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DATA R USDATA R USPersonal Travel Data, Personal Travel Data,
including CTPP and NPTSincluding CTPP and NPTS
Portland State UniversityApril 29, 2005
Elaine Murakami, FHWA
Ed Christopher, FHWA
What are Personal Travel What are Personal Travel Data?Data?
What are Personal Travel What are Personal Travel Data?Data?
Daily activities and travelDaily activities and travel
How we get to workHow we get to work
When do we use the bus or railWhen do we use the bus or rail or air or air
What are motivations forWhat are motivations for traveling traveling
What are cost trade-offs (valueWhat are cost trade-offs (value pricing) pricing)
Examples using Census and Examples using Census and CTPP dataCTPP data
Mode to Work, 1970 - 2000Mode to Work, 1970 - 2000Percent of WorkersPercent of Workers
U.S. TotalU.S. Total
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1980 1990 2000
Drove AloneCarpoolTransitWalk
Households without VehiclesHouseholds without VehiclesPercent, by Race/Hisp OriginPercent, by Race/Hisp Origin
05
101520253035404550
1970 1980 1990 2000
TotalBlackHispanic
Travel Time to Work, 1990 and 2000Travel Time to Work, 1990 and 2000Percent of WorkersPercent of Workers
49 largest MSA’s49 largest MSA’s
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
at home < 5
5 to 9
10 to 14
15-1920-24
25-2930-34
35-3940-44
45-5960-89
> 90
2000 1990
Examples using NPTS dataExamples using NPTS data
There were significantly more households in There were significantly more households in 2001 than in 1995 who owned a greater number 2001 than in 1995 who owned a greater number
of vehicles than there were drivers in the of vehicles than there were drivers in the householdhousehold
19951995 20012001
15 million15 million 14.5 million14.5 million
63 million63 million 64.5 million64.5 million
14 14 millionmillion
20 million20 million
1.4 million1.4 million 2.8 million2.8 million
The average amount of time we spent in The average amount of time we spent in a vehicle in 2001 was slightly more than a vehicle in 2001 was slightly more than an hour. Children younger than 5 years an hour. Children younger than 5 years old spent an average of ¾ of an hour a old spent an average of ¾ of an hour a
day in vehiclesday in vehicles
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0-5
6-18
19-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Ag
e
Time Spent in Vehicles (minutes)
Average Daily Occupancy by Urbanized Average Daily Occupancy by Urbanized Areas population and Trip PurposeAreas population and Trip Purpose
HB-HB-WW
HB-HB-shopshop
HB-HB-SocSoc
HB-HB-OtherOther
NHBNHB
50,000-50,000-199,999199,999
1.111.11 1.441.44 1.661.66 1.671.67 1.661.66
200,000-200,000-499,999499,999
1.121.12 1.481.48 1.721.72 1.651.65 1.681.68
500,000-500,000-999,999999,999
1.131.13 1.451.45 1.661.66 1.651.65 1.661.66
1+ million1+ million 1.111.11 1.481.48 1.691.69 1.661.66 1.641.64
Source: NCHRP 365, using 1990 NPTSSource: NCHRP 365, using 1990 NPTS
Personal Travel: Personal Travel: Main data typesMain data types
Residence-based: households, Residence-based: households, persons, vehicles, person tripspersons, vehicles, person trips
Workplace-based: employment/jobs, Workplace-based: employment/jobs, workers, work tripsworkers, work trips
Other: Transit surveys: on-board, Other: Transit surveys: on-board, rider/non-riderrider/non-rider
Special attractors: airports, Special attractors: airports, schools/universities, major shopping schools/universities, major shopping centers, etc.centers, etc.
