Dakar , Décembre 2012

Overview of Agrometeorological Assistance to the Rural World as

Mean of adaption to Climate Change,

Case of Mali Mr. Daouda Zan Diarra, Chef de la Division Agrométéorologie,

Agence Nationale de la Météorologie, Bamako, Mali

Agence Nationale de la Météorologie

PLAN Introduction

Priorities of rural producers

Hitory

Weather assistance to rural world

Other carried out action

Some results

Some Constraints

Perspectives

Conclusion

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Mali: Sahelian country – 14,5 Millions people (census of 1st at April 14, 2009)

Economy:

Largely dominated by Agriculture: 40% of the P.I.B

Nearly 70% of the population live in rural environment including 80% directly or indirectly of rain fed agriculture

Agricultural production subjected to the annual and interannual variability of rainfall like to its space-time distribution.

Rainfall mode:

Great dryness of 1972 and successive drynesses

Reduction of the average annual rainfall of more than 20% over the successive periods 1951 - 1970 (20 years?) and 1971 - 2000, (30 years?).

Actions of fight against the plague and adaptation for its harmful purposes: led to Mali, following the example other countries of the Sahel:

meteorological information and occasion to note some indigenous knowledge in the visited regions.That permit to best estimate the main concern from them expressed in questions among that we can note some as:• when the rainy season will start?• What can be its duration and termination?• will appear dry spells within the season?• can the met service forecast the season three months ahead or more?• can met service forecast for each location?• can be agromet information broadcast in our local language and frequently?

IDENTIFICATION OF RURAL POPUALTION NEEDS AND KNOWLEDGE ON WEATHER, CLIMATE

Drought of the early seventies in Sahel region affected seriously countries; A lot of damages were caused to agriculture, livestock and even human beings.To assist the rural world to face the challenge, the met service undertook

meteorological assistance The exchange with the population is a mean to collect their needs in term of

HISTORY

To face the challenge of drynesses the authorities of the touched countries shared their efforts within the framework of the strategies of parade by the creation of the CILSS with its Specialized agencies (CRA, INSAH). On the level of the countries there was a reinforcement of capacities of the weather and hydrological services (equipment, formation).

The concretization of this political good-will resulted in the setting into?uvre pilot project of agrometeorologic assistance in Mali in 1982 to attenuate the impacts of the drynesses. This project was carried out in 4 phases of which: experimental phase; phase of evaluation; phase of popularization; and phase of extension

The phases of evaluation and popularization were almost simultaneous because of the very keen demand of recipients to extend the project. This extension occurred since 1987 and nowadays five areas out of eight profit from the direct agrometeorologic assistance in the rural world.

HISTORY (continued)

Atelier de sensibilsation sur les changements climatiques

ACTORS ROLE IN THE PRODUCTION AND ACTORS ROLE IN THE PRODUCTION AND THE BROADCAST OF THE BROADCAST OF

AGROMÉTÉOROLOGCAL INFORMATIONEAGROMÉTÉOROLOGCAL INFORMATIONE

Collecte de données(Producteur rural)

Collecte et rassemblementSDR

Concentration des données

De structure ODR

Concentration Nationale / Traitement et analyse

Elaboration du Bulletin Provisoire

DNM

Réunion du GTPAElaboration du bulletin

Agro-Hydro-Météorologique décadaire

Diffusion des informations

ORTM Radio de proximité Courrier

PARTENERSHIP

MEMBERS OF GTPA

DNM make the products in a partnership with services within :

the rural Development structures;

the research institutes and Centres ;

the farmers’ Permanente Council;

the media (écrite et parlée);

the NGOs;

the Development Partners.

ISSUANCE OF A TEN – DAY AGROHYDROMET BULLETINS

EARLY WARNING COMPONENT

- RAINFALL SPATIAL AND TIME DISTRIBUTION OVER THE COUNTRY- HYDROLOGICAL INFO FOR MAIN WATERWAYS IN THE COUNTRY- CROPS PESTS AND DISEASES- PASTURES- LIVESTOCK- MET, AGROMET AND HYDRO OUTLOOKS

AGROMET ADVICE COMPONENT

- APPROPRIATE TIME FOR AGRI-CULTURAL PRACTICES (PLANTING, WEEDING, APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERSINSECTICIDES, PESTICIDES….)(COMPLETED BY DAILY WEATHER FORECASTS,12 HRS-3 DAYS)

- NATIONAL RADIO AND TV BROADCAST- WRITTEN PRESS, LOCAL RADIOS

- NATIONAL RADIO AND TV BROADCAST-LOCAL RADIOS- OBSERVERS/EXTENSION PEOPLE

DISSEMINATION TO DECISION MAKERSDISSEMINATION TO FARMERS

CARRIED OUT ACTIONS

Development and diffusion of information and products related to weather and climate; Transfer of competence by the training of the actors at all the levels; Implications of these actors in the process of design and implementation of the assistance; Equipment of the various actors; Adaptation of the weather products to the user's needs; Cloud seeding Program; Devolution of the system by the creation of GLAM.

