STANDARD FORMAT FOR RESEARCH REPORTAT BBA AND MBA LEVEL DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES CITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PESHAWAR. Notes for Students The BBA and MBA students of Management Sciences, City University of Science & InformationTechnology,Peshawararerequiredtosubmita ResearchProjectfor thepartialfulfillmentofrequirementsfortheirdegreesinBusiness Administration. The aim of this Guide is to maintain uniformity in the writing and presentationof ResearchProposalsandProjects.Itwillalsohelptheteachersto adopt the identical approaches for supervision. All the concerned should note that The students of BBA ( 4 years ) will start their project in7th semester The students of MBA ( 1.5 years ) will start their project in2nd semester The students of MBA ( 2 years ) will start their project in 3rd semester The students of MBA (3.5 years ) will start their project in 6th semester The 6 credit hours research project at BBA level will be evaluated by internal and external examiners followed by viva voce examination. The 6 credit hours research project at MBA level will be evaluated by internal and external examiners followed by viva voce examination. ForqualityassurancetheResearchProjectswillbeexaminedforPlagiarism (Plagiarismincludesliftinginformation,textorgraphicsfromanoriginalsource withoutreferenceorcopyingwordsorideasfromsomeoneelsewithoutgiving creditandproperrephrasingthetext).Anythesiscontainingmorethan20% plagiarism will NOT be acceptable. Note 1: Your thesis has six main sections. a.Introduction b.Literature Reviewc.Methodology d.Analysis, Finding and Discussione.Conclusion f.References Note 2: Theresearchiswritteninthirdperson,e.g.Thisresearchanalyzes...orthis study undertakes. . DO NOT use 1st person and second person (like I have done ., or we have analyzed .)Note 3:Page Numbers should be Bottom Centered.PagenumberinginSMALLROMANi.e.i,ii,iii.shouldstartfrom Declaration till the last page before Chapter 1. No page numbering on Table of content page/s, although the pages are counted.From Chapter 1 till Annexure (end of the report) page numbers should benumerical i.e. 1, 2, 3.. Note 4: Following are the Heading styles, starting from Main Heading, then Sub Heading, then Sub Sections. It has five levels. CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION (Center aligned, Boldface, CAPITAL LETTERS Heading, Arial 14pt Font) 1.1 INTODUCTION TO THE STUDY (Left aligned, Boldface, CAPITAL LETTERS Heading, Arial 12pt Font) 1.1.1 Background to the study(Boldface, lowercase heading Arial 12pt Font) 1.1.1.1 If any. (Boldface, italicized, lowercase heading Arial 12pt Font) 1.1.1.1.1 If any. (Non-Boldface, italicized, lowercase heading Arial 12pt Font) Note 5: Required pages:Each CUSIT Thesis should include the following, in this order: Title page Submission sheet Certificate of Approval Declaration Abstract Table of Contents, followed by a List ofFigures and/or Tables, if graphicImages/tables are used. Thesis text References Other sections are optional, depending on your work. The correct order of these sections and their page numbers are indicated on the Sample Pages. Note 6:Line spacing:There should be 1.5 line-spaces between all texts lines of the manuscript. 1.5 line-spacesaftereverylineinthetitle,headings,footnotes,quotations,references, and figure captions. Never use single-spacing except in tables or figures.Margins: Top and Bottom Margin must be 1 pt. FromLefttheMarginshouldbe1.5pt.forbindingandfromRightit should be 1 pt. Justifications:Alignment shall be Justified all the text paragraphs of the thesis. Font:Font Style must be ArialFont should be 12 pt. throughout the thesis except stated otherwise e.g. title, name of the department and heading of the chapter name. Footnotes:Usefootnotesverycarefully.Ifafootnotecontainsmorethanafewsentences, considereitherincorporatingitintothebodyofthetextorasanappendix.The entire text of the footnote must fit on the same page as the reference appears, so adjustthebottommarginofthispageaccordingly.Allfootnotesmustbe numberedaccordingly.Anycitationsinafootnotemustalsobeincludedinthe Reference list.Note 7:Studentsmustproofreadtheirthesisinordertoavoidspelling,grammatical and Punctuation mistakes Youmustgivenumberingtoeachheadings,subheadingandsectionexcept chaptername.Youmustgivenumberingtotablesandgraphsusedinthethesis text. Any thesis not meeting the required standard is not acceptable. Any thesis containing more than 20% plagiarism will NOT be acceptable.AtleastTHREEcopiesofthefinalizedresearchprojectwithhardbinding(Sky Blue color at BBA level and maroon color at MBA level) must be submitted to City University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar using Paper size of A4 and weighting 80 grams. CUSIT has the right to modify the thesis style as per requirement. [THESIS TITLE, IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, 1.5 Line spaced, Centre aligned text] By [Your Legal name] DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES CITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PESHAWAR. SESSION [- ] Note:ThisisHardBindingCover.TheColorofHardBindingmustbeMaroonforMBA students and Sky Blue for BBA students, with Golden Font. The font size must be Arial with 12pt except the title which must be 14pt Boldface with 1.5 line space. Note:14ptBoldfacewith1.5linespace Just write Topic of your Thesis. DONOTwriteThesisorResearch Report on.Note:Arial12ptboldface.Onlywrite your name here. DO NOT usei)Submitted By: or ii)Name of Student: XYZ.Note:Thereshould be Three 1.5 spaced linesbetweenlogo andyourlegal