CURRICULUM GUIDE: CIRCUMNAVIGATIONanswer the questions. Tell students that while they are reading about one round- ... Teachers are provided teaching guides for science, geography,

Volume 1, I s sue 16

© 2002 The Washington Post Company

CURRICULUM GUIDE: CIRCUMNAVIGATION

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PostNewspaperInEducationProgram

An Integrated CurriculumResource Program

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Around-the-World Challenge

Ocean Resources

Which of These IsTrue?

Careful PackingMap Race

Word Study: A Look at Circumnavigation

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We’ve Got Answers4

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IN THIS ISSUE

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An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

Volume 1, I s sue 16 Apri l 23, 2002KLMNO


Lesson: Learn aboutgeography and weatherwhile reading about around-the-world endurancesailboat race

Level: Beginning toMiddle

Subjects: Geography,Mathematics

Related Activity: PhysicalEducation, Health

Procedure

Read and Discuss Ask students to estimate

the size of their classroom.Have them measure theroom in feet. Then compareit to the 60-foot longsailboats on which each 12-member team lives for mostof nine months. Whatwould they want and needin that space if they were tolive there for one week?

Read the articles on theVolvo Ocean Race fromKidsPost as a class, thenanswer the questions. Tellstudents that while they arereading about one round-the-world race, they are alsolearning about geographyand weather.

1. How many people areon each sailboat?

2. How many total sailsmay a sailboat pack? Whyare different kinds and sizesof sails needed?

3. List ways the sailboatshave been designed to sailas fast as possible.

4. Where do crew sleep?Why don't they all sleep atthe same time?

5. People need water to

survive. What precautionshave been taken to ensurethat water will be availableto the crew?

6. What is the GlobalPositioning System? Do anystudents have navigationsystems in their familyvehicles? How does it work?

7. What danger do whalespresent to sailors?

8. What is a "growler"?How might growlers harm asailboat?

9. What is frostbite?10. What are seaweed and

kelp? Explain what sailorsdo with seaweed and kelp.

11. Why do the sailorshave such long stops inharbor between legs of therace?

Learn About“Circumnavigation”

Give students “WordStudy: a look atcircumnavigation.”

Develop VocabularyAfter reading about

“circumnavigation,” havestudents create their ownvocabulary lists of newwords found in theKidsPost articles. Havethem define the words.

Use a MapStudents are asked

questions as they follow theround-the-world race routeof the Volvo Ocean Race.Three reproducibles areprovided, dividing the raceinto segments:Southampton, England, toAuckland, New Zealand;Auckland to Baltimore,

Ocean Resources

http://www.volvooceanadventure.org/article.php/home.html

Volvo Ocean AdventureFor students. Satellite images of wind and waves and weather are providedduring the round-the-world Volvo race. Special features include explanation ofthe Gulf Stream, ocean currents, calving of an iceberg and dark water in theFlorida Bay. Teachers are provided teaching guides for science, geography, ITand citizenship, for students age 10-16. Students are encouraged to enter forYoung Environmentalists awards. Impact Zone looks at human impact onmarine pollution, endangered species. Ocean Zone interactives are worth a visit.

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/volvooceanrace/

Round the WorldNational Geographic interactive section allows visitors to take the helm andcheck out the anatomy of an ocean racer. Fascinating GEO Files includehitting "Liquid Himalaya." Check on National Geographic channelcoverage.

http://www.volvooceanrace.org/homepage.html

Volvo Ocean Race: Round the World 2001–2002Official site for the 32,700 nm, nine-leg race that began in England inSeptember 2001 and ends in Germany in June 2002.

http://www.volvooceanrace.org/port/maryland/website.html

Baltimore, Annapolis & Sandy Point Race links, news and events for the Maryland leg of the race

http://www.volvooceanrace.org/port/larochelle/website.html?URL=port%2Flarochelle&x=23&y=4

La RochellePractice your French when you entrez the La Rochelle official site. This townon the west coast of France is a fascinating mixture of the old and the new.

http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/

National Marines Fisheries ServiceNOAA Fisheries main objective is to sustain, protect and rebuild the U.S.'national living oceans. Site covers main topics including endangered speciesand mammals, trade and fisheries economics. Kids Corner provides activi-ties, career information and resources for teachers.