MAIN ACTIVITIES

Capacity bulding for all the actors (farmers, technical agents) in the domain of collection, transmission and treatment of data;

Sensibilisation and training for peasants observators and vulgarisators on rainfall collection technics and phenological observations;

Préparation of formats for data collection and transmission and définition of their systems;

Collection and treatment of data (meteorological and agronomic in order to elaborate sowing Calendar;

Production et vulgarisation of rain gages;

After identifying the population’s needs during sensibilization, training sessions are undertake on:

measure of rainfall data;

observations on crops growing steps, heath and disasters.

The observer farmer and agricultural extending technicians take apart to these trainig sessions.

Otherwise, special sessions are doen with communicators and elected people standing in the National Assemblee.

THE SENSIBILIZATION / TRAINIG

Bague réceptrice

Seau

Support

(Pied)

0,50 m

1,50 m

Exposed themes during the training of extension workers la description et l’installation du pluviomètre; la mesure des pluies tombées dans le pluviomètre; la transcription des hauteurs de pluies mesurées sur le fiche de collecte;

comment faire les observations sur les cultures dans un champ; comment évaluer les phase de développement des plantes, les mauvaises herbes et les dommages dans le champ; comment faire les carrés de rendement et la détermination des rendements.

le choix des parcelles d’observations et poquets et plants à observer;

Kalo tile

Wulafq waati 18 nan

Kalo tile

Sùgùma waati 8 nan

Hakqw kafolen

Ko kùlùsilenw I n’a fù fiven, sanpqrqn, kaaba yqgqru, sanbqlqni, u daminq tuman ni u ban tuma ; u ye tivqnni minnu kq

01 0202 0303 0404 0505 0606 0707 0808 0909 1010 1111 1212 1313 1414 1515 1616 1717 1818 1919 2020 2121 2222 2323 2424 2525 2626 2727 2828 2929 3030 3131 01

Hakqw kafolen

SANJI SQBQNJAMANA : ………….. MARA : …………. KAFO : ……………… KOMUNI : ………………. ………… DUGU : ……………… ……………………………KALO SAN 201...K%L%SILIKELA T%G% N’A JAMU : …………………………………………

Kalo kùnù sanji nalen hakq: mm …………… O sanji nadon hakq: tile: ……Kalo kùnù sanji nalen cayalenba haks: mm ……….. O sanji cayalenba na don: Kalo tile: mm …..K ’a ta zanwier kalo tile fùlù la fù ni kalo tile 30 (31) sanji nalen hakq: mm …… K ’a ta zanwier kalo tile fùlù la fù ni kalo tile 30 (31) sanji nalen don hakq : tile ……

Kalo tile

Wulafq waati 18 nan

Kalo tile

Sùgùma waati 8 nan

Hakqw kafolen

Ko kùlùsilenw I n’a fù fiven, sanpqrqn, sanbqlqni, u daminq tuman ni u ban tuma

Hakqw kafolen

Tile tan sanji nalen hakqK’a ta ………………..…… kalo tile ..……. Fù a tile ………………. San 201…

Kunafoni wqrqw k’a vqsin forow cogoya ma: …………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………

Sumansiw

Kùlùsili kqdon

Dakun

Sumanju 100 la hakq min bq dakunna

Baara kqlen n ’u kqdon

Sumanw ccogoya

Binjuguw hakq

Sumanw kqnqya cogoBanaw

Tixqni fqnw

Kalo tile tan : ……………….Sumanw kùlùsili sqbqn

Jamana: …………….. Kubeda: …………….Dugu: …………………..Kùlùsilikqla tùgù n’a jamu: ……………………………………………

Journée Mondiale de l'Alimentation 2008

Techniques dTechniques d’’intervention:intervention:Techniques dTechniques d’’intervention:intervention:

