhbjtzho ajdlm wjiplr! ajdlm rjdca bch
cthch|c ajdlm ojacp( Bczh |cho rzidzm bl bcaci clt gjhbjtzho ijipzh|cl tzcho
chrct wja |cho ajdlm djwct bctlpcbc |cho rzidzm bl zbctc! bjilklch pzac jplbj)
tilwh|c gjhbjtzho ajdlm rlplw bch rchpc kzrlkzac! wreicrc gjhbjtzho rjttjbzkwl!
bjilklch pzac fziacm rtckjc(
Pjhjalrlch |cho blackzkch eajm Dzblehe! 3
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
12/14
Bctl mcwla pjiertjrch bl dc cm ilktewkep bjhoch pjtdjwctch Ek 30]! Ed 30]
rjtmcbcp wrtzkrzt bczh |cho blrzidzmkch bl bcaci clt bjhoch djtdcocl kjbcacich!
blpjteajm ocidctch wjpjtrl |cho rcipck pcbc ocidct 7:(
Ocidct 7: ( Wrtzkrzt chcreil bczh Fzwwlcjc tjpjhw bcaci djtdcocl kehblwl rjtojhcho( C rlbck rjtojhcho -0gi,! d( Rjtojhcho 30 gi! g( Rjtojhcho 3: gi( Kjrjtchoch 6 3( jplbjtilw crcw; 4(
pcalwcbj; 7( pctjhkli wpehwc bjhoch tzcho chrct wja; 2( ijwenla; :( jplbjtilw dc cm -bctl Dzblehe,
Tchokzich
27
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
13/14
Bczh ijipzh|cl wrtzkrzt zizi |cho rjtbltl bctl jplbjtilw! ijwenla! bch djtkcw
pjhochokzr( Jplbjtilw bczh pcbc zizi wjrjdca wcrz acplw! hcizh pcbc rzidzmch
rjtrjhrz ijipzh|cl djdjtcpc acplw jplbjtilw( Pcbc jplbjtilw bcpcr blfzipcl cbch|c
wrtzkrzt |cho ijtzpckch bjtl~cr jplbjtilw! ilwcah|c rtlkeic! wreicrc( Djtbcwctkch
ajrck wreicrch|c! bczh bcpcr bldjbckch ijhfcbl bczh |cho jplwreicrlk! mlpewreicrlk
bch cinlwreicrlk( Ijwenla pcbc rzidzmch iehekerla rjtwzwzh eajm fctlhoch
pctjhklicrlk |cho meieojh! wjbchokch pcbc rzidzmch blkerla! ijwenla rjtblnjtjhwlcwl
ijhfcbl pctjhkli pcalwcbj bch pctjhkli wpehwc( Djtbcwctkch etljhrcwl pctjhkli
pcalwcbjh|c! bczh bcpcr bldjbckch ijhfcbl bczh dlncwlca! jkzlncwlca bch wjhrtlw(
Bczh djtcwca bctl ptlietblzi bczh ijacazl djtdcocl rcmcp |clrz lhlwlcwl!
pjidjhrzkch pjh|chooc bczh! blnjtjhwlcwl c ca! pjidjhrzkch wzidz bczh!
pjidjhrzkch mjacl bczh wcipcl rjtdjhrzkh|c fctlhoch)fctlhoch pjholwl mjacl bczh(
Bcaci pjtkjidchochh|c! ijtlwrji |cho rjtaldcr lcacm ijtlwrji pzhgck! ijtlwrji
cbckwlca! ijtlwrji ictolhca! ijtlwrji wzdictolhca! ijtlwrji ajipjho! bch ijtlwrji
lhrjtkcact( Ijtlwrji ictolhca djtblnjtjhwlcwl ijhomcwlakch jplbjtilw crcw bch dc cm!
wjtrc bjtl~crh|c! wjbchokch ijtlwrji wzdictolhca ckch djtblnjtjhwlcwl ijhomcwlakch
ijwenla bch fctlhoch pjhochokzr(
22
8/9/2019 Daun (Hand Out)
14/14