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Dakar, Senegal
September 18, 2008
IPM by the Food Industry: The role of IPM in
Good Agricultural Practices
Hasan Bolkan, Ph.D.Davis Research & Development
Davis, CA
Corporate Social Responsibility
TO OUR PLANET
2Minimize the environmental
impact of our operationsto meet today’s needs
while supporting the needs of future generations1Delivering high quality,
safe, affordable, andconvenient foods
TO OUR CONSUMERS
Public Concerns
CONSUMERS
1Concernsabout pesticide residues in food
ENVIRONMENT
2Pesticides in theEnvironment 3Endangering the
Health of Farm Workers
SAFETY
Pesticide Quality Assurance
Total Systems Pesticide ManagementWe are concentrating our efforts on four priorities
1Hands on application of
Integrated PestManagement
(IPM)2Pesticide
record keepingand reporting 3
Rigorous,state-of-the-artresidue testing 4State-of-the-art
processing
The four elements of pesticide management work together to deliver excellence in pesticide reduction and quality assurance
Agricultural Sustainability Leadership TrackAssessment
Campbell’s Agricultural Sustainability Roadmap
Step 1• Alignment on sustainability
• Determine level of sustainable ag practices being employed by growers
Step 2
• Identify influencers
• Define sustainable agriculture indicators
• Establish sustainable agriculture initiatives
Step 3
• Develop Campbell research priorities supporting indicators and initiatives• Work with growers, Universities and NGO’s to identify, test and implement sustainable practices• Execute on a commercial scale• Verify practices at grower level
Step 4
• Adaptive changes based on research and monitoring/verification
• Promote good agricultural practices among all suppliers/ growers
• Speak the same language as your regulators, customers, and consumers
Water supply Use
Research Priorities
Focus Areas
• Reduced volume irrigation (Drip irrigation)
• Better crop management• Identify drought resistant varieties
• Soil Erosion Management
Water Management
Soil Management
• To improve soil quality (mulches, cover crops)
• Reduced tillage • Crop diversification/Crop rotation
Research Priorities for Sustainable Agricultural Practices
Soil inputs Management
• Managing Nitrate runoffs • Preservation of wild life • Cover crops
Pest/Disease Management
• New IPM strategies : Environmentally friendly pesticides, Use of beneficials
• Disease resistant Varieties
The Challenge
Reduces Synthetic Pesticide Use Maintain/Reduce Pest Management Cost Maintain/Improve Quality
Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens of TomatoesFungal and Bacterial Pathogens of Tomatoes
Early BlightBlack Mold
VerticilliumVerticillium
Phytophtora Root Rot
Late BlightLate Blight Bacterial SpeckBacterial Speck
Bacterial spot
Viruses affecting tomatoesViruses affecting tomatoes
TYLCV
Alfalfa mosaic
Tobacco mosaic
Tomato Spotted Wilt
Helicoverpa spp.
Insects/Nematodes affecting tomatoesInsects/Nematodes affecting tomatoes
Tomato pinworm
ArmywormArmyworm
Root Knot Nematode
Fruitworm
Campbell’s IPM Strategies
— Disease Free Seeds— Disease/Pest Resistant Varieties— Biological Control (Parasitic Wasps)— Mating Confusion (Sex Pheromones)— Biological Pesticides (Bts.)— Forecasting Systems (TOM-CAST)— Risk Assessment (GIS/GPS)— Judicious Use of Synthetic Pesticides
Management Strategies for Geminiviruses
Mandatory 2-3-month whitefly host-free period— Tomato, common bean, cucurbits, eggplant,
pepper, weeds Regional Management
— Whitefly management was regional not local Planting early varieties followed by TYLCV
resistant varieties— Varieties with 108-115 days maturity
Impact of IPM on Synthetic Pesticide use on Celery: California
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Pre-IPM Post-IPM
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Applications/Acre
Management Practices and Production Year
100 %
Impact of IPM on Synthetic Fungicide use on Carrots: Michigan/Ohio
0
1
2
3
4
Pre-IPM Post-IPM
Applications/Acre
Management Practices and Production Year
85.7 %
Impact of IPM on Synthetic Fungicide use on processing tomatoes: Mexico
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pre-IPM
94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 5
Pre-IPM IPM
Management Practices and Production Year
Fungicide Applications/ha
Impact of IPM on Synthetic Insecticides use on Processing Tomatoes: Mexico
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pre-IPM
Pre-IPM
Post-IPM
90 05
Applications (a.i)/ha
Management Practices and Production Year
Impact of IPM on Synthetic Pesticide use on Jalapeno Peppers: Mexico
0
10
20
30
40
BiologicalSynthetic
42.05
7.5Pre - IPM IPM
Applications/Acre
7.5
Cost of Pest Management: Conventional vs. IPM
0
100
200
300
400
500
Conventional IPM
$467.2
$311.5
Insecticide Cost (dollars/ha)
Cost of Disease Management: Conventional vs. IPM
0
100
200
300
400
500
Non-IPM IPM Net Cost Savings
Fungicide Costs (dollars/ha)
$482
$181
$304
Campbell’s Current Good Agricultural Practices
Campbell’s works “hands on” with its tomato growers to promote and ensure the use of :
— transplants to reduce herbicides and conserve water — disease resistant varieties to eliminate pesticide usage— integrated pest management (IPM) practices to reduce
synthetic insecticide usage — conservation tillage to reduce fuel, dust, emission, water
runoff, and soil erosion — 2-3 years of crop rotation to minimize diseases — cover cropping to improve soil texture— habitat management, such as replanting ditches with native
vegetation and preservation of wetlands
IPM Helps to Build a Sustainable Supply Chain, from Farm to Table
Suppliers MANUFACTURING Distribution Customers ConsumersPurchase high-qualityIngredients produced
by local farmers
Energy and water conservationWaste management and
recycling
Reduce Environmental
impact
Partner with ourCustomer onSustainability
initiatives
Sustainablepackaging
The pests/diseases in Mexico
Insect Pests– Tomato Pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella)– Yellow striped Armyworm (S. ornithogalli)– Tomato Fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea)
Diseases– Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)– Gemini-Viruses
The Pests/Diseases in California
Insect Pests– Yellow striped Armyworm (S. ornithogalli)– Tomato Fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea)– Aphids
Diseases– Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)– Black Mold (Alternaria alternata)
Jalapeno Pepper Rejections Due to Pesticide Residues Above Tolerance
Production Total LoadsReceived
Rejections PercentRejections
Pre -IPM 1384 43 3.1%
Beginning of IPM
1495 43 2.9%
After IPM 1221 10 0.8%
0
25
50
75
100
Pre-IPM
Pre-IPM
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
Synthetic Insecticides Bio-insecticides PheromonesSynthetic
Pesticide Usage (%)
The switch