CURRI CULUM FOR BACHELOR’S PROGRAMMEIN ZOOLOGY

ST. TERESA’ S COLLEGE ( AUTONOMOUS)

ERNAKULAM

CURRI CULUM FOR

BACHELOR’ S PROGRAMMEI N

ZOOLOGY

Under Choi ce Based Credit & Se mester Syste m

( 2014 Admi ssi ons Onwards)

( As prescri bed by Mahat ma Gandhi Uni versity, Kottayam)

B. Sc. Programme i n Zool ogy, St. Teresa’s College ( Aut ono mous), Ernakul am

Curri cul um and Syll abus, 2014 Ad mi ssi on

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CONTENTS

A. Model I B. Sc. Zoology Progra mme

COURSE STRUCTURE

Sche me of Exa mi nati on

Syll abus – (1) Zool ogy Core Courses 1-12

Theor y

Practical

(2) Zool ogy core choi ce based courses

(3) Zool ogy open courses for ot her strea ms

(4) B. Sc. Zool ogy Co mpl ement ary courses for Botany Model I



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B. Sc. ZOOLOGY PROGRAMME

PROGRAMME OBJECTI VES

The B. Sc. Zool ogy progra mme is desi gned t o hel p t he st udents t o:

1. I mpart basic knowl edge of vari ous branches of Zool ogy and General bi ol ogy

meant bot h for a graduat e ter mi nal course and for hi gher st udi es.

2. Incul cate int erest in and l ove of nat ure wit h its myriad livi ng creat ures.

3. Understand t he unit y of life wit h t he rich di versit y of organis ms and their

ecol ogi cal and evol uti onary si gnificance

4. Acquire basi c skills i n the observati on and st udy of nat ure, bi ol ogi cal

techni ques, experi mental skills and sci entific investi gati on

5. Acquire basi c knowl edge and skills i n certain applied branches t o enabl e the m

for self empl oyment

6. I mpart awareness of the conservati on of the biosphere.



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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES

The graduat e of this progra mme shoul d be able t o

1. Identify and list out common ani mals

2. Expl ai n vari ous physi ologi cal changes i n our bodi es

3. Anal yze t he i mpact of environment on our bodi es

4. Understand vari ous genetic abnor malities

5. Devel op respect for nature

6. Expl ai n t he rol e and i mpact of different environ ment al conservati on

pr ogra mmes

7. Identify ani mals benefici al t o humans

8. Identify vari ous pot ential risk fact ors to healt h of humans

9. Expl ai n t he i mportance of genetic engi neeri ng

10. Use t ools of infor mati on technol ogy for all activities related t o zool ogy

COMMENTS

1. These out comes do not nat urall y get transl ated int o specific courses

2. Desi gni ng courses t o meet these out comes is very difficult task and woul d

constitute si gnificant devi ati on from t he current text book based approaches.



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COURSE STRUCTURE

The U. G. progra mme i n Zool ogy must i ncl ude (a) Co mmon Courses, ( b) Core

Courses, (c) Co mpl eme nt ary Courses, ( d) Open Courses and (e) Project. No course

shall carry more t han 4 credits. The st udent shall sel ect any Choi ce Based Course

offered by t he Depart ment whi ch offers t he core courses, dependi ng on t he availabilit y

of t eachers and i nfrastruct ure facilities, i n t he instit uti on. Open course shall be offered

in any subj ect and t he st udent shall have t he opti on t o do courses offered by ot her

De part ments.

Investi gatory project, fiel d study/ (study tour) and group activity

A. St udy t our/ fiel d study, vi sit to research institute and vari ous places of zool ogi cal

I mportance

Fi el d st udy/st udy tours shoul d be conduct ed f or not l ess t han 6 days (co mpl et ed

duri ng t he entire progra mme), preferabl y spreadi ng t he st udy i n t he first t o si xt h

se mest ers. St udents are expect ed t o visit research i nstit utes and vari ous pl aces of

zool ogi cal i mportance.

B. Group Acti vity

St udents are expect ed t o do one gr oup activit y i n t he fift h se mester and sub mit t he

report i n t he si xt h semest er for ext ernal practical exa mi nati on, along wit h st udy t our

report.

A maxi mu m of t en st udents can choose any one gr oup activit y li ke aquari um

manage ment, ver mi composti ng, bee keepi ng, and conduct of zoologi cal exhi bitions,

desi gni ng of posters of zool ogi cal i mportance, surveys rel ated t o di sease out breaks,

co mmunit y healt h progra mmes or any matt er of zool ogi cal i nterest.

C. Project Work

Each st udent is expected t o co mpl ete 1 i nvestigat ory proj ect i n t he si xt h se mest er and

report shall be sub mitted f or t he ext ernal practical exa mi nati on. Project present ati on



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andVi va- Voce will be conduct ed by t he ext ernal exa mi ners al ong wi t h t he 6t h

se mest er

practical exa mi nati ons. The pr oj ects are t o be i dentified duri ng t he second se mest er of

the pr ogra mme wit h the hel p of t he supervisi ng t eacher, and t he wor k can be st art ed

latest by t he begi nni ng of t he 3r d

se mest er. The st udent has t o mai nt ai n a l og book

showi ng t he pr ogress of t he pr oj ect wor k, dul y si gned by t he supervisi ng t eacher, and

may be shown t o t he ext ernal exa mi ners on de mand.

For A, B and C- t otal 36 hours and t ot al 1 credit (18 hours i n 5th

se mest er and 18

hours in 6t h

se mest er).

Zero Credit Courses:

Zer o Credit courses shall be i ncl uded i n t he pr ogra mme t o encourage advanced

learners and shall be indi cated i n t he score sheet. Per mi ssi on f or obt ai ni ng Zer o credit

courses shall be i n accor dance wit h t he r ul es and regul ati ons of t he Coll ege. The Zer o

Cr edit courses shall be done onl y under the supervisi on of a Coll ege appr oved

per manent facult y member of the depart ment whi ch offers the core courses.

Exa mi nati ons

The eval uati on of each course shall cont ai n t wo parts:

(i) Internal or In- Se mester Assess ment (ISA)

(ii) Ext ernal or End- Se mester Assess ment ( ESA)

The i nt ernal t o ext ernal assess ment rati o shall be 1: 4, for bot h courses wit h or

wi t hout practical. There shall be a maxi mu m of 80 mar ks f or ext ernal eval uati on and

maxi mu m of 20 mar ks for i nt ernal eval uati on. For all courses (t heory & practical), grades

are gi ven on a 07- poi nt scal e based on t he t ot al percent age of mar ks. (ISA+ESA) as gi ven

bel ow

Percent age of

Marks

Grade Grade

Poi nt

90 and above A+ - Outstandi ng 10



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80- 89 A - Excellent 9

70- 79 B - Very Good 8

60- 69 C – Good 7

50- 59 D - Satisfact ory 6

40- 49 E - Adequat e 5

Bel ow 40 F – Fail ure 4

Not e: Deci mal are t o be rounded t o t he next whol e number

Credit Poi nt And Credit Poi nt Average

Credit Poi nt ( CP) of a course is calcul at ed usi ng the for mul a

CP = C x GP, where C = Credit; GP = Grade point

Cr edit Poi nt Average ( CPA) of a Se mester/ Progra mme is calcul ated usi ng the for mul a

CPA = TCP/ TC, where TCP = Tot al Credit Poi nt; TC = Tot al Credit

Gr ades f or t he different se mest ers and overall programme are gi ven based on t he

correspondi ng CPA as shown bel ow:

CPA Grade

Above 9 A+ - Out st andi ng

Above 8, but bel ow or equal t o 9 A - Excellent

Above 7, but bel ow or equal t o 8 B - Very Good

Above 6, but bel ow or equal t o 7 C - Good

Above 5, but bel ow or equal t o 6 D - Satisfact ory

Above 4, but bel ow or equal t o 5 E – Adequat e

4 or bel ow F – Fail ure

Not e: A separat e mi ni mu m of 30 % mar ks each for i nt ernal and ext ernal (for bot h t heor y and

practical) and aggregate mi ni mu m of 40 % are required f or a pass f or a course. For a pass i n a

pr ogra mme, a separat e mi ni mu m of Gr ade E i s r equired f or all t he i ndivi dual courses. If a

candi dat e secures F Gr ade f or any one of t he courses offered i n a Se mest er/ Progra mme onl y F

grade will be a war ded for t hat Se mest er/ Programme until he/she i mpr oves t his t o E grade or

above wit hi n t he per mitted peri od. Candi dat e who secures Egrade and above will be eli gi bl e

for hi gher st udies.



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Marks Di stri buti on For External Exa mi nati on And Internal Eval uati on

The ext ernal exa mi nati on of all se mesters shall be conduct ed by t he College at t he end of

each se mest er. I nt ernal eval uati on i s t o be done by conti nuous assess ment. Mar ks di stri buti on

for ext ernal and i nt ernal assess ments and t he components f or i nt ernal eval uati on wit h t heir

mar ks are shown bel ow:

Co mponents of t he i nternal eval uati on and t heir marks are as bel ow.

For all courses wit hout practical

a) Marks of external Exami nati on : 80

b) Marks of i nternal eval uati on : 20

All t he t hree co mponents of t he i nt ernal assessment are mandat ory. For co mmon

course English i n I Se mester, i nt ernal oral exa minati on shall be conducted i nst ead of

test paper.

Co mponents of Internal

Eval uati on Mar ks

At t endance 5

Assi gnment / Se mi nar/ Viva 5

Test paper(s) (1 or 2)

(1x10=10; 2x5=10) 10

Tot al 20

For all courses wit h practical

a) Marks of theory –External Exa mi nati on : 60

b) Marks of theory –Internal Eval uati on : 10

Co mponents of Theory –

Internal Eval uati on

Marks

Att endance 3

Assi gnment/ Se mi nar/ Vi va 2

Test paper(s) (1 or 2)

(1x5=5; 2x2. 5=5)

5

Tot al 10



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c) Mar ks of Practical –Ext ernal Exa mi nati on: 40

(onl y i n even se mesters)

d) Mar ks of Practical- Internal Eval uati on: 20

(odd and even se mesters combi ned annuall y)

Co mponents of Practical-

Internal eval uati on

Marks

Att endance 4

Recor d* 10

Lab i nvol ve ment 6

Tot al 20

* Marks awarded for Record shoul d be rel ated to number of experi ments

recorded.

Project Eval uati on: ( Max. marks100)

Co mponents of Proj ect- Eval uati on Mar ks

Internal Eval uati on 20

Di ssertati on ( Ext ernal) 50

Vi va- Voce ( Ext ernal) 30

Tot al 100

Attendance Eval uati on

1) For all courses wit hout practical

% of attendance Mar ks

90 and above 5

85 – 89 4

80- 84 3

76- 79 2

75 1

( Deci mals are t o be rounded t o t he next hi gher whol e number)



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2) For all courses wit h practical

% of

Attendance

Marks

for

theory

% of Attendance Marks for

practical

90 and above 3 90 and above 4

80--89 2 85 —89 3

75--79 1 80 —84 2

75 —79 1

( Deci mals are t o be rounded t o t he next hi gher whol e number)

Assi gnments

Assi gnments are t o be done from 1st

to 4t h

Se mesters. At least one assi gnment shoul d be done

in each se mest er.

Se mi nar/ Vi va

A st udent shall present a se mi nar i n t he 5t h

se mester and appear for Vi va-voce i n t he 6t h

se mest er.

Internal Assess ment Test Papers

At l east one i nt ernal t est-paper i s t o be attended i n each se mest er f or each course. The

eval uati ons of all components are t o be published and are t o be acknowl edged by t he

candi dat es. All docu ments of i nt ernal assess ments are t o be kept i n t he college f or t wo years

and shall be made availabl e f or verificati on duri ng t his peri od. The r esponsi bilit y of

eval uati ng t he internal assess ment is vested on t he teacher(s), who teach t he course.

Gri evance Redressal Mechanis m

Internal assess ment shall not be used as a t ool f or personal or ot her t ype of vengeance. A

st udent has all ri ghts t o know, how t he t eacher arrived at t he mar ks. I n or der t o address t he

grievance of st udents a t wo-l evel Gri evance Redressal mechanis m i s envisaged. A st udent

can approach t he upper level onl y if grievance is not addressed at the l ower level.

Level 1: Dept. Level: The depart ment cell chaired by t he Head; and Dept. coor di nat or and

teacher i n-charge, as members.



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Level 2: College level: A committee wit h t he Pri nci pal as Chair man, Dept. Coor di nat or,

HOD of concerned Depart ment and a seni or teacher nomi nat ed by t he College council as

me mbers.

The college council shall no mi nat e a seni or t eacher as coor di nat or of i nt ernal eval uati ons. Thi s

coor di nat or shall make arrange ments f or gi ving a wareness of t he int ernal eval uati on

components t o st udents immedi at el y after commence ment of I se mester.

The i nt ernal eval uati on report i n t he prescri bed for mat shoul d reach t he COE bef ore t he 4t h

week of Oct ober and March in every acade mi c year.

External exa mi nati ons

The external exa mi nati on of all se mest ers shall be conduct ed by t he College at the end of

each se mest er.

St udents havi ng a mi ni mu m of 75 % average attendance f or all t he courses onl y can regist er

for t he exa mi nati on. Condonati on of shortage of attendance t o a maxi mum of 10 days or 50

hours i n a se mest er subj ect t o a maxi mu m of 2 ti mes duri ng t he whol e peri od of t he

pr ogra mme may be granted by t he College on valid gr ounds. Thi s condonati on shall not be

count ed for i nternal assess ment.

Benefit of attendance may be grant ed t o st udents attendi ng College uni on/ Co-curricul ar

acti vities by treati ng the m as present f or the days of absence, on pr oducti on of

partici pati on/ attendance certificates, wit hi n one week, from co mpet ent aut horities and

endorsed by t he Head of t he i nstit ution. Thi s i s li mited t o a maxi mu m of 10 days per

se mest er and t his benefit shall be consi dered for i nternal assess ment also.

Those st udents who are not eli gi bl e even wit h condonati on of shortage of attendance shall

repeat t he course al ong with the next bat ch.

Al l st udents are t o do a project. Thi s pr oj ect can be done i ndi vi duall y or as a gr oup of 3

st udents. The pr oj ects are t o be i dentified duri ng t he II se mest er of t he progra mme wit h t he

hel p of t he supervisi ng t eacher. The report of t he pr oj ect i n duplicat e i s t o be sub mitted t o t he



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depart ment at t he si xt h se mest er and are t o be produced before t he exa mi ners appoi nt ed by

the College.

There will be no suppl ement ary exa ms. For reappearance/ i mpr ove ment , t he st udents can

appear al ong wit h the next bat ch.

A st udent who registers hi s/ her na me f or t he ext ernal exa m f or a se mest er will be eli gi bl e

for promoti on t o t he next se mest er.

A st udent who has co mpleted t he entire curricul um r equire ment, but could not register f or

the Se mest er exa mi nati on can register noti onall y, f or getti ng eli gi bility f or promoti on t o t he

next se mest er.

A candi dat e who has not secured mi ni mu m mar ks/credits i n i nt ernal exami nati ons can re-do

the sa me registeri ng along wit h t he end se mester exa mi nati on f or the sa me se mest er,

subsequentl y.

All progra mmes and courses shall have uni que al phanumeri c code. Each t eacher wor ki ng i n affiliated

instituti ons shall have a unique i dentificati on nu mber and t his nu mber i s t o be attached wit h t he codes

of t he courses for whi ch he/she can perfor m exa mi nati on dut y.

PATTERNS OF QUESTI ONS

Questi ons shall be set t o assess knowl edge acquired, st andard applicati on of

knowl edge, application of knowl edge i n ne w sit uations, critical eval uati on of knowl edge and

the abilit y t o synt hesi ze knowl edge. The questi on setter shall ensure t hat questi ons coveri ng

all skills are set. He/ She shall also sub mit a detailed sche me of eval uation al ong wit h t he

questi on paper.

A questi on paper shall be a j udi ci ous mi x of objecti ve t ype, short ans wer t ype, short

essay t ype / probl e m sol ving t ype and l ong essay t ype questi ons.



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Pattern of questi ons for external exa mi nati on for theory paper wit hout practical.

TOTAL

Tot al no. of

questi ons

Nu mber of

questi ons to be

ans wered

Mar ks of

each

questi on

Tot al

mar ks

10 10 1 10

12 8 2 16

9 6 4 24

4 2 15 30

35 26 x 80

Pattern of questi ons for external exa mi nati on for theory papers wit h practical

TOTAL

Tot al no.

of

questi ons

Nu mber of

questi ons

to be

ans wered

Mar ks of

each

questi on

Tot al

mar ks

8 8 1 8

10 6 2 12

6 4 4 16

4 2 12 24

28 20 x 60



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Det ails of Courses offered by the Zool ogy Depart ment

No. Course Subject

Code Ti tle of paper

Course details

( Core/ Co mpl e/

Co mmon/

Language SEMESTER I

1 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO1 GMPS

General Met hodol ogy And

Perspecti ves In Sci ence

Core t heory

2 *Zool ogy

Practical ZOO2 BMI( P)

Bi odi versit y , Modern Syste matics,


Instrument ati on

Core Practical

3 Co mpl e ment ary

Zool ogy ZOO1 ADNC Ani mal Di versit y – Non Chor dat a

Co mpl e ment ary

theory (for

Bot any/ Fa mil y

and Co mmunit y

Sci ence )

4 *Zool ogy

Practical ZOO2 AD( P) Ani mal Di versit y

Co mpl e ment ary

practical (for

Bot any/ Fa mil y

and Co mmunit y

Sci ence )

*Practical exa ms onl y i n even se mesters

SEMESTER II

1 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO2 BMS

Bi odi versit y And Modern Syst e matics Core Theory

2 Zool ogy

Practical ZOO2 BMI( P)

Bi odi versit y , Modern Syste matics,


Instrument ati on Core Practical

3 Co mpl e ment ary

Zool ogy ZOO2 ADC Ani mal Di versit y- Chor dat a

Co mpl e ment ary

theory (for

Bot any/ Fa mil y

and Co mmunit y

Sci ence )

4 Zool ogy

Practical ZOO2 AD( P) Ani mal Di versit y

Co mpl e ment ary

practical (for

Bot any/ Fa mil y

and Co mmunit y

Sci ence )

SEMESTER III

1 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO3 ADN Ani mal Di versit y- Non Chor dat a

Core Theory

2 *Zool ogy ZOO4 AD( P) Ani mal Di versit y – Non – Chor dat a Core Practical



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Practical & Chor data

3 Co mpl e ment ary

Zool ogy ZOO3 HPI Hu man Physi ol ogy and Immunol ogy

Co mpl e ment ary

theory (for

Bot any/ Fa mil y

and Co mmunit y

Sci ence )

4 *Zool ogy

Practical ZOO4 HI AZ( P)

Hu man Physi ol ogy, I mmunol ogy &

Applied Zool ogy

Co mpl e ment ary

practical (for

Bot any/ Fa mil y

and Co mmunit y

Sci ence )

*Practical exa ms onl y i n even se mesters SEMESTER I V

1 Zool ogy core

theory

ZOO4 ADC Ani mal Di versit y – Chordat a Core Theory

2 Zool ogy

Practical ZOO4 AD( P)

Ani mal Di versit y – Non – Chor dat a

& Chor data Core Practical

3 Co mpl e ment ary

Zool ogy ZOO4 AZ Applied Zool ogy

Co mpl e ment ary

theory (for

Bot any/ Fa mil y

and Co mmunit y

Sci ence )

4 Zool ogy

Practical ZOO4 HI AZ( P)


Applied Zool ogy

Co mpl e ment ary

practical (for

Bot any/ Fa mil y

and Co mmunit y

Sci ence )

SEMESTER V

1 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO5 HNCS

Hu man Genetics, Nutrition,

Co mmunit y Healt h, Sanitati on. Open Course

2 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO5 CM Cell Bi ol ogy and Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy Core Theory

3 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO5ETD

Environment al Bi ol ogy, Toxi col ogy

And Di sast er Manage ment Core Theory

4 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO5EZE

Evol uti on, Zoogeography And

Et hol ogy Core Theory

5 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO5 BHP

Bi oche mi stry, Hu man Physi ol ogy

and Endocri nol ogy Core Theory

6 *Zool ogy

Practical ZOO6 BHRD( P)


and Endocri nol ogy, Reproducti ve

and Devel opment al Bi ology

Core Practical

7 *Zool ogy

Practical ZOO6EDEZ( P)


and Di saster Manage ment,

Evol uti on, Zoogeography and

Et hol ogy

Core Practical

8 *Zool ogy

Practical ZOO6 CMGB( P)

Cell bi ol ogy, Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy,

Genetics and Bi otechnology Core Practical

9 *Zool ogy ZOO6 MGBB( P) Mi cr obi ol ogy, General Inf or matics, Core Practical



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Practical Bi o i nfor matics and Bi ostatistics

