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Nguyen Cong Thanh1*, Nguyen Thi Van Ha2 , Le Hoai Bao2 , Tran
Diem Chau2 , Ken Widmer31THT International Center for Education
Development, (email: [email protected])
2 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Faculty of
Environment3 International Environmental Research Center, Gwangju
Institute of Science and Technology
5th APN Workshop October, 2011
Prevalence of E. Coliand
Enterococcus spp. in urban surfacewater in Ho Chi Minh city,
Vietnam
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1 INTRODUCTION
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3 RESULTS
4 CONCLUSION
CONTENTS
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Surface water in Ho Chi MinhCity
E. coliand Total Coliform(National technical regulations on
quality of surface water QCVN
08:2008/BTNMT)
Saigon River
Fecal contamination
Urban canals
Enterococci(Current EPA standards, Section
304a, ambient water quality criteria
for bacteria, freshwater)
INTRODUCTION
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Sampling locations
20112010
INTRODUCTION
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Sampling mTEC forE.colimEI forEnterococci
CFU/100 mlcounts
E.Coliand
Enterococci
PCR Conformation
or DNA in GIST
TSBFincubation
incubation
Enterococci
MATERIALS AND METHODS
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DT
WTP
DT
WTP
Comparison ofCFU E.Coli/100mlin 2010 with 2011
Dry
season
Rainy
season
RESULTS
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Rainy
season
2010
Comparison ofCFU Total coliform/100mlin 2010 with 2011
Dry
season
2011
RESULTS
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CFU E.Coli/100ml in the dry season in 2011
RESULTS
High tide Low tide
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CFU E.Coli/100mlin the rainy season in 2011
High tide Low tide
RESULTS
High tide Low tide
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CFU Total Coliform/100mlin the dry season in 2011
RESULTS
High tide Low tide
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RESULTS
E.coliand Total Coliformwas not detected at the DT(Dau Tieng
reservoir) and the WTP (Water Treatment
Plant) locations
The fecal contamination in surface water of this year is
generally higher than last year
E.coli is 1000 times and the total coliform is 100times higher
than standard (100 CFU/100ml and 7500
CFU/100ml, respectively)
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RESULTS
E.coli and total coliform in the sampling locations ininner
canals are seriously polluted by receiving
wastewater from domestic and agriculture area, 5-10
times higher and 5-50 times higher than those in sub-
urban canals.
No difference of E. Coli in high tide and low tide in the
rainy season, in contrast, in the dry season E. Colimuch
higher in high tide, but not the same for total coliform.
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Dry
seasonRainy
season
Comparison ofCFU Enterococci /100mlbetweenhigh and low tide
indry and rainyseason in 2011
RESULTS
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RESULTS
Plate Counts of Enterococciin 88 collected samples
In dry season, the mean value is 17,883 CFU/100 ml in the range
of
1- 175.000 CFU/100 ml, of which SC3, CD2R, BB1R and CD3R are
much higher.
In rainy season, the mean value is 8340 CFU/100 ml in the range
of 1- 52.000 CFU/100 ml. in which CD3R, CD4R, CD4L and DBP-R
are
much higher
The mean value in the study area exceeds the current US-EPA
standards (151 CFU/100 ml)
PCR Confirmation
58% of the samples (51 samples in dry season) were confirmed as
Ente
rococcus
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Comparison of number of isolates confirmed PCR analysis and
number of PCR confirmation
RESULTS
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CONCLUSION
Membrane filtration methods for either E. coli or Enterococcus
spp.
could be used to indicate the extent of fecal contamination in
surface
water in Vietnam.
The extent of contamination may require additional monitoring
and
control of the runoff for these waters if they are to be used
for bathing,drinking or agricultural activities.
Among three organisms (E. Coli, fecal coliform,
enterococci),
Enterococci are preferentially attached to particles with
diameters
from 10-30 and might be a more stable indicator than E. coli
and
Fecal coliform.
Fecal coliformand E. colihave a broader distribution
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REFERENCES
- Ke, D., F. Picard, F. Martineau, C Mnard, P. Roy, M.
Ouellette, and M.
Bergeron (1999). Development of a PCR assay for rapid detection
of
enterococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37(11):3497-3503
- Zimmer, R. and A. M. Verrinder Gibbins (1997). Construction
andcharacterization of a large fragment chicken bacterial
artificial chromo-
some library. Genomics 42(2): 217-226
