DA3217E_0106_BR_AnitstaticAgents

Exactly your chemistry.

Antistatic AgentsProduct Leaflet

Pigments & Additives DivisionPlastic Business

Antistatic Agents

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Antistatic agents are incorporated into plastics largely to avoid the negativeeffects of electrostatic charges (e. g. attraction of dust, static discharge, splashing of printing inks).

Contents

Product range 3

Applications 6

Safety data 15

Position under food regulations 16

Transport and storage 18

> Product leaflet

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Product range

The technical data contained in thefollowing tables conform to our lateststate of knowledge and are guaranteedby continuous quality controls. Further-more, we monitor other applicationproperties, which cannot be expressedas technical specifications. This qualitycontrol ensures maximum reliability forprocessing and use of our antistaticagents.

The quality assurance system of theBusiness Unit received certificationfrom the German Association for theCertification of Quality Systems (CQS),indicating that the requirements of DINISO 9001 have been entirely fulfilled.

For determination of the following product data the DGF methods theASTM or DIN standards are applied.

“DGF Testing Methods” can be obtainedfrom Wissenschaftliche Verlagsge-sellschaft mbH, Birkenwaldstraße 44,D-70191 Stuttgart.

Test methods

Alkali value mg KOH/g DGF-M-IV 4Alkane sulphonate % ISO 2271Amine value mg KOH/g DIN 16 945Calcium content % internal method Density at 23 °C g/cm3 DIN 53 479, ASTM D1505Density at 50 °C g/cm3 DIN 51 757Colour (Gardner value) – ISO-4630Colour (Iodinecolour value) – DIN 6162Particle size % ISO-4610Sodium sulphate % DGF-H-III 8Paraffin content % ISO 893 resp. 1104Melting range °C DIN 53 181Bulk density g/l ISO 60Nitrogen content % by KjeldahlSolidificationpoint °C ISO 3016Acid value mg KOH/g ISO 2114Tertiary amine % internal methodDrop point °C ISO 2176Saponification mg KOH/g ISO 3681value 1387Water content % DIN 51 777 (Karl Fischer)Viscosity at 50°C mm2/s DIN 51 562Volatility % internal methodViscosity at 50°C mPa.s DIN 53 018

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Characteristic valuesSpecifications1) General product data2)

Hostastat®* FA 14 Alkali value: ≈ 200 mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 °C): ≈ 30 mm2/sWater: ≤ 0.5 % Solidification point: ≤ 5 °CTert. amine: ≥ 97.5 % Density (50 °C): ≈ 0.9 g/cm3

Color (Gardner value): ≤ 3

Hostastat®* FA 24 Alkali value: ≈ 200 mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 °C): ≈ 30 mm2/sWater: ≤ 0.5 % Solidification point: ≤ 5 °CTert. amine: ≥ 97.5 % Density (50 °C): ≈ 0.9 g/cm3

Color (Gardner value): ≤ 3

Hostastat®* FA 68 Alkali value: ≈ 160 mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 °C): appr. 40 mPa.sWater: ≤ 0.5 % Solidification point: appr. 40 °CTert. amine: ≥ 97.5 % Density (50 °C): ≈ 0.9 g/cm3

Color (Iodine color value): max. 3

Hostastat®* FA 18 Calcium content: ≈ 1.5 % Bulk density: ≈ 500 g/lAmine value: ≈ 170 mg KOH/g Drop point: 85-100 °CColor (lodine colour value): ≤ 6

Hostastat®* FA 38 Nitrogen: ≈ 2.25 % Drop point: ≈ 97 °CParticle size: ≥ 99 % <2 mm Density (23 °C): ≈ 1.0 g/cm3

Bulk density: ≈ 600 g/l

Hostastat®* FE 2 Drop point: ≈ 50 °C Density (23 °C): ≈ 1.02 g/cm3

Acid value: ≤ 5 mg KOH/g Bulk density: ≈ 500 g/lSaponification value: ≈ 170 mg KOH/gColor (Gardner value): ≤ 3

Hostastat®* FE 20 Acid value: ≤ 2 mg KOH/g Solidification point: ≈ 19 °CSaponification value: ≈ 180 mg KOH/g Density (50 °C): ≈ 0.99 g/cm3

Color (lodine color value): ≤ 6 Viscosity (50 °C): ≈ 130 mPa.s

Hostastat®* HS 13) Alkane sulphonate: ≥ 90 % Melting range: ≈ 220 °CParaffin: ≤ 1 % Bulk density: ≈ 630 g/l PillsSodium sulphate: ≈ 5 % ≈ 440 g/l free flowingWater: ≤ 1 %

1) = These values are part of our “Standard-Delivery specifications”. Please refer to our product data sheets for the exact delivery specifications of each product.