Potential types of QuestionsPotential types of Questions
Revealed preference – current Revealed preference – current behaviorbehavior
Stated preference – how might act in Stated preference – how might act in future under certain conditionsfuture under certain conditions
Motivations for travel, and Motivations for travel, and scheduling changesscheduling changes
Residence-basedResidence-based
Household Travel SurveysHousehold Travel Surveys
-- National-- National
-- Regional/local-- Regional/local
Decennial Census and American Decennial Census and American Community SurveyCommunity Survey
Workplace-basedWorkplace-based
Public Sources
ES-202 files
Commercial FilesCommercial Files
Dunn & BradstreetDunn & Bradstreet
InfoUSAInfoUSA
CTPP Parts 2 and 3 CTPP Parts 2 and 3
LED program (test)LED program (test)
Today, focus on 2 main surveysToday, focus on 2 main surveys
CTPPCTPP -- Historical Trends-- Historical Trends-- Small area data-- Small area data-- Residence, Workplace AND Flow-- Residence, Workplace AND Flow
NHTSNHTS-- Historical Trends-- Historical Trends-- Limited to Large geography only-- Limited to Large geography only-- Includes all trip purposes, trip -- Includes all trip purposes, trip
chaining file availablechaining file available--NCHRP 365--NCHRP 365--Data transferability project--Data transferability project
WhatWhat is the CTPP? is the CTPP?
The Census Transportation The Census Transportation Planning Package is a set of special Planning Package is a set of special
tabulations from the long form of tabulations from the long form of the decennial census designed by the decennial census designed by
transportation planners for transportation planners for transportation plannerstransportation planners
It summarizes the dataIt summarizes the data
At ResidenceAt ResidenceAt WorkplaceAt Workplace
Flows between Flows between Home and WorkHome and Work
Sample is 1:6 addresses Sample is 1:6 addresses nationwide, allowing for nationwide, allowing for reporting at very small reporting at very small geographygeography
Decennial Census Long FormDecennial Census Long Form
Transportation Related QuestionsTransportation Related Questions-- Place of Work-- Place of Work
-- Means of Transportation to Work-- Means of Transportation to Work-- Carpool Occupancy to Work-- Carpool Occupancy to Work-- Departure Time for Work-- Departure Time for Work-- Travel Time to Work-- Travel Time to Work-- Vehicles Available-- Vehicles Available
What are the CTPP What are the CTPP Products?Products?
Tabulations Tabulations at Residenceat Residence
Tabulations Tabulations at Workplaceat Workplace
Flows between Flows between Home and WorkHome and Work
Main CTPP ProductsMain CTPP Products
Collateral ProductsCollateral Products State and County ProfilesState and County Profiles County Flow DataCounty Flow Data
Part 1Part 1 Part 2Part 2 Part 3Part 3
ASCII TooASCII Too
How are they packaged?How are they packaged?
CTPP Access ToolCTPP Access ToolThe CATThe CAT
CTPP Access ToolCTPP Access Tool
Easy to Use Software InterfaceEasy to Use Software Interface ---- Easy to manipulate rows and Easy to manipulate rows and columns, including calculating new columns, including calculating new
variablesvariables
.ivt files (proprietary format).ivt files (proprietary format)
Shape files included for many Census Shape files included for many Census geographic unitsgeographic units
Exports to .shp, .dbf, .xls, ASCIIExports to .shp, .dbf, .xls, ASCII
Mapping and charting components Mapping and charting components imbeddedimbedded
What is in the CTPP?What is in the CTPP?Let’s Look at the DetailsLet’s Look at the Details
So how does this thing work?