*Practical exa ms onl y i n even se mesters SEMESTER VI

1 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO6 RDB

Repr oducti ve and Devel op ment al

Bi ol ogy Core Theory

2 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO6 GBT

Genetics and Bi otechnology

Core Theory

3 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO6 MBI Mi cr obi ol ogy and I mmunol ogy Core Theory

4 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO6 GBB

General Infor matics, Bi ostatistics

and Bi ostatistics Core Theory

5 Zool ogy core

theory ZOO6 NCHS

Nutriti on, Co mmunit y healt h and

Sanitati on El ecti ve

6 Zool ogy

Practical ZOO6 BHRD( P)


and Endocri nol ogy, Reproducti ve

and Devel opment al Bi ology

Core Practical

7 Zool ogy

Practical ZOO6EDEZ( P)


and Di saster Manage ment,

Evol uti on, Zoogeography and

Et hol ogy

Core Practical

8 Zool ogy

Practical ZOO6 CMGB( P)

Cell bi ol ogy, Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy,

Genetics and Bi otechnology Core Practical

9 Zool ogy

Practical ZOO6 MGBB( P)

Mi cr obi ol ogy, General Inf or matics,

Bi o i nfor matics and Bi ostatistics Core Practical

10 Pr oj ect/

Di ssertati on ZOO6 ( PD) - Pr oj ect



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B. Sc. DEGREE I N ZOOLOGY PROGRAMME

COURSE STRUCTURE

SCHE ME OF I NSTRUCTI ONAL HOURS AND CREDI TS

( TOTAL CREDI TS 120)

Se mester I Total Credits 20

No Course Title Hrs/

We e k

Credits

1 Co mmon Course Engl ish - 1 5 4

2 Co mmon Course English - 2 4 3

3 Co mmon Course III Second Language - 1 4 4

4 Core Course I General Met hodol ogy and Perspecti ves in

Sci ence

2 2

5 Core Course I Practical General Met hodol ogy and

Instrument ati on

2 1

6 1st

Co mpl e ment ary Course Che mi stry I/ Bi oche mi stry I 2 2

7 1st

Co mpl e ment ary Course Che mi stry Practicals I 2 1

8 2nd

Co mpl e ment ary Course Bot any I 2 2

9 2nd

Co mpl e ment ary Course Bot any Practicals I 2 1

Tot al 25 hrs 20

Se mester 2 Tot al Credits 20


We e k

Credits

1 Co mmon Course I V English 3 5 4

2 Co mmon Course V English 4 4 3

3 Co mmon Course VI Second Language -2 4 4

4 Core Course II Bi odi versit y and Modern Systemati cs 2 2

5 Core Course II Practical Bi odi versit y and Modern Syste matics 2 1

6 1st

Co mpl e ment ary Course Che mi stry II/ Bi oche mi stry II 2 2

7 1st

Co mpl e ment ary Course Practicals II 2 1

8 2nd

Co mpl e ment ary Course Bot any II 2 2

9 2nd

Co mpl e ment ary Course Practicals II 2 1

Tot al 25 hrs 20



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Se mester 3 Total Credits 20


We e k

Credits

1 Co mmon Course VII English 5 5 4

2 Co mmon Course VIII Second Language 3 5 4

3 Core Course III Ani mal Di versit y - Non Chordat a 3 3

4 Core Course III Practical Ani mal Di versit y - Non Chor dat a 2 1

5 1st

Co mpl e ment ary Course III Che mi stry III/Bi oche mi stry III 3 3

6 1st

Co mpl e ment ary Course III Practicals III 2 1

7 2nd

Co mpl e ment ary Course III Bot any III 3 3

8 2nd

Co mpl e ment ary Course III Practicals III 2 1

Tot al 25 hrs 20



We e k

Credits

1 Co mmon Course I X English -6 5 4

2 Co mmon Course X Second language 4 5 4

3 Core Course I V Ani mal Di versit y –Chor dat a 3 3

4 Core Course I V Practical Ani mal Di versit y –Chor dat a 2 1

5 1st

Co mpl e ment ary Course I V Che mi stry I V/Bi oche mi stry I V 3 3

6 1st

Co mpl e ment ary Course I V Che m. Practicals. 2 1

7 2nd

Co mpl e ment ary Course I V Bot any I V 3 3

8 2nd

Co mpl e ment ary Course I V Bot any Practicals. 2 1

Tot al 25 hrs 20



We e k

Credits

1 Core Course V Cell Biol ogy and Mol ecul ar Biol ogy 3 3

2 Core Course VI Environment al Bi ol ogy, Toxi col ogy and

Di sast er manage ment

3 3

3 Core Course VII Evoluti on, Zoogeography and Et hol ogy 3 3



19

4 Core Course VIII Bi oche mi stry, Hu man Physiol ogy and

Endocri nol ogy

3 3

5 Core Course Practicals ( Core V, VI, VII &VIII) 8 4

6 Core Course Fi el d St udy , St udy t our and Gr oup acti vit y

( Credit 1 in 6t h

se mest er wit h i nvesti gat ory project and visit to

research i nstit utes.)

1

7 Open Course (For ot her strea ms)/

El ecti ve 1 – Man, Nature and Sustai nabl e Devel opment

El ecti ve 2 – Hu man Genetics, Nutriti on, Co mmunit y healt h

and Sanitati on

El ecti ve 3 – Vocati onal zool ogy El ecti ve 4 Food

Mi cr obi ol ogyEl ecti ve- 5 Ecot ouris m

4

3

Tot al 25 hrs 20



We e k

Credits

1 Core Course I X Reproducti ve and Devel opment al Bi ol ogy 3 3

2 Core Course X Genetics and Bi ot echnol ogy 3 3

3 Core Course XI Mi crobi ol ogy and I mmunology 3 3

4 Core Course XII – General i nfor matics, Bi oi nfor matics and

Bi ost atistics

3 3

6 Core Course Choi ce based ( El ecti ves)

El ecti ve I - Ecot ouris m

El ecti ve 2 - Nutriti on, Co mmunit y Healt h, and

Sanitati on

El ecti ve 3 Econo mi c Zool ogy

4

3

7 Core Course Practicals (I X, X, XI & XII) 8 4

8 Pr oj ect wor k & Fi el d Visit/ St udy Tour, Visit to research

instit utes , Group acti vity

1 2

Tot al 25 hrs 20



20

B. Sc. ZOOLOGY PROGRAMME

CORE COURSES

SCHE ME OF DI STRI BUTI ON OF I NSTRUCTI ONAL HOURS

Na me of se mester Theory Practi cal

First se mest er 2 2

Second se mest er 2 2

Third se mest er 3 2

Fourt h se mest er 3 2

Fift h se mest er 16 8

Fi el d St udy and Gr oup acti vit y 1

Si xt h se mest er 16 8

Pr oj ect wor k ( i n 6t h

se mest er), Vi sit t o

research i nstit utes

1

RECORDS

1. General Met hodol ogy and Instrument ati on

2. Bi odi versit y and Modern Syste matics

3. Ani mal Di versit y - Non- Chor dat a

4. Ani mal Di versit y - Chor dat a

5. Cell Bi ol ogy and Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy

6. Environment al Bi ol ogy, Toxi col ogy and Disaster Manage ment

7. Evol uti on, Zoogeography and Et hol ogy

8. Bi oche mi stry, Physi ology and Endocri nol ogy

9. Repr oducti ve and Development al Bi ol ogy

10. Genetics and Bi ot echnol ogy

11. Mi cr obi ol ogy and I mmunol ogy

12. General Infor matics, Bi oi nfor matics and Bi ostatistics

Each Record will be havi ng ext ernal and i nt ernal eval uati on. A t ot al of one credit

is allotted for each record and t he respecti ve practical.



21

CORE COURSES

SCHE ME OF DI STRI BUTI ON OF HOURS AND CREDI T

Na me of

se mester

Code Na me of core course Hrs Inst

Hrs/ we

ek

Credit

1 ZOO1 GMPS General Met hodol ogy and

Perspecti ves i n science

36 2 2

1 ZOO2 BMI [ P] Bi odi versit y , Modern Syste matics,


Instrument ati on

36 2 1

2 ZOO2 BMS Bi odi versit y & Moder n syst e matics 36 2 2

2 ZOO2 BMI[ P] Bi odi versit y , Modern Syste matics,


Instrument ati on

36 2 1

3 ZOO3 ADN Ani mal Di versit y- Non Chor dat a 54 3 3

3 ZOO4 AD( P) Ani mal Di versit y – Non -

Chor dat a &Chor data

36 2 1

4 ZOO4 ADC Ani mal Di versit y – Chordat a 54 3 3

4 ZOO4 AD( P) Ani mal Di versit y – Non -

Chor dat a &Chor data

36 2 1

5 ZOO5 CM Cell Bi ol ogy and Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy 54 3 3

5 ZOO5ETD


And Di sast er Manage ment

54 3 3

5 ZOO5EZE Evol uti on, Zoogeography And

Et hol ogy

54 3 3

5 ZOO5 BHP Bi oche mi stry, Hu man Physi ol ogy&

Endocri nol ogy

54 3 3

5 ZOO6 BHRD( P) Bi oche mi stry, Hu man Physi ol ogy and

Endocri nol ogy, Repr oducti ve and

Devel opment al Bi ol ogy

36 2 1

5 ZOO6EDEZ( P) Environment al Bi ol ogy, Toxi col ogy

and Di saster Manage ment, Evol uti on,

Zoogeography and Et hology

36 2 1

5 ZOO6 CMGB( P) Cell bi ol ogy, Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy,


36 2 1

5 ZOO6 MGBB( P) Mi cr obi ol ogy, General Inf or matics,

Bi o i nfor matics and Bi ostatistics

36 2 1

6 ZOO6 RDB Repr oducti ve and Devel op ment al

Bi ol ogy

54 3 3

6 ZOO6 GBT Genetics and Bi otechnology

54 3 3



22

6 ZOO6 MBI Mi cr obi ol ogy and I mmunol ogy 54 3 3

6 ZOO6 GBB General Infor matics, Bi ostatistics and

Bi ost atistics

54 3 3

6 ZOO6 BHRD( P) Bi oche mi stry, Hu man Physi ol ogy and

Endocri nol ogy, Repr oducti ve and

Devel opment al Bi ol ogy

36 2 1

6 ZOO6EDEZ( P) Environment al Bi ol ogy, Toxi col ogy

and Di saster Manage ment, Evol uti on,

Zoogeography and Et hology

36 2 1

6 ZOO6 CMGB( P) Cell bi ol ogy, Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy,


36 2 1

6 ZOO6 MGBB( P) Mi cr obi ol ogy, General Inf or matics,

Bi o i nfor matics and Bi ostatistics

36 2 1

CORE CHOI CE BASED COURSE (6t h

SEMESTER) - Core Course Electi ves

The st udents of Zool ogy Progra mme of each college can select any of t he three in consultati on wit h

the Facult y of t he Department .

6 Ecot ouris m 72 4 3

6 ZOO6 NCHS Nutriti on, Co mmunit y healt h and

Sanitati on 72 4 3

6 Econo mi c Zool ogy 72 4 3

Project

6 ZOO6PRV

Pr oj ect and Vi va (6t h Semest er )

Vi sit to research i nstitutes (6t h

Se mest er) St udy t our/ Fiel d st udy ,

Gr oup acti vity (5t h Se mester)

18

18

1

1

2

St udents are free t o choose any Research Topi c rel ated wit h courses of Zool ogy

progra mme f or t hei r investi gatory project work i n consultati on with t hei r supervi si ng

teacher.

OPEN COURSES FOR OTHER STREAMS

Vt h

se mest er

( Zool ogy Depart ment can offer any one of t he five open courses )

5 Ma n , Nat ure and Sust ainabl e

Devel opment

72 4 4

5 ZOO5 HNCS

Hu man Genetics, Nutrition,

Co mmunit y Healt h, Sanitati on.

72 4 3

5 Vocati onal Zool ogy 72 4 4

5 Food Mi crobi ol ogy 72 4 4

5 Ecot ouris m 72 4 4



23

COMPLE MENTARY ZOOLOGY COURSES FOR BSc. BOTANY (MODEL I) / HOME

SCI ENCE / BI OLOGI CAL TECHNI QUES AND SPECI MEN PREPARATI ON

Se mest er 1 ZOO1 ADNC

ZOO2 AD( P)

Ani mal Di versit y – Non Chor dat a

Ani mal Di versit y – Non Chor dat a &

Chor dat a (Practical)

36

36

2

2

2

1

Se mest er 2 ZOO2 ADC

ZOO2 AD( P)

Ani mal Di versit y- Chor dat a

Ani mal Di versit y – Non Chor dat a &

Chor dat a (Practical)

36

36

2

2

2

1

Se mest er 3 ZOO3 HPI

ZOO4 HI AZ ( P)

Hu man Physi ol ogy and Immunol ogy


Applied Zool ogy (Practical)

54

36

3

2

3

1

Se mest er 4 ZOO4 AZ

ZOO4 HI AZ( P)

Applied Zool ogy


Applied Zool ogy (Practical)

54

36

3

2

3

1



24

B. Sc ZOOLOGY PROGRAMME

MODEL - I



25

SEMESTER I

ZOO1 GMPS - CORE COURSE 01

GENERAL METHODOLOGY AND PERSPECTI VES I N SCI ENCE

36 hrs

Credits 2

Obj ecti ves

To make aware of t he basic phil osophy of science, its hist ory, concepts and scope

To devel op proper scientific mi nd, cult ure and work habits

To fa miliarize wit h t he basic t ools and techni ques of scientific st udy wit h emphasis on

bi ol ogi cal sciences

Pre-requi site:

Basi c knowl edge on various sciences and defi nitions of scientific ter ms

An a wareness on rol e of research i n science

PART – I: BI OLOGY - THE LI FE SCI ENCE 25 Hrs

Mo dul e I. Sci ence and Sci entific St udi es (4 hrs)

Types of knowl edge: practical, theoretical, and scientific knowl edge. Informati on.

What is science; what is not science; laws of science.

Basis for scientific laws and fact ual trut hs.

Sci ence as a human acti vity, scientific temper, empiricis m.

Vocabul ary of science, sci ence disci pli nes.

Revol uti ons in Sci ence and Technol ogy

Core Readi ngs

Bo wl er Pet er J. and I wan Rhys Mor us. 2005 Maki ng Modern Sci ence: A Hi st orical Survey.

Uni versit y of Chi cago Press, Chi cago, I L:

Er nst Mayr 1982. The Growt h of Bi ol ogi cal Thought: Di versity, Evol uti on and Inherit ance.

Published by Harvard Universit y Press.

Er vi n Schrodi nger 1944. What is life? Mi nd and Matt er. Ca mbri dge Uni versit y Press.

Jacques Monod 1971. Chance and Necessity: An Essay on t he Nat ural Phil osophy of Modern

Bi ol ogy. Vi nt age Pub. NY

Kuhn, Tho mas. 1996 The Struct ure of Sci entific Revol uti ons 3r d ed.: Uni versit y of Chi cago

Press, Chi cago, I L



26

Tayl or, Green, St out (2008) Bi ol ogi cal Sci ence, Ca mbri dge Uni versit y, Press, p 951.

Tho mas, A. P. ( Edit or) 2009. Bi ol ogy – Perspectives and Met hods. Gr een Leaf Publishers,

Kott aya m.

Mo dul e II. What is Biol ogy? (4 hrs)

Life and its manifestati ons.

Hi st ory of Bi ol ogy

Bi ol ogy i n anci ent ti mes

Land mar ks in t he progress of Bi ol ogy

Br anches of Bi ol ogy

Core Readi ngs

Bo wl er Pet er J. and I wan Rhys Mor us. 2005 Maki ng Modern Sci ence: A Hi st orical Survey.


Er nst Mayr 1982. The Gr owt h of Bi ol ogi cal Thought: Di versity, Evol ution and I nherit ance.


Er nst Myer. 1997. This is Bi ol ogy: The Sci ence of t he li vi ng World. Uni versit y Press,

Hyderabad, India

Er nst Myer. 1997. This is Bi ol ogy: The Sci ence of t he li vi ng World. Uni versit y Press,

Hyderabad, India

Kuhn, Tho mas. 1996 The Struct ure of Sci entific Revol uti ons 3r d ed.: Uni versit y of Chi cago

Press, Chi cago, I L

Tho mas, A. P. ( Edit or) 2009. Bi ol ogy – Perspecti ves and Met hods. Gr een Leaf

Publicati ons, Kottaya m.

Mo dul e III. Tools and Techni ques i n Bi ol ogy (12 hrs)

Sci entific drawi ng -Purpose and pri nci pl e

Basi c understandi ng on princi pl e and uses of t he foll owi ng:

Mi cr oscopy (a) Li ght mi croscopy,

Bri ght fi el d ( Co mpound Mi cr oscope), Phase contrast, Dar k fi el d mi croscopy, Fl uorescence,

Pol orizati on mi croscopy, Vi deo mi croscopy.

(b) El ectron - Scanni ng ( SEM), Trans mi ssi on (TE M) and STEM

Mi cr ometry – St age and Eyepi ece mi cromet ers

Ca mera Luci da

Instrument ati on



27

- pH Met er

Separati on Techni ques

- Centrifuge

- Chr omat ography

- El ectrophoresis

Anal ytical techni ques

- Col ori met er

- Spectrophot omet er

- X-ray crystallography

Core readi ngs

Aggar wal S. K, 2009 Foundati on Course in Bi ol ogy Ane‘s St udents Editi on P- 79-93.

El don D. Enger, Frederick C. Ross and Davi d Bailey 2008( El event h Editi on) Concepts i n

Bi ol ogy. Tat a – Mc Gr a w Hi ll, Ne w Del hi

Tayl or, Green, St out (2008) Bi ol ogi cal Sci ence, Ca mbri dge Uni versit y, Press, p 161-163

Wi l son & Wal kar 2008 Pri nci pl es and Techni ques of Bi oche mi stry and Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy

Ca mbri dge Uni versit y Press. Chapt ers 9, 10, 11, 15.

Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Kerala St udy Mat erial 2002 – Cell Bi ol ogy, Genetics & Bi ot echnol ogy.

Chapt er- 2 Tools and Techni ques.

Mo dul e I V. Ani mal Col lecti on techni ques (5 hrs)

- Collecti on met hods, techni ques and equi pments

Pl ankt on

Insects

Fi sh

Bi rd

- Preservati on techni ques – Taxi der my

- Reari ng techni ques

Laborat ory and fiel d.

Core Readi ngs

Ki llick, H. J. 1971. Begi nni ng ecol ogy. Ibadan Universit y Press.

Tho mas, A. P. ( Edit or) 2009. Bi ol ogy – Perspectives and Met hods. Gr een Leaf Pubslishers,

Kott aya m.



28

PART II: BI OLOGY AND RESEARCH (11 hrs)

Mo dul e V. Bi oet hi cs (5 hrs)

Introducti on

Ani mal ri ghts and ani mal laws i n Indi a.

Preventi on of cruelt y t o ani mals Act 1960

Wi l dlife prot ecti on act 1972 and Amend ment s

Bi odi versit y Act 2003.

Concept of 3 R – conservati on ( Refi ned- t o mi ni mi ze sufferi ng, Reduced – t o mi ni mi ze

ani mals, Repl aced – modern tools and alternat e means )

Ani mal use in research and educati on.

Laborat ory ani mal use, care and welfare

Ani mal prot ecti on i nitiatives

Ani mal Welfare, Ani mal Wel fare Board, Indi a CPCSEA

Wor ki ng wit h Hu mans, har m, risk, and benefits. Consent.

Speci al Cases: Chil dren and Vul nerabl e peopl e, Equalit y, Anony mit y, Confi dentialit y,

Infor mati on St orage and disse mi nati on

Hu man Ri ghts Act-1995, 1998.

Ri ght t o i nfor mati on- 2005.

Core Readi ngs

Debbi es Hol mes, Pet er Moody and Di ana Di ne 2006 Research met hods f or t he Bi osci ences.

Internati onal st udent Edition: Oxf ord Uni versit y Press. P. 288-299.

Mari e, M. 2005. Ani mal Bi oet hi cs: Pri nci pl es and Teachi ng Met hods Wa geni ngen Acade mi c

Publishers

Mo dul e VI. Research Met hodol ogy (5 hrs)

Sci entific met hod

Research Proj ects- St eps and process. Types.

Research Co mmuni cati on

Research report writi ng (Struct ure of a scientific paper)

Present ation techni ques

Pr oj ect proposal writi ng

Assi gnment, se mi nar, debat e, wor kshop, coll oquiu m, Conference

( Brief descri pti on and maj or differences)

http://www.flipkart.com/m-marie/



29

CORE Readi ngs

Anderson, J, Durst on, B. H. and Pool e, M. 1992. Thesis and assi gnment writi ng. Wi l ey

East ern Lt d.


Internati onal st udent Edition: Oxf ord Uni versit y Press. Chapt ers. 1-8.

Ha wki ns C. and Sor gi, M. 1987. Research: How t o pl an, speak and wr ite about it. Nar osa

Publishi ng House.

Ruxt on, G. D. and Col egrave, N. 2006. Experiment al desi gn f or t he life sci ences. Oxf or d

Uni versit y Press. Chapt ers 1-6.