2) = These data are not part of our delivery specifications.

3) = A separate leaflet exists for Hostastat HS 1 with more detailed information: “Hostastat ®HS 1 – Antistatic agent” K 222.

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Chemical designation Color Physical form

natural based ethoxylated clear low-viscous liquidalkylamine

purified, natural based clear low-viscous liquidethoxylated alkylamine

natural based ethoxylated white waxy like paste alkylamine at room temperature

natural based ethoxylated yellowish free flowingalkylamine

natural based ethoxylated light yellowish free flowingalkylamine

fatty acid ester almost white free flowing

fatty acid ester yellowish high-viscous liquid at 25 °C

alkane sulphonate pale yellow free flowing

pale yellow pills, pills Zn

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Applications

Overview

Main application areas

Hostastat FA 14 PO1) ABSHostastat FA 24 PO1) ABSHostastat FA 68 PO1) ABSHostastat FA 18 PO1)

Hostastat FA 38 PO1)

Hostastat FE 2 PO1)

Hostastat FE 20 PVCHostastat HS 1 PVC PS ABS

Due to their chemical constitution,most plastics are very good electricalinsulating materials, i.e. their electricalconductivity is exceptionally low.Because of this important property,many plastics are used as insulatingmaterials in the electrical industry.The high electrical resistivity however,leads to an undesired property, namelythat the material is prone to accumu-lating electrostatic charges.

To facilitate dissipation of the charge,antistatic agents are incorporatedwhich, in combination with atmos-pheric humidity, form a conductive film on the plastic surface.

A vital requirement for the effectivenessof an antistatic agent is limited com-patibility (solubility) with the polymerconcerned and controlled mobility(rate of diffusion) in the matrix. Forpolymers with a low glass transitiontemperature (e.g. polyolefins), conti-nuous migration of the antistatic agentis important to achieve an antistaticeffect, whereas with polymers whichhave a glass transition range consi-derably above ambient temperature(e.g. PVC, ABS and PS), the compatibi-lity at the moment of cooling is thedecisive factor.

The antistatic agents mentioned areadded to plastics before or during pro-cessing. In many plastics they migratecontinuously to the surface, where adeposit of the material can take place –often even if they are frequently removed from the surface. Possibleinteractions with the polymer must be borne in mind when choosing the antistatic additive (lubrication, haze,effects on thermal stability).

Depending on the applications theantistatic effect reaches its optimumlevel either immediately (calenderedfilm) or after a period of time (injectionmoulding, extrusion). To achieve anadequate antistatic effect, it is neces-sary to have a certain level of humidityso that the required moisture film canbe formed at the surface (as mentionedpreviously).

1) = PO = polyolefins

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PVCWhen processing semi-rigid and flex-ible calendered PVC film, Hostastat FE 20 is the preferred additive. It canalso be used as an antistatic agent forthe production of plasticized injectionmouldings and extrudates. It acts asan internal lubricant and does notcause hazing at usual addition levelsof 1 phr to 2 phr1).

Since Hostastat HS 12) causes hazingwith PVC in the typical quantity usedof 1 phr to 1.5 phr, its prime use is inopaque rigid PVC calendered films. Its strong external lubricating effectmust be taken into account during formulation.

To minimize the clouding effect ofHostastat HS 1 it can be used in com-bination, e. g. 0.3 phr Hostastat HS 1with 1.0 phr Hostastat FE 20.

For injection mouldings and extrudatesmade of rigid PVC, internal antistaticagents are less suitable (at usualaddition rates < 2 phr). In this case,we recommend an external treatmentwith an approx. 1 % aqueous solutionof Hostastat HS 13) pills. As far as possible with the production process,good antistatic effects can also beachieved by addition rates of morethan 2 phr of Hostastat HS 1 (as aninternal antistatic agent).

Hostastat FE 2 is also used for pro-cessing rigid PVC because of itseffectiveness as internal lubricant incombination with montan waxes.

Diagrams 1-4 give an indication of theantistatic effectiveness of HostastatHS 1 and Hostastat FE 20 in PVC.

PolyolefinsFor antistatic finishing of PE-LD, PE-HD, and PP Hostastat FA 14, FA 24 orFA 68, Hostastat FA 18 and HostastatFA 38 are the most suitable products.