name.Sizeoflogo canbeadjusted dependingupon length of the title. Note: Only write session here. DO NOTwrite date or month of submission of research Report.It should be the last line of the page. Arial 12pt boldface 1.5 linespace centeraligned. Note:Arial12ptboldface. Thereshouldbeone1.5line spacebetweenthetitleand ByandbetweenByandYour Legal name. Note:NameofthedepartmentisArial 14ptboldfacewhereasnameofthe instituteisArial12ptboldfacewith1.5 linespace. Both are center aligned. THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISION PRACTICES A CASE STUDY OF XYZ COMPANY By Jasir Ilyas DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES CITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PESHAWAR. SESSION [2010-11] Sample of the hard binding Cover [THESIS TITLE, IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, 1.5line-spaced, Centre aligned text] By [Your Legal name] A Thesis Submitted to City University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of [Your Degree and Program Here] NOTE:Thissubmissionsheetissameasyourhardbindingcoverpage except this text which will be the mentioned instead of logo. This text will be Arial 12pt boldface center aligned texted with 1.5 line spaces. Degree andprogramnamewillappearinthenextlineseparatefromfirsttwo lines. This text will be two 1.5 lines spaced below your legal name. DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES CITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PESHAWAR. SESSION [- ] Note: This is submission sheet of your thesis to City University THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISION PRACTICES A CASE STUDY OF XYZ COMPANY By Jasir Ilyas A Thesis Submitted to City University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MBA (Finance) DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES CITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PESHAWAR. SESSION [2010-11] Sample of the submission sheet Certificate of Approval I certify that I have read [YOUR TITLE, exactly as it appears on the title page] by [your Name], and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of [your degreeandyourprogram]attheCityUniversityofScience&Information Technology, Peshawar. Supervisor (Signature) Name: Date: (Signature) Prof. Dr. Jehanzeb) (Head of the Department) Note:Arial12ptboldface centeralignedtexted. Note:NopagenumberonCertificateof Approval, but this page is counted. Note:ThistextwillbeinArial 12ptnon-boldfacecenteraligned texted with 1.5 line space. Title of thethesiswillbeininverted commas. Certificate of Approval IcertifythatIhavereadThecapitalstructuredecisionpractices;Acasestudyofxyz company by Jasir Ilyas and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving athesissubmittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforthedegreeofMBA (Finance) at the City University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar. Supervisor (Signature) Name:Date: 10th November, 2010 (Signature) Prof. Dr. Jehanzeb (Head of the Department) Sample of the approval sheet Declaration I,herebydeclarethattheresearchsubmittedtoDepartmentofManagement SciencesatCityUniversityofScienceandITbymeismyownoriginalwork.Iam aware of the fact that in case my work is found to be plagiarized or not genuine, City University has the full authority to cancel my research work and I am liable to penal action. Note:Arial12ptNon-boldfacewith 1.5 linespace center aligned text. (Your legal Name) Date: _____________________ ii Note:Arial12ptboldface center aligned texted. Note: Type your Name and Date. Note: Page numbering starts fromDeclaration. Insert Page number inFooter aligned Centered Declaration I,herebydeclarethat theresearchsubmittedtoDepartment ofManagementSciences at CityUniversity of Science and IT by me is my own originalwork. I am aware of the fact that in case my work is found to beplagiarized or not genuine, City University has the full authority to cancel my research work and I am liable to penal action. Jasir Ilyas Date: 10th November, 2010 ii Sample of the declaration sheet Dedication Dedicated to my dear parents OrDedicated to my familyOr Dedicated to .. & ..Whose help (or patience or support) made this work possible, OrDedicated to a cause (give the cause) iiiNote: This is an Optional Page. Note:DONOTdedicateyourworkto yourself.Arial12ptboldfacecenter texted. Note:ThisPagewillbenumberedonly whendedicationisincludedinthe thesis.InsertPagenumberinFooter aligned Centered Dedication ThisresearchisdedicatedtoMyParentsandfamilyfortheirpatience& encouragement. iiiSample of the Dedication Sheet Abstract Thetextofyourabstractstartsnextlinebelowtheheading.Eachparagraph shouldbealignedjustify,andthetextshouldbe1.5line-spaced.Itshouldbeno more than 350 words; within that limit, it can extend onto a second page. Good abstract starts with a succinct statement of the problem, issue, or question youstudied.Followwithabriefdescriptionofyourmethodologyandan explanationofhowyoucollectedyourdata.