Mo dul e VII. Units of measure ments (1 hr)

Cal cul ati ons and related conversi ons of each:

- Metric syste m- lengt h; surface; wei ght

- Square measures

- Cubi c measures (vol umetric)

- Circul ar or angul ar measure

- Concentrations- percent vol ume; ppt; ppm

- Che mi cal – mol arit y, nor mality

- Te mperat ure- Celsi us, centi grade, Fahrenheit

Core readi ngs

D. K. Illustrated Oxf ord Di cti onary. 2006 Chapt er on Measure ments p-968.

Knut Schi mi dt – Ni elsen 2007 Ani mal Physi ol ogy, 5t h

Editi on, Appendi x -A

Tayl or D. J. Green N. P.O, St out G. W. Edit or R. S. Oper, 2008 Bi ol ogi cal sci ence ( Third

editi on Ca mbri dge Uni versit y press. P-960

Sel ected Furt her Readings

Aggar wal. S. K. 2009 Foundati on Course i n Bi ol ogy, 2nd

Ed.. Ane‘s St udent Editi on. Ane

Books Pvt. Lt d.

Anderson, J, Durst on, B. H. and Pool e, M. 1992. Thesis and assi gnment writi ng. Wi l ey

East ern Lt d.

Bo wl er Pet er J., and I wan Rhys Mor us. 2005 Maki ng Modern Sci ence: A Hi st orical Survey.


Day, R. A. 1993. Ho w t o write and publish a scientific paper. Ca mbri dge Uni versit y Press.

( Modul e VI)



30

Day, R. A. 2000. Scientific English: A guide f or Sci entists and ot her Pr ofessi onals.

Uni versities Press. ( Modul e VI)


Internati onal st udent Edition : Oxf ord Uni versit y Press .

El don D. Enger , Frederick C. Ross and Davi d Bailey 2008 ( El event h Editi on) Concept s i n

Bi ol ogy . Tat a- Mc Gr a w Hi ll , Ne w Del hi.( Module VII, II & III)

Er nst Mayr 1982. The Gr owt h of Bi ol ogi cal Thought: Di versity, Evol ution, and I nherit ance.


Er nst Myer . 1997. This i s Bi ol ogy: The Sci ence of t he Li vi ng Worl d. Uni versities Press,

Hyderabad, India

Er vi n Schrodi nger 1944. What is life? Mi nd and Matt er. Ca mbri dge Uni versit y Press

Gupt a K. C, Bha mr ah, H. S and G. S. Sandhu 2006.Research Techni ques i n Bi ol ogi cal Sci ences.

Do mi nant Publishers and Distribut ors, Ne w Del hi.

Ha wki ns C. and Sor gi, M. 1987. Research: How t o pl an, speak and wr ite about it. Nar osa

Publishi ng House.

Jacques Monod 1971. Chance and Necessity: An Essay on t he Nat ural Phil osophy of Modern

Bi ol ogy. Vi ntage Pub. NY

Kuhn, Tho mas. 1996 The Struct ure of Sci entific Revol uti ons. 3rd ed.: Uni versit y of Chi cago

Press, Chi cago, I LMari e, M. 2005. Ani mal Bi oet hi cs: Pri nci pl es and Teachi ng Met hods

Wa geni ngen Acade mi c Publishers

Mi chael Roberts, Ti m King and Mi chael Reiss.1994. Practical Bi ol ogy for Advance Level.

Tho mas Nelson and Sons Lt d. Surrey, UK.

Ruxt on, G. D. and Col egrave, N. 2006. Experi nment al desi gn f or t he life sci ences. Oxf or d

Uni versit y Press.

Sat eesh, M. K. 2008 Bi oet hi cs and Bi osafet y; I . K. I nt ernati onal Publishing House ( Modul e

V)

Tayl or D. J. Gr een N. P. O, St out G. W. Edit or R. S. Oper, 2008 Bi ol ogi cal sci ence ( Third editi on

Ca mbri dge Uni versit y press

http://www.flipkart.com/m-marie/

http://www.flipkart.com/m-k-sateesh/



31

ZOO2 B MI[ P] – PRACTI CAL 01

GENERAL METHODOLOGY AND INSTRUMENTATI ON

36 hours

Credit 1

1. St udy of si mpl e and compound li ght mi croscopes

2. Mi cr ometry –cali bration and measure ment of mi croscopi c objects –l ow power

3. Ca mera Luci da (draw a fe w di agra ms usi ng Ca mera Luci da)

4. Paper chromat ography (de monstration onl y)

5. Instrument ati on – de monstration ( write notes on princi pl e, equi pment and its use)

pH Met er

Col ori met er/ Spectrophoto met er

Centrifuge

El ectrophoresis

6. Sci entific drawi ng (representati ves from any fi ve taxa)

7. Insect collecti on and preservati on techni ques (Gr oup Acti vity)

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO1 GMPS - GENERAL METHODOLOGY & PERSPECTI VES I N SCI ENCE

Uni ts Hours 1 marks

8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 4 1 1 0/ 1 0 3/ 7

Mo dul e II 4 1 1 1/ 0 0 7/ 3

Mo dul e III 12 2 2 1 1 22

Mo dul e I V 5 1 2 1 1 21

Mo dul e V 5 1 2 1 1 21

Mo dul e VI 5 1 1 1 1 19

Mo dul e VII 1 1 1 1 0 7



32

MODEL PAPER

B. Sc. DEGREE ( C. B. C. S. S) EXAMI NATI ON

FI RST SEMESTER - CORE COURSE


Ti me: 3 hrs Maxi mu m: 60 marks

PART A

Ans wer all(1 mark each)

1. What is Magnificati on?

2. What is differential centrifugati on

3. St at e t he sci entist who proposed t he followi ng

a. Doubl e heli x struct ure of DNA

b. Syst e ma Nat urae

c. Cell theory

d. Ori gi n of speci es by nat ural selecti on

4. What is a buffer?

5. Taxi der my

6. Sl aught er house

7. Di ssertati on

8. Defi ne phot ometric anal ytical met hod [8x1=8 Marks]

PART B

Ans wer any si x(2 marks each)

9. Di fferentiate bet ween knowl edge and t he t ypes of knowl edge

10. Me nti on t he contri buti ons of Mendel t o bi ol ogy.

11. Co mment on Sci entific drawi ng.

12. Di sti nguish bet ween compound and dark fiel d mi croscopy.

13. Descri be the pri nci pl e and use of pH met er.

14. Baer mann funnel

15. Killi ng jars

16. Preventi on of cruelt y t o Ani mal act, 1960

17. Coll oqui um

18. Defi ne mol arit y. How is I M Na OH prepared? ( Mol ecul ar wei ght : 40)[6x2=12 Mar ks]

PART C

Ans wer any four(4 marks each)

19. What is Bi ol ogy and t he 5 charact eristics of bi ol ogy?

20. Expl ai n the pri nci pl e and wor ki ng of a Trans mi ssion El ectron mi croscope.

21. Di fferentiate bet ween paper and gel chromat ography

22. Baleen harvesti ng system

23. Transport of Ani mals Rul es.

24. Ho w do you prepare a script for oral presentati on? [4x4=16 Marks]

PART D

Ans wer any t wo( 12 marks each)

25. El uci dat e t he hist ory of biol ogy.

26. Wr it e an essay on chromat ographi c techni ques.

27. Wr it e an essay on vari ous pr ocedures adopt ed for t he collecti on of pl ankt ons from wat er

bodi es.

28. Cl assify research proj ect. Descri be the vari ous steps i nvol ved i n research project

[2x12= 24 Mar ks]



33

SEMESTER II

ZOO2 BMS- CORE COURSE 02

BI ODI VERSI TY AND MODERN SYSTE MATI CS

36 hrs

Credits 2

Obj ecti ves:

To creat e appreci ation on di versit y of life on eart h

To understand different levels of bi ol ogi cal di versity

To fa miliarize taxa level identificati on of ani mals

To learn bi odi versit y estimati on techni ques

To creat e i nterest for conservati on of bi odi versit y

Pre requi site:

Basi c knowl edge on t he livi ng worl d, plant and ani mal ki ngdo m

Kno wl edge on bi odi versity and its conservati on

Kno wl edge on bi ol ogi cal classificati on and represent ati ve organis m of major taxa

PART I: BI ODI VERSITY (26 Hrs )

Mo dul e I – Introducti on to Bi odi versity (2 hrs)

Defi niti on

Hi st orical perspecti ve

Concepts:

Nat ure – environment – bi odi versit y

Scope and i mport ance

Core Readi ngs

Chap man J. L. & M. J. Reiss 2006 Ecol ogy, Pri ncipl es and Applicati ons. Sec Editi on

Ca mbri dge Uni versit y Press.

Supri yo Chakrabort y. 2004 Bi odi versity. Poi nt er Publishers, Jai pur, Indi a.

Tho mas AP.,( Edit or) 2009 Bi odi versit y, Scope and Challenges- Green Leaf Publicati ons

Kott aya m

Wi l son E. O., 1988 ( Edit or). Bi odi versity. Nati onal Acade my press, Washi ngton DC, USA.

Mo dul e II – Levels of biodi versity (5 hrs)

Genetic, Speci es, Ecosystem

Do mesticat ed, Mi crobi al di versit y

Di stri buti on of bi odi versity on eart h

Tr opi cal, temperat e and pol ar

Landscapes and i nt eractions

Bi odi versit y hotspots

Core Readi ngs



Myers, Nor man. 1984. The Pri mary Source: Tropical Forests and Our Fut ure. W. W. Nort an &

Co mpany, NY.

Myers, N., Mitter mi ere, R.A. , Mitter mei er, C. G., Dea Fonseca, G. A. B and J. Kent. 2000.

Bi odi versit y hotspots for conservati on pri orities. Nat ure, 403: 853-858.



34



Mo dul e III – Val ues of bi odi versity (4 hrs)

Di rect use val ue

Indirect use val ue

Non use val ue

Ecosyst e m servi ces

Core Readi ngs


Co mpany, NY.

Myers, N., Mitter mi ere, R.A. , Mitter mei er, C. G. , Dea Fonseca, G. A. B and J. Kent. 2000.



Mo dul e I V – Threats to bi odi versity (5 hrs)

Types of t hreats

Habit at loss, man- wil dlife conflict ( wit h case st udies)

Invasi ve speci es

Poll uti on

Over expl oitati on and human popul ati on

Cli mat e change

Core Readi ngs




Mo dul e V – Bi odi versity conservati on and manage ment (6 hrs)

Conservati on strategi es

In sit u, ex sit u

Nati onal parks, Sanct uaries and Bi osphere reserves

Internati onal efforts

Conventi on on Bi ol ogi cal Di versit y ( CBD)

I UCN- WCMC, UNEP

Legal measures

Wi l d life Prot ecti on Act, 1972

The Environment Prot ection Act, 1986

Forest ( Conservati on) Act1980, 1988

Bi odi versit y Act 2002

Bi odi versit y rule 2004

Nati onal bi odi versit y action pl an

Peopl e‘s partici pati on – Peopl es bi odi versit y register (PBR)

Local i nitiati ves

Core Readi ngs

A. P. Tho mas( Edit or)2009 Bi odi versit y –Scope &Challenges . Green leaf publicati ons. Kottaya m

Andre w S. Pulli n 2002. Conservati on Bi ol ogy. Ca mbri dge Uni versit y Press, Ca mbri dge, UK.





35

Wi l son E. O., 1988 ( Edit or). Bi odi versity. Nati onal Acade my press, Washi ngton DC, USA

Mo dul e VI – Bi odi versity esti mati on – tools and techni ques (4 hrs)

Sa mpli ng techni ques –

Quadrat e

Li ne transect

Measure ments

Densit y

Abundance

Frequency

Bi odi versit y i ndices – concepts

Shannon- Wei ner, Si mpson

Core Readi ngs

Anne E. Magurran 2004. Measuri ng Bi ol ogi cal Diversity . Bl ackwell Publishi ng, MA, USA.

PART II – MODERN TAXONOMY (10 hrs)

Mo dul e VII – Taxono mical Pri nci pl es (6 hrs)

Bri ef hist ory

Concepts and defi niti on

Appr oaches of taxono my

Mol ecul ar taxono my

I mport ance of classification

Phyl ogeny and Taxono my– Tree of Life, bar coding of life

Zool ogi cal nomencl at ure

Internati onal Code of Zool ogi cal No mencl at ure (ICZN)

Core Readi ngs

Kapoor , V. C. 1998. Theory and Practice of Ani mal Taxono my. Oxf ord and I BH Pub. Co, Ne w

Del hi.

Mo dul e VIII – Tools and techni ques (4 hrs)

Identificati on Keys

Di chot omous keys (Si ngle access key)

Pol yt omous key

Multi access key

Advant ages and disadvantages

Core Readi ngs

Kapoor , V. C. 1998. Theory and Practice of Ani mal Taxono my. Oxf ord and I BH Pub. Co, Ne w

Del hi.



Anne E. Magurran 2004. Measuri ng Bi ol ogi cal Diversity . Bl ackwell Publishi ng, MA, USA.



Dail y, G. C. ( Ed.), 1997. Nat ure’s Servi ces : Soci et al Dependence on Nat ural Ecosyst ems. Island

Press, Washi ngt on D C.

For man, R. T and M. Gordaon. 1986. Landscape Ecol ogy. John Wil ey &Sons, NY, USA.

Kapoor , V. C. 1998. Theory and Practice of Ani mal Taxono my. Oxf or d and I BH Pub. Co, Ne w

Del hi

Kar unakaran, C. K. 2003. Politics of vanishi ng f orests i n Keral a. Kerala Sastra Sahit ya

Parishat, Thiruvanant hapura m.



36

Land resource based perspecti ve pl an f or 2020 AD. Keral a St at e Land Use Boar d,

Thiruvanant hapura m


Co mpany, NY.

Myers, N., Mitter mi ere, R.A. , Mitter mei er, C. G., Dea Fonseca, G. A. B and J. Kent. 2000.


Nair, K. N. S and Para mes waran, P. 1976. Keral at hint e Sampat h ( Wealt h of Keral a). Keral a

Sastra Sahit hya Parishad, Tri vandrum, Keral a.

Nair, M. P., Pushpangathan, P., Raj asekharan, S., Narayanan Nair. K. and Dan Mat he w.

―Jai vavai vi dhyam‖ ( Bi odiversit y). State Instit ute of Languages, Thiruvanant hapura m

St at e of t he Environment Report, Keral a. ( Annual Publication), Kerala St at e Council f or

Sci ence, Technol ogy and Environment, Thiruvanant hapura m


Tho mas A. P.,( Edit or) 2009 Bi odi versit y scope & challenges. Green Leaf publicati ons

Kott aya m


We b Resources

htt p:// www. ncbi. nl m. gov.

htt p://tol web. org

htt p:// www. bi osis. org

htt p:// uc mp. berkel y. edu

htt p://speci es. enviroweb. ;org

htt p://iczn. org

htt p:// www. unep. org

htt p:// www. i ucn. org

htt p:// www. cbd. org

http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/

http://tolweb.org/

http://www.biosis.org/

http://ucmp.berkely.edu/

http://species.enviroweb.;org/

http://iczn.org/

http://www.unep.org/

http://www.iucn.org/

http://www.cbd.org/



37

ZOO2 BMI[ P] - Practical 02


36 hrs

Credit 1

1. Quadrat e st udy

2. Transect st udy

3. Sa mpli ng

4. Speci es area curve

5. Identificati on usi ng keys

Insect

Fi sh

Snake

6. Taxa, i dentificati on techni ques

Bi rd body parts

Butt erfl y/ dragonfl y body parts and venati on

7. Si mpl e identificati on of any 20 ani mals (l ocal – represent all taxa)

Co mmon na me and sci entific na me

8. Fi el d st udy (compul sory)

Vi sit to t wo i mport ant areas of bi odi versit y

Report on l ocal bi odi versity conservati on efforts

Eg. Sacred grooves, medici nal plant garden

Report shoul d be submitted by each st udent

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO2 BMS– BI ODI VERSI TY AND MODERN SYSTEMATI CS


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 2 1/ 0 1 1/ 0 0 7/ 2

Mo dul e II 5 1 1 ½ 1 15/ 19

Mo dul e III 4 1 1 0 0/ 1 7

Mo dul e I V 5 1 1 1 1 19

Mo dul e V 6 1/ 2 2/ 1 1 0/ 1 9/ 20

Mo dul e VI 4 1 0/ 2 1 1/ 0 17/ 9

Mo dul e VII 6 1 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 7/ 15

Mo dul e VIII 4 1/ 0 ½ 0/ 1 1/ 0 15/ 8



38

MODEL PAPER


SECOND SEMESTER - CORE COURSE

ZOO2 BMS – BI ODI VERSI TY AND MODERN SYSTEMATI CS


PART A

Ans wer all (1 mark each)

1. What is ex-sit u conservation? Gi ve an eg.

2. Defi ne Bar codi ng

3. Expand a) CBD b) UNEP

4. Defi ne Speci es Di versit y?

5. Defi ne Ga mma di versit y in bi odi versit y st udies.

6. What are Indicat or species? Gi ve one Eg.

7. Defi ne producti ve use value.

8. What are Invasi ve Species? Gi ve one Eg.

(8 x 1= -8 mar ks)

PART B

Ans wer any si x (2 marks each)

9. Na me any 4 wil d life sanct uaries i n Keral a

10. Wr it e briefl y on PBR

11. What is a) uni versalit y b) uni queness i n nomencl ature?

12. Expl ai n an i nteracti ve Key

13. Defi ne a Quadrat.

14. Wr it e any four feat ues of bi odi versit y?

15. Correl ate bet ween Genetic and Species di versit y.

16. What are bi ogeographi cal real ms?

17. What are t he pros and cons of domesticati ng bi odiversit y?

18. Me nti on any 4 obj ecti ves of Bi osphere reserve progra m.

(6 x 2= 12 mar ks)

PART C

Ans wer any four (4 marks each)

19. Ho w was wat er birds saved from exti ncti on i n Cambodi a?

20. Expl ai n Si mpson Index.

21. Wr it e briefl y on t he pri mary requisites of a good identification key.

22. Bi odi versit y is self sust ainabl e and self evol vi ng, justify.

23. Why are rai nforest known as t he ‗ Lungs of t he planet‘.

24. Gi ve an account of t he impact of cli mat e change on bi odi versit y?

(4 x 4= 16 mar ks)

PART D

Ans wer any t wo (12 marks each)

25. What is I CZN? Gi ve an account on t he maj or rul es of I CZN

26. Defi ne sa mpli ng. Expl ain vari ous met hods of sampli ng used by bi ol ogist.

27. Wr it e an essay on t he distri buti on of bi odi versit y on eart h.

28. Expl ai n in det ail the t hreats t o bi odi versit y.

(12 x 2= 24 mar ks)



39

MODEL PAPER ( PRACTI CAL)

Se mester II (I and II combi ned)

ZOO2 BMI( P) - GENERAL METHODOLOGY, I NSTRUMENTATI ON,


Ti me: 3 Hours Maxi mu m: 40 marks

Q. NO. I

Usi ng a mi cromet er, measure the breadt h of human hair.

Wr it e down t he pri nci pl e and procedure

a. Pri nci pl e and Procedure - 5 Mar ks

b. Cali brati on, Cal culati on and Results - 5 Mar ks

Q. NO. II

Identify four speci mens upt o speci es (4x2=8 Mar ks)

Q. NO. III

a. Prepare speci es areas cur ve and det er mi ne mi nimu m si ze of a quadrat e

(3+1=4 Mar ks)

No. Area No. of

speci es

counted

1 1x1 m 1

2 2x2 m 4

3 3x3 m 6

4 4x4 m 9

5 5x5 m 10

6 6x6 m 12

7 7x7 m 13

8 8x8 m 13

9 9x9 m 13

10 10x10 m 13

b. Ma ke a proportionat e sketch of t he speci menpr ovided.

Label any t hree parts and gi ve the scal e used

(2+1=3 Mar ks)



40

Q. NO. I V Ans wer t he foll owi ng (2x5=10 Mar ks)

a. Identify t he labelled parts

b. identify t he type of transect and comment on

c. Identify and write not es on t he gi ven item

d. Identify and comment on the pri nci pl e of t he instru ment

e. Identify and comment on the local fauna

Q. NO. V Recor d - 5 Mar ks



41

SEMESTER III

ZOO3 ADN - CORE COURSE 03

ANI MAL DI VERSI TY- NON CHORDATA

54 hrs Credits 3

Obj ecti ves

1. To st udy t he scientific classificati on of i nvertebrate fauna.

2. To learn t he physi ol ogi cal and anat omi cal peculiarities of some i nvertebrat e phyl a t hrough

type st udy.

3. To learn t he evol uti onary si gnificance of vari ous i nvertebrate fauna

4. To sti mul at e t he curi osity i n li vi ng t hi ngs around t he m.

MODULE I

Introducti on: Bri efl y me nti on t he foll owi ng (2 hrs)

Cl assificati on – Keys and Pri nci pl es.