In general, addition levels of HostastatFA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 and Hostastat FA 18 are 0.1-0.15 phr. If Hostastat FA 14 or FA 24 are drum tumbled withpolyolefin granules, they may additio-nally act as an adhesion promoter forother powdered additives.

Apart from the antistatic effect,Hostastat FA 38 acts as a processingaid when manufacturing particularlythin PE-HD films and biaxially orientated PP films (BOPP). In thisconnection it needs to be consideredthat, like with ethoxylated amines ingeneral, an impact on printability andsealability might take place, generally,the dosage of Hostastat FA 38 rangesfrom 0.2 to 0.5 phr.

Direct incorporation of Hostastat FA 14,FA 24 or FA 68 in polyolefin melts byprocessing can lead to problems ofdispersion of the antistatic agent.

Therefore, Clariant offers a range ofgranulated systems in which the activeingredient has been predispersed in asuitable carrier.

Figures 5 -15 illustrate the efficiency of Hostastat FA 14, FA 24, FA 68 andHostastat FA 18 in PE-LD, PE-HD andPP.

In addition to these products, Clariantoffers Hostastat FE 2 for antistaticfinishing of polyolefins. Because of itshigher dosage of 0.5 phr to 2 phr, thepure additive can be incorporated intothe polymer, thus receiving sufficientdispersion (see figures 16 and 17).

In cases where an especially effectiveantistatic finishing is required, a syner-gistic combination of Hostastat FA 14,FA 24 or FA 68 and Hostastat FE 2 isrecommended (as shown in figure 18).

For certain PP polymerization proces-ses Hostastat FA14, FA 24 or FA 68 areadded “in situ” to avoid agglomerationof fines whilst shut down or startup.Addition rates are from 200-300 ppm.

1) = phr: parts per hundred resin

2) = See also separate leaflet K 222 “Hostastat ®HS 1 – Antistatic agent”

3) = In order to achieve homogeneous surface coating, the additional use of flow control agents based on polyvinylalcohol is recommended. We are pleased to assist our customers in selecting the appropriate agent.

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without 0.5 phr 1.0 phr

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Figures 1 and 2:Antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in polyvinylchloride (PVC), measured on 1 mm plates produced on a two-roll mill as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482; samples stored for 3 days at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity.

Hostastat HS 1 in rigid PVC, tin-stabilized


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Figures 3 and 4:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FE 20 in polyvinylchloride (PVC), measured on 1 mm plates produced on a two-roll mill as surface resistance and half-lifeperiod according to DIN 53 482; samples stored for 3 days at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity.

Hostastat FE 20 in flexible PVC, Ca/Zn-stabilized


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Figures 5 and 6:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 14 in high-density polyethylene, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; 10 days stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity.

Hostastat FA 14 in PE-HD, MFR 190/2.16: 9 g/10 min

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Figures 7 and 8:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 14 in low-density polyethylene, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; 3 days stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity.

Hostastat FA 14 in PE-LD, MFR 190/2.16: 2-3 g/10 min

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without 0.075 phr0.05 phr 0.10 phr 0.15 phr without 0.075 phr0.05 phr 0.10 phr 0.15 phr

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Figure 9:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 14 in PP, measured as surface resistanceand half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity for 21 days.

Hostastat FA 14 in PP, MFR 230/5: 1.2 g/10 min

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Figure 11:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 18 in PP, measured as surface resistanceand half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity for 21 days.

Hostastat FA 18 in PP, MFR 230/5: 1.2 g/10 min

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Figure 10:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 18 in PE-HD, measured as surface resis-tance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity for 14 days.

Hostastat FA 18 in PE-HD, MFR 190/2.16: 9 g/10 min

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without 0.12 phrHostastat FA 68

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Figure 12:Specimen: 1 mm injection moulded plates

Hostastat FA 68 in PE-HD, MFR 190/2.16 : 9 g/10 min

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0.1 phr Hostastat FA 24

Time [days]

Figure 14

Hostastat FA 24 in PP, MFR 230/ 5 : 26 g/10 min

without 0.12 phrHostastat FA 68

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Figure 13:Specimen: 1 mm injection moulded plates

Hostastat FA 68 in PP, MFR 230/ 5 : 1.2 g/10 min

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0.1 phr Hostastat FA 24

Time [days]

Figure 15

Hostastat FA 24 in PE-LD, MFR 190/2.16 : 2.0 g/10 min

0 25020015010050 300 350 400

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Figures 16 and 17:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FE 2 in PP, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity for 21 days.

without

after storage for 5 days

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FE 2

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Hostastat FA 14

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Hostastat FA 14

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Figure 18:Antistatic efficiency of a mixture of Hostastat FE 2 and Hostastat FA 14 in PP, measured as surface resistance according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injectionmoulded plates at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity.