http://www.pewoceans.org/

Pew Oceans CommissionA 2002 study of the status of marine life and pollution, coastal develop-ment, effect of agriculture, and aquaculture and fishing. Comprehensive butaccessible.

http://www.noaa.gov/charts.html

NOAA Charting and NavigationNautical charts, tide and current tables

CircumnavigationKidsPost Article: “Home on the Water”

3 © 2002 The Washington Post Company



Maryland; Baltimore/Annapolis to Kiel, Germany.What do students know of the oceans the boats willsail and the countries that will host the crew? Givestudents each reproducible and ask them to answerthe questions. Discuss their answers.

Take a Closer LookGive students “Careful Packing.” Think about the

impact of endurance races on the human body. Forexample, while sailing over 7,000 nautical miles ofLeg One in heat and cold, team members lose bodyfat, vitamins and minerals. Their bodies need time torestore before facing the extreme cold and dangerouspassage of Leg Two. Younger students may be given“Which of These Is True?” instead of this activity.

WriteAsk students to write a short essay on the follow

topic. How might the experience of these enduranceracers benefit other endurance racers and pleasureboaters? Who else might benefit from this round-the-world endurance race?

Enrichment1. Read more about one of these endurance races:

Tour de France, Iditarod, Le Mans. Write a short,informative piece. Include answers to the followingquestions: When and why was the race begun? Whatare the dangers and challenges? What are and whoset the records? Why do people participate?

A variation on this would be to study the impactof technology on endurance races. For example, inthe 1970s contact with sailboats was by highfrequency radio once or twice a week; in the currentrace, BTexact Technologies provides position dataevery 10 minutes. One of the most isolated ofcompetitions is now accessible to the interestedpublic. How is this same technology helpful to theteams?

2. Who sailed the seas in search of adventure,riches and other lands? Study those who came beforeour modern maritime marathoners. Here are a fewto get you started. Research the Vikings, Polynesiansand Phoenicians. Egyptians, Greeks and Persianswere aware that Africa was almost surrounded bywater. Which individuals should students research toput a face on the story? Try Bartolomeu Dias, Vascoda Gama, Pedro Cabral, Nunez de Balboa andHernan Cortes. Don't forget the immortals—Ferdinand Magellan, Sebastian del Cano, Sir FrancisDrake and Captain James Cook.

CCyycclloonnee:: Storms that reach sustained 74-mph or greater winds inthe Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal.

DDoollddrruummss:: A region of the ocean near the equator, characterizedby calms, light winds or squalls. A slump. Period of depressionor unhappy listlessness. This plural noun is used with a singularor plural verb.

GGaallee:: A very strong wind. Winds with speeds from 32 to 63 miles(51 to 102 kilometers) per hour.

GGaallee ffoorrccee:: Raging, wild, furious, blustery, tempestuous, stormy

GGuullff SSttrreeaamm:: A warm ocean current of the northern Atlantic Oceanoff eastern North America.

HHuurrrriiccaannee:: A severe tropical cyclone originating in Pacific east ofthe International Date Line, equatorial regions of the AtlanticOcean or Caribbean Sea, usually involving heavy rains. A windwith a speed greater than 74 miles (119 kilometers) per hour.

KKnnoott:: A unit of speed, one nautical mile per hour, approximately1.85 kilometers (1.15 statute miles) per hour.

NNaauuttiiccaall mmiillee:: Unit of length used in sea and air navigation, basedon the length of one minute of arc of a great circle, especially aninternational and U.S. unit equal to 1,852 meters (about 6,076feet).

SSaaiilliinngg:: Movement of a boat or ship by means of the driving forceof the wind through the use of sails. The sail or sails are set atapproximately a 90-degree angle to the longitudinal axis of theboat, with power derived from the wind's push on the sails' backsurfaces.

TToorrnnaaddoo:: A violent, rotating column of air in contact with theground. Whether it lasts a few minutes or hours, its winds arevery destructive to anything in its whirling path.

TTyypphhoooonn:: Storms reaching sustained 74-mph or greater winds inthe Pacific west of the International Date Line.

