DAFTAR ISI

PERNYATAAN ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

ABSTRAK ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

KATA PENGANTAR ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .......................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. vii

DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ xv

BAB IPENDAHULUAN ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

A.Latar Belakang Masalah .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. Rumusan Masalah ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

D. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

E. Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB IISTUDI LITERATUR ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

A.Hakikat Matematika .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Pengertian Matematika .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Karakteristik Matematika ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Manfaat Matematika .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. Pembelajaran Matematika di SD ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Tujuan Pembelajaran Matematika di SDError! Bookmark not

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2. Ruang Lingkup Pembelajaran Matematika di SDError! Bookmark not

defined.

C. Kompetensi Pemecahan Masalah dalam Kurikulum Matematika ...... Error!

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1. Pengertian Pemecahan Masalah ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Tujuan dan Indikator Pemecahan MasalahError! Bookmark not

defined.

3. Jenis Masalah dalam Matematika .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Langkah-langkah Pemecahan Masalah . Error! Bookmark not defined.

5. Melatih Keterampilan Pemecahan MasalahError! Bookmark not

defined.

D.Disposisi Matematis .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Pengertian Disposisi Matematis ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Indikator Disposisi Matematis ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

E. Materi Pembelajaran ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Pengertian Pecahan ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Macam-macam Pecahan ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Operasi Hitung Pecahan Sebagai Materi Pembelajaran dalam

Matematika ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

F. Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.Pengertian Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning (PCL) ........... Error!

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2.Ciri-ciri Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning (PCL) ............... Error!

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3.Langkah-langkah Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning (PCL) Error!

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4.Persamaan dan Perbedaan Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning

dengan Pendekatan Problem-Based LearningError! Bookmark not

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G.Teori Belajar yang Mendukung Pembelajaran PCL . Error! Bookmark not

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1. Teori Konstruktivisme Jean Piaget ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Teori Sosiokulturalisme Vygotsky ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Teori Ausubel ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Teori Gagne ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

H.Pendekatan Konvensional ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Pengertian Pembelajaran Ekspositori .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Prinsip Pembelajaran Ekspositori .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Karakteristik Pembelajaran Ekspositori Error! Bookmark not defined.

I. Pembelajaran Pecahan dengan Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning

Error! Bookmark not defined.

J. Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

K.Kerangka Pemikiran .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

L. Hipotesis ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB IIIMETODE PENELITIAN ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

A.Metode dan Desain Penelitian ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Metode Penelitian .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Desain Penelitian ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. Subjek Penelitian ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Populasi ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Sampel ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

C. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Lokasi Penelitian ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Waktu Penelitian ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

D. Variabel Penelitian ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

E. Definisi Operasional.................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

F. Instrumen Penelitian.................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Tes Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah MatematisError! Bookmark

not defined.

2. Skala Sikap ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Pedoman Observasi .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Pedoman Wawancara ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

G.Prosedur Penelitian ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Tahap Perencanaan ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Tahap Pelaksanaan ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Melaksanakan Pengolahan Data dan Analisis DataError! Bookmark

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4. Membuat Laporan Hasil Penelitian ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.

H.Teknik Pengumpulan dan Analisis Data ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Analisis Data ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB IVHASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASANError! Bookmark

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A.Analisis Pendahuluan .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Tes Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ................................................. 81

a. Data Awal Tes Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ......................... 81

b. Data Akhir Tes Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ........................ 89

2. Skala Disposisi Matematis ................................................................... 96

a. Data Awal Disposisi Matematis ..................................................... 96

b. Data Akhir Disposisi Matematis .................................................. 102

B. Hasil Penelitian ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Analisis Data Kuantitatif ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

a. Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning terhadap

Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ........................... 107

b. Pengaruh Pendekatan konvensionalterhadap Peningkatan

Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ................................................ 110

c. Perbedaan Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning

dengan Pendekatan Konvensional terhadap Peningkatan

Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ................................................ 111

d. Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning terhadap

Peningkatan Disposisi Matematis ................................................. 121

e. Pengaruh Pendekatan Konvensional terhadap Peningkatan Disposisi

Matematis ..................................................................................... 122

f. Perbedaan Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem-Centered Learning

dengan Pendekatan Konvensional terhadap Peningkatan Disposisi

Matematis Siswa ........................................................................... 124

g. Hubungan Positif antara Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah dan

Disposisi Matematis ..................................................................... 131

2. Analisis Data Kualitatif ...................................................................... 134

a. Deskripsi Pembelajaran Kelas Eksperimen .................................. 134

b. Deskripsi Pembelajaran Kelas Kontrol ........................................ 139

c. Analisis Hasil Observasi ............................................................... 144

1) Analisis Kinerja Guru .............................................................. 144

a) Analisis Kinerja Guru di Kelas Eksperimen ....................... 145

b) Analisis Kinerja Guru di Kelas Kontrol .............................. 147

2) Analisis Observasi Siswa ......................................................... 149

a) Analisis Observasi Siswa di Kelas Eksperimen .................. 149

b) Analisis Observasi Siswa di Kelas Kontrol ........................ 150

d. Analisis Hasil Wawancara ............................................................ 151

e. Respon Siswa ................................................................................ 155

f. Faktor Pendukung dan Pengahambat Pembelajaran PCL ............ 156

C. Pembahasan ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Pembelajaran Problem-Centered Learning Memberikan Pengaruh yang

Signifikan terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah.

............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.Pembelajaran Konvensional Memberikan Pengaruh yang Signifikan

terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah .................. 162

3. Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Kelas

Eksperimen Berbeda dengan Kelas Kontrol ....................................... 165

4. Pembelajaran Problem-Centered Learning Memberikan Pengaruh yang

Signifikan terhadap Peningkatan Disposisi Matematis ...................... 164

5. Pembelajaran Konvensional Memberikan Pengaruh yang Signifikan

terhadap Peningkatan Disposisi MatematisError! Bookmark not

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6. Peningkatan Disposisi Matematis Kelas Eksperimen dan Kontrol Tidak

Berbeda .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

7. Hubungan Positif antara Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah dan

Disposisi Matematis Siswa .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

8. Respon Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran Problem-Centered Learning

............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

9. Faktor Pendukung dan Penghambat Kegiatan Pembelajaran Problem-

Centered Learning ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB VSIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

A.Simpulan ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. Saran ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................. 179

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ........................................................................ 185

RIWAYAT HIDUP .................................................................................... 428