No mencl at ure ( Uni nomi nal, Bi nomi al, & Tri nomial), La w of Pri orit y.

Two ki ngdo m and Fi ve kingdo m cl assificati on.

Sy mmetry - Asymmetry, Spherical, Radi al, Biradial and Bilateral

Coel om – Acoel omat es, Pseudocoel omat es and Eucoel omat es

Schi zocoel om, Ent erocoelom., Prot ost omi a and Deut erost omi a

Ki ngdo m Protista Type: Para meci um (10hrs)

Salient feat ures and classificati on up t o phyl a

1. Phyl um Rhi zopoda : Amoeba

2. Phyl um Acti nopoda : Acti nophrys

3. Phyl um Di nofl agellata : Noctil uca

4. Phyl um Parabasalia : Trychony mpha

5. Phyl um Met a monada : Gi ardi a

6. Phyl um Ki net opl asta : Trypanosoma

7. Phyl um Eugl enophyt a : Eugl ena

8. Phyl um Cr ypt ophyt a : Crypt omonas

9. Phyl um Opali nat a : Opali na

10. Phyl um Bacillari ophyt a : Di at oms

11. Phyl um Chl orophyt a : Vol vox



42

12. Phyl um Choanofl agellata : Prot erospongi a

13. Phyl um Cili ophora : Para meci um

14. Phyl um Spor ozoa : Pl as modi um

15. Phyl um Mi crospori dia : Nose ma

16. Phyl um Rhodophyt a : Red Al ga

( Menti on any fi ve general charact ers for each phyl um. Det ailed accounts of exa mpl es are not

necessary.)

Ge neral Topi cs : (1) Parasitic Prot ozoans (2). Life cycl e of Pl as modi um

Ki ngdo m Ani mali a Outli ne classificati on of Ki ngdo m Ani malia. (1hr)

Three branches - Mesozoa, parazoa, Eumet azoa.

Core Readi ngs

Dha mi. P. S. and Dha mi J.K. 1979 Invertebrate Zoology. R. Chand and Co. Del hi.

Eka mbaranat ha Ayyar M. 1990. A Manual of Zool ogy. Vol ume i. Invertebrat e part I and part

II. S. Vis wanat han Pri nters & Publishers. Pvt. Lt d.

MODULE II

Mes ozoa - Eg. Rhopalura.

Phyl um Porifera. (3 hrs)

Cl assificati on upt o classes.

Cl ass I- Cal carea. Eg. Sycon., Cl ass II – Hexactinelli da . Eg. Eupl ect ella.

Cl ass III – De mospongi a Eg. Cli ona.

Ge neral Topi cs

1. Reproducti on i n sponges 2. Canal syst e m i n sponges.

Phyl um Coel enterata Type: Obeli a (6hrs)


Cl ass I - Hydr ozoa Eg. Haliste mma. Cl ass II – Scyphozoa Eg. Rhizost oma. Cl ass III-

Ant hozoa Eg. Fungia.

Ge neral Topi cs: Coral and coral reefs wit h speci al reference to conservati on of reef fauna.

2. Pol ymor phis m i n Coelent erates

Core Readi ngs

Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Keral a St udy mat erial. Ani mal Di versity 2002.



43



MODULE III

Phyl um Ctenophora. ( 1 hr)

Eg. Pl eurobrachi a.

Phyl um Pl atyhel mi nt hes (3hrs)


Cl ass I - Turbellaria. Eg. Pl anaria.

Cl ass II – Tre mat oda Eg. Fasci ol a

Cl ass III- Cest oda Eg. Taeni a sagi nat a.

Ge neral Topi cs-

1. Life hist ory of Fasci ola hepatica.

2. Pl at yhel mi nt h parasites of Man and Dog (Schistosoma, Taeni a soli um, Echi nococcus ).

Phyl um Ne mat oda (3hrs)

Cl ass phas mi di a Eg. Enterobi us, Ascaris

Cl ass Aphas mi di a Eg. Trichi nella

Ge neral Topi c-

Pat hogeni c ne mat odes. (Wuchereria bancrofti, Ancyl ost oma duodenal e, Trichi nella).

Phyl um Anneli da (2 hrs)


Cl ass I- Archi anneli da Eg. Pol ygordi us

Cl ass II – Pol ychaeta Eg. Chaet opt erus

Cl assIII- Oli gochaeta Eg. Megascolex.

Cl ass I V - Hirudi nomor pha Eg. Ozobranchus, Hirudi naria

Core Readi ngs

Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala St udy mat erial. Ani mal Di versity 2002.



MODULE I V (12 hrs)

Phyl um- Onychophora



44

Eg. Peri pat us ( Menti on its affi nities).

Phyl um Art hropoda

Type: Panaeus


Di vi ded i nt o 3 subphyl a.

1. Sub Phyl um - Tril obito morpha

Cl ass - Tril obita ( menti on salient feat ures).

2. Sub Phyl um- Mandi bul ata

Cl ass I – Cr ust acea Eg. Sacculi na

Cl ass II- Chil opoda Eg. Centi pede (Scol opendra)

Cl ass III – Symphyl a Eg. Scuti gerella

Cl ass I V – Di pl opoda Eg. Milli pede (Spirostrept us)

Cl ass V - Insect a Eg. Dragon fl y

Cl ass VI – Pauropoda Eg. Pauropus

3. Sub Phyl um - Chelicerata

Cl ass I - Mer ost omat a Eg. Li mul us

Cl ass II – Arachni da Eg. Scorpi on

Ge neral Topi cs

1. Vect orial Art hropods

2. Lar val for ms of Penaeus

Core Readi ngs

Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala St udy mat erial. Ani mal Di versity 2002.



MODULE V

Phyl um Moll usca (4 hrs)

Cl assificati on upt o classes

Cl ass I- Monopl acophora Eg. Neopili na

Cl ass II- Amphi neura Eg. Chit on

Cl ass III- Gastropoda Eg. Apl ysia

Cl ass I V- Scaphopoda Eg. Dent alium

Cl ass V- Pel ecypoda Eg. Pi nct ada



45

Ci ass VI- Cephal opoda Eg. Sepi a

Ge neral Topi c-

Pearl for mati on and cult ure

Phyl um Echi noder mat a (4 hrs)


Cl ass I- Ast eroi dea Eg. Astropecten

Cl ass II- Ophi uroi dea Eg. Ophi ot hri x

Cl ass III- Echi noi dea Eg. Echi nus

Cl ass I V- Hol ot huroi dea Eg. Hol ot huria

Cl ass V – Cri noi dea Eg. Ant edon

Ge neral Topi cs

1. Wat er vascul ar syste m.

2. Larval for ms of Echi noder ms

Mi nor Phyl a ( 2 hrs)

1. Chaet ognat ha Eg. Sagitta

2. Si punculi da Eg. Si puncul us

3. Rotifera Eg. Brachi onus

Phyl um He mi chordata (1 hr)

Eg. Balanogl ossus

Core Readi ngs

Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala St udy mat erial. Ani mal Di versity 2002 &2010

Eka mbaranat ha Ayyar M. 1990. A Manual of Zool ogy. Vol ume 1. I nvertebrat e part I and part



Anderson D. T. 2001Invertebrate Zool ogy Sec Editi on Oxf ord Uni versit y Press

Bar nes R. D. 1987. Invertebrat e Zool ogy. W. B. Saunders. Ne w Yor k.

Dha mi. P. S. and Dha mi J.K. 1979 Invertebrate Zoology. R. Chand and Co. Ne w Del hi.



Hy man L. H. The Invertebrat e Vol umes. Mc Gra w Hill.

Jordan. E. L., and Ver ma P. S. 2000. Invertebrat e zool ogy. S. Chand and Co. ltd., Ne w Del hi.



46

Kot pal R. L, Agarval S. K. and R. P. Khet harpal 2002. Moder n Text book of Zool ogy.

Kot pal. R. L., 1988-92 ( Al l series). Rast ogi Publishers, Meerut.

Par ker & Has well. Text book of Zool ogy. Invertebrate . Vol. I 7t h

Editi on.

Tho mas A. P ( Edit or) 2009 Invertebrata . Green leaf publicati ons Kottaya m



47

ZOO3 ADN [ P] Practical 03


36 hrs.

Credit 1

Sci entific Drawi ng:-

Ma ke scientific drawi ngs of 5 l ocall y availabl e i nvertebrat e speci mens bel ongi ng t o different

phyl a.

Anat o my:-

St udy of secti ons. ( Any t wo)

1. Hydra.

2. Ascaris

3. Eart hwor m

4. Fasci ol a

Di ssecti ons

1. Prawn - Nervous syste m

2. Cockroach - Nervous syste m

Mo unti ng:-

1. Nereis - Parapodi a

2. Cockroach - Sali vary gl ands

3. Mout h parts –Pl ant bug/ House fly / Mosquit o. ( Any Two)

4. Prawn appendages.

Identificati on:-

Ge neral i dentificati on- The st udents are expected t o i dentify t he f oll owi ng Phyl um – wi se

nu mber of ani mals by t heir generic na mes and 20% of t hese by t heir specific na mes. Pr otista -

2, Porifera-1, Coel enterat a-2, Pl at yhel mi nt hes-1, Anneli da-2, Art hropoda-3, Moll usca- 2,

Echi noder mat a-2

Taxono mi c i dentificati on wit h key:-

Identificati on of i nsects up t o t he level of order.

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO3 ADN - ANI MAL DI VERSI TY - NON –CHORDATA


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 13 1 3/ 2 2 1 27/ 25

Mo dul e II 9 1 2/ 1 1 1/ 0 20/ 8

Mo dul e III 9 1 4/ 1 2 1 29/ 23

Mo dul e I V 12 1 2/ 1 2 1 25/ 23

Mo dul e V 11 1 1 1 0/ 1 8/ 10



48

MODEL PAPER


THI RD SEMESTER - CORE COURSE

ZOO3 ADN - ANI MAL DI VERSI TY - NON CHORDATA


PART A


1. Gi ve t he generic na me of a) sun ani mal cule b) venus flower basket

2. Na me an ani mal whi ch causes parasitic castrati on

3. Gi ve one exa mpl e for digenetic parasite

4. What is Arist otle lant ern? In whi ch organis m is it found?

5. Na me t he first larvae of Penaeus?

6. Gi ve an account of Ge mmul es i n sponges

7. Na me t he reproducti ve zooi ds of Obelia col ony

8. Wr it e t he parasitic adaptati ons of Fasci ol a

(8 1= 8 mar ks)

PART B


9. Di fferentiate bet ween polyp and medusa

10. Li st any 4 uni que feat ures of Phyl um Parazoa

11. Wr it e a short note on Taeni a.

12. ― Write a short not e on Pleurobrachi a.

13. Wr it e t he parasitic adaptati ons of Fasci ol a.

14. St at e t he si gnificance of Li mul us.

15. Gi ve an account of rul es of bi nomi al nomecl at ure

16. Cl assify phyl um porifera upt o classes gi vi ng one exa mpl e

17. Gi ve an account of Trichocyst

18. Gi ve an account of Trypanosoma

(6 2= 12 mar ks)

PART C


19. Bri efl y descri be the life cycl e of Pl as modi um i n mosquit o

20. Expl ai n pol ymor phis m wi t h t he hel p of an exa mpl e.

21. Wr it e a det ailed account of pearl cult ure.

22. Expl ai n canal syste ms i n sponges.

23. Descri be different types of Coral Reefs?

24. ―List the salient feat ures Of Phyl um Moll usca?

(4 4= 16 mar ks)

PART D


25. Write an essay on parasitic prot ozoans

26. Write an essay on wat er vascul ar syste m of St ar fish

27. Write an essay on life hist ory of Fasci ol a?

28. Gi ve an account on the Cephalic appendages of Penaeus.

(2 12= 24 mar ks)



49

SEMESTER I V

ZOO4 ADC - CORE COURSE 04

ANI MAL DI VERSI TY – CHORDATA

54 Hrs

3 Credits

Obj ecti ves

1. To make t he st udent observe t he di versit y i n chor dat es and t heir syste matic positi on.

2. To make t he m a ware of t he econo mi c i mport ance of some cl asses.

MODULE I

Introducti on (1 Hr)

Phyl um Chordat a - General classification

( Cl assificati on up t o order – Sub phyl um, Super class, Cl ass, Subcl ass, Or der)

1. Sub phyl um : Urochordat a (3 Hrs)

Cl ass I Lar vacea Eg. Oi kopl eura

Cl ass II Asci di acea Eg: Asci di a ( Menti on Retrogressi ve Met a mor phosis)

Cl ass III Thaliacea Eg: Doli ol um

2. Sub phyl um: Cephal ochordat a (2 Hrs)

Exa mpl e - Amphi oxus

Core Readi ngs

Eka mbaranat ha Iyer 2000 A Manual of Zool ogy Vol. II . S. Vis wanat han and Co.

Young J. Z, 1981, The Life of Vertebrates Oxf ord Uni versit y Press.

Young J. Z. 2006 The life of Vertebrat es Oxf ord Uni versit y Press ( Third Ed. ) Indi a Ed.

MODULE II

1. Sub phyl um: Vertebrata

2. Di visi on 1– Agnat ha (2 Hrs)

Cl ass I –Ostracoder mi Eg: Cephal aspis

Cl ass II–Cycl ost omat aEg: Petromyzon

Di visi on 2 – Gnat hostomat a (10 Hrs)

Super cl ass Pisces

Cl ass: Chondri cht hyes

Sub class - El as mobranchi Eg: Narci ne

Sub class Hol ocephali Eg: Chi maera



50

Cl ass: Ostei cht hyes

Sub class – Choani cht hyes

Or der 1 Cr ossopt eri giiEg: Lati meri a

Or der 2 Di pnoi Eg: Lepi dosiren

Sub class: - Acti nopt erygii

Super order 1. Chondr ostei Eg: Aci pencer

Super order 2. Hol ostei Eg: Ami a

Super order 3. Tel eost ei Eg: Sardi ne

Ge neral topi cs

1. Accessory respirat ory organs i n fish.

2. Parent al care i n fishes.

3. Scal es i n fishes.

4. Mi grati on i n fishes

5. Co mmon cult ure fishes of Keral a

6. Lung fishes

Core Readi ngs

Eka mbaranat ha Iyer 2000 A Manual of Zool ogy Vol. !!. S. Vis wanat han and Co.


Jhi ngran 1977, Fish and Fi sheries of India, Hi ndustan Publishi ng Co.

MODULE III

Super cl ass: Tetrapoda (10 Hrs)

Cl ass Amphi bi a

Type Frog

Or der I Anura Eg: Hyl a

Or der II Ur odel a Eg: Ambl yst oma ( Menti on axol otl larva and neotony)

Or der III Apoda Eg: Icht hyophis.

Cl ass Reptili a (4 Hrs)

Sub class I: Anapsi da

Or der Chel oni a Eg: Chel one

Sub class II: Parapsi da Eg: Icht hyosaurus

Sub class III: Di apsi da

Or der I Rhynchocephalia Eg: Sphenodon



51

Or der II Squa mat a Eg: Cha mal eon

Sub class I V: Synapsi da Eg: Cynognat hus

Ge neral topi c

Identificati on of poisonous and non poisonous snakes

Cl ass Aves 4 Hrs

Sub cl ass I: Archeornithes Eg: Archaeopt eryx ( Affinities)

Sub cl ass II: Neornit hes

Super order I: Pal aeognathe Eg: Strut hi o

Super order II: Neognat he Eg; Brahmi ny kite

Ge neral topi cs

1. Mi grati ons in birds

2. Fli ght adapt ati ons in birds

Core Readi ngs

Jordan E L and . P. S. Verma, 2002 Chor dat e Zoology S. Chand and Co. New Del hi.

Eka mbaranat ha Iyer 2000 A Manual of Zool ogy Vol.II S. Vis wanat han and Co.

MODULE I V

Cl ass Ma mmali a (18Hrs)

Type: Rabbit

Sub class I: Prot ot heria Eg: Echi dna

Sub class II: Met at heria Eg: Macropus

Sub class III: Eut heria

Or der 1. Insecti vora Eg: Tal pa

Or der 2 Der mopt era Eg: Gal eopit hecus

Or der 3. Chiropt era Eg: Pt eropus

Or der 4. Pri mat es Eg: Loris

Or der 5 Carni vora Eg: Pant hera

Or der 6 Edent ata Eg: Ar madillo

Or der 7 Pholi bot a Eg: Manis

Or der 8 Probosci dea Eg: El ephas

Or der 9 Hydracoi dea Eg: Procavi a

Or der 10 Sireni a Eg: Dugong



52

Or der 11 Perissodactyl a Eg: Zebra

Or der 12 Arti odact yl a Eg: Ca mel eus

Or der 13 Lago mor pha Eg: Or yct ol agus

Or der 14 Rodentia Eg: Porcupi ne

Or der 15 Tubuli dent ata Eg: Or ycteropus

Or der 16 Cet acea Eg: Del phi nus

Ge neral topi cs

1. Dentiti on i n Ma mmal s

2. Aquatic Ma mmal s

Core Readi ngs



Tho mas A P ( Edit or) 2010 Chor dat a . Green leaf publicati ons Kottaya m

Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala St udy mat erial. Ani mal Di versity 2002 &2011



Jhi ngran 1977, Fish and Fi sheries of India, Hi ndustan Publishi ng Co.


Kot pal R. L. 2000, Modern Text Book of zool ogy, Vert ebrat es, Rast ogi Publicati ons, Meerut.

Ni ga m and Sobti 2000, Functi onal Or gani zati on of Chor dat es. Shoban Lal Nagi n Chand and

Co. Ne w Del hi.

Young J. Z, 1981, The Life of Vertebrates Oxf ord Uni versit y Press.




53

ZOO4 ADC [ P] PRACTI CAL 04

ANI MAL DI VERSI TY - CHORDATA

36hrs

Credit 1

1. Morphol ogy: Sci entific Dra wi ng

Ma ke scientific drawi ng of 5 l ocall y availabl e vertebrat e speci mens bel onging t o

different classes

2. Di ssecti ons

Fr og: Phot ographs/ di agrams/ one dissect ed & preserved speci men each/ models may be

used for st udy.

1. Frog Vi scera

2. Frog Di gesti ve Syst e m

3. Frog Art erial Syst e m

4. Frog 9t h

& 1st

Spi nal nerve

5. Frog Sciatic Pl exus

6. Frog Brai n

Mounti ng of placoi d scales/cycl oi d/ ctenoi d scal es

3. Osteol ogy

Fr og vertebrae

Pect oral and pel vi c girdles of Frog and Rabbit

Skull of Rabbit ( Di aste ma -dentition

Turtle – pl astron and carapace

4. St udy of secti ons.

Amphi oxus T. S. through pharynx/ T. S. t hrough i ntesti ne

5. Identificati on:-

General i dentification-

Identify all the ani mals by t heir generi c na mes and 25 % of t he m by t heir specific

na mes.

Pr ot ochordata-1, Pisces-4, Amphi bia-3, Reptilia- 4, Aves-1,

Ma mmali a-2.

7. Taxono mi c i dentification wit h key:-

i) Identificati on of fishes up t o t he level of order.

ii) Identificati on of snakes up t o fa mil y.

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO4 ADC - ANI MAL DI VERSI TY- CHORDATA


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 6 0/ 1 2 0/ 1 1/ 0 16/ 10

Mo dul e II 12 2/ 1 2 1/ 2 1 20/ 25

Mo dul e III 18 3/ 2 3 2/ 1 1/ 2 29/ 36

Mo dul e I V 18 2/ 1 3 2/ 1 1 28/ 23



54

MODEL PAPER


FOURTH SEMESTER - CORE COURSE

ZOO4 ADC - ANI MAL DI VERSI TY- CHORDATA


PART A


1. What is diaste ma?

2. What is Sea Squirt? Why is it so called?

3. Oi kopl eura is consi dered as a neot enic for m. Why?

4. Cl assify supercl ass Pisces.

5. What are Bal een Plates?

6. What is Pygost yl e?

7. Sket ch and label t he 8t h

Vertebra of Frog.