WWaatteerr ssppoouutt:: A tornado over water. Its winds are typically 50-100mph.

Definitions are from the American Heritage Dictionary and The Handy Weather

Answer Book

Vocabulary

© 2002 The Washington Post Company4



AnswersWhich of These Is True? 1. D, 2. B, 3.A, 4. C, 5. B, 6. B, 7. D, 8. C, 9. A, 10. C

Volvo Ocean Race

Southampton to AucklandLeg One: 3. 96; 4. At the equator; Thisis a calm area with little or no winds; 5.Winds can cause huge waves that maydamage a boat, fill it with water orcapsize it. Members of the crew havebeen blown overboard.

Leg Two: 2. 7,537.60 miles; 3. TheSouthern Ocean area surroundsAntarctica. Here the Indian, Pacific andAtlantic oceans merge as they near theSouth Pole. Much of this leg was spent inthe Southern Ocean, considered the mosttreacherous stretches of water on theplanet. 4. Summer. They are nearAntarctica where icebergs andhypothermia may endanger them. Youmay wish to use the map in the Antarcticacurriculum guide.

Leg Three: 3. Read “Week 1: HighwayThrough Hell” (http://www.volvoocean-race.org/news/feature/f3_011229_week1.html) for a full account of what happened.Depending on how close the water spoutis, skippers can try to steer away from it ordrop sails and hope. 4. Tasmania. 5.15,950 nautical miles.

Auckland to BaltimoreLeg Four: 2. Southern Ocean, PacificOcean, Atlantic Ocean. 3. TheInternational Date Line is in the PacificOcean. It is an imaginary line mostlycorresponding to 180 degrees longitude.To the east of it, the calendar date is oneday earlier than to the west. 4. Tierra delFuego belongs to Chile and Argentina. 5.Ferdinand Magellan and his crew called itland of fire when they saw the fires fromnative camps during the nights they madetheir way through the straits.

Leg Five: 2. Brazil; Brasilia. 3. A statue ofChrist on Corcovado Mountain. 4. No. Theboats were already in the Atlantic Oceanwhen they reached Brazil. 5. Florida.

Leg Six: 2. Chesapeake Bay. 3. This iswhere the 25-hour bombardment took

place that inspired Francis Scott Key towrite the poem “The Star-SpangledBanner.” On September 13-14, 1814,during the War of 1812, the fort withstoodBritish attack. The poem became thenational anthem in 1931. 4. The GulfStream assists boats sailing north. 6.12,025 nautical miles.

Baltimore/Annapolis to KielLeg Seven: 2. Remind students thatAnnapolis is the capital of Maryland andthe home of the U.S. Naval Academy. 4.Titanic. On its maiden voyage, the luxuryliner that had been declared unsinkablesank. It is believed 1,513 of more than2,220 people aboard died.

Leg Eight: 2. Bay of Biscay, EnglishChannel, North Sea, Baltic Sea. 3. TheVikings were Nordic people - Danes,Swedes, Norwegians. In the 11th century,England, Denmark and Norwaycomposed the Scandinavian empire of theNorth Sea. They settled the uninhabitedAtlantic lands of Iceland and Greenland.In Iceland, they produced the sagas ofmedieval literature.

Leg Nine: 2. 32,712 nautical miles. 3. LegOne. 4. Yes. 5. Kiel is located on KielFjord and the Baltic Sea, directly facingthe water, in Schleswig-Holstein betweenthe North Sea and the Baltic. Kiel lives onthe water and off the water with regularshipping links to the lands around theBaltic, Scandinavia, Russia and the BalticStates. 6. Helge Alten, Chief Executive ofThe Volvo Ocean Race stated, “Germanyis one of the major markets in Europe, forrace sponsors, syndicates and for Volvo. Itis with great pleasure that I am able toconfirm today that Kiel will be the finishport for The Volvo Ocean Race. Kiel wasa natural choice for us to stage the finish.It has a world-class reputation for sailing,staging the Olympics sailing regatta twice,and Kieler Woche is also a fine example.The final leg will provide some excitingracing and the finish in Kiel will mark theend of a nine-month test of stamina,strength and endurance not just for thecrews who will have sailed over 32,250nautical miles, but also for the shorecrews, sponsors and partners who havesupported them.”