Tables—Lots of TablesTables—Lots of Tables
121 Tables of Residents’ Based Data121 Tables of Residents’ Based Data
68 Tables of Work Place Data68 Tables of Work Place Data
14 Tables of Flow Data14 Tables of Flow Data
Variables--Variables--Lots of VariablesLots of Variables
Journey-to-WorkJourney-to-WorkWork Location and Mode Departure and Travel TimeArrival Time (Calculated)
HouseholdHouseholdIncomeNos. Vehicles AvailableSize and Nos. Workers
PersonPersonWorker StatusAge, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, Disability WorkersWorkers
Geography--Lots of Geography
T A Z
or Block Groups
Part 1 1 2 1 T a b l e s(at Residence)
Part 2(at Workplace)
Part 3(Worker Flows)
1 4 T a b l e s
6 8 T a b l e s
Sample Table ListSample Table List
Data IssuesData Issues
RoundingRounding
ThresholdsThresholds
Workers at Work vs. Jobs or Workers at Work vs. Jobs or EmploymentEmployment
Disclosure Review BoardDisclosure Review Board
CTPP 2000 Post DRB
Part 1: at Residence (121 Tables) All Tables Rounded Zero = 0 1 through 7 = 4 8 though = Nearest Multiple of “5”
Part 2: at Workplace (68 Tables) All Tables Rounded
Part 3: Worker Flows (14 Tables) All Tables Rounded Some Tables with Thresholds
Total SOV Carpool Bus Rail Other Home Row TotL11423 49,275 12,200 3,915 6,410 24,580 2,160 10 49,275L11428 29,365 8,315 2,340 4,210 12,780 1,715 4 29,364L11446 15,035 3,705 1,240 2,430 7,010 640 15 15,040L11448 5,200 3,115 550 570 745 150 65 5,195L11449 25,655 7,240 2,120 2,775 12,325 1,195 0 25,655L12427 920 410 155 65 85 95 105 915L12428 9,610 3,025 835 1,660 3,535 555 0 9,610L12446 22,115 4,925 1,770 4,595 9,915 905 0 22,110L12449 67,795 14,565 4,820 8,035 36,950 3,420 0 67,790
Rest 124,955 34,255 10,324 17,410 57,165 5,460 328 124,942
349,896
Col Tot 349,925 91,755 28,069 48,160 165,090 16,295 527
Chicago CBD Chicago CBD --CTPP 2000 DataCTPP 2000 Data
SF3 CTPP SF3 CTPP SF3 CTPP
1.01 2,021 2020 1,850 1845 1,697 16951.02 1,231 1230 1,099 1094 1,062 10602.01 3,614 3615 2,899 2905 2,573 25752.03 243 245 191 190 129 1302.04 2,036 2035 1,605 1605 1,485 14853.01 4,084 4085 3,065 3065 2,686 26853.02 3,342 3340 2,352 2350 2,194 21953.03 1,766 1765 1,373 1370 1,074 1075
24.18 2,296 2295 2,134 2135 1,758 176024.19 2,207 2205 2,072 2070 1,831 183024.2 4,088 4090 3,747 3750 2,955 2955
24.21 2,246 2245 2,133 2130 1,786 178524.22 3,045 3045 2,725 2725 2,122 212024.23 3,116 3115 2,925 2930 2,489 249024.24 1,889 1890 1,757 1754 1,416 1415
433,064 433,080 383,508 383,409 324,475 324,4300.004% -0.026% -0.014%
Drove aloneCar, truck, vanTotal
Mode to Work for Travis County Residents
Tract
Table Content
1 Total Workers (1)
2 Vehicles Available (3--zero,one or two+) by Means of Transportation (7 modes)
3 Poverty Status (3 categories)
4 Minority Status (2--white non-hispanic and all others)
5 Household Income (8 classifications)
6 Means of Transportation (17 modes)
7 Household Income (4 classifications) by Means of Transportation (4 modes)
8Mean Travel Time by Means of Transportation to Work (7 modes) and Time
Leaving Home for Work (2--AM peak and all other times)
9Median Travel Time by Means of Transportation to Work (7 modes) and Time
Leaving Home for Work (2 groupings)
10 Aggregate Number of Vehicles by Time Leaving Home for Work (2, see table 8)
11 Number of Workers per Vehicle by Time Leaving Home for Work (2, see table 8)
12 Aggregate Number of Carpools by Time Leaving Home for Work (2, see table 8)
13 Number of Workers per Carpool by Time Leaving Home for Work (2, see table 8)
14Aggregate Travel Time by Means of transportation to work (7 modes) and Time
Leaving Home for Work (2, see table 8)
