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Date: November 17, 2015Aim #26: How can we describe structure and function of organelles?
HW:1) Quiz next Tuesday 11/24 and Wednesday
11/252) “Song of the Cell” due Friday
Do Now: Warm-Up NotebookDate Title of Activity Page #11/17 Cell Structure 101 47
Aim#26: How can we describe the structure and
function of cell organelles?
CELLS
EUKARYOTIC CELLS PROKARYOTIC CELLS
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
1) ORGANIZATION CHART
BACTERIA
Prokaryotes
• All Bacteria• They DO NOT have membrane bound organelles.• They DO have:
• Cell Membranes• Cell Walls• DNA• Ribosomes
2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells:
•Animal Cell•Plant Cell
•Both are complex, but there are differences
2) What are those things inside the cell?
•Organelles- Specialized structures in cells that perform important cellular functions.
Life Functions• Nutrition – to get nutrients for energy• Transport – to move materials from A to B• Cell respiration – Energy: ATP• Excretion – to get rid of metabolic waste• Synthesis – to build, to make • Regulation – to control• Growth – to increase in size or number• Reproduction – to make offspring
CELL MEMBRANE (AKA: Plasma Membrane)
•Barrier to protect the cell.•Controls what comes in and out.
FUNCTION:
TRAN
SPOR
T
CYTOPLASMFUNCTION:
• To protect and support the organelles within the cell.
•Where chemical reactions take place
TRAN
SPOR
T
NUCLEUS
• Found in eukaryotic cells only!
• Function: Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information - DNA (THE BRAIN)
REGULATIO
N
• Nucleolus-• made up of RNA and protein• Where ribosomes are made
• Nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane)• selectively permeable
membrane around the nucleus• Has pores that allow materials
in and out
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Transportation route of cell. Materials travel through it.
• 2 Types: • Rough ER (has ribosomes)-
makes proteins • Smooth ER- makes lipids
and steroid hormones
FUNCTION:
TRANSPOR
T
RIBOSOMES
• They FORM proteins• Can be found in cytoplasm or on
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)
FUNCTION:
SYNTH
ESIS
GOLGI BODY/COMPLEX/APPARATUS
•Proteins from ER come here. Modifies and packages the proteins, gives them a direction to follow.
FUNCTION:
TRAN
SPOR
T
MITOCHONDRIA
•Powerhouse of the cell•Where cellular respiration occurs
•Makes energy (ATP) from food and oxygen.
FUNCTION:
RESPIRATIO
N
LYSOSOMES
• Contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes that can break down nutrients. Also they break down dead organelles. (Intracellular digestion)
• Cell apoptosis- programmed cell death• Peroxisomes- contain peroxidase enzymes
FUNCTION:
NUT
RITION
Cytoskeleton
• Internal scaffolding• Made of rigid proteins• Keeps cell shape and keeps
organelles in their proper places
• Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
VACUOLES
•Store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates.
•MANY SMALL ONES IN ANIMAL CELLS, AND ONE BIG ONE IN PLANT CELLS.
•Vesicles- tiny vacuoles
FUNCTION:
EXCR
ETION
CENTRIOLES
FUNCTION:• Involved in animal cell division
•Made of microtubules
• FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
REPROD
UCTIO
N
CHLOROPLASTS
• Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process known as PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Contains the pigment chlorophyll• FOUND IN PLANT CELLS!• Type of plastid (double membrane
found only in plants and algae)
FUNCTION:
SYNTH
ESIS
CELL WALL
• Provides support and protection for the cell and allows materials in and out of the cell.
• FOUND IN PLANT CELLS
FUNCTION:
REGU
LATIO
N
CILIA & FLAGELLA
• Made of protein and help with the movement of individual cells
• Flagellum- long tail to swim
• Cilia- lots of little “hairs” all over the cell
FUNCTION:
NUT
RITION
Animal cell Plant cell
What do plant and animal cells have in common?
X Cell Membrane XX Cytoplasm XX Nucleus XX Endoplasmic Reticulum XX Ribosome XX Mitochondria XX Lysosomes XX Vacuole XX Centriole
Chloroplast XCell Wall X
AMIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
What cell is a plant cell? Animal Cell? How did you know?
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Directions: Fill in the missing life functions that correspond to each of the organelles below.
Life Function Organelle
Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)Lysosomes (digestive enzymes)
Nucleus (genetic info)Cell membrane
Centrioles (animal cell division)Nucleus (genetic info)
Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
Endoplasmic reticulum Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Nucleus (genetic info)
Nutrition
Regulation
Growth
Synthesis
Transport
Respiration
Excretion
Reproduction
Directions: Read each clue below and figure out who is talking!
1. I am a concept based on the work of several scientists. I have three parts. ________________
2. We are the basic units of structure and function of all living things. ________________
3. I provide protection and support. I am made of cellulose and can be found in plant cells. ________________
4. I am the clean up crew. I digest old cell parts. ________________5. We are the tiny structures that make up cells. There are several of us.
________________6. I am found inside the nucleus. ________________7. I am a clear, thick, jelly-like substance. I am found between the cell membrane
and the nucleus. ______________
8. We are produced in the nucleolus, we make proteins and are found in the cytoplasm. ________________
9. I am the process that plants use to make their food. I need chlorophyll in order to occur. ________________
10. I am the “highways” of the cell. ________________11. I am responsible for the passage of material into and out of
the nucleus. Nobody enters or leaves without my permission. ________________
12. I control all of the activities of the cell. I have been called the brains of the entire operation. ________________
13. I guard the cell from intruders. I decide who enters the cell and who leaves. I am present in BOTH plant and animal cells. ________________
14. We are known as the “powerhouse” of the cell. We make energy in the form of ATP. ________________
15. I am a non-living material making up cell walls. I am stiff and strong, a form of starch. ________________