Voie Terrestre Voie Terrestre (générateurs au sol);(générateurs au sol);

Produits dProduits d’’ensemencement pour vecteurs terrestres ensemencement pour vecteurs terrestres (générateurs) : iodure d(générateurs) : iodure d’’argent ; iodure de sodium ; acétone ; argent ; iodure de sodium ; acétone ; propane ;propane ;

Voie Terrestre Voie Terrestre (générateurs au sol);(générateurs au sol);

Produits dProduits d’’ensemencement pour vecteurs terrestres ensemencement pour vecteurs terrestres (générateurs) : iodure d(générateurs) : iodure d’’argent ; iodure de sodium ; acétone ; argent ; iodure de sodium ; acétone ; propane ;propane ;

Voie aérienne :Voie aérienne :

- Avion Laboratoire - Avion Laboratoire

((King-Air)King-Air);;• Produits dProduits d’’ensemencement pour vecteurs aériens ensemencement pour vecteurs aériens

(cartouches pyrotechniques et brûleurs hygroscopiques) (cartouches pyrotechniques et brûleurs hygroscopiques) 

Voie aérienne :Voie aérienne :

- Avion Laboratoire - Avion Laboratoire

((King-Air)King-Air);;• Produits dProduits d’’ensemencement pour vecteurs aériens ensemencement pour vecteurs aériens

(cartouches pyrotechniques et brûleurs hygroscopiques) (cartouches pyrotechniques et brûleurs hygroscopiques) 

PROGRAMME DE PLUIE PROVOQUEEPROGRAMME DE PLUIE PROVOQUEE

CLIMATE SERVICES PROVIDED TO USERS

• The beginning, duration, and end of the rainy season on average.• Guides for planting calendar based on rainfall measured by farmers in field.• Simple rain gauges for collecting rainfall data in the field.• Agro-hydro-meteorological bulletins on 10-day and monthly cycles, in local languages and through varied media.• Communication with the Council of Ministers about rainfall conditions and its likely evolution in Mali.

EXAMPLE OF PLANTING DATE GUIDE

CROP = SORGHUM LOCATION :KOLOKANI

CROP CYCLE LENGTH : 120 DAYS

DO NOT PLANT BEFORE 1 JUNEBETWEEN 1 AND 10 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY RAINFALL OF 40 MM;

BETWEEN 11 AND 20 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY RAINFALL OF 20 MM;

BETWEEN 21 AND 30 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY RAINFALL OF 10 MM

BETWEEN 1 AND 10 JULY EVEN IF DRY, BUT PREFERABLY AFTER RAIN;

PLANT

AFTER THIS PERIOD, IT IS RECOMMANDED TO PLANT A VARIETY WITH A SHORTER CYCLE

For the Agromet advasce component we prepared in local languages pratical planting date guides that can be directly used by farmers.In this regard farmers are trained to carry out rainfall measurements and phenological observations by using brochures edited in their local language.A special raingauge that farmers can afford is manufactured in Mali to facilitate the use of this guide.

Groupe de Travail Pluridisciplinaire D’ASSISTANCE METEOROLOGIQUE

Décade du 1er au 10 septembre 2009

Sommaire:

I. Situations météorologique et hydrologiqueII. État des cultures et Situation phytosanitaireIII. Pâturages, points d’eau et mouvement des animauxIV. État de la végétationV. Situation zoo sanitaireVI. Perspectives VII. Avis et Conseils

OTHER CARRIED OUT ACTIONS

METAGRI Project;

ANADIA Project;

IWMI Project;

CCAFS Project.

METAGRI Project - Roving Seminars on Weather, Climate and Agriculture for Farmers in West Africa

GOAL: The aim of these seminar is “to bring the peasants to better using information on weather and the climate for an effective management of the risks related on weather and the climate and a rational use of the natural resources within the framework of the agricultural production”.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: to gather the peasants in a given sector; to inform and sensitize the peasants on the effects of time, the climate and the climate changes on the breding activities; to form a core of the peasants chosen among the people taking part in the seminar on the data-gathering; to provide pluviometers to the trained peasants.fournir des pluviomètres aux paysans formés.

2424

Phase I: 8-10 roving seminars were organized in Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal from Sep 2008 to Jan 2009

Phase II: 10 roving seminars in Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guineé, Guineé-Bissau, and Togo from July to Sept 2009 & 3 additional seminars in Phase I countries

Phase III: Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone in 2011 – Additional seminars in Phase I and II countries

Evaluation and Communications Semminar 26 – 30 Sept 2011 at Bamako.