Part 3: Worker Flow Tables
No record No record thresholdthreshold
Must have 3 Must have 3
unweighted unweighted
recordsrecords
Intra-Bay Area, CTPP 2000, Part 3 AnalysisTable 3-1 Table 3-6
No Threshold w/ Thresholds
County-to-County 3,258,465 Loss 3,258,465 Loss
Place-to-Place 3,257,152 0.0% 3,221,359 -1.1%
Tract-to-Tract 3,209,952 -1.5% 2,154,754 -33.9%
Zone-to-Zone 3,143,432 -3.5% 937,749 -71.2%
Impact of Thresholds on Workers Impact of Thresholds on Workers Included in Part 3 Included in Part 3 TabulationsTabulations
Special Thanks to Chuck Purvis, MTC Special Thanks to Chuck Purvis, MTC For this Analysis For this Analysis
http://www.trbcensus.com/articles/ctppworkers.pdfhttp://www.trbcensus.com/articles/ctppworkers.pdf
Workers at Work Counts vs. Workers at Work Counts vs. Other Employment SourcesOther Employment Sources
Total jobs are HIGHER than CTPP Total jobs are HIGHER than CTPP worker countsworker counts
CTPP uses NAICS, others may use SICCTPP uses NAICS, others may use SIC
Multi-site businesses and job types not reported Multi-site businesses and job types not reported consistentlyconsistently
Census 2000 employment estimates vs CPSCensus 2000 employment estimates vs CPS
Extended Allocation for CTPP small areasExtended Allocation for CTPP small areas
With all this said and done With all this said and done now what can I do?now what can I do?
Build profiles (Part 1 example)Build profiles (Part 1 example)
Trend AnalysisTrend Analysis
Survey WeightingSurvey Weighting
Planning ProcessPlanning Process
-- Environmental Justice, Title VI-- Environmental Justice, Title VI
-- TDM programs-- TDM programs
-- Transit service planning-- Transit service planning
-- Model calibration and validation-- Model calibration and validation
Where do I get theWhere do I get the “FREE”“FREE” CTPP with CTPP with the CAT Software?the CAT Software?
https://www.bts.gov/pdc/https://www.bts.gov/pdc/
Other Census DataOther Census Data
100% data or SHORT-FORM information100% data or SHORT-FORM information• Redistricting Summary File (PL Data)Redistricting Summary File (PL Data)
• Summary File 1 (SF1)Summary File 1 (SF1)
• Summary File 2Summary File 2
Sample data or LONG-FORM informationSample data or LONG-FORM information • Summary File 3 (SF3)Summary File 3 (SF3)
• Summary File 4Summary File 4
Public Use Microdata Sample Files (PUMS)Public Use Microdata Sample Files (PUMS)
NHTS Basics
28,000 households in U.S. plus 28,000 households in U.S. plus nearly 44,000 households in add-on nearly 44,000 households in add-on Program.Program.
Telephone recruit, mail-out diary, Telephone recruit, mail-out diary, telephone retrieval.telephone retrieval.
Cash incentives (recruit and diary)Cash incentives (recruit and diary)41 percent overall response rate.41 percent overall response rate. March 2001 thru May 2002March 2001 thru May 2002
NHTS Basics, continued
• Destination locations are only Destination locations are only geocoded for add-on records. geocoded for add-on records.
Otherwise, self-report for Otherwise, self-report for distancedistance
• Sample size is small, relative to total Sample size is small, relative to total U.S. population, so geographic detail U.S. population, so geographic detail is very limited, e.g. MSA size, some is very limited, e.g. MSA size, some states.states.
What travel is What travel is included?included?
• Assigned travel for 1 day, includes Assigned travel for 1 day, includes all 365 days of the year. Good all 365 days of the year. Good resource for WEEKEND data, as 30 resource for WEEKEND data, as 30 percent of sample is for weekends!percent of sample is for weekends!