(Ifyourworkinvolvescollecting informationfromagroupofpeople,includeashortdescriptionofhowyou defined and selected the respondents.)Finishwithasummaryofyourfindings,butleaveoutdiscussionsofthe importance or relevance of your results. Do not include any graphic image, chart, table, or bullet points list in this narrative. iv Note:Arial12ptboldface center aligned texted. Note: This is an Optional Page. Acknowledgement All glory is to Allah Almighty, The Superior and The Sovereign, who enabled me to undertake ...My foremost thanks from the depth of my heart .... Name of the Student v Note: Do not put a signature. Just type your name here. Note:Arial 12pt boldface center aligned texted. Acknowledgement FirstofallIwouldliketothanksAlmightyALLAHthemostmercifulandthemost beneficent,whoenabledandgiveguidancetomeincompletingthismammothtask.I would also like to acknowledge and say a lot of thanks to my respected supervisor Prof. Dr.Jehanzebforextendinghishelp,scholarlyadvice,support,usefulcomments, continuousencouragement,kindsupervisionandtimelycheckingofmymanuscript throughout the course of study. I think without his guidance and sincere efforts, I would not have been able to shape my study in this form. Furthermore, I would like to extend my gratitude to all those individuals who helped me in completing my task specially my good friends. At the end I would not forget to thanks mylovingparentswhosupportedandencouragedmethroughoutmyeducational career. Jasir Ilyas v Sample of the Acknowledgement List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ABLAllied Bank LimitedKPKKhyber Pakhtunkhwa KSEKarachi Stock Exchange T&DTraining and Development vi Note: If any acronyms and abbreviations are used in the thesis, list them here. Sample of Sample of List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Table of Contents Declaration......................................................................................................... iiDedication........................................................................................................ iiiAbstract.............................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgement..........................................................................................v List of Acronyms and Abbreviation..................................................................vi List of Tables................................................................................................... ..ix List of Figures .....................................................................................................x Chapter 1 Introduction .......................................................................................11.1 Background of the study ..............................................................................11.2.......................................................................................................................41.3.......................................................................................................................6Chapter 2 Literature Review ................................................................................7Chapter 3 Methodology .....................................................................................183.1 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................183.2 Data Collection ............................................................................................193.2.1 .......19Chapter 4 Analysis ............................................................................................22Chapter 5 Conclusion ........................................................................................31 References ........................................................................................................32Annexure A Questionnaire ................................................................................35 Note:Donot list/includethepage numberofTableof Contents here. Note:NopagenumbersonTableof Contents, but these pages are counted. Sample of the Table of Contents Note:Arial 12pt boldface center aligned texted. List of Tables Table 1 Population...24 Table 2 Male and Female ................ 26 xi Sample of List of Tables Note:Arial 12pt boldface center aligned texted. List of Figures Figure 1 Population............22Figure 2 Male and Female........27 xii Sample of the List of Figures Note:Arial 12pt boldface center aligned texted. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDYItgivesthebackgroundofthestudyandexplainsthemaintheme.Itdescribeswhat you have done, why you have undertaken it and how (in what manner or method) you havedoneitandwhy.Itmostlycomprises/encompassesyourresearchproposalbut written in the past tense as the research has already taken place.It should highlight the contribution or significance of your research. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW It highlights the review of secondary material related to the topic of research.Write it in your own words in order to avoid plagiarism and also give proper references, in the text as well as in the references section in the end. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY Ithighlightstheprocedures/processandmethodswiththehelpofwhichthe predetermined targets / objectives are achieved with special focus on Sources of data(primary,orsecondaryorbothsourcesofdatacollection),research instrument(Questionnaire,structuredorunstructuredintervieworobservation etc.),samplingandAnalyticaltechniques(variousmathematicalandstatistical techniques e.g. percentages, means correlation, regression model, NPV, IRR, t, Z or Chi-square tests etc.). CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION IthighlightsthediscussionofResultsobtainedfromtheanalysisofthecollecteddata using the Analytical techniques of the study. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION It highlightsConclusion/ Recommendationsof theyourstudy on the basis of finding of the analysis of the study. Moreover it may also highlight the Future Implications / Future Research Directions of your research topic. Appendixes Thematerialrelatedtotheresearch,butnotincludedinthemaintextofthereport (e.g. questionnaire, long statistical tables, derivation of formula, maps calculations etc.) is placed here.Your thesis may not contain any such material, in such case you can skip appendix part of the research. Note:OnlyAPAreferencingstyleisacceptable.TomakereferencingeasieruseMS office references option or End Note software. HERE ARE SOME OF THE DETAILS TO REMEMBER.References What is referencing?Referencing is a standardized way of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas that you have used in your research and which allows the sources to be identified.Why reference?Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and more fully understand the cited authors work.Steps in referencing Record the full bibliographic details and relevant page numbers of the source from which information is taken. Insert the citation at the appropriate place in the text of your document. Include a reference list that includes all in-text citations at the end of your document. In-text citations In an author-date style, in-text citations usually require the name of the author(s) and the year of publication. A page number is included if you have a direct quote, paraphrase a passage or you want to direct the reader to a specific page or idea. Page numbers may also be included if the you are referring to a long work and the page numbers might be useful to the reader.How to create a reference list/bibliography A reference list includes just the books, articles, and web pages etc that are cited in the text of the document. A bibliography includes all sources consulted for background or further reading.Note:Arial 12pt boldface center aligned texted. A reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. If an item has no author, it is cited by title, and included in the alphabetical list using the first significant word of the title. If you have more than one item with the same author, list the items chronologically, starting with the earliest publication. Each reference appears on a new line. Each item in the reference list is required to have a hanging indent. References should not be numbered.What's the difference between reference and bibliography?Bibliography is listing all the materials that have beenconsulted while writing an research.References,ontheotherhand,arethosethathavebeenquotedor paraphrased in your research.Referencesareciteddirectlyinthetext,bibliographyisnotciteddirectlyinthe text.Referencescanbeusedtosupportyourstatementorargument,a bibliography does not have such roles.How to refer a Book? Author(s) of book family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of book italicized. Place of publication: Publisher. Example: Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2003). Research Methods for Business Students. India: Pearson education limited. How to refer a Journal Articles? Author(s) of journal article family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication).Title of journal article. Journal name italicized, Volume italicized( Issue or number), Page number(s). Example:Schafer,J.L.&Kang,J.(2008).Averagecausaleffectsfrom nonrandomizedstudies:Apracticalguideandsimulatedexample.Psychological Methods, 13, 279-313. How to refer a Conference papers? Author(s) of paper family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication).Title of paper.Title of published proceeding italicized. Place of Publication: Publisher. Example:Bohrer,S.,Zielke,T.,&Freiburg,V.(1995).Integratedobstacle detection framework for intelligent cruise control on motorways.Paper presented at IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. Detroit, MI: Piscataway. How to refer a Newspaper and magazine articles? Author(s) of article family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication, month day).Title of article.Title of newspaper italicized, p. page number(s). Example: Cook, D. (2002, January 28). All in the mind.The Age, p. 8. How to refer a Government Publication? Author(s) of report (person or organization), use & for multiple authors.(Year of Publication).Title of report italicized. Place of publication: Publisher. Example:QueenslandHealth.(2005).HealthSystemsReviewFinalReport. Brisbane: Queensland Government. How to refer a Thesis? Authorofthesis familynameandinitials.(Year ofpreparationofthesis).Titleof thesis italicized. (Award, Institution, Year). Example: Axford, J.C. (2007). What constitutes success in Pacific island community conserved areas?(Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland, 2007). How to refer a Webpages? Author(s) of page person or organization, use & for multiple authors. (Year page createdorrevised).Titleofpageitalicized.Retrievedmonthday,yearof retrieval, from web address. Example: Atherton, J. (2005). Behaviour Modification. Retrieved February 5, 2009, from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/ behaviour_mod.htm How to refer a Television programs? Writer name(s) (Writer). (Year, month day).[ Type of medium]. Place of broadcast: Who broadcast the program. Example: Bryant, B. (Writer). (2001, September 12). The Bryant medical hour [Television broadcast]. Sydney, NSW: Public Broadcasting Service. How to refer an indirect citation? Anindirectcitationiswhentheideasofoneauthorarepublishedinanother authors text but you have not read or accessed the original authors work. In the listofReferencesprovidethedetailsoftheauthoroftheworkyouhave read.WithintextitiswrittenasMiller(citedinAgrios2005)foundoritwas found(Miller,citedinAgrios2005).Inreferencelist,citethesourcewhereyou found the citation. Example:Agrios,G.N.(2005).Plantpathology(5thed.)Burlington, Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press.