Synergistic mixture of Hostastat FE 2 and Hostastat FA 14 in PP, MFR 230/5: 1.2 g/190 min

without 2.0 phr

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Hostastat FE 2 in PP, MFR 230/5: 1.2 g/10 min

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Figures 19 and 20:Antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in polystyrene, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection mouldedplates; 1 day stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity.

Hostastat HS 1 in PS, MFR 200/5: 26 g/10 min


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Polystyrene and ABSHostastat HS 1 is the preferred antistaticagent for polystyrene (PS and PS-HI).The dosage level is 1.5 to 2.5 phr. Theseaddition levels lead to a reduction intransparency of general purpose PS.Therefore, the application should belimited to opaque articles. Furthermore,Hostastat FA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 andHostastat FE 20 can be used in poly-styrene, the addition rates are 0.5 to 1.0 phr (Hostastat FA 14, FA 24, FA 68)or 1.0 to 2.0 phr (Hostastat FE 20), e.g.if liquid coloring agents are involved.

For styrene co- and graft-polymers,such as ABS, either Hostastat HS 1with addition levels of 2.0 to 3.0 phr orHostastat FA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 at 0.5to 1.0 phr is incorporated.

Diagrams 19-24 give a few examplesof the antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1in polystyrene, high impact polystyreneand ABS.

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Figures 21 and 22:Antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in high impact polystyrene, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; 14 days stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity.

Hostastat HS 1 in high impact PS, MFR 200/5: 9.5 g/10 min


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Figures 23 and 24:Antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in ABS, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates;14 days stored at 23 °C/50 % rel. humidity.

Hostastat HS 1 in ABS, MFR 200/10: ca. 3 g/10 min


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Safety data

Toxicological propertiesThe acute oral toxicity (LD50) valuesare as follows:

Hostastat HS 1 500-2000 mg/kg (rat)

Hostastat FE 2 > 2000 mg/kg (mouse)

Hostastat FE 20 > 2000 (rat)

Hostastat FA 14 500-2000 mg/kg (rat)

Hostastat FA 24 500-2000 mg/kg (rat)

Hostastat FA 68 > 2000 mg/kg (rat)



Because of their alkaline nature Hosta-stat FA 14, Hostastat FA 18, FA 24, FA 68and Hostastat FA 38 are strong irritantsand particularly strong mucous membrane irritants. As for handlingthese materials, the usual precautions must therefore be taken to avoidcontact with such substances (gloves, goggles).

Ecological propertiesIf handled correctly, Hostastat FE 2and Hostastat FE 20 present no problemsin waste water disposal. Mechanicalseparation in water treatment plants ispossible. The other Hostastat gradesmust not be discharged into wastewater, as they have a fish toxicity of0.1 mg to 10 mg/l. The COD eliminability(static test) is between 2065-2600 mg/gCSB value.

Status according to the German federal regulations on hazardous substancesHostastat FE 2 and Hostastat FE 20 are not dangerous substances withinthe definition of these regulations.

Hostastat FA 14 and FA 24 are definedas “corrosive, (C)” and “environmentallyhazardous, (N)” and should be markedwith warning label “R 22, R 34, R 41, R 50/53” for FA 14 and “R 22, 34, 50”

for FA 24. Hostastat FA 18, HostastatFA 68 and Hostastat FA 38 are definedas “irritant, (Xi)” and “environmentallyhazardous, (N)” and require warninglabel “R 38, R 41, R 50/53”. Hostastat HS 1needs the labelling “corrosive, (C)” and warning label “R 22, R 34”. For further information please see safetydata sheet.

Position under food regulationsOur antistatic agents comply withnumerous regulations as shown in thetable position under food regulations.For details of national recommendations,guidelines and regulations on additionand migration limits, the relevant officialpublications should be referred to.These works are comprehensive andare amended as necessary.

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Position under food regulations

Generally speaking the following countries use the regulations laid down by the Federal Republic of Germany and/or USA: Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland.