8. Defi ne Paedogenesis?

(8 x1 = 8 marks)

PART B


9. Descri be Ammocoet us larva

10. What is Cat adromous mi grati on?.

11. Me nti on t he evol uti onary i mportance of Lati mera.

12. Wr it e any four functi ons of Int egument syste m of Rabbit.

13. Gi ve an account of Arti odact yl a. Cite exa mpl es.

14. Descri be Asci di an tadpole?

15. Me nti on any t wo adapt ations found i n Cha mel eon.

16. Sphenodon is sai d t o be a livi ng fossil. Why?

17. Pr ot ot herians are unfi nished Ma mmal s. Justify.

18. Comment on t he phenomenon of Neot eny i n Amphi bians

(6 x 2 = 12 marks)

PART C


19. Sket ch and label t he ski n of rabbit.

20. Enu merat e t he general charact ers of Reptilia.

21. Expl ai n the adapt ati ons of Aquatic Ma mmal s.

22. Descri be the different t ypes of scales i n fishes.

23. St at e t he affi nities of Archaeopt eryx.

24. Cl assify class Amphi bia upt o order, gi vi ng one exa mpl e each.

(4 x 4 = 16 marks)

PART D


25. Wi t h t he ai d of diagra ms, descri be Retrogressi ve met a mor phosis i n Asci dia.

26. What are accessory respirat ory organs. Expl ai n wi th reference to fishes.

27. Gi ve an account of Dentition in Ma mmal s.

28. Write an essay on i dentification of Poisonous and Non- poisonous snakes.

(2 x 12 = 24 marks)



55


Se mester I V (III and I V co mbi ned)

ZOO4 AD( P) - ANI MAL DI VERSI TY – NON – CHORDATA & CHORDATA


Q. NO. 1

Di ssect and displ ay t he nervous syst e m of Prawn/Cockr oach. Sketch and label t he parts

Di ssecti on - 5 Marks

Di spl ay - 2 Marks

Sket ch and label - 3 Marks

Q. NO. 2

Syst e matic i dentificati on of any four speci mens.

( Gi ve t wo speci men from chor data and t wo from non-chordat a)

1) Co mmon na me and name of phyl um, class and or der - 4 Marks

2) Sci entific na me - 4 Marks

OR

Identify any four labelled part of t he dissecti on and menti on t heir functi on.

Fr og viscera/ di gesti ve syst e m/ brai n/ arterial syste m

Identificati on 1/2 X4=2 - 2 Marks

Functi on 11/2 X4=6 - 6 Marks

OR

Identify, sket ch and label the gi ven dissecti on (1st

spi nal and 9t h

crani al/ Sciatic pl exus)

Di agra m -6, Label-2 - 8 Marks

Q. NO. 3

a) Mount t wo appendages of Prawn (specified). Sket ch and label

Mounti ng - 2 Marks

Labelled di agra m - 2 Marks

OR

Mounti ng of salivary gl and of cockroach - 4 Marks

OR

Sci entific drawi ng- Non Chor dat e/ Chor date - 4 Marks

b) Mounti ng of Nereis parapodi a/ Mout h parts of Housefl y/ Pl ant bug/ Mosquit o/ placoi d/

cycl oi d and ctenoi d scal es

Mounti ng - 1 Mark


OR

Identify usi ng key – Non chordate/ Chor dat e

(fish and i nsect upt o order and snake upt o fa mil y) - 3 Marks



56

Q. NO. 4

a)Identify t he gi ven section, draw labelled di agram

( One from Non- Chor date and one Chor date)

T. S. of Hydra/ Ascaris/ Fasci ol a/ Eart hwor m/ and Amphi oxus T. S. t hrough pharynx/ i ntesti ne

Identificati on - 1 Mark


b) Identify and Co mment on (Identificati on- 1/2, Co mment s - 1

1/2)

1) Frog vertebra ( Typi cal/8t h

/ 9t h

)

2) Pect oral/ Pel vi c girdle ( Frog/ Rabbit)

3) Skull of Rabbit/ plastron/ carapace of t urtle

(3X2=6) - 6 Marks

Certified Record - 5 Marks



57

SEMESTER V

ZOO5 CM- CORE COURSE 05

CELL BI OLOGY AND MOLECULAR BI OLOGY

54 Hrs

Credits 3

PART I - CELL BI OLOGY (27 Hrs)

Mo dul e I Hi story of cell and mol ecul ar bi ol ogy (2 hrs)

Cell theory, Prokaryot es, Eukaryot es, Acti nomycetes, Mycopl as mas, Virus,

Vi ri on and Viroi ds, Pri ons,

Mo dul e II Cell me mbrane & Permeability (6 hrs)

Mol ecul ar models of cell me mbrane

(Sandwi ch model, Unit me mbr ane model, Fl ui d mosai c model)

Modi ficati ons of pl as ma me mbr ane. ( Mi crovilli, tight j uncti on, gap j unction,

des moso mes)

Cell per meabilit y - Diffusi on, Os mosis, Passi ve transport, Acti ve transport,

Cell coat and Cell recognition.

Mo dul e III Ul trastruct ure of Cyt oplas m ( 7 hrs )

Cyt oskelet on - Mi crot ubul es, mi crofilaments, inter medi ate filaments.

Endopl as mi c reticul um - Struct ure and functi ons

Ri bosomes (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic)

Gol gi compl ex - Struct ure and functi ons.

Lysosomes - Pol ymor phis m - GERL concept, functi ons

Mi t ochondria - Struct ure and functi ons

Sy mbi ont hypot hesis.

Mo dul e I V Nucl eus (6 hrs)

Struct ure and functi ons of interphase nucl eus, Nuclear me mbr ane, pore

compl ex, struct ure and functi ons of nucl eol us Chro moso mes – Struct ure;

Het erochromati n, Euchro mati n, Nucl eosomes, Polytene chromoso mes- Balbi ani

ri ngs, Endo mit osis, La mp brush chromosomes.

Mo dul e V Cell Di visi on (3 Hrs.)

Cell cycl e - G1, S, G2 and M phases

Mi t osis and Mei osis

Mo dul e VI Cell Co mmuni cati on (3 Hrs.)

Cell signalli ng - Si gnalling mol el cules (neurotrans mitters, hor mones, growt h

fact ors, cyt oki nes, vita mi n A and D deri vati ves) Rol e of cyclic AMP



58

PART II - MOLECULAR BI OLOGY 27 Hrs.

Mo dul e VII Nat ure of Ge neti c Materi als (7 Hrs)

Discovery of DNA as genetic mat erial – Griffith‘s transfor mati on experi ments.

Hershey Chase Experi ment of Bact eri ophage i nfecti on Struct ure and.t ypes of

DNA& RNA . . DNA r eplicati on. Moder n concept of gene ( Ci stron, mut on,

recon, viral genes). Pr okaryotic geno me, Eukaryotic geno me, Bri ef account of

the f oll owi ng-- Split genes (i ntrons and exons), Junk genes, Pseudogenes,

Overl appi ng genes, Transposons

Mo dul e VIII Gene Expressi ons ( 12 hrs)

Central Dog ma of mol ecul ar bi ol ogy, One gene-one enzy me hypot hesis, One

gene-one pol ypepti de hypot hesis. Characteristics of genetic code,

Contri buti ons of Hargobi nd Khorana. Prot ei n synt hesis- Transcripti on

(Prokaryotic and eukaryotic), Reverse transcri pti on, post transcri ptional

modificati ons, Transl ation, Post translational modi fications.

Mo dul e I X Ge ne regul ati ons (8 hrs)

Pr okaryotic (i nduci bl e, repressi bl e syst e ms), Operon concept - Lac oper on and

Tr ypt ophan operon. Bri ef account of Eukar yotic gene regul ation, Defi niti ons-

Gl obal control – Sti mulon and modul on, Catabolite repressi on ( Gl ucose

effect).



59

ZOO6 CMGB( P) - PRACTI CAL 05

CELL BI OLOGY AND MOLECULAR BI OLOGY

36 hrs

Credit 1

1. Squash preparation of oni on root tip for mit otic stages

2. Mounti ng of pol yt ene chromoso me ( Dr osophila/ Chironomous.) De monstration

3. Tissues (per manent slides of epit helial tissues, striated muscl e, s moot h muscl e,

cartilage, bone)

4. Identificati on of mei otic stages (sli de/figure)

5. Identificati on of cell organelles

6. Models ( DNA, DNA replicati on, RNA – Different t ypes.)

7. Preparati on of temporary whol e mount.

8. Preparati on of per manent whol e mount (de monstration)

9. Preparati on of human bl ood s mear and i dentificati on of Leucocyt es

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO5 CM - CELL BI OLOGY AND MOLECULAR BI OLOGY

Uni ts Hours 1 Mark

8/ 8

2 Mark

6/ 10

4 Mark

4/ 6

12 Mark

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 2 2/ 1 1 0/ 1 0 3/ 7

Mo dul e II 6 1 1 1 1 19

Mo dul e III 7 1 1 1 1/ 0 19/ 7

Mo dul e I V 6 1/ 0 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 7/ 14

Mo dul e V 3 0 1/ 0 1 0/ 1 6/ 16

Mo dul e VI 3 1 0 1/ 0 0 5/ 1

Mo dul e VII 7 2/ 1 2/ 1 1 0/ 1 10/ 19

Mo dul e VIII 12 1/ 0 1/ 0 0/ 1 1 15/ 16

Mo dul e I X 8 1 0/ 2 0/ 1 1/ 0 13/ 8



60

MODEL PAPER


FI FTH SEMESTER - CORE COURSE

ZOO5 CM: CELL BI OLOGY AND MOLECULAR BI OLOGY


PART A


1. What is Mut on?

2. Li st t wo charact ers of Z DNA.

3. What is Tubuli n?

4. Expl ai n Des moso mes?

5. What is Pri on?

6. Defi ne one gene one enzy me hypot hesis.

7. Co mment on overlappi ng genes.

8. Gi ve t wo charact eristics of genetic code. [8x1=8 Mar ks]

PART B


9. Bri efl y expl ai n symbi ont hypot hesis.

10. Descri be cell theory.

11. Di fferentiate het erochromati n and euchromati n.

12. What are t he post transcriptional modificati ons of m- RNA.

13. Expl ai n si gnali ng mol ecules.

14. What is the role of cyclic AMP.

15. Gi ve an account of Pol ytene Chr omosomes..

16. What are transposons?

17. What are sui ci dal bags of the cells? Why are t hey called so?

18. Co mment on unit me mbrane hypot hesis. [6x2=12 Mar ks]

PART C


19. Li st the maj or functi ons of Gol gi body.

20. Descri be the struct ure of Pr okaryotic Ri bosome

21. Wr it e not es on t he structure of t RNA.

22. Gi ve an account on lac operon.

23. Expl ai n the struct ure and functi on of nucleosome.

24. Descri be Hershy Chase Experi ment. [4x4=16 Mar ks]

PART D


25. Wr it e an essay on Prophase I of Mei osis.

26. Descri be the struct ure and functi ons of nucleus and its components

27. Wr it e an essay on Cell per meability.

28. Expl ai n the maj or events in prot ei n synt hesis.

[2x12= 24 Mar ks]



61

SEMESTER V

ZOO5 ETD - CORE COURSE 06

ENVI RONMENTAL BI OLOGY, TOXI COLOGY AND

DI SASTER MANAGEMENT

54 hrs

Credits 3

Obj ecti ves

To i mpart basi c knowl edge on ecosyst e ms and t heir functi oni ng

To l earn about vari ous t ypes of ant hropogenic pressures on ecosyste m, rel at ed

degradati on and management measures

To st udy t oxi cants, t heir i mpacts on hu man healt h and environment and re medi al

measures

To creat e awareness about disasters, preventi on and miti gati on measures

Pre-requi site:

Basi c knowl edge on ecosyst e m, food chai n, food web and energy fl ow

General awareness on pollution and t heir i mpacts

PART I: ENVI RONMENTAL BI OLOGY (44 Hrs)

Mo dul e I – Introducti on (2 hrs)

Hi st ory, devel opment

Scope, branches..

Mo dul e II – Ecosyste ms (20 hrs)

Concept, classificati on

Terrestrial ecosyst e m

Abi otic/ bi otic components ( Brief descri pti on onl y)

Interacti ons

Cl assificati on ( Types)

Forest

Desert

Gr assland

Causes of land degradation wit h speci al reference to Keral a

Freshwat er ecosyst e m

Physi co che mi cal nat ure ( Brief descri pti on onl y)

Types – Lentic, Lotic

Gr ound wat er

Threat t o freshwat er resources of Keral a

Wat ershed manage ment

Mari ne ecosyst e m

Physi co che mi cal nat ure ( Brief descri pti on onl y)

Interti dal zone

Rocky shore

Muddy shore

Sandy shore

Coral reefs

Open sea

Pel agic real m



62

Bent hi c real m

Wetl and and mangr oves

Est uaries

Conventi on on wetlands ( Ra msar, 1971)

Ra msar sites i n Keral a –threats and conservati on aspects

Mo dul e III – Man and Envi ronment (8 hrs)

Nat ural resources

Introducti on (concept)

Ener gy resources

Conventi onal

Non conventi onal

Inexhausti ble

Ener gy conservati on measures

Mo dul e I V – Gl obal envi ronment al changes (9 hrs)

Gl obal war mi ng

Gr een house effect

Ozone depl eti on

Cl i mat e change ( Brief descri pti on onl y)

Defi niti on- recent devel op ment s

Kyot o prot ocol

IPCC/ UNFCC

Car bon credit

Car bon sequestration

Car bon tradi ng

Mo dul e V – Muni ci pal Soli d Waste (3 hrs)

Pl astic poll uti on

Types of plastics

Pr obl e ms of plastics

Ma nage ment strategi es

Bi owastes and t heir manage ment. –aerobi c and anaerobi c syste ms.

e- wast e

Maj or t ypes and sources

Toxi c i ngredi ents

Effects on environment and human healt h ( Brief descri ption onl y)

Ma nage ment strategi es

Mo dul e V – Local envi ronment al issues (2 hrs)

I mpact of t ouris m on ecology

Landscape changes

PART II. DISASTER MANAGE MENT AND TOXI COLOGY (10 Hrs)

Mo dul e VI – Di saster Ma nage ment (5 hrs)

Defi niti on

Cl assificati on

Nat ural



63

Ant hropogeni c

Hybri d

Eart hquake

Landsli de

Fl ood

Dr ought

Cycl one

Tsuna mi

Mi ti gati on measures

Mo dul e VII: Toxi col ogy (5 hrs)

Defi niti on

Hi st ory of t oxicol ogy

Cl assificati on – occurrence/ source

Rol e of t oxicol ogy

Toxi cants of bi ol ogi cal origi n

Affl at oxi n

Bot uli num t oxi n

Heavy met al toxi cants

Food additi ves



64

ZOO6 EDEZ( P)- PRACTI CAL 06

ENVI RONMENTAL BI OLOGY, TOXI COLOGY & DI SASTER MANAGE MENT

36 hrs

Credit 1

1. Esti mati on of dissol ved oxygen

2. Esti mati on of dissol ved carbon di oxi de

3. Esti mati on of Soil Or ganic Carbon( De monstration onl y)

4. Pl ankt on count

5. Identificati on of freshwater/ mari ne pl ankt on

6. Extracti on of soil organisms( De monstration onl y)

7. Identificati on of mi nerals and rocks

8. Sechi disc, Pl ankt on Net

9. Co mpul sory Fiel d St udy report on one Terrestrial/ Mari ne/ Fresh

wat er ecosyst e m

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO5 ETD - ENVI RONMENTAL BI OLOGY, TOXI COLOGY & DISASTER

MANAGE MENT


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 2 1 1/ 0 0/ 0 0 3

Mo dul e II 20 2 2 2 1 26

Mo dul e III 8 1 2 1/ 0 1 20/ 16

Mo dul e I V 9 1 2 1 1/ 0 19/ 7

Mo dul e V 5 0 0 1 0/ 1 4/ 16

Mo dul e VI 5 1 2 1/ 0 1/ 0 21/ 17

Mo dul e VII 5 2 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 4/ 20



65

MODEL PAPER

B. Sc. DEGREE ( C. B. C. S. S.) EXAMI NATI ON


ZOO5 ETD - ENVI RONMENTAL BI OLOGY, TOXI COLOGY & DISASTER

MANAGE MENT


PART A


1. Defi ne ecol ogy

2. What do you know about carbon credits?

3. What are petropl ants?

4. Defi ne poll uti on?

5. What is Bot ulis m?

6. Defi ne an e- wast e

7. What do you know about Savannah ?

8. Defi ne li mnol ogy (8 1= 8mar ks)

PART B


9. What are t he advant ages and li mits of sol ar energy?

10. Write briefl y on vari ous typres of Fl oods?

11. What is Kyot o prot ocol ?

12. Wr it e a note on t he energy conservati on measures ?

13. In what manner t he destructi on of ozone layer is occuri ng?

14. Me nti on t he causes of land sli des?

15. Di sti nguish bet ween lentic and l otic ecosyst e m?

16. Me nti on four adapt ati ons of deep sea ani mals?

17. Wr it e briefl y on vari ous types of Pl astics?

18. Gi ve an account on Therapeutic Index. ?

(6 2= 12 mar ks)

PART C


19. Wr it e an account on t he adapt ati ons exhi bited by rocky shore ani mals

20. Co mment on t he threats of freshwat er poll ution with speci al reference t o Kerala

21. Bri efl y descri be the sources and t ypes of e- wast e?

22. Gi ve an account on classification of t oxicants?

23. What are t he miti gati on measures of fl ood?

24. What are t he effects of ozone depl eti on? (4x 4 =16 mar ks)

PART D


25. Descri be the probl e ms associ at ed wit h pl astic wastes and t he manage ment strategi es t o dispose

the m?

26. Identify and descri be the different t ypes of disasters?

27. Expl ai n about t he maj or Ra msar sites i n kerala and about t he ecol ogi cal si gnificance of wet

lands?

28. Bri efl y descri be the renewabl e resources of energy wit h exa mpl es.

(12 2= 24 mar ks)



66

SEMESTER V

ZOO5 EZE- CORE COURSE 07

EVOLUTI ON, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND ETHOLOGY

54 hrs

Credits 3

Obj ecti ves:

To acquire knowl edge about t he evol uti onary histor y of eart h (livi ng and non li vi ng)

To learn vari ous tools and techni ques for evol uti onary st udi es

To st udy t he distri buti on of ani mals on eart h, its pattern, evol uti on and causati ve fact ors

To i mpart basi c knowl edge on ani mal behavi oural patterns and t heir role

Prerequi site:

Basi c knowl edge on pri nci pl es of i nheritance and variati on

Kno wl edge on mol ecul ar basis of i nheritance

Basi c understandi ng on the mechanis m and fact ors affecti ng evol uti on

Kno wl edge on ori gi n and evol uti on of man, Evi dences of Evol uti on.

PART I – EVOLUTI ON (30 hrs)

Mo dul e I – Ori gi n of life (5 hrs)

Introducti on

Ori gi n of uni verse

Che mi cal evol uti on

Mi ll er- Urey experi ment

Hal dane and Opari n theory

Mo dul e II – Theori es of organi c evol uti on (7 hrs)

La marckis m

Critical anal ysis of La marck‘s propositi ons

Wei s man‘s ger mpl as m t heory

Mut ati on t heory.

Dar wi nis m.

Critical anal ysis of Dar winis m

Moder n Synt hetic t heory( Neo Dar wi nis m)

Neutral theory of mol ecular evol uti on

Mo dul e III – Popul ati on genetics and evol uti on (6 hrs)

Genetic basis of variati on

Har dy Wei nberg equili brium

Change i n gene frequencies

Fact ors affecti ng gene frequenci es (brief account onl y)

Mo dul e I V – Evol uti on above speci es level (8 hrs)

Adapti ve radi ati on

Mi cr oevol uti on

Macr oevol uti on

Evol uti on of horse

Me ga evol uti on

Punct uat ed equili bri um

Speci ati on -Phyl etic and True- Sympatric and Allopatric.



67

Evol uti on of horse.

Mo dul e V – Geol ogi cal ti me scale (4 hrs)

Geol ogi cal dati ng wit h radi oacti ve ele ments

Mass exti ncti on

PART II – ZOOGEOGRAPHYAND ETHOLOGY (24 hrs)

Mo dul e VI – Zoogeography: Introducti on (5 hrs)

Ori gi n of oceans and conti nents

Pl at etect oni cs – conti nental drift

Zoogeographi cal real ms

Insular fauna- Conti nent al Islands eg Medagascar.

Oceani c Islands eg Gal apagos.

Bi ogeography of India – wi t h speci al reference t o West ern Ghats

Mo dul e VII – Ani mal distri buti on (5 hrs)

Types and means of animal distri buti on

Barriers i n ani mal distributi on.

.