• Long distance trips from 4-week Long distance trips from 4-week period. period.
• All modes of travelAll modes of travel
What travel is What travel is included?included?
The complexity of daily travel
Trip 1: To Work
Trip 2: Work to Childs Day Camp
Trip 3: Day Camp to Store
Trip 4: Store to Work
Trip 4: Work to StoreTrip 6: Store to Home
Trip 5: Store to Store
Trip 7: Home to Day Camp
HOME
WORK
360010135.02
360010137.03
360010136.01
360010138.01
360010136.02
360010137.05
360010137.07
360010135.03
360010135.06
360010004.01
360010138.02
360010003.00
360010130.00
360010139.02
360010146.09
360010140.01
360010139.01
360010146.08
360010137.06
360010004.03
360010140.02360010004.04
360010146.07
360010129.00
360010146.10
360010001.00360010007.00360010018.02 360010002.00
NHTS File structureNHTS File structure
Households
Person 1
Trip 1Veh 1
Land Use Characteristics
(Claritas)
Vehicle Oper-ating Char.
(EIA)
Veh 2
Person 2 Person 3
Trip 2
Trip 3
Trip 4
Trip 1
Trip 2
Household demographics (race, age, sex, household income)
Vehicle information (age, annual miles, fuel type and use, etc.)
Commute information (mode, occupancy, time of departure, work location and occupation, distance to work)
Time of day and purpose for non-work Travel (mode, occupancy, time, miles traveled)
Who’s traveling together from same household
2001 NHTS Data Elements
Test with 1995 NPTS data CITE for transferability paper! ADD!!!!
Assist areas without recent hhld survey data
Trip Generation Rates and VMT accounting for census-tract-level characteristics
Trips by Purpose, maybe be mode, and time of day
2001 NHTS Transferability Project
Use 2001 NHTS households (we have both detailed travel, and census tract characteristics)
Develop clustering system, and cluster all 61,000+ census tracts, except Manhattan and tracts without population.
Clustering system for 1995 had 11 clusters.
Compare the results of the “synthetic” hhlds to the “real” households from the NHTS add-ons. If this works, then….
2001 NHTS Transferability Project
User defines their “study area” by selecting census tracts.
Software returns Trip Generation Rates and VMT by census tract, and study area totals.
2001 NHTS Transferability Project
1995 NPTS Transferability Test:
11 clusters
2.8
5.27.7
4.4
8.716.6
11.1
11.119.8
9.6
3
0 5 10 15 20 25
Very Low Income
Low incomeMid. income
High income
Low incomeMid. Income
High income
Low incomeMid. Income
High income
Very High Inc.
% Census tracts
Rural
Sub
Urban
NPTS-based Person Trips Per Household
1995 NPTS Transferability Test
Household Size
Rural Urban
Very High
IncomeLow
IncomeMid
IncomeHigh
Income… Low
IncomeMid
Income
High Income
1 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.8 4.5
2 8.0 7.8 7.9 6.2 8.1 7.8 8.0
3 12.0 12.1 11.4 10.5 11.0 12.0 12.6
4 15.6 16.3 14.5 11.2 13.2 14.9 16.0
5+ 19.3 21.5 18.9 13.5 16.6 17.7 19.6
http://cta.ornl.gov/NPTS
Try out the 1995 NPTS transferability tool:
2001 NHTS On-line Table Generator
• Registration required, however, registration is “immediate.”
• Generates SAS program without your knowing much SAS.
• Includes the proper weights! Very important. • Easy way to examine patterns, can help
identify relevant variables for regression or other statistical test.
2001 NHTS On-Line Table Generator
Select variables of interest
SAS output listing file
Output to spreadsheet
Stay ConnectedStay Connected
http://www.dot.gov/ctpphttp://www.dot.gov/ctpp
http://www.TRBcensus.comhttp://www.TRBcensus.com
http://nhts.ornl.govhttp://nhts.ornl.gov