If you don't have time for reading and research,place the explorers and their dates of voyage inrandom order. Ask students to organize them in achronological timeline. Or ask students to record on amap how far each explorer got in his journeys.

3. Does an all-woman team have a chance in anendurance race? Go to the news archives and teamsections on the home page of the Volvo Ocean Raceto meet the skipper and 12-woman crew of AmerSports Too.

The KidsPost articles used in this curriculum guide:

“Home on the Water” can be found athttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A31540-2002Apr22.html

“On Board” can be found athttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A31538-2002Apr22.html

“Around the World”Graphic of the race course found on page 5 of this guide:http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/metro/graphics/volvorace_041702.html

To read more about the Miami to Baltimore/Annapolis leg of the race, read the following:

“News Corp Takes Lead In Volvo”http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A63362-2002Apr17.html

“Aussies Take Leg Up in Wee Hours Finish”http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A11104-2002Apr18.html

“Elite Yacht Race Marketed to the Masses”http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A62721-2002Apr16.html

These dispatches were used to gather data for the “CarefulPacking” exercise:

Weight Watchershttp://www.volvooceanrace.org/news/feature/f1_011017_weightwatchers.html

Man Overboard Drillhttp://www.volvooceanrace.org/news/feature/f2_011123_manoverboard.html

The Curse of the Coldhttp://www.volvooceanrace.com/news/feature/f2_011114_hypothermia.html

Making the Unsafe Safehttp://www.volvooceanrace.com/news/feature/f3_011228_safetyfirst.html

Battered and Bruisedhttp://www.volvooceanrace.org/news/feature/f3_injuries_020108.html


Annapolis

BRAZILBRAZIL

ANTARCTICAANTARCTICA

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

BY LARRY FOGEL—THE WASHINGTON POST

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THE VOLVO 2001-2002

NorthAtlanticOcean

SouthAtlanticOcean

IndianOcean

PacificOcean

La Rochelle, France. to Goteborg,Sweden 1,075 nautical miles.

Annapolis to La Rochelle,France. 3,400 nautical miles.

Goteborg, Sweden toKiel, Germany 250nautical miles.

Miami toBaltimore/Annapolis 875nautical miles.

Rio de Janeiro, Brazilto Miami 4,450nautical miles.

Auckland, New Zealand toRio de Janeiro, Brazil 6,700nautical miles.

Sydney, Australia via Hobart, to Auckland,New Zealand 2,050 nautical miles.

Southampton, Britain to Cape TownSouth Africa, 7,350 nautical miles.

Cape Town SouthAfrica, to SydneyAustralia 6,550nautical miles.

Finish: Kiel, Germany, June 9, 2002.

Start: Southampton, Britain, September 23, 2001.

Goteborg

Kiel

LaRochelle

Southampton

Cape Town

Sydney

Hobart

Baltimore

Annapolis

Miami

Rio de Janeiro

Auckland

ANTARCTICA

AFRICA

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

ASIA

NEW ZEALAND

AUSTRALIA

BRAZIL

U.S.

CANADA

SOUTHAFRICA

A typicalrace boatdesigncalled theV.O. 60.

SouthernOcean

SouthernOcean

Azimuthal equidistant projection —Shows the whole world. The Web address for Volvo update http://volvooceanrace.org

Race route

Route is dividedinto 9 legs

The boats circumnavigate the world around Antarctica in the southern regions. Total race distance is32,700 nautical miles and exceeds the circumference of the world which is 21,600 nautical miles. Alldistances shown are in nautical miles and are approximate. 10 nautical miles equals 11.5 statute miles.

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LEG ONE1. Sailboats departed from Southampton,

United Kingdom. Find it on the map.2. Eight 60-foot yachts set sail for Cape

Town, South Africa, on Sept. 23, 2001. Theywere to travel the 7,350 nautical miles byOct. 23, 2001. Find Cape Town, SouthAfrica, on the map. Mark the route fromSouthampton to Cape Town.

3. There are 12 crew on each sailboat.How many total sailors were competing inthe Volvo Ocean Race?

4. The crew encountered very unusualweather on this leg of the trip. There wereno northeasterly trade winds in the northAtlantic; then they made anuncharacteristically quick passage acrossthe Doldrums. Where are the Doldrums?

Why does being in the Doldrums usuallyslow sailboats?

5. Unexpected weather influenced thesailboats as they neared Cape Town. Gale-force winds struck, blowing at 35 knots withgusts up to 45 knots. When is winddangerous out at sea?

LEG TWO1. On Nov. 11, 2001, the sailboats left

Cape Town and sailed toward Sydney,Australia. Find Sydney on the map. Tracethe route sailed from Nov. 11 to Dec. 4,2001.

2. The distance on this leg is 6,550nautical miles. A nautical mile is equivalentto 1.150779 miles. To how many “statute” orland miles was this leg equal?

3. This is the Southern Ocean leg of theroute. Why is it called this?

4. What season is this in the SouthernHemisphere? Why might the sailors seeicebergs?

LEG THREE1. On Dec. 26, 2001, the boats left

Sydney by way of Hobart for Auckland, NewZealand. Find Auckland on the map. Tracethe 2,050 nautical mile-route sailed Dec. 26to Jan. 3, 2002.

2. While sailing the 630 miles fromSydney to Hobart, the weather turned bad.A thunderstorm began about 11 hours intothe trip. The skipper of Djuice describedwhat happened next: “I was driving at thetime and while I was looking at the big cloudahead of us, I could see a tornado-shapedthing starting to shape under the cloud.Within five minutes it had reached all theway down to the surface and was growingand spinning very fast - very scary stuff.” Awater spout had formed. It is fast-moving,long, vertical and spinning with the bottomof it pulling up water from the sea. Draw apicture of the water spout.

3. If you were skipper of a sailboat whena water spout set down, what would youhave your crew do?

4. What is the name of the island onwhich Hobart is located? It is a part ofAustralia.

5. The distance from Sydney to Aucklandis 2,050 nautical miles. How many totalnautical miles were sailed on legs one, twoand three?

Volvo Ocean Race: Southhampton to Auckland

Sailboats sail from one harbor to another in the Volvo Ocean Race. The starting place to the destination is called a leg. There are nine legs in this race. Usethe map on Page 5 to complete this activity. Answer on your own paper.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Sydney Harbor




LEG FOUR1. On Jan. 27, 2002, the sailboats

departed Auckland for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.They sailed 6,700 nautical miles andreached their destination by February 19.Trace the route of leg four on the map.

2. In what oceans are they sailing? 3. Where is the International Date Line?

Why does it exist? 4. What countries lie at the southern most

point of South America? 5. Which early circumnavigator named the

southern tip of South America Tierra delFuego (land of fire)?

LEG FIVE1. From Rio de Janeiro, the eight

sailboats headed north for Miami. This is ajourney of 4,450 nautical miles. They left thestart line on March 9, 2002, and reachedMiami by March 27. Trace the route on themap.

2. In what country is Rio de Janeirolocated? What is its capital city?

3. What large statue greets people asthey enter the bay in Rio de Janeiro?

4. Did the sailboats have to use thePanama Canal to get from Rio de Janeiro toMiami?

5. In what state is Miami located?

LEG SIX1. Leg six is 875 nautical miles. The boats

left Miami on April 14 and sailed forBaltimore. They were to reach Baltimore byApril 17. Trace the route on the map.

2. In what bay is Baltimore located?3. Leg Six finished at Fort McHenry. Why

is this Maryland fort famous? 4. Why do you think only four days were

needed to make this trip? 5. The Gulf Stream flows from the Gulf of

Mexico through the Florida Keys to CapeHatteras. It then flows northeast into theAtlantic Ocean away from land. East ofGreenland, the Gulf Stream sinks into thedeep ocean. Color its flow along the coastand into the open ocean, to Greenlandwhere it disappears into the depths of theoceans.

6. How many total nautical miles weresailed in legs 4-6?

Volvo Ocean Race: Auckland to Baltimore

This part of the race takes us from New Zealand to Brazil in the Southern Hemisphere, then north to the eastern coast of the United States. Use the map on page 5 to complete this activity. Answer on your own paper.

REUTERS

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Volume 1, I s sue 2 May 22, 2001KLMNO


LEG SEVEN1. On April 28, 2002, eight sailboats sail

from Annapolis. They begin a 3,400 nauticalmile-voyage to La Rochelle, France, wherethey are to arrive on May 11, 2002. Tracethe route of this leg on the map.

2. Why do you think Annapolis wasselected as the starting point for LegSeven?

3. Where is Newfoundland located? Findit on the map.

4. In April 1912, a luxury liner was sailingfrom Southampton, England, to New YorkCity when it struck an iceberg south ofNewfoundland. What was the name of theliner? What happened to it?

5. Fishing and shipbuilding are part of theculture of La Rochelle. So are sidewalkcafes. Draw a picture of a scene in LaRochelle.

LEG EIGHT1. The sailboats depart La Rochelle on

May 25 to travel 1,075 nautical miles toGøteborg, Sweden. They are to arrive onMay 31, 2002. Trace the route on the map.

2. On what bodies of water do the boatssail on Leg Eight?

3. Who were the Vikings? Where did theylive?

4. This is the first time the race will visitSweden. Swedish boats have competed inthe race many times. Gøteborg is also thehometown of Volvo. Do you think it is agood idea to visit Gøteborg?

LEG NINE1. On June 8, the last leg begins. The

competitors sail 250 nautical miles fromGøteborg to Kiel, Germany. They areexpected to cross the finish line on June 9,2002. Trace the route on the map.

2. How many total nautical miles weresailed in the Volvo Ocean Race?

3. Which was the longest leg of the entirerace?

4. Was the longest leg of the race giventhe most days to complete?

5. On what body of water is Kiel located? 6. Kiel hosted the Olympics sailing regatta

twice and has a reputation around the worldfor gifted sailors. It is a major economic,academic and cultural center in bothnorthern Germany and northern Europe,where both the navy and shipbuildingindustries have their bases. State why youthink Kiel is or is not a good place to endthe round-the-world race.

7. Why do you think people compete inendurance races?

Volvo Ocean Race: Baltimore/Annapolis to Kiel

The last three legs of the race takes us from the United States to France, then north and east to Sweden and Germany. Use the map on page 5 to complete this activity. Answer on your own paper.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Chesapeake Bay Bridge


Which of These Is True?You are given four choices after each question. One of the choices is the correct answer. Put the letter of thecorrect answer on the blank before the question.

_____ 1. Which of these items do most people needto survive?a. Applesb. Chocolatec. Pancakesd. Water

_____ 2. Which of these people would usually befound on a Volvo race boat?a. Firemanb. Sailorc. Reporterd. Acrobat

_____ 3. Which ocean is located betweenAnnapolis, Maryland, and Southampton, England?a. Atlanticb. Balticc. Pacificd. Southern

_____ 4. The crew encountered all of these excepta. Doldrumsb. Windc. Desertd. Icebergs

_____ 5. Which is the shortest distance?a. 6,700 nautical milesb. 875 nautical milesc. 2,050 nautical milesd. 6,550 nautical miles

_____ 6. In which direction did the eight sailboatssail from Rio de Janeiro to reach Miami?a. East and Southb. North and Westc. Southd. West and South

The Iditarod is an annual race held in March.Approximately 75 teams start the race each year.Twelve to 16 dogs pull a sled for 1,150 miles fromAnchorage to Nome, Alaska. During the eight tonine days, the mushers and dogs face freezing tem-peratures, snow and very difficult terrain.

_____ 7. How often is the Iditarod race held?a. Once every monthb. Only when it snowsc. Once every four yearsd. Once a year

_____ 8. What is a “musher”?a. Specially trained dogsb. Lead dogsc. Human who drives the sledd. Veterinarian

_____ 9. How many dogs usually pull each sled?a. Around a dozenb. Fewer than a half dozenc. More than two dozend. Ten

_____ 10. If the race took nine days to complete,how many miles per day would the team have toaverage to complete the race?a. 96 milesb. 2 milesc. 128 milesd. 1,000 miles

NAME __________________________________________________ DATE _____________

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Careful Packing: Staying Healthy and Safe is Challenging

The eight sailboats in the Volvo Ocean Race are competing with each other all nine legs of the race. In order to win,each team must navigate well, sail fast and keep its boat and crew in good shape. This means they must travel light, andbe ready for any danger and extremes in weather conditions. Let's take a closer look at the decisions they have made.Write your answers on your own paper.