PHASES NOMBRE DE

PLUVIOMETRES

PAYS BENEFICIAIRES OBSERVATIONS

METAGRI I1000

Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger et Senegal.

METAGRI II 1700

Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cap Vert, Gambia, Guinée Bissau, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Republique de Guinée, Senegal, Sierra Leone et Togo

200 pluviomètres pour chaque nouveau pays et 60 pour les 5 pays de la 1ere phase

METAGRI III*

1570

Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cap Vert, Gambia, Guinée Bissau, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Republique de Guinée, Senegal, Togo, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana et Liberia

200 pluviomètres pour chaque nouveau pays et 70 pour les 11 pays des phases I et II

200 pluviomètres par pays

ACQUISITION ET EXPEDITION DES PLUVIOMETRES

2626

2009 Seminar – Farmers ask Questions

PROJET ANADIA

OBJECTIVES:

to characterize the evolution and the impact of the dryness by the analysis of the last episodes (frequency, intensity, duration and extension);

to evaluate the precision and the reliability of the systems of follow-up and forecast of the dryness.

N ara H om bori

N iono

B am ako

Téssalit

K ida l

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiK ayes

S égou S anK itaK éniéba

K outia la

B ougouni S ikasso

M ahina

Pluviométrie cumulée du 1er mai au 31mai 2012

Pluviométrie cumulée du 1er mai au 30 juin 2012

N ara H om bori

N iono

Bam ako

Téssalit

K idal

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahina

Pluviométrie cumulée du 1er mai au 31 juillet 2012

Nara Hom bori

N iono

Bam ako

Téssalit

K idal

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutiala

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahina

Pluviométrie cumulée du 1er mai au 31 août 2012

N ara H om bori

N iono

Bam ako

Téssalit

K ida l

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahina Nara Hom bori

N iono

Bam ako

Tessalit

K idal

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahinaKoro

D iré

N ara H om bori

N iono

B am ako

Téssa lit

K ida l

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N io ro

M optiK ayes

S égou S anK itaK én iéba

K outia la

B ougoun i S ikasso

M ah ina

Pluviométrie cumulée du 1er mai au 30 sept 2012

Pluviométrie cumulée du 1er mai au 31 octobre 2012

N ara H om bori

N iono

Bam ako

Tessalit

K idal

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahinaKoro

D iréN ara H om bori

N iono

B am ako

Téssa lit

K ida l

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiK ayes

S égou S anK itaK éniéba

K outia la

B ougouni S ikasso

M ahina

N ara H om bori

N iono

Bam ako

T éssalit

K ida l

T om bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougoun i S ikasso

M ahina

N ara H om bori

N iono

B am ako

Tessalit

K ida l

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiK ayes

S égou S anK itaK éniéba

K outia la

B ougouni S ikasso

M ahinaK oro

D iré

N ara H om bori

N iono

B am ako

Tessalit

K ida l

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiK ayes

S égou S anK itaK éniéba

K outia la

B ougouni S ikasso

M ahinaK oro

D iré

N ara H om bori

N iono

Bam ako

Téssa lit

K ida l

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahina

31 Mai 30 Juin 31 Juillet

31 Août 30 Septembre 31 Octobre

DETECTION OF RISK ZONES OF DROUGTH

MOIS D’OCTOBRE

Pluies de la troisième décade d’octobre déficitaires dans l’ensemble excepté les localités de Ouélessébougou, Sikasso, Bougouni, Yanfolila, Koutiala et San;

Cumul des pluies recueillies du 1er mai au 31 octobre 2011 normal à excédentaire excepté le Nord Ouest de la région de Kayes, l’Est de celle de Ségou, le Sud-Est de celle de Mopti où il est déficitaire.;

Cumul reste inférieur à celui de l’année dernière de façon générale.

