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Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
4 tahapan DFD“CurrentSystem”
“CurrentPhysical” DFDanalyze
“CurrentPhysical” DFD logically “Current
Logical” DFD
“CurrentLogical” DFD
design New “CurrentLogical” DFD
New “CurrentLogical” DFD
implementedNew “CurrentPhysical” DFD
1
2
3
4
4 elemen diagram
Process : “sesuatu” yg terjadi di sistem (berbicara dg teman tentang pesta)
Data flows : data yg berpindah ketika “sesuatu” terjadi (informasi pesta)
Data stores : data tersimpan yg dilibatkan ketika “sesuatu” terjadi (buku alamat, index kartu, file komputer)
External entities : segala sesuatu diluar sistem yg terlibat ketika “sesuatu” terjadi (teman, pelanggan, supplier)
Speak withprospective client
1 Sales Floor
Telephoneprospective client
2 Telesales
Mail prospectiveclient
3 Mailouts
A prospectiveclient
Product/ service info
Product/ service info
Product/ service info
M1
M1
M2
M3
Product catalogue
Product catalogue
Telephone directory
Prospective clients list
Product/ service info
Product/ service info
Telephone no.
Product/ service info
Address
*
*
*
Process: Gambaran kejadian aktu
al dg keputusan yg ada Diberi no., pelaku/tempat
dicantumkan, & jelaskan kejadian prosesnya dg kt kerja perintah (telephone,calculate)
Proses dapat dibagi menjadi sub-proses (level). *=akhir proses
No. proses <= 7, tinjau lg bila tidak.
External entities: Orang/tempat diluar s
istem, yg dilayani atau yg menyediakan
Direferensikan menurut abjad
Datastores: Menunjukan data dlm sistem Penjelasan & no.kode M=manual
files & D=computer data
Data flows: Aliran data dari/ke proses Diberi nama tanpa kt kerja Panah menunjukan arah aliran Data tdk dpt merubah, peruba
han terjadi di proses
Document flow diagram
ProductionPlanning
Factory
Stock Control
Supplier
Purchasing
Deliverynote
Productionplan
Stockwithdrawalnote
Purchaseorder
Supplier details update form
Delivery note
Material requirement list
Context diagram
ProductionPlanning
Supplier
Factory
PurchasingStock Control
Supplier details update form
Delivery note
Material requirement list
Productionplan
Deliverynote
Stockwithdrawalnote
Level 0 Physical DFD
ProductionPlanning
Supplier
Factory
Purchasing
Supplier details update form
Delivery note
Material requirement list
Productionplan
Deliverynote
Stockwithdrawalnote
Maintain stocksystem
Stock Control
a b
c
d
Level 0 Physical DFD-modified layout
ProductionPlanning
Supplier
Factory
Purchasing
Supplierdetails
update form
Materialrequirement list
Deliverynote
Stockwithdrawalnote
Maintain stocksystem
Stock Control
a
b
c
d
Productionplan
Deliverynote
Process leveling
Maintain stocksystem
Stock Control
Maintain stock card
2 Stock clerk
*
Prepare materialrequirements list
3 Stock clerk
Maintain plannedcall-off
1 Stock clerk
*
Calculate orderquantity
3.1 Stock clerk
*
Note supplier details
3.2 Stock clerk
*
Amend order quantity
3.3 Stock clerk
*
Add requirements tolist
3.4 Stock clerk
*
3Prepare materialrequirement list
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
Level 1 Physical DFD
Maintain stock card
2 Stock clerk
*
Prepare materialrequirements list
3 Stock clerk
Maintain plannedcall-off
1 Stock clerk
*
ProductionPlanning
Supplier
Factory
Purchasing
Supplierdetails
update form
Materialrequirement list
Deliverynote
Stockwithdrawalnote
a
b
c
d
Productionplan
Deliverynote
M1 Bill of materials
M2 Stock cards
Stockdetails
Stockdetails
Plan call-offdetails
BOMdetails
Level 2 Physical DFD
Calculate orderquantity
3.1 Stock clerk
*
Note supplier details
3.2 Stock clerk
*
Amend order quantity
3.3 Stock clerk
*
Add requirements tolist
3.4 Stock clerk
*
3Prepare materialrequirement list
M2 Stock cardsStockdetails
Theoretical order quantity
Order quantity & supplier details
Actual order quantity
Purchasing
dMaterialrequirement list
Menentukan Proses
Tujuan : menjelaskan proses yg terjadi pada level tera
khir DFD Menuliskan keputusan yg dibuat atau operasi
yg berulang secara akurat, jelas, dan lengkap.
Contoh
1. A product is passed as fit for sale if it passes a mechanical test and an electrical test and has the correct dimensions. If it fails the mechanical test or the electrical test (but not both), it is sent back to the workshop for repair. In all other cases, the product is rejected.
2. A product is passed as fit for sale if it passes a mechanical test and an electrical test and has the correct dimensions. If it has the correct dimensions and fails the mechanical test or the electrical test (but not both), it is sent back to the workshop for repair. In all other cases, the product is rejected.
Sequence (urutan)adalah list dari beberapa tindakan atau kejadian yang dilakukan atas dasar perintah. Diwakilkan dg pernyataan perintahContoh : multiply(kalikan), add(tambahkan), or calculate(hitung)
Selection (pilihan/keputusan)bila ada beberapa pilihan kebijakan yg dapat digunakan tapi hanya ada satu yg bisa dipilih.Contoh : IF, ELSE, ENDIF
Iterationmuncul ketika beberapa kejadian berulang menentukan kondisi yang berkelanjutan pengulangannyaContoh : REPEAT….UNTIL, WHILE….ENDWHILE
Variations
Contoh (deskripsi QC policy) :1. If a product does not have the correct dimensions, rej
ect the product2. If a product does have the correct dimensions, consid
er the mechanical and electrical test as follows2.1 both test satisfactory-pass product2.2 both mechanical and electrical test unsatisfactory-reject product2.3 either mechanical or electrical tests unsatisfactory (but not both)-repair product.
Decision tables
Condition stub Condition entry
Action stub Action entry
Decision table (Limited entry)
Contoh : Identify conditions
correct dimension?passed mechanical test?passed electrical test?
Identify actionaccept productrepair productreject product
Determine number of rules 2 (pangkat) NN = number of condition = 8
Decision table
Correct dimensions ? Y Y Y Y N N N N
Passed mech. test ? Y Y N N Y Y N N
Passed elect. test ? Y N Y N Y N Y N
Accept product X
Repair product X X
Reject product X X X X X
Decision table
Correct dimensions ? Y Y Y Y N
Passed mech. test ? Y Y N N -
Passed elect. test ? Y N Y N -
Accept product X
Repair product X X
Reject product X X
Decision table
Correct dimensions ? Y Y Y E
Passed mech. test ? Y Y N L
Passed elect. test ? Y N Y S
E
Accept product X
Repair product X X
Reject product X
Decision table (Extended entry)
Mark 0-34? Y N N N N N
Mark 35-39? - Y N N N N
Mark 40-49? - - Y N N N
Mark 50-59? - - - Y N N
Mark 60-69? - - - - Y N
Mark>69? - - - - - Y
Grade F X
Grade E X
Grade D X
Grade C X
Grade B X
Grade A X
Decision table (Extended entry)
Mark 0-34 35-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 >69
Grade F E D C B A
Decision table (Mixed entry)
Regular customer? Y Y Y N N N
Order value $ 0-99 100-500 >500 0-99 100-500 >500
Discount given 0 15% 20% 0 10% 15%
Free gift X X