Country Publication Regulations or recommendations

Federal Republic Bundesgesundheitsblatt Recommendation I PVC plasticizedof Germany II PVC rigid

III PEV PSVI Styrene copolymersVII PPXXII PMMAXXXIV PVDCXXXV Copolymers of ethylene, butylene…XXXVII PBKTW-Rec., Part 1/3/1

USA Code of federal Food and Drug Administration § 175.300 Coatingsregulations Title 21 § 178.3130 Antistatic and/or PO film

antifogging agents PE containersin food packaging PS and rubbermaterials modified PS

§ 178.3400 Emulsifiers and/or PVCsurface active PS and rubberagents modified PS

UK Code of practice Recommendation Plastics in generalof BDF/BIBRA

France Journal Officiel de la Lettre Circulaire 25.3.59 Plastics in generalRépression des Fraudes 2.4.69 Plastics in general

29.5.78 Plastics in generalItaly Gazzetta Ufficiale Decreto ministeriale 104/73 Plastics in general

198/81 + 120/85 PVC200/82 PO120/85 PS

Holland Verpakkingen en GebruiksartikelenBesluit (Warenwet 1980)

Belgium Belgisch Staatsblad Royal decreeAustria Information from the Erlaß des Bundesministeriums Plastics in general

Austrian health für Gesundheit und Umwelt- PVCauthorities schutz LMG v. 2.12.75 PO

PSPOM

Japan Code of Japan Positive list PVCHygienic Associations PE

PPPSABS

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* = In systems containing tin, max. = 1.5 %** = Specific migration

Maximum content in polymers (% by weight)Hostastat HS 1 Hostastat FA 14 Hostastat FA 18 Hostastat FA 38 Hostastat FA 68 Hostastat FE 2 Hostastat FE 20

Hostastat FA 24

3.0 – – – 3.0* 1.23.0 – – – 3.0 1.21.5 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.15 2.0 1.22.5 2.0 2.5 3.6 2.0 4.0 4.02.5 1.0 1.28 1.28 1.0 4.0 4.00.1 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.15 2.0 2.02.5 – – – – –3.0 – – – – –3.0 – – – – –– 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.15 – –

3.0 – – – 3.0 1.2– – – – 3.0 –

0.1 0.1 0.13 0.18 0.1 – –– – 0.19 0.27 0.15 – –

3.0 – – – – –2.6 – – – – –

3.0 – – – – –3.0 0.10 0.19 0.27 0.15 3.0 –

3.0 – – – – –– – – – unlimited –– 0.15 2 mg/dm2** 2 mg/dm2** – –– – – – unlimited unlimited

1.5 – – – unlimited 2.0 (Foodstuff type I)

– 0.2 0.25 0.36 0.2 unlimited unlimited2.5 – – – unlimited unlimitedmaximum global migration 60 mg/kg food

within specific permitted migration limits (mg/kg food)2.5 – – – – –2.5 – – – 3.0 1.22.5 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.15 2.0 2.02.5 – – – 4.0 4.02.5 – – – 0.3 0.32.0 – – – unlimited unlimited3.0 0.5 0.65 0.9 unlimited unlimited3.0 0.2 0.25 0.36 0.2 unlimited unlimited3.0 2.0 2.5 3.6 2.0 unlimited unlimited3.0 2.0 2.5 3.6 2.0 unlimited unlimited

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Transport and storage

Packaging

Hostastat HS 1 20 kg net bags/free flowing 500 kg pallet25 kg net bags/pills 500 kg pallet20 kg net bags/pills Zn 500 kg pallet

Hostastat FE 2 25 kg net PE bags 675 kg palletHostastat FE 20 180 kg net metal drums 720 kg palletHostastat FA 14 180 kg net metal drums 720 kg palletHostastat FA 18 25 kg net metal hobbock with PE liner 200 kg palletHostastat FA 24 180 kg net metal drums 720 kg palletHostastat FA 38 30 kg net metal hobbocks with PE liner 720 kg palletHostastat FA 68 175 kg net metal drums 700 kg pallet

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StorageWhen transporting or storingHostastat FA 14 and FA 24 belowsolidification point (≤ 5 °C) flocculationcan occur. This can be eliminated bygentle warming and homogenization(stirring up) and does not impair theproduct quality.

The products should be stored dry andat room temperature. Because of thehygroscopic nature of the products itis essential that package and storagecontainers are tightly closed at all times. As far as Hostastat FA 18 andHostastat FA 38 are concerned, lumpformation may occur under disadvan-tageous storage conditions.

When obeying the above mentionedinstructions, the closed units can bestored for at least 6 months.

DA 3

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Please note This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to providegeneral notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale.

® = Trademark of Clariant registered in numerous countries®* = Trademark registered in numerous countries and licensed to Clariant

Edition: January 2006/K 217 GB Exactly your chemistry.

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