Pluviométrie décadaire par rapport à la normale

Pluviométrie cumulée par rapport à la normale

Pluviométrie cumulée par rapport à celle de 2010

Nara Hom bori

N iono

Bam ako

Tessalit

K idal

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahinaKoro

D iré

N ara H om bori

N iono

Bam ako

Tessalit

K idal

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahinaKoro

D iré Nara Hom bori

N iono

Bam ako

Tessalit

K idal

Tom bouctouG ao

M énaka

N ioro

M optiKayes

Ségou SanK itaKéniéba

Koutia la

Bougouni S ikasso

M ahinaKoro

D iré

Activities:

Climatic study of the impacts of the dryness for the Area of Ségou and the ten villages test; Development of the component “dryness” of the Village Plans of Reduction of Risk (PVRR) of the ten villages test; Training of the observant peasants in the 10 villages test; Translation will bamanankan of them PVRR of the 10 villages test; Sensitizing PVRR by the Work groups Multi-field/Groups Room d' Weather assistance (GTP/GLAM); Participation in the organization of formation PVRR and the national conference. to evaluate the precision and the reliability of the systems of follow-up and forecast of the dryness.

PROJET CCAFS

Workshops that held in Bamako and Cinzana in to june on the communication of the results of the seasonal forecasts; missions to follow the use of the application of the seasonal forecasts by the farmers; identification of the climate risks in the concerned locations; colection and analysis of rainfall data from the project villages.

SOME RESULTSSOME RESULTS

--CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY AND ADAPTATION TO C.CCONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY AND ADAPTATION TO C.C

●● Reduction of the percentage of replanting Reduction of the percentage of replanting ((40% 40% TO TO 5% 5%) ;) ;

●● Increase of crop yield Increase of crop yield ≥ ≥ 20% ;20% ;● ● In 1998 the use of met and agromet information prevented the In 1998 the use of met and agromet information prevented the agricultural season from total failure ;agricultural season from total failure ;● ● In January 2002 Forecast of «  OUT OF SEASON » rain allowed the In January 2002 Forecast of «  OUT OF SEASON » rain allowed the National Cotton Company (CMDT) to save MILLIONS OF US $ ;National Cotton Company (CMDT) to save MILLIONS OF US $ ;

● ● National MET SERVICE is a member of the National Council for National MET SERVICE is a member of the National Council for Aggricultural Advice;Aggricultural Advice;● ● Strengthning of adaptive capavity to cope with Climate Change ;Strengthning of adaptive capavity to cope with Climate Change ;● ● Building of awareness on Climate issues ;Building of awareness on Climate issues ;● ● Transfert of technologies to rural people ;Transfert of technologies to rural people ;● ● Promotion of integration of Climate variability and Climate Change Promotion of integration of Climate variability and Climate Change to development process.to development process.

SOME CONSTRAINTS

Limitation in estimated sowing calendar of the crops: only 5 crops are concerned; Limited nomber of GLAM, insufficiency of equipment and training of its members; Technological limitation as regards local weather and climate forecasting; Lack especially logistical means for the activities of the follow-up; No coverage of the areas of North; No satisfaction of some needs for the rural world especially in information of proximity ; Insufficiency of equipment and financial means which did not allow yet the cover of the other areas in operational assistance.

PERSPECTIVES Continuation of the sensibilization and training actions in order to adapt the transferred tools;

Continuation of roving seminars;

Continuation of the equipment, the reinforcement and the modernization of the means of collection, transmission, treatment and dissemination;

Bring a support to the GLAM in order to bring closer the rural producers more;

Continuation of the improvement of the especially localized seasonal forecasts;

PERSPECTIVES (continued) Generalisation of the information system to the country with the capability building (financial supports from LDCF, GEF and other required Partners) ;

Production of meteorological and climate forecasts specialy downscaling ;

Integration of the indigenous knowlege into the system – Local Coping Strategies ;

Transfert of the local operation system of decentralized communities;

finalization of the analyse of the data from CCAFS selected villages of Cinzana rural commune.

Journées GTPA 2007 37

CONCLUSION

The weather assistance became a powerful tool for economic and social development which allowed inter alia:

the improvement of the weather services; the availability for the producers and the decision makers of tools of decision-making aid; the increase in the outputs and the quality of the productions; the limitation of the losses and risks; the reduction in the production costs; the reinforcement of capacity of the various actors; the undertake actions to adapt to climate change in Cinzan rural Commune; the safeguarding of the environment.

In the context of Climate change, the use of météorological and climatic products for decision making decision in the rural activities contribute to the implementation of a sustainable agriculture and food security.

Thank youThank youNotre contact;

AGENCE NATIONALE DE LA METEOROLOGIE

BP : 237 Bamako MALITél. : 00 (223) 20 20 62 04 Fax : 00 (223) 20 20 21 10

dnm@afribone.net .ml