Mo dul e VIII – Et hol ogy (1 hr)

Defi niti on

Hi st ory and scope of et hol ogy

Mo dul e I X – Learni ng and i mpri nti ng (7 hrs)

Types of learni ng wit h exa mpl es

Experi ments by K. Lorenz

Mo dul e X – Et hol ogy of man (4hrs)

Soci obi ol ogy and evol ution of human behavi our

Pri mat es and human socio groups

Hu man pheromones

Mo dul e XI–Ecol ogy and behavi our (2 hrs)

Nat ural selection and behavi our

Ecol ogy of relati onshi p

Do mi nance, Co mpetiti on



68

ZOO6 EDEZ( P)- PRACTI CAL 07

EVOLUTI ON, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND ETHOLOGY

36 hrs

Credit 1

1. Identificati on of Zoogeographi cal real ms usi ng map

2. St udy on ende mi c speci es of each real m

3. Identificati on of different stages of horse evol uti on

4. St udy on Ho mol ogy / Anal ogy

5. St udy on connecti ng li nks

6. Pheromone traps

7. Ski nner box/ T Maze

8.Identificati on of behavi our showi ng pi ct ures

9. Experi ment t o de monstrate phot ot axis usi ng Dr osophila/ House fly

10. Experi ment t o de monstrate che mot axis usi ng Dr osophila/ House fly

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO5 EZE - EVOLUTI ON, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND ETHOLOGY


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 5 1/ 0 1 0 1 15/ 14

Mo dul e II 7 1/ 0 1 1 0/ 1 7/ 18

Mo dul e III 6 1 1 0 1/ 0 15/ 3

Mo dul e I V 8 1 1 1 1 19

Mo dul e V 4 0/ 1 1 1 0 6/ 7

Mo dul e VI 5 1 1 0 0/ 1 3/ 15

Mo dul e VII 5 0/ 1 1 1 0 6/ 7

Mo dul e VIII 1 1 0/ 1 0 0 1/ 3

Mo dul e I X 7 1/ 0 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 15/ 6

Mo dul e X 4 0/ 1 1/ 0 1/ 0 0 6/ 1

Mo dul e XI 2 1 1 1 0 7



69

MODEL PAPER

B. Sc. DEGREE ( C. B. C. S. S.) EXAMI NATI ON


ZOO5 EZE - EVOLUTI ON, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND ETHOLOGY


PART A


1. What are Coacervat es?

2. Co mment on t he Theory of use and disuse

3. Defi ne Genetic Drift.

4. What is a de me?

5. Defi ne Zoogeography.

6. Na me t wo branches of et hol ogy.

7. Write not es on Conditional learni ng.

8. Co mment on competition.

(8 1= 8 mar ks)

PART B


9. Expl ai n carbon dati ng.

10. Disti nguish bet ween mi cro and macroevol uti on.

11. Expl ai n the Theory of Pansper mi a

12. Expl ai n La marckis m

13. Write not es on modes of distri buti on of ani mals.

14. Expl ai n conti nent al drift

15. Briefl y expl ai n i mprinti ng

16. Write not es on territ orial behavi or

17. Expl ai n gene mut ati on.

18. Descri be Altruis m and Cooperati on.

(6 2= 12 mar ks)

PART C


19. Expl ai n the theory of nat ural selecti on

20. What is speci ation? Descri be different types of speci ati on.

21. Co mment on t he Geological ti me scal e.

22. How nat ural selecti on hel ps i n evol vi ng behavi our?

23. Gi ve an account on soci al organi zati ons in primat es

24. Descri be different types of ani mal distri buti on (4 4= 16 mar ks)

PART D


25. Expl ai n horse evol ution as a t ypi cal exa mpl e of ort hogenesis

26. What is Hardy Wei nberg equili bri um? Gi ve an account on t he vari ous fact ors whi ch upset this

equili bri um.

27. Write an essay on various t ypes of learni ng.

28. Gi ve an account on bioche mi cal evol uti on of life

(12 2= 24 mar ks)



70

SEMESTER V

ZOO5 BHP- CORE COURSE 08

BI OCHE MI STRY, PHYSI OLOGY AND ENDOCRI NOLOGY

54 hrs

Credits 3

Part I. BI OCHE MI STRY18 Hours

Mo dul e 1 - GENERAL BI OCHE MI STRY, BIOELE MENTS AND BIOMOLECULES

4 hrs

Car bohydrat es, pr ot ei n and li pi ds – struct ure of basic co mpounds, cl assificati ons wit h exa mpl es

and its bi ol ogi cal i mportance.

Mo dul e -2 METABOLI S M 9 hrs

Car bohydrat e met abolism- Gl ycol ysis, gl ycogenol ysis, gl uconeogenesis, gl ycol ysis –citric aci d

cycl e, ATP synt hesis, Hexose, monophosphat e shunt

Li pi d met abolis m- Bi osynt hesis and oxi dati on of f att y aci ds- Bet a oxi dation, Physi ol ogi call y

i mportant compounds synt hesized from chol esterol.

Pr ot ei n met abolis m- Deami nati on, transa mi nati on, trans met hyl ati on, decarboxyl ati on, or nit hi ne

cycl e.

Mo dul e 3- ENZYMES 4 hrs

Che mi cal nat ure of enzymes, mechanis m of enzyme acti on, fact ors i nfl uenci ng enzyme acti on

(te mperat ure, pH, enzy me concentration, substrate concentration), enzy me acti vati on, enzy me

inhi biti on, all osteric enzyme, isoenzymes, co-enzyme.

Part II. HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY 26 Hrs

Mo dul e 4- NUTRI TI ON 5 hrs

Nutrients, classificati on, RDA, Bal anced di et.

Anti oxi dants and functi ons, Mi neral met abolis m, Rol e of Ca, Fe, Na, K, andP. Rol e of vita mi ns

Food adulteration, Defects of modern f ood habits (i mport ance of fi bers i n f ood), wei ght

control, nutrition duri ng pregnancy, breast feeding, anorexi a, aci dit y and ul cers, flat ul ence,

fasti ng and its si gnificance, malfuncti ons of gastro i ntesti nal tract.

Mo dul e 5 - RESPI RATI ON 5 hrs

Gas transport, Fact ors affecti ng transport of respirat ory gases t hrough bl ood, oxy-he mogl obi n

curve, Bohr effect, reverse Bohr effect, Hal dane effect, neural (vol unt ary and aut omatic) and

che mi cal control ( menti on t he rol e of caroti d and aortic bodi es) of respiration, s moki ng and its

physi ol ogi cal effects, carbon monoxi de poisoni ng, oxygen t oxicit y, nitrogen narcosis,

dysbaris m, oxygen t herapy, artificial respiration, respirat ory disorders –hypoxi a, hypocapni a,

hypercapni a, asphyxi a.

Mo dul e 6–CI RCULATI ON 4 hrs

Cerebral circul ati on, bl ood brai n barrier and cerebrospi nal fl ui d, Hae modyna mi c pri nci pl es,

for mati on and fat e of blood cells, Bl ood co mpositi on , bl ood cl otti ng mechanis m – i ntri nsi c

and extri nsic pat hways, cl otti ng fact ors, anticoagul ants, bl ood transfusi on (safet y and securit y

pr obl e ms), menti on haemost asis, hae mol ysis, jaundi ce, thrombosis, ESR.



71

Mo dul e 7 –EXCRETI ON 4 hrs

Ur ea cycl e (i n det ail), renal handli ng of i ndi vi dual subst ances eg. gl ucose, sodi um, urea, wat er,

fact ors affecti ng GFR, concept of pl as ma cl earance, aci d base bal ance and ho meostasis, ki dney

disorders – acut e renal f ail ure, chroni c renal fail ure- gl omer ul ar nephritis, pyel onephritis,

nephr otic syndrome and ki dney st ones.

Mo dul e 8- MUSCLE PHYSI OLOGY 3hrs

Ultra struct ure of striated muscle. Mechanis m of muscle contracti on. Bi ochemi stry of muscle

contracti on,isot oni c and isometric contracti on.

El ectrical, che mi cal and mor phol ogi cal changes and i oni c fl uxes duri ng contracti on of striat ed

muscl e fi bre, Cori cycl e, el ectrophysi ol ogy of muscle, t hreshol d and spike pot entials, si mpl e

muscl e t wit ch, whol e muscl e contracti on, isotoni c and i sometric contraction, l at ent and

refract ory peri ods, summati on, beneficial effect, superpositi on cur ve, t etanus, t onus, st aircase

pheno menon, fati gue, oxygen debt, ri gor mortis.

Mo dul e 9 –NEUROPHYSI OLOGY 3hrs, Synaptic

trans mi ssi on & pr operties of synapses, neurotrans mitters, rol e of dopami ne and serot oni n.

EEG, me mor y, short t erm and l ong t er m sl eep, drea m, Neural disorders- dysl exia, Parki nson‘s

di sease, epilepsy, Al zheimer‘s disease, schi zophreni a.

Mo dul e 10 -SPORTS PHYSI OLOGY 2hrs

Muscul ar, Respirat ory and cardi ovascul ar changes duri ng exercise, dope test, drug abuse.

Si gnificance of exercise in body fit ness. ( Guyt on pp 968-978)

Part III ENDOCRI NOLOGY 11 hrs

Mo dul e 11 5 hrs

Hor mones as messengers, cl assificati on and t ypes of hor mones. General princi pl es of hor mone

acti on, Concept of hor mone recept ors, hor monal control of homeostasis.

Mo dul e 12 6 hrs

Secreti on, Regul ati on, Functi ons and Di sorders of hor mones of Hypot halamus, Hypophysis,

Pi neal, Thyr oi d, Parat hyroi d, Thy mus, Islets of Langerhans, Adr enal, Gonads, Pl acent a, Gastro

intesti nal hor mones.



72

ZOO6 BHRD( P) - PRACTI CAL 08

BI OCHE MI STRY HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY AND ENDOCRI NOLOGY

36 hrs

Credit1

PHYSI OLOGY

1) Det er mi nati on of haemogl obi n cont ent of bl ood

2) Tot al RBC count usi ng Hae mocyt omet er

3) Tot al WBC count usi ng Hae mocyt omet er

4) Esti mati on of PCV

5) Effect of hypert oni c, hypot oni c and isot oni c soluti ons on t he di a met er of RBC.

6) Instruments: Ky mograph, Sphyg mo mano met er and St et hoscope (pri nci ple and use)

7) Measure ment of bl ood pressure usi ng a sphyg mo mano met er (de monstration)

ENDOCRI NOLOGY

1. Cockroach – Cor pora cardi aca &Cor pora allata ( De monstration)

2. Hu man hor monal disorders ( Di agra ms/ Phot ographs)

BI OCHE MI STRY

1. Qualitati ve anal ysis of prot ei n, gl ucose, starch and lipi ds

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO5 BHP- BI OCHEMI STRY HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY AND ENDOCRI NOLOGY


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 4 1 1 1/ 0 0 7/ 3

Mo dul e II 9 1 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 15/ 7

Mo dul e III 4 1/ 0 1 1 0 7/ 6

Mo dul e I V 5 1/ 0 1 0 0 3/ 2

Mo dul e V 5 0/ 1 1 1 0/ 1 6/ 19

Mo dul e VI 4 1 1 0/ 1 1 15/ 19

Mo dul e VII 4 1 1 1/ 0 0 7/ 3

Mo dul e

VIII 3 1 1 1/ 0 1 19/ 15

Mo dul e I X 3 0/ 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 12/ 7

Mo dul e X 2 0 1/ 0 0 0 2/ 0

Mo dul e XI 5 1/ 0 0/ 1 1/ 0 0 5/ 2

Mo dul e XII 6 0/ 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 0/ 1 2/ 17



73

MODEL PAPER



ZOO5 BHP: BI OCHEMI STRY, HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY & ENDOCRI NOLOGY


PART A


1. What is Gl ycogenesis ?

2. Defi ne steroi d? Gi ve an exa mpl e?

3. Na me t he gland whi ch secret es (a) Mel at oni n (b) Al dost erone?

4. Defi ne Ri gor mortis?

5. St at e All or None La w?

6. What is asphyxi a ?

7. Na me any one deficiency disease caused by (a) vitami n C (b) vita mi n A

8. Gi ve an exa mpl e for (a) ureot elis m (b) uricot elism?

(8 1= 8mar ks)

PART B


9. Gi ve t he i mport ance of breast feedi ng

10. Expl ai n the Bohr effect

11. Descri be the fate of RBC

12. Disti nguish bet ween gl omer ul ar nephritis & Pyelonephritis

13. Disti nguish bet ween fats and oils

14. Defi ne the ter ms (a) isoenzy mes (b) coenzymes

15. Descri be the second messenger concept i n hor mone acti on

16. Di fferentiate bet ween striated and s moot h muscl e

17. Wr it e briefl y on Dysl exia

18. What is Dopi ng?

(6 2= 12mar ks)

PART C


19. Descri be the bi oche mi cal changes duri ng muscle contracti on

20. Gi ve an account of (a) Alzhei mer‘s disease (b) Schi zophreni a

21. Bri efl y descri be disorders due t o t he deficiency of Iron and cal ci um.

22. Expl ai n the bi ol ogi cal functi ons of prot ei ns.

23. Wr it e briefl y on any 4 fact ors i nfl uenci ng enzymes acti vit y.

24. Expl ai n the hor monal control of homeostasis.

(4 4= 16mar ks)

PART D


25. Descri be the mechanis m of bl ood cl otti ng in man.

26. Descri be the vari ous steps i nvol ved i n t he cat abolis m of gl ucose.

27. Expl ai n the bi osynt hesis, secreti on, regul ation, functi ons and disorders of thyr oxi ne?

28. Defi ne synapse. Gi ve an account of t he properties of Synapse?

(12 2= 24mar ks)



74

SEMESTER VI

ZOO6 RDB - CORE COURSE 09

REPRODUCTI VE AND DEVELOP MENTAL BI OLOGY

54 hrs

Credits 3

Mo dul e 1 10 hrs

Introducti on

Scope of devel opmental bi ol ogy, defi niti on, sub- di visi ons ( Descripti ve, Co mparati ve,

Experi ment al and Che mical). Earl y hi st ory of e mbr yol ogy. ( Prefor mation and Epi genesis,

Recapit ul ation t heory or Bi ogenetic law, Ger mpl as m t heory ( Wei s man)

Reproducti ve Organs and Ga met ogenesis.

Hu man reproducti ve organs and ga met ogenesis (brief account) si gnificance.

Egg types.

Cl assificati on of eggs, based on t he a mount, di stri buti on and positi on of yol k. Mosai c,

regul ative and cl ei doi c eggs. I nfl uence of yol k on devel opment. Pol arit y, symmetry and egg

cont ent.

Sexual cycl e

Estrus cycl e (non-pri mate) and menstrual cycl e (pri mat e cycl e). Hor monal control of

menstrual cycl e.

Fertilizati on

Appr oach and bi ndi ng of sper mat ozoa, acti vati on of t he egg, a mphi mi xis. Part henogenesis

(brief account) nat ural and artificial. Arrhenot oky, Thel yt oky, Obli gat ory and Facultati ve

Si gnificance

Mo dul e II 18 hrs

Cl eavage

Types, pl anes of cl eavage (radi al and spiral with exa mpl es) Cell li neage ( brief account).

Hol obl astic (equal, unequal) and Mer obl astic cl eavage ( discoi dal and superficial). Patterns of

cl evage (radi al , bilateral and rot ative). Infl uence of yol k on cleavage.

Bl ast ul ati on

Bl ast ul a f or mati on, Types of bl ast ul a (coel obl astula, st ereobl ast ula, Di scobl ast ul a, Bl ast ocyst

wi t h exa mpl es).

Fate maps

Concept of fat e maps, constructi on of fat e maps. ( artificial and nat ural). A t ypi cal vertebrat e

fate maps. Si gnificance of fate map.

Gastrul ati on

Defi niti on, Mor phogenetic cell move ments ( brief account). Epi bol y, Embol y (i nvagi nati on,

invol uti on , del a mi nati on , convergence, di vergence i nfiltrati on). Concept of ger m l ayers

(brief account) and its derivati ves.

Cell differenti ati on and gene acti on —wi t h special reference to Drosophil a.

Toti pot ency, Pl euri potency, Uni pot ency of e mbr yoni c cells. Det er mi nati on and differentiati on

in e mbr yoni c devel opment, Gene acti on, control of gene expressi on. (brief accounts)

E MBRYOLOGY OF FROG - Ga met es, Fertilization, cleavage, bl ast ulation,fat e

map, gastrul ation, not ogenesis , neurulati on, devel op ment of ner vous syst e m and sense

or gans(eye onl y) Met a mor phosis (brief account onl y)



75

Mo dul e III 18 hrs

Embryol ogy of chi ck

Struct ure of egg, fertilization, cl eavage, bl ast ul ation, gastrul ation. Menti on bri ef account of 18

hour chi ck e mbr yo and 24 hour chi ck e mbr yo. Extra e mbr yoni c me mbranes in chi ck.

Hu man devel opment

Bl ast ocyst, foet al me mbranes and pl acent a. Types of pl acent a ( brief account). Cl assificati on of

pl acent a based on

Nat ure of cont act.

Mode of i mpl ant ation.

Hi st ol ogi cal i nti macy of foet al and mat ernal tissue.

Functi ons of placent a.

Experi ment al e mbryol ogy.

Spe mann‘s constricti on experi ments, Or gani zer and e mbr yoni c i nducti on. I nvitro fertilizati on

(test tube baby) Amni ocent esis, Embr yo transfer technol ogy, Cl oni ng, St em cell research.

Ge neral Topi cs

1. Regenerati on i n ani mals

2. Pl acent ation i n ma mmal s and t heir significance.

3. Hu man i nt erventi on i n reproducti on- contracepti on & birt h control, Aborti on –

bi ol ogi cal aspects, Et hical issues, Infertility, IVF, GI FT, & ZI FT (Intra fall opi an

transfer ga met e/ zygot e)

Mo dul e I V 8 hrs

Terat ol ogy / Dys morphol ogy.

Defi niti on, Terat ogen / Terat ogeni c agents. Ionizing radi ation, i nfecti on (herpes virus, parvo

virus- B 19, rubella virus, syphilis, cyt omegal ovirus , toxopl as mosis).

Devel opment al defects

Prenat al deat h ( mi scarriage and still birt h). Intraut eri ne Gr owt h Ret ardation (I UGR)

Congenital abnor malities (bi rt h defects)

Struct ural defects ( malfor mati on, defor mati on, disrupti on) functi onal defects. (i nborn errors of

met abolis m, ment al retardati on).

Causes of malfor mati on. (bri ef accounts.)

Genetic disorders (si ngl e gene defects)

Chr omoso me aberration, aneupl oi dy (numeri cal abnor malities.

Struct ural abnor malities (del eti on, i nserti on and re-arrange ments)

Chr omoso mal mosaicis ms

Environment al fact ors. (ext ernal fact ors)

Che mi cals, drugs, hor mones and vita mi ns.

Multifact orial and i di opathic disorders



76

ZOO6 BHRD( P) - PRACTI CAL 9

REPRODUCTI VE AND DEVELOP MENTAL BI OLOGY

36 hrs

Credit 1

Practical

Mo del/ Chart/ Sli de/ speci men may be used for ite ms 1 to 5

1. Embr yol ogi cal st udies- Blast ula (frog, chi ck)

2. Embr yo transfer, cl oni ng, gastrul a (frog, chi ck)

3. Amni ocent esis

4. St udy of placent a- pi g and man

5. 18 hour, 24 hour, 33 hour and 48 hour chi ck e mbryo (18-48 hrs, any four slides).

6. Candli ng met hod.

7. Vit al stai ni ng- (chi ck e mbr yo)-{Has t o be done by every st udent.

8. GSI. Gonado So mati c Index( De monstration onl y)

9. St udy of mal e and fe male reproducti ve syst e m of a teleost fish/ cockroach

( Di ssect and displ ay, sketch and label)

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO6 RDB - REPRODUCTI VE AND DEVELOP MENTAL BI OLOGY


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 10 2 2 0/ 1 1 18/ 22

Mo dul e II 18 3/ 2 3 3/ 2 1 33/ 28

Mo dul e III 18 2/ 3 3 2/ 3 2/ 1 40/ 33

Mo dul e I V 8 1 2 1/ 0 0/ 1 9/ 17



77

MODEL PAPER


SI XTH SEMESTER - CORE COURSE

ZOO6 RDB - REPRODUCTI VE AND DEVELOP MENTAL BI OLOGY


PART A


1. What is recapit ul ation theory?

2. Descri be bl ast ocyst.

3. What is Toti potency of embr yoni c cells. .

4. Disti nguish bet ween Obli gat ory and Facultati ve Part henogenesis.

5. Wit h an exa mpl e defi ne arrhenot oky.

6. What is the effect of i oni zi ng radi ation on t he embr yo?.

7. Na me any t wo organisms i n whi ch spiral cleavage is seen.

8. What is ste m cell? (8 x 1 = 8)

PART B


9. Expand: GI FT and I UGR.

10. Descri be the struct ure of a sper m.

11. Expl ai n the theory of epi genesis.

12. Write not es on different t ypes of blast ul a.

13. Dra w t he fate map of a chordat e bl ast ul a.

14. Na me t he foet al me mbranes in chi ck. Write any one functi on t o each.

15. What is corpus l uteum? Menti on its functi on.

16. Write a note on 18 hours chi ck e mbr yo.

17. Expl ai n Ger mpl as m theor y.

18. Descri be Amni ocent esis.(6 x 2 = 12)

PART C


19. Descri be the steps i n I VF.

20. Gi ve an account of devel opment of Frog eye

21. Expl ai n Spe mann‘s constricti on experi ments.

22. Expl ai n 24 hours chick e mbr yo.

23. Expl ai n classificati on of eggs.

24. What is estrous cycl e? Expl ai n it.

(4 x 4= 16)

PART D


25. Ill ustrate t he mechanis m of fertilizati on wit h suitabl e diagra ms.

26. Write an essay on Terat ol ogy.

27. Expl ai n Regenerati on in ani mals

28. Write an essay on different t ypes of placent a and its functi ons.

(2 x 12= 24)



78

SEMESTER VI

ZOO6 GBT - CORE COURSE 10

GENETI CS AND BI OTECHNOLOGY

54 hrs

Credits 3

Part I GENETI CS 34 hrs

Modul e -I

Introducti on: Scope and i mportance of genetics, Bri ef expl anati on of

the f oll owi ng t er ms- gene, alleles, genot ype, phenot ype, geno me,

ho mozygous and het erozygous, wil d t ype and mut ant alleles,

do mi nant and r ecessi ve t raits, t est cross and back cr oss, reci procal

cross, Mendelis m – Me ndel‘s l aws , Mendelian traits i n man

Chr omoso me t heory of heredit y.

