• Daily Goal: We be able to diagram the structure of the Earth and list each part’s signature characteristics.

• Homework: Gist, start science fair presentation board

• Science Starter: 1. What do you think the Earth is made of?

Explain. 2. Is the Earth a solid, a liquid or a gas? Explain.

November 26 Q2 - pg.

What do all of these pictures have in

common?

THEY ALL HAVE LAYERS!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LO76yRO8HVE

Objective: You will be able to identify the layers of the earth and describe the characteristics of each.

What’s inside the Earth?

***WRITE THIS DOWN***The earth has 4 layers:

• The Crust• The Mantle• The Outer Core• The Inner Core

***DRAW THIS***Crust

Mantle

OuterCoreInnerCore

Let's investigate!

**Remember to take notes!

How is an egg like the Earth?

MANTLE

Outer and inner cores

Shell = Crust

**COPY THIS CHART IN YOUR NOTEBOOK**

Layer of the Earth

Composed of:

Temp. Solid, Liquid, Gas

Fact

Inner Core

Outer Core

Mantle

Crust

Let's delve into the details.

**But first, make sure you have the chart in your notebook!

***WRITE THIS DOWN***• The earth is made mostly of rock.

Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered by a thin

layer of water.

• The entire planet is surrounded by a thin layer of gas we call the atmosphere.

Can we dig a hole to China?

You will:

• Construct a model of the earth• Fill out facts about each layer• Answer analysis questions

Then you can tell me,• Can we dig to China?• Why or why not?

Earth Stats

• The Earth's mass is about 5.98 x 1024 kg.

• Earth is the densest planet in our Solar System (mass/volume).

• Earth is made of several layers with different compositions and physical properties, like temperature, density, and the ability to flow.

The Composition of the Earth

The Composition of the Earth

Crust•Thinnest layer (5-100 km)•Two types of crust

• Continental • Like granite• Average 30 km

• Oceanic• Like basalt

(Basalt is denser than granite!)• Average 5-8 km

Crust

Oceanic

Continental - all the ocean floors

- All continents and some islands

***WRITE THIS IN YOUR GLOSSARY***

• Earth’s Crust - the thinnest layer of Earth (5-100 km), made of two parts: –the continental crust: about 30 km

wide, made of rocks and minerals– and the oceanic crust: about 5 to

10 km. wide, made of the liquids

Remember to take notes on your Earth Diagram, too!

The Composition of the Earth

Mantle•Extremely Thick! (2,900 km)•It is too far down to drill

• How do we know what it is made of?

• Scientists infer based on:• Pushed up rock• Ocean floor/molten rock

• What is it like?• Like the mineral olivine

• Large amounts of iron and magnesium

www.soc.soton.ac.uk

***WRITE THIS IN YOUR GLOSSARY***

• Earth’s Mantle - the thickest layer of Earth (2,900 km 0r 1,700 miles!), made of hot rock. –The top of the mantle is less

dense. It is hard and rigid. –The lower part of the mantle is

more dense, the rock is hot and soft. It moves like a paste.

The Composition of the Earth

Core•Pretty darn big. (6,856 km)

• (Slightly bigger than Mars!)•33% mass of the Earth

• Scientists think….• Made mostly of iron• Some nickel, sulfur, oxygen

• What is the evidence?• The particular way seismic

waves travel• Earth’s Magnetic field

N

S

***WRITE THIS IN YOUR GLOSSARY***

• Inner Core – a ball of hot, solid, metals that makes up the center of the Earth; the densest layer of Earth

– The atoms in Earth’s core are under so much pressure , and they are pushed so closely together that they make a solid even though they are very hot!

***WRITE THIS IN YOUR GLOSSARY***

• Outer Core- a layer of liquid metal that surrounds the inner core. – The outer core is under a little bit

less pressure than the inner core, and it is also very hot. So the metal is a liquid.

The Structure

of the Earth

Inner CoreSolid

Outer CoreLiquid

MesosphereSolid

AsthenosphereViscous Liquid

LithosphereSolid

Asthenosphere = ‘weak sphere’Lower part of Mantle

Lithosphere = ‘rock sphere’Crust and upper rigid part of Mantle

How HOT is it?

Surface of Sun! 5,500°C

Sun Core 15,000,000°C

Convection

• Convection (heat) currents – carry heat from the hot inner mantle to the

cooler outer mantle. • The mantle gets warmer with depth • top of the mantle is ~ 1,600° F (870° C)• bottom of the mantle is ~4,000-6,700° F

(2,200-3,700° C) • The mantle contains most of the mass of

the Earth