SafetyEach boat must be as light as

possible, yet the team must ensurethe safety of each of its 12 members.List four examples of the basicequipment that the crew packed,then tell how each example will helpto keep the crew safe.

DrillJust as school administrators

require fire drills, the organizers ofthis race required all competingteams to demonstrate their ability tooperate their emergency equipmentprior to the start in Southampton.These demonstrations included theuse of the emergency rudder, stormsails and the most important exerciseof all—the man-overboard drill.What equipment would you expect tosee used in the man-overboard drill?

NavigationThe skipper and crew must make

wise decisions of where to sail in thelarge bodies of water. What advancesin modern technology are helpingthe boats to find the fastest andsafest routes? Do you think it is fairto use modern technology in anendurance race?

MealsThe team members eat three main

meals a day. To save weight the mealsare freeze-dried. Their meals rangefrom pasta bolognaise to Chineserice and beef stroganoff. For everyday at sea, each crew member needsto consume more than 5000 calories,more than double the normallyrecommended calories for a person.If you have had astronaut's ice creamfrom the Smithsonian, you haveeaten freeze-dried food. Plan oneday's menu that will be interesting,balanced, and provide zinc and othernecessary minerals and vitamins.

SnacksSnacks are consumed for health

and motivation. Why would each ofthe following be a wise choice forsnacks? 1. Mixed nuts and driedfruit, 2. Chocolate candy bar, and 3.Peanut butter.

DehydrationEvery boat carries a water-maker

(plus a back up) which removes thesalt from sea water to make it drink-able. When thirsty, crew do not carewhat the water tastes like. Lack ofwater can effect mental acuity, phys-ical ability and kidney function.Magellan and other sailors knew thebenefits of vegetables and fresh fruitfor water and nutrition. Should raceorganizers make it mandatory thateach boat pack a ration of freshvegetables and fruit on each leg foreach crew member?

IV InterventionRiders in the Tour de France finish

each stage of their bicycle racethrough France, enjoy dinner, andthen sleep while hooked up to intra-venous (IV) drips that feed all thenecessary vitamins along with fluiddirectly into their circulation. Do youthink the bicyclists should continuewith this practice in order tocompete at the current high perform-ance level or should the race bechanged to reflect real human needs?Why would you or would you notrecommend this practice to maritimemarathoners?

11




Word Study: A Look at Circumnavigation

What do “circumlocution,”“circumvent” and “circumspect”have in common? They have thesame prefix, “circum.” Do youremember what the Latin word“circum” means? Think of thecircumference of a circle. It is thedistance around the outside of acircle.

Have you ever been to a three-ringcircus performance? Inside three largecircles action is taking place. “Circus”comes from the Middle English wordcercle, which was from Old French.For the word origin, we have to lookfurther back to Latin circulus, whichmeant circle and came from Greekkirkos. We've been going in circles formany generations.

We don't want to be running, orwalking, in circles in the hallways atschool. We want to navigate our wayto class to be on time. “Navigate” isactually a seafaring term. It comesfrom navis, the Latin word for ship.You know what a navy is. Perhaps,you have visited the U.S. NavalAcademy in Annapolis.

The second part of “navigate” is averb. “Agere” is the Latin actionword that means to drive or lead. So“navigate” originally meant to voyageover water in a boat or ship. The firstboats to navigate the waters used thewind and sails.

After the Greeks and Phoenicianscame more daring explorers whowanted to explore the waters andlands even further from home. Theydidn't know that Earth was round,but eventually Magellan andSebastian del Cano circumnavigatedthe globe. Such voyages took yearswithout ways to send messages home.

It is a wonder they found their wayto and around land masses.Sometimes they encountered stormyweather. One of these circulatingstorms is a cyclone. In the NorthernHemisphere the air circulates in acounterclockwise direction. In theSouthern Hemisphere the high windsblow in a clockwise direction.“Cyclone” was formed from theGreek verb kuklon, meaning torotate, and kyklos, another Greekword meaning circle.

Have you ever been in a vehiclethat has a navigation system? If youwant to find how to get to thenearest ice cream parlor, you have tostart with your location. Findingone's way across an ocean is verysimilar. A navigator usually attemptsto find the shortest route betweentwo points. Since the earth is not aflat surface, navigating the sphererequires establishing a fixed positionfrom which other measurements aredetermined.

Navigators have developed instru-ments that help them to measuredirection and distance and to deter-mine speed. One of the oldest instru-ments used aboard ships is themagnetic compass. For celestial navi-gation, navigators use a sextant tomeasure the distance between twoobjects. Large modern ships use agyroscope. Another instrument canhelp establish direction. It is calledthe azimuth circle. Another instru-ment known as the log is used todetermine the speed of a ship anddistance traveled through the water.

What were the circumstances thatencouraged explorers to circumnavi-gate the globe?

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Academic Content StandardsThis lesson addresses academic content standards of Maryland, Virginia and the District ofColumbia. Among those that apply are:

MarylandSocial StudiesSocial Studies Skills (1.0): Studentswill demonstrate an understandingof historical and current eventsusing chronological and spatialthinking, develop historicalinterpretations, and frame questionsthat include collecting andevaluating information fromprimary and secondary sources. Atthe end of grade 5, students knowand are able to: 1.1.5.3 find,interpret, and organize primary andsecondary sources of informationincluding pictures, graphics, maps,atlases, artifacts, timelines, politicalcartoons, videotapes, journals, andgovernment documents.

Geography (4.0): 4.1 Studentsdemonstrate understanding of thepurpose of and are able to use andconstruct maps, globes, and othergeographic tools to acquire, process,analyze, and report geographicinformation about people, placesand environments. At the end ofgrade 3, students know and are ableto: 4.1.3.4 explain why somelocations are better than others forspecific human activities.

MathematicsKnowledge of Measurement (3.0):Students will identify attributes,units, and systems of measurementsand apply a variety of techniques,formulas, tools and technology fordetermining measurements. By theend of grade 3, students know andare able to: 3.3.4 use length,capacity, weight, temperature, andtime to solve problems.

A complete list of Standards of Learning ofMaryland can be found on the Webat http://www.mdk12.org/mspp/standards/.

VirginiaHistory and Social ScienceGeography, Grade 3:3.5: Thestudent will distinguish betweenmeridians of longitude andparallels of latitude and use theequator and prime meridian toidentify the Northern, Southern,Eastern and Western hemispheres.

Virginia Studies, Grade 4:4.2: Thestudent will use the concepts ofabsolute location and relativelocation to locate and identify onmaps and globes his/her local cityor county, Virginia, the otheroriginal states, the United States,Western Europe and West Africa.

MathematicsComputation and Estimation,Grade 3: 3.8 The student will solveproblems involving the sum ordifference of two whole numbers,using various computationalmethods, including calculators,paper and pencil, mentalcomputation and estimation.

Measurement, Grade 3: 3.14 Thestudent will estimate and then useactual measuring devices withmetric and U.S. Customary units tomeasure length, liquid volume andweight/mass.

A complete list of Standards of Learning ofVirginia can be found on the Webat http://www.pen.k12.va.us/.

Washington, D.C.HistoryScientific, Technological andEconomic Change, ContentStandard 3: Students recognizescientific, technological andeconomic changes and understandhow they have affected societies,culture and politics throughouthistory. Grade 5: The studentidentifies inventions thatrevolutionized exploration.

MathematicsNumber & Operations, ContentStandard 1: The student interpretsmultiple uses and forms ofnumbers and how they relate toeach other. By the end of Grade 3,the student will describe and usethe relationships between additionand subtraction.

Measurement, Content Standard 5:The student selects and usesappropriate tools and units forsystems of measurement. Grade 4:The student uses basic ways ofestimating and measuring the sizeof figures and objects in the realworld, including length, width.

A complete list of Standards for Teaching andLearning of the District of Columbia PublicSchools can be found athttp://www.k12.dc.us/.

Documents

CURRICULUM GUIDE: CIRCUMNAVIGATIONanswer the questions. Tell students that while they are reading about one round- ... Teachers are provided teaching guides for science, geography,