2 hrs

Modul e –II

Interacti on of genes: Al l elic and non All elic. Al l elic- i nco mpl et e

do mi nance Co- do mi nance Non allelic i nteracti ons, – compl e ment ary

suppl e ment ary, epistasis – do mi nant (feat her col our i n f owl ) and

recessi ve (coat col our i n mi ce) Pol ygenes ( Ski n col our i nheritance i n

man) pl ei otropis m, modi fyi ng genes, l et hal genes ( Bri ef account wit h

one exa mpl e each) Multiple alleles(eg) Coat Colour i n rabbits. Man

ABO bl ood gr oup Rh fact or, Bl ood gr oup and its i nheritance

( Genetic probl e ms related t o t his t opic are incl uded i n practicals)

Genetics and Bi otechnology Chapt er 3 &4.

5 hrs

Modul e-III

Li nkage and recombi nation of genes based on Mor gan‘s wor k i n

Dr osophila ( Co mpl et e and i ncompl et e li nkage) . Li nkage map

Chr omoso me mappi ng ./.

3hrs

Modul e I V

Sex det er mi nati on: Chr omoso me t heory of sex det er mi nati on (sex

chromoso mes and aut oso mes ) chr omoso mal mechanis m ( XX- XO,

XX- XY, Z W- ZZ) Barr bodi es and Lyon hypot heses : Sex

det er mi nati on i n man- rol e of Y chr omoso me. Sex det er mi nati on i n

honey bees. Geni c bal ance t heory. Dr osophila- i nt ersex,

gynandr omor phs. Hor monal I nfl uence on sex det er mi nati on

Environment al infl uence - Her maphr oditis m

3hrs

Modul e V

Mut ati ons, Types of Mut ati ons. Ger mi nal, Sex li nked mut ati ons.

Chr omoso mal mut ati ons - struct ural and nu merical changes. Gene

mut ati on ( poi nt mut ation) Mol ecul ar basis of gene mut ati ons –

taut omeris m- Induced mut ati ons Physi cal and che mi cal mut agens

5hrs

Modul e VI Extra nucl ear i nheritance ( Cyt opl as mi c i nheritance Charact eristics:

Or ganella DNA ( Mi t ochondrial and pl asti d DNA) Kappa particles i n

para meci um.

2hrs

Modul e VII Bacteri al geneti cs; Bacterial geno me Reco mbi nati on i n Bact eria –

Bact erial transfor mati on. Tr ansducti on, conj ugation F medi at ed sex

5hrs



79

ducti on. Resistance transfer fact or ( RTF) Mechanis m of dr ug

resistance i n bact eria Transposabl e genetic el e ments i n bact eria, basi c

components and mechanis ms of transpositi on in bact eria.

Modul e VIII

Hu man Geneti cs: Karyot ypi ng- Nor mal human chr omoso me

compl e ment. Pedi gree Anal ysis Aneupl oi dy and Non di sj uncti on.

Genetic disorders i n Man. Chr omosomal ano malies Aut osomal (eg.

Do wn syndr ome, Edward‘s syndr ome and Cri du chat syndr ome) Sex

chromoso mal ano malies ( Kli nefelter‘s syndro me, and Tur ners

syndrome ) Si ngl e gene disorders Gene mut ati on and di sorders ( Bri ef

menti on) Aut osomal single gene disorders ( Sickle cell anae mi a,

brachydact yl y; i nborn errors of met abolism s uch as phenyl e

ket onuri a, al kapt onuria ). Sex li nked i nheritance. Defi niti on -

charact eristics criss-cross i nheritance. Hae mophilia and col our

bli ndness. Pseudoaut oso mal genes (i ncompl et ely sex-li nked genes

and hol andric genes. Multifact orial di sorders - Pol ygeni c traits -

Cl eft li p and cl eft pal ate. Sex li mited and sex i nfluenced t raits i n man

wi t h exa mpl es. Prenatal Di agnosis ( Amni ocent esis) and chori ovill us

sa mpli ng - Ultrasound scanni ng and Fet oscopy. Genetic counselli ng,

Eugeni cs and Eut heni cs.

9hrs

Part II BI OTECHNOLOGY 20hrs

Modul e I X

Modul e X

Modul e XI

Defi niti on and scope of Bi ot echnol ogy

Basi c aspects of Genetic Engi neeri ng. (6hrs )

Tool s- Enzymes- Restriction enzymes and DNA li gases.

Vect ors- Plas mi ds and Phage vect ors.

Isol ation of gene/ DNA.

Techni ques- Producti on of recombi nant DNA. Briefly menti on

r DNAt ransfer and screeni ng met hods. Cl oni ng i n host cells. Virus

medi at ed gene transfer, DNA medi at ed gene transfer.

General Techni ques in Biotechnol ogy.( 5 hrs)

Techni ques in gene cl oning; PCR t echni que and DNA Amplification.

Bl otti ng Techni ques- Southern Bl otti ng

Nort hern Bl otti ng

Western Bl otti ng

Identificati on of DNA, mRNA, and Prot ei n.

DNA hybri di zati on, Fl uorescence i nsit u Hybri di zati on ( FI SH), Col ony

hybri di zati on.

DNA fi nger pri nti ng and its applicati ons.

RFLP- mar kers Applicati ons. Gene li braries, Geno mi c and c DNA

libraries Hu man DNA library, Constructi on of geno mi c li brary and

c DNA li brary.

St e m cell cult ures, Therapeutic cl oni ng, hu man ES cell cult ures, Hu man

EG cell cult ures and Hu man EC cell cult ures, Pot enti al uses of st e m

cells. Ani mal cell and tissue cult ure.

(1 hr)



80

Modul e

XII

Practical Applicati ons of Bi ot echnol ogy ( Brief account onl y)

Bi ore medi ati on.

Ti ssue cult ure – Pri nci ple and uses

Technol ogy of ma mmalian and pl ant cell cult ure.

Si ngl e cell prot ei n (SCP) The econo mi c i mplicati ons of SCP.

Bi ot echnol ogy and Medici ne:

Gene t herapy

St e m cell therapy

Monocl onal anti bodi es,

Phar maceuticals and Bi ophar maceuticals - Hor mones(i nsuli n,

somat ost atin, i nt erferon, Ly mphoki nes , Cyt oki nes) Anti bi otics,

Vacci nes .

Bi ot echnol ogy i n agricult ure and f orestry – Mi cr obi al i nsectici des,

Resistance of pl ants t o weedi ci des, i nsect pest and mi crobi al di seases.

Pr oducti on of transgeni c pl ants .

Ani mal bi ot echnol ogy – Genetic Engi neeri ng for transgeni c ani mals.

Fer ment ati on technol ogy in food and beverages

(5 hrs)

Modul e

XIII

Pr obl e ms i n Bi ot echnol ogy

Hazards of genetic engi neeri ng Probl e ms of bi ol ogi call y active

bi ot echnol ogy products. Proble ms of bi otechnol ogical

inventi ons: Pat enti ng and Pat ent prot ecti on – Trade secrets Pl ant

breeder‘s ri ghts. Bi owar and bi opiracy

3 hrs



81

ZOO6 CMGB( P) - PRACTI CAL 10

GENETI CS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

36 hrs

Credit 1

1. Genetic probl e ms – (Proble ms from each t ype)

a) Mono and Di hybri d ratio (b) Back cross (c) Multipl e alleles.

2. St udy of barr body i n hu man buccal epit heli um.

3. St udy t hrough phot ographs of t he Karyot ype- Tur ner‘sSyndr ome , Kli nefelters and

Do wn‘s Syndr ome.

4. St udy of the karyot ype and i di ogra m from t he gi ven

phot ograph of somatic met aphase chromoso me-( Hu man)

5. Sexi ng of Dr osophila mel anogast er

6. Isol ation of DNA ( Demonstration)

7. St udy of Pol ymerase Chai n Reacti on ( De monstration)

8. West ern bl otti ng of protei ns from SDS- pol yacryla mi de gel( De monstration)

9. Sout hern bl otti ng of DNA fragments from agarosegel( De monstration)

10. Nort hern Bl otti ng of RNA mol ecul es ( De monstration)

(St udents are expect ed to vi sit t he near by research i nstit ution / Bi ot echnol ogy depart ment s/

research centre, and see the de monstration of practicals 5, 6 7, and 8, / Vi deo showif t hey do not

have such facility i n t heir instit ution)

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO6 GBT - GENETI CS AND BI OTECHNOLOGY


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 2 1/ 0 2 0 0 5/ 4

Mo dul e II 5 1 3/ 2 1 0 11/ 9

Mo dul e III 3 1 0 1 0 5

Mo dul e I V 3 0 1 0 1 14

Mo dul e V 5 0/ 1 0 1 0/ 1 4/ 13

Mo dul e VI 2 0/ 1 0 0 0 0/ 1

Mo dul e VII 5 0 1 0 1 14

Mo dul e VIII 9 2/ 1 2 1 0 8/ 7

Mo dul e I X 1 0/ 1 0 0 0 0/ 1

Mo dul e X 6 1/ 0 0/ 1 0/ 1 1 13/ 18

Mo dul e XI 5 0 0 2/ 1 0 8/ 4

Mo dul e XII 5 1 0 0 1/ 0 13/ 1

Mo dul e XIII 3 1 1 0 0 3



82

MODEL PAPER

B. Sc. ZOOLOGY CORE COURSE –X ( SI XTH SEMESTER)

ZOO6 GBT - PAPER X- GENETI CS AND BI OTECHNOLOGY

Ti me: 3 Hours Maxi mu m: 60 Marks

Part A

Ans wer ALL questi ons. (Each questi on carries 1 mark)

1. What is plei otropis m?

2. Di sti nguish Eugeni cs from Eut heni cs.

3. What is bi opiracy?

4. Di fferentiate test cross fro m back cross.

5. Co mment on Tur ner‘s syndr ome.

6. What are linked genes?

7. What is SCP?

8. What are restricti on enzymes?

(8 1= 8 mar ks)

Part B

Ans wer any SI X questi ons. ( Each questi on carries 2 marks)

9. Co mment on t he Chr omosome t heory of heredit y.

10. What are gynandromor phs?

11. What is a nucleoi d?

12. What is epistasis?

13. Enu merat e t he charact eristics of multiple alleles.

14. Criticall y anal yze Mendel‘s Second law of i nheritance.

15. Descri be Sickle cell anemi a and its genetic aspect.

16. Gi ve an account on pat ent of bi ot echnol ogi cal inventi ons

17. Co mment on codo mi nance.

18. Wr it e not es on Down‘s syndr ome.

(6 2= 12 mar ks)

Part C

Ans wer any FOUR questions. ( Each questi on carries 4 marks)

19. Descri be pol ygenes wit h a suitabl e exa mpl e

20. Expl ai n criss- cross i nheritance. Menti on an exa mpl e.

21. Wr it e briefl y on DNA fi nger pri nting and its applicati ons.

22. What is PCR t echni que?

23. Wr it e not es on t he mol ecul ar basis of gene mut ation.

24. Wr it e not es on Mor gan‘s experi ment on Dr osophi la t o show compl et e and incompl et e

linkage.

(4 4= 16 mar ks)

Part D

Ans wer any TWO; ans wer shoul d not exceed f our pages ( Each questi on carries 12 marks)

25. Descri be the applicati ons of bi ot echnol ogy i n human welfare

26. Expl ai n the mechanis m of drug resistance i n bact eria

27. Defi ne genetic engi neering. Expl ai n the process of r DNA t echnol ogy

28. Descri be the different t ypes of sex det er mi nati on mechanis m seen i n ani mals

(12 2= 24mar ks)



83

SEMESTER VI

ZOO6 MBI CORE COURSE 11

MI CROBI OLOGY AND I MMUNOLOGY

54 hrs

Credits 3

PART I MI CROBI OLOGY 27hrs

Modul e1

Introducti on and Scope of Mi crobi ol ogy

2 hr

Outli ne classificati on of bact eria, fungi, viruses,

Modul e 2 Met hods i n Mi crobi ol ogy

6 hrs

St erilizati on and di si nfecti on. Different met hods, physi cal and che mi cal.

St erilizati on by moi st and dr y heat, by filtrati on, by irradi ati on, preparati on of

cult ure medi a (aerobi c and anaerobi c culti vati on) Sel ecti ve media,

enrichment medi a and di fferential medi a, Pl ati ng techni ques and i sol ati on of

pure col oni es, cult ure preservati on t echni ques – refri geration, deep freezi ng,

freezi ng under liqui d nitrogen and l yophilizati on.

Modul e 3 Mor phol ogy and fi ne struct ure of bact eria, si ze, shape and arrange ments.

Fl agella, Pili, Capsul e, cell wall and its compositi on, Cyt opl asmi c

me mbr ane, pr ot opl ast, spheropl ast, , nucl ear mat erial , cell i ncl usions,

Bact erial spores

5 hrs

Modul e 4 Bact erial Gr owt h, Effect of vari ous fact ors on bacterial growt h. 2 hrs

cell di visi on., Nutritional require ments. Enu meration of bact eria ; Tot al count

& vi able count Bacterial gr owt h curve

Modul e 5 Basi c Virol ogy 3 hrs

Vi r uses - Struct ure of Vi ruses Hu man, Ani mal, Plant and Bact erial Vi ruses.

Replicati on of viruses, cultivation of ani mal and plant viruses. Viral assay

Modul e 6 Infecti ons

Types, Pri mar y and secondary i nfecti ons. Cr oss i nfecti on , nosocomial

infecti on

Infecti on, endogenous and exogenous i nfections, different sources of

infecti ons, cont agi ous di seases ( Epi de mi c, ende mic and pande mi c) modes of

trans mi ssi on of di seases ( by f ood, wat er, air, vect ors, and carriers. Ment ion

different t ypes of carriers, healt hy carriers, conval escent carriers, t e mporar y

and chr oni c carriers, cont act carriers, paradoxical carriers , bact eraemi a,

Septicae mi a

2 hrs

Modul e 7 Di seases caused by di fferent pat hogens, epi de mi ol ogy, sympt omol ogy,

pri nci pl es of l aborat ory di agnosis of Bact erial, viral and f ungal di seases: A

brief st udy of t wo exampl es from each cat egory bact erial: Tubercul osis &

Typhoi d

Vi ral : Infuenza & Poli o

Fungal: Der mat ophyt oses & Candi di asis

7 hrs



84

PART II I MMUNOLOGY 27 hrs

Modul e 8 Introducti on t o i mmunology 4 hrs

Types of i mmunit y, i nnat e i mmunit y, Mechanism of i nnat e i mmunit y (eg.

Barriers, Phagocyt osis, infla mmati on.) acquired - passi ve & acti ve Vaccines

types of vacci nes , live, killed , toxoi ds,recombi nant DNA

Modul e 9 Anti gens Anti bodi es Compl e ments 7hrs

Types of Anti gens, hapt ens, anti geni c det er mi nants. Basi c struct ure of

i mmunogl obuli ns. Di fferent cl asses of i mmunogl obuli ns and f uncti ons

Co mpl e ment syst e m, bi ological effects of compl ement s- a brief st udy

Modul e 10 Anti gen-anti body reactions, Preci pitati on t est, Aggl uti nati on Test, Cli nical

applications of anti gen anti body reacti on : Eg: Wi dal , VDRL , HI V t est

( ELI SA) Co mpl e ment fixati on test, Coo mbs test

7 hrs

Modul e 11 I mmune Response syst em 5 hrs

Pri mar y and secondary l ymphoi d or gans. Cells of t he i mmune syst em –

Leucocyt es, Ly mphocyt es T & B cells, Macr ophages, Pl as ma cells, Me mor y

cells, MHC Anti body synt hesis, pri mar y and secondary responses,

Monocl onal anti bodi es – Hybri doma technol ogy , uses,.

Modul e 12 I mmunopat hol ogy- i mmune disorders

( Hypersensiti vity, aut oi mmunit y and i mmunodeficiency)

4hrs

Di fferent t ypes of hypersensiti vity reacti ons -

Abri ef st udy on anaphylaxis, at opy, , serum sickness and del ayed

hypersensiti vity

Aut oi mmunit y, mechanis ms of aut oi mmuni zati on

A bri ef st udy on aut oi mmune diseases eg. Lymphadenoi d

goiter,t hyrot oxi cosis, rheu mat oi d art hritis and syste mi c l upus eryt he mat osis

Tr anspl antati on I mmunit y - Gr aft rej ecti on , maj or hi st ocompati bilit y,

Hu man l eukocyt e antigen syst e m - ( HLA) i mmuno -suppressi on

I mmunohae mat ol ogy, Immunol ogy of bl ood t ransfusi on, Er yt hrobl astosi s

foet alis.



85

ZOO6 MGBB( P) - Practical 11

MI CROBI OLOGY AND I MMUNOLOGY

36 hrs

Credit 1

1. Instruments –Aut ocl ave, Hot air oven, Bacteri ologi cal i ncubat or – Wor king and use in

Mi cr obi ol ogy lab.

2. Cl eani ng and sterilization of glass wares

3. Preparati on of soli d and li qui d medi a for mi crobi al cult ures. (Ingredi ents, pH and met hod of

preparati on)( De monstration)

(a) Soli d medi a (1) Nut rient agar (2) Mac Conkey‘s agar

(b) Li qui d Medi a (1) Nut rient brot h (2) Peptone wat er.

(c ) Se mi soli d agar

(d) Fir m agar

4. Cult ure met hods ( De monstration)

(a) Streak pl ate technique and isol ation of pure col oni es.

(b) La wn cult ure (c) St ab cult ure

(d) Pour pl ate cult ure

(e) Li qui d cult ure

5. Serial dilution and St andard Plat e Count (SPC) cal culati on of Cf u / ml in well wat er sa mpl e

(de monstration).

6. Exa mi nati on of mi crobes i n livi ng conditi on

(a) Wet mount

(b) Hangi ng drop met hod for de monstrating mot ility of bact eria.

7. Gra m st ai ni ng – preparation, procedure, identificati on of Gra m + ve and Gra m –ve bact eria.

8. Anti bi otic sensiti vity test (de monstration).

9. Preparati on of a fungal s mear – Lact ophenol cottonbl ue stai ni ng and mounti ng

10. Det er mi nati on of ABO bl ood groups and Rh fact or ( Anti gen –anti bodyReacti on)

11. St udy t hrough phot ographs/ illustrati on, t he primar y i mmune ( Bone marrow and t hymus)

and secondary i mmune (spl een and l ymph nodes) organs in Rat/ Man.

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO6 MBI - MI CROBI OLOGY AND I MMUNOLOGY


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 2 0/ 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 0 2/ 5

Mo dul e II 6 1 1 1/ 0 1/ 0 19/ 3

Mo dul e III 5 1 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 3/ 19

Mo dul e I V 2 0/ 1 1/ 0 1/ 0 1/ 0 18/ 1

Mo dul e V 3 0/ 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 0/ 1 1/ 17

Mo dul e VI 2 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 0 5/ 2

Mo dul e VII 7 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 13/ 7

Mo dul e VIII 4 1 1/ 0 1/ 0 0 7/ 1

Mo dul e I X 7 0/ 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 0 2/ 5

Mo dul e X 7 1 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 7/ 15

Mo dul e XI 5 1 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 15/ 7

Mo dul e XII 4 1 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 7/ 15



86

MODEL PAPER



ZOO6 MBI -- MI CROBI OLOGY AND I MMUNOLOGY


PART A


1. What is Lyophilizati on?

2. What are Spheropl ast

3. Defi ne Gl ycol ysis

4. What is Bacterae mi a

5. Causes of Infla mmati on

6. What are Hapt ens?

7. I mport ance of ELI SA t est

8. What are Interferons?(1x8=8)

PART B


9. Wr it e a note on Mycopl as ma

10. What is the difference bet ween flagella and pili in bact eria?

11. Co mment on t he wor ki ng pri nci pl e of aut ocl ave

12. Di fferentiate bet ween gram +ve and gra m –ve bacteria.

13. Co mment on t he carriers of i nfecti on

14. What is erytrobl ast osisfoet alis?

15. What is hypersensiti vity?

16. Bri efl y expl ai n the hybrydo ma technol ogy and its use.

17. What is i mmunodefi ciency?

18. Di scuss about t he cells of i mmune syst e m and t heir role i n provi di ng i mmunit y.

(2x6=12)

PART C


19. Gi ve an account on t he different t ypes of cult ure medi a.

20. Bri efl y expl ai n the growt h cycl e of bact eria.

21. Expl ai n the TCA cycle.

22. Co mment on t he pat hogenesis and prophyl axis of poli omyelitis.

23. Co mment on t he compl ement and its activati on pat hways.

24. What is MHC? (4x4=16)

PART D


25. Wr it e an essay on t he resistance, replicati on and culti vati on of viruses.

26. Wr it e i n det ail about t he nosocomi al i nfecti ons and how it can be prevent ed?

27. What are i mmunogl obulins? Wit h t he hel p of a diagra m expl ai n the struct ure,

cl assificati on and functi ons of i mmunogl obuli ns.

28. What are vacci nes? Briefly expl ai n the recent trends i n t he preparati on of current

vacci nes. (2x12=24)



87

SEMESTER VI

ZOO6 GBB - CORE COURSE 12

GENERAL I NFORMATI CS, BI OI NFORMATI CS AND BI OSTATI STI CS

54 hrs

Credits 3

Part I GENERAL I NFORMATI CS 12 hrs

Mo dul e 1. Introducti on

Mi cr opr ocessors – RAM, ROM, EPROM, Me mor y syst e ms, i nput, out put devi ces. Di sk

operati ng syst e ms, booting, for matting.

Mo dul e 2. Operati ng syste ms:

DOS, Wi ndows, Li nux (onl y basi cs), MS Office ( MS wor d, Excel, Access and Power Poi nt)

comput er pr ogra mmi ng, Net wor ki ng ( LAN, WAN), I nt ernet, Worl d Wi de Web, Dat abases and

infor mati on retrieval.

Ne w t echnol ogy i n Internet

Part II BI OI NFORMATI CS 24 hours

Mo dul e 3 8 hrs

Defi niti on, Nat ure & Scope of Bi oi nfor mati cs - Contrast bet ween Bi oi nfor mati cs and

Co mput ati onal Bi ol ogy; Key Bi o-sequences i n Mol ecul ar Bi ol ogy - DNA, RNA and Ami no-

aci d sequences - Popul ar Dat abases i n Bi oi nfor matics - NCBI, DDJ B, PDB, OMI M; BLAST &

FASTA sequence file for mats, Appr oach of Co mparati ve Bi ol ogy based on sequence

comparison - The basi c idea of sequence co mparison (al gorithms not required) - i dea of scori ng

mat rices

Mo dul e 4 8 hrs.

The Bl ast search engi ne - i mport ant feat ures - Idea of Multi ple sequence ali gnment –

Pr ot eomi cs: Basi c i deas of Pr ot ei n Struct ure prediction- Concept of Ho mology Modeli ng- I dea

of Mol ecul ar Phyl ogenetics - advant ages and co mput ati onal pr ocedure ( only descri ption of use

of a package such as Phylip)-

Mo dul e 5 6 hrs.

Basi c concepts of comput er Ai ded Dr ug Di scovery- General descri ption of dr ug di scover y

pi peli ne- concept of Personalized medi ci ne; Bi oinf or matics t ools: (i) Mol ecul ar Vi sualizati on

Soft ware - Ras mol ( Basic feat ures onl y) - (ii) ORF fi ndi ng (iii) gene fi nding, (iii) BLAST (i v)

Hydr ophobi city Predi ction ( v) Si ngl e Nucl eotide Pol ymor phis m ( SNP) predi cti on usi ng

GENSNI P

Mo dul e 6 Fut ure Prospects: 2 hrs.

1. Hu man brai n Proj ect

2. Co mput er si mul ati on and visualizati on of mol ecular struct ure

3. Pr ot ei n struct ure predi ction.



88

Part III BI OSTATI STICS Total- 18 hrs.

Mo dul e7. Sa mpl e & Sampli ng techni ques 2 hrs

Coll ecti on of dat a, Cl assification of dat a, Frequency distri buti on tabl es,

Gr aphi cal represent ati on: - Bar di agra ms, Hi st ogram, Pi e di agra m and

Frequency curves.

Mo dul e 8. Measures of Central Tendency 3hrs

Mean, Medi an, Mode ( Direct met hod onl y)

Mo dul e 9. Measures of di spersi on 4 hrs

Range, Quartile Devi ation, Mean Devi ati on, Standard Devi ati on, St andar d error. ( Merits &

de merits).

Mo dul e 10. Probability Di stri buti ons 3 hrs

Nor mal, Bi nomi al, Poisson distri buti on ( Bri ef descri pti on onl y)

Mo dul e 11. Correl ati on 4 hrs

Defi niti on, Types of correl ati on.

Mo dul e 12. Test of Hypot hesis and Test of Si gnificance 2 hrs

Basi c concept, Levels of si gnificance, t est of significance, Pr ocedure f or t esti ng hypot hesis,

types of hypot hesis- Null hypot hesis and Alternat e hypot hesis. Chi- square test.

Mo del questi ons of Bi oi nfor matics ( Theory and Practicals)

1. Defi ne bi oi nfor matics. Ho w i s it different from co mput ati onal bi ol ogy?

2. Expl ai n one standard file for mat for bi o-sequences.

3. Expl ai n i mport ant features of NCBI or PDB.

4. How does bi oi nfor matics hel p comparati ve bi ology?

5. Expl ai n how t wo DNA fragments ATTT and TTT can be compared?

6. What are scori ng matrices? Why i s it essential i n sequence co mparison?

7. Expl ai n i mport ant features of BLAST.

8. What is multipl e sequence alignment ? Where is it useful ?

9. What is the need for prot ei n struct ure predi ction?

10. Expl ai n the concept of homol ogy modeli ng.

11. Co mpare mol ecul ar phyl ogenetics wit h traditi onal phyl ogenetics.

12. Expl ai n the process of Tree constructi on usi ng mol ecul ar phyl ogenetics soft ware.

13. Expl ai n the basi c drug discovery pi peli ne.

14. Expl ai n the feat ures of Ras mol.



89

ZOO6 MGBB( P) – PRACTI CAL12

GENERAL I NFORMATI CS, BI OI NFORMATI CS AND BI OSTATISTI CS

36 hrs

Credit 1

1. MS Wor d: Mail merge —Prepari ng mar k sheet of students

2. MS Excel : To creat e mean and medi an

3. MS Access: To creat e grade of st udents

4. Internet: Access a web page on any bi ol ogi cal t opic.

5. Frequency distri buti on of the gi ven sa mpl es t o fi nd out arit hmetic mean, medi an, mode.

6. Range and standard deviati on for a bi ol ogi cal data

7. Correl ation usi ng any biol ogi cal dat a.

8. Do wnl oad a specified sequence from NCBI and search wit h it i n BLAST and report

results wit h comment s.

9. Do wnl oad mol ecul ar struct ure dat a files of DNA, Sugar, Wat er et c and i nspect t he m

through Ras mol. .

10. Do wnl oad a specified DNA sequence from NCBI and i dentify ORF & genes, if any, i n

it.

11. Do wnl oad a specified AA sequence from NCBI and pl ot its hydrophobi city profile.

12. Do wnl oad and st udy at least t wo sa mpl es of genome sequences.

13. Spotters —copi es of genome sequences and prot eins.

14. Gr aphi cal represent ati on of dat a. Constructi on of bar di agra ms, Hi stogra ms, Pi e

di agra m and Li ne graphs.

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO6 GBB - GENERAL I NFORMATI CS, BIOI NFORMATI CS AND BI OSTATI STI CS


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e 1 1/ 2 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 3/ 20

Mo dul e 2 1/ 2 1 1 0 7/ 8

Mo dul e 3 1 1 1 0 7

Mo dul e 4 1 1 1 1/ 0 19/ 7

Mo dul e 5 1 1 0/ 1 0 3/ 7

Mo dul e 6 1/ 0 1 1 1 19/ 18

Mo dul e 7 0/ 1 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 2/ 19

Mo dul e 8 0/ 1 1 1 1 18/ 19

Mo dul e 9 0/ 1 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 2/ 19

Mo dul e 10 0/ 1 1 1 0/ 1 6/ 19

Mo dul e 11 1/ 0 0/ 1 0/ 1 0 1/ 6

Mo dul e 12 1/ 0 0/ 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 1/ 18



90

MODEL PAPER



ZOO6 GBB - GENERAL I NFORMATI CS, BIOI NFORMATI CS AND BI OSTATI STI CS


PART A


1. What is ALU?

2. What is meant by booti ng?

3. What is mol ecul ar phyl ogenetics?

4. Na me any four operating syste m i n a comput er.

5. What is BLAST?

6. What is mean devi ati on?

7. What is bi nomi al distri bution?

8. What is a visualizati on t ool i n bi oi nfor matics?(1x8=8)

PART B


9. Gi ve an account on t he different t ypes of comput ers.

10. Co mment on out put devices.

11. What is meant by computer languages?

12. Di sti nguish bet ween bi oinf or matics and comput ational bi ol ogy

13. Co mment on t he scope of bi oi nfor matics.

14. Co mment on any four bioi nfor matics t ools.

15. What is Chi-square test?

16. What is correlati on?

17. Descri be ROM and RAM

18. Dr a w a frequency pol ygon usi ng t he foll owi ng data

Body wei ght i n Kg 40- 45 45- 50 50- 55 55- 60 60- 65 65- 70

No. of st udents 7 9 13 8 3 1

(2x6=12)

PART C


19. Bri efl y expl ai n the me mor y of a comput er

20. Wr it e not es on comput er languages.

21. What are t he measures of central tendency?

22. What is human brai n project ?

23. Expl ai n comput er ai ded dr ug discovery

24. Cal cul at e t he standard devi ati on and standard error of the foll owi ng distri buti on.

25, 24, 20, 28, 29, 25, 24, 20, 21, 25(4x4=16)

PART D


25. What is a comput er net wor k? Expl ai n the basic services provi ded by t he internet ?

26. Expl ai n the popul ar bi ol ogi cal dat abases and its classification?

27. Gi ve an account on t he test of si gnificance. Describe t he procedure for testing t he

hypot hesis usi ng chi square test as an exa mpl e.

28. Expl ai n the different methods of graphi cal and di agra mmati c present ation of dat a

gi vi ng Eg.

(2x12=24



91


Se mester VI ( V and VI co mbi ned)

ZOO6 BHRD( P) - BI OCHE MI STRY, HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY AND ENDOCRI NOLOGY,

REPRODUCTI VE AND DEVELOP MENTAL BIOLOGY


Certified record – 10 marks ( Credit-1)

( Co mbi ned record of practical 8 and 9)

Part A

I. Usi ng a hae mocyt omet er enumerat e t he tot al RBC/ WBC i n your own bl ood.

a) Enu merati on -3mar ks

b) Pr ocedure -3mar ks

c) Cal cul ati on -2mar ks

Or

Esti mat e t he total count of RBC i n your Bl ood

a) Enu merati on -3mar ks


c) Cal cul ati on and Result -2mar ks

II. Det er mi ne t he age of t he chi ck e mbr yo and write not es on. sket ch and label the

parts.(18hrs/ 24hrs/ 33hrs/48hrs)

a) Identificati on and not es -4mar ks

b) Sket ch and label -4mar ks

Or

Di ssect and Di splay t he mal e /fe mal e reproducti ve syste m of t he gi ven animal. Sketch

and label t he parts.

a) Di ssecti on and displ ay -4mar ks

b) Sket ch and label -4mar ks

Part B

I. Esti mat e t he hae mogl obin cont ent i n your own blood

a) Pr ocedure -2mar ks

b) Result -1mar k

Or

Anal yse any one of t he given sol uti on and report the fi ndi ngs

(Prot ei n / gl ucose/starch/lipi d)

a) Pr ocedure and result -2mar ks

b) Perfor mance skill -1mar k

II. Identify t he fertility of egg usi ng candli ng met hod.

a) Identificati on -1mar k



92


Or

Wr it e down t he pri nci pl e and procedure of vital stai ni ng ( Wi ndow met hod)

a) Pri nci pl e -1mar k


Part C

Ans wer all (2 marks each)

1. Identify and write not es on t he pri nci pl e and use of t he gi ven i nstrument.

(kymograph/ sphyg mo mano met er/stet hoscope)

2. Identify and comment on ( Any one human disorder due to hor monal i mbal ance) / Write

the pri nci pl e for det er mi ni ng t oni city of t he gi ven sol uti on usi ng RBC.

3. Identify t he gi ven sli des/models/chart and comment on / sket ch and label frog bl ast ula/

frog gastrula/ chi ck bl astul a/chi ck gastrula.

Or

Wr it e down t he procedure and met hod of calcul ation of GSI.

4. Identify and comment on placent a of man/ pi g

Or

Wr it e short notes on t he techni ques

( Amni ocent esis/I VF/ cl oning-chart/diagra m)

4x2=8 mar ks

---------------------------------------------



ZOO6 EDEZ( P) - ENVI RONMENTAL BI OLOGY, TOXI COLOGY AND DISASTER

MANAGE MENT, EVOLUTI ON, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND ETHOLOGY




Part A

I. Esti mat e t he a mount of dissol ved oxygen i n t he wat er sa mpl e provi ded

a) Pri nci pl e -2mar ks



Or

Esti mat e t he a mount of dissol ved carbon di oxi de in t he wat er sa mpl e provided

a) Pri nci pl e -2mar ks





93

d) Identify any 4 pl ankt on (Per manent/ Te mporary mount s)

II.

a) Locat e t he Zool ogi cal real ms i n t he worl d map (provi de four real ms) -4marks

b) Locat e t he listed ende mi c ani mals t o t heir appropriate real ms (list any 8 ani mals)

(0. 5x 8) -4 mar ks

Part B

I. Carry out a plankt on count and esti mat e t he abundance of any 4 Zoopl ankt on from t he

sa mpl e provi ded and make a graphi cal represent ati on of t he dat a obt ai ned

-3 mar ks

Or

Mount any 4 pl ankt oni c or ganis ms from t he sa mple provi ded and comment on t heir

adapt ati on. -3 mar ks

II. Co mment on t he mor phological and adapti ve modification of t he item provided

( Anal ogus and homol ogus organ ( Any t wo fi gures/ any t wo skel et on/ any two

speci men may be gi ven)

a) Identificati on -1mar k

b) Mor phol ogi cal and adaptive modificati on -1mar k

c) Co mment on Evol uti onary si gnificance -1 mar k

Or

Identify and arrange t he foll owi ng items i n t heir evol uti onary sequence (provi de figure

of t he li mb bones of modern horse and t heir ancestors)

a) Identificati on and arrange ments i n sequence -2mar k

b) Co mment on t heir peri od of occurrence and -1mar k

Mor phol ogy of li mb bones

Part C Ans wer all (2 marks each)

1. Co mment on t he experi ment al set up

( Bear mann Funnel/ Berlesse Funnel)

2. Identify and write not es on

(Plankt on net / plankt on counti ng cha mber/ sechi di sc / any one mi neral /rock).

3. Identify and comment on ( Anyone equi pment- Pher mone trap/ Ski nner box/ T-

maze) / Co mment on behavi oural acti vit y (Fi gure can be provi ded)

( Gr oo mi ng/ courtshi p dance of flami ngos/stickl e back fish/ Tail waggi ng dance/

Aggressi ve behavi our/ Aut o/ All o groomi ng, Fl ehmen response)

4. Identify t he foll owi ng. Menti on t heir evol uti onary si gnificance

( Archaeopt eryx/ Sphenodon/ Lati mari a) 4x2=8 mar ks



94



ZOO6 CMGB( P) - CELL BI OLOGY, MOLECULAR BI OLOGY, GENETI CS AND

BI OTECHNOLOGY




PART- A

I. Prepare a neat squash preparati on of oni on root tip

a) Preparati on (3 mar ks)

b) Identify any t wo mit otic stages gi vi ng reasons (3 mar ks)

c) Sket ch and label t he i dentified stages (2 mar ks)

OR

Prepare human bl ood s mear

a) Preparati on (3 mar ks)

b) Assi gni ng reasons, identify any t wo leucocyt es (3 mar ks)

c) Sket ch and label t he i dentified leucocyt es (2 mar ks)

II. Prepare a s mear of human buccal epit heli um and identify t he barr body

Preparati on (4 mar ks)

Co mment (4 mar ks)

PART- B

I. Prepare a te mporary whole mount of t he mat erial pr ovi ded (3 mar ks)

OR

Wr it e down t he procedure for t he preparati on of per manent whol e mount. (3 mar ks)

II. Identify and comment on the item provi ded :

( West ern bl otti ng / Sout hern bl otti ng / Nort hern blotti ng / PCR) (3 mar ks)

OR

Wr it e down t he procedure i nvol ved i n DNA isol ation (3 mar ks)

OR

Identify t he sex of t he given fruit fl y and comment on

(3mar ks)

OR

Prepare a hu man Kar yotype and I di ogra m and comment on. ( Preparation : 2 mar ks,

Co mment: 1)

Part C Ans wer all (2 marks each)

1) Genetic probl e m: ( Di hybrid cross / Back cross or Test cross / Multi ple allele)

2) Identify and comment on: (Pol yt ene chromoso me/Any one mei otic stage (Prophase 1)



95

3) Identify and comment on its mol ecul ar compositi on / struct ural orient ati on / functi onal

si gnificance( Any tissue / Cell organelles/ DNA, DNA replicati on, RNA different t ypes

usi ng models or diagra ms)

4) Identify and comment on its phenot ypi cal manifestati ons

( Karyot ype of Down‘s / Kl i nefelter‘s and Tur ner‘s syndrome)

OR

Identify t he gi ven chromosome group of t he human Kar yot ype gi vi ng reasons.

(4x2=8)



ZOO6 MGBB( P) - Mi crobiol ogy, General Infor matics, Bi o i nfor mati cs and Biostatistics



( Co mbi ned recor d of practical 8 and 9)

PART A

1. Perfor m gra m st ai ni ng wi t h t he gi ven bact erial cult ure and prepare t he r eport. Writ e

down t he pri nci pl e and procedure

a) Preparati on & Identification 4 mar ks

b) Pri nci pl e & procedure 4 mar ks

OR

a) Prepare a stai ned mounting of t he gi ven fungus on a neat sli de 4 mar ks

b) Test t he motility of t he given bact eri um by hangi ng drop met hod 4 mar ks

2. a) Co mput e Arit hmetic mean & medi an from t he dat a provi ded usi ng MS Excel

4 + 4

OR

3. Do wnl oad/ use pri nt out/pi ct ures of geno me sequences of any 2 or ganis ms. Identify and

menti on t he charact eristic feat ures of bot h. 4 + 4

PART B

1. Det er mi ne t he bl ood group and Rh fact or

Preparati on &I dentification 2 mar ks

Pri nci pl e 1 mar k

OR

Perfor m Streak pl ating 3 mar ks

2. Do wnl oad/ use pri nt out/pi ct ures of a pr ot ei n sequence , i dentify it & comment on its

a mi no aci d compositi on

3 mar ks

OR

Do wnl oad/ use pri nt out/ pi ct ures of a macr omol ecul e. Write a bri ef not e on t he

bi oi nfor matics t ool used to visualise its struct ure. 3 mar ks



96

PART C

1. Identify the i nstrument and comment on its wor king and use

2. Identify& write a report / identify & comment on the techni que/ cal cul ati on met hod

3. Cal cul at e t he Range from t he dat a gi ven / calculat e t he mode

4. Gr aphi call y represent t he dat a i n t he for m of a pie di agra m/ bar diagra m histogra m/li ne

graph

(4x2=8 mar ks)



97

CORE CHOI CE BASED COURSES

( ELECTI VE)

MODEL – I/ MODEL- II/ Doubl e

Core/ BT&SP



98

SEMESTER VI

ZOOLOGY CORE CHOI CE BASED COURSES

FOR B. Sc. ZOOLOGY PROGRAMME

ELECTI VE I

ECOTOURI S M

72 hr

4hrs/ week

Cr edits 3

Obj ecti ves:

1. To i ntroduce t he concepts, pri nci pl es and applicati ons of t ouris m and its

sustai nability

2. To criticall y anal yse t he cost and benefits of ecotouris m, i ncl udi ng rel at ed l a ws

and policies, communit y invol ve ment and fut ure trends

3. To devel op an appreci ation a mong st udents wit h respect t o t ouris m devel op ment

from t he sust ai nabilit y perspecti ve

4. To equi p t he st udents with basic knowl edge for t he e mer gi ng ecot ouris m

industry

Mo dul e I. Funda ment als of Touris m (5 hr)

Touris m, concepts and defi niti ons

Hi st ory, types

Moti vati on of travel – future trends

Core Readi ngs

Br uner, E. M. 2005. Culture on t our: et hnographies of travel. The Uni versity of Chi cago Press.

Karan Si ngh. 1980. Indian Touris m: Aspects of great advent ure. Depart ment of t ouris m. Ne w

Del hi.

Rat andeep Si ng. 2003. Nati onal Ecot ouris m and Wil dlife t ouris m: Policies and gui deli nes.

Kani shka Publishers, New Del hi

Mo dul e II. Ecotouris m (12 hr)

What is ecot ouris m?

Concepts of eco-t ouris m

The facilitati ng sect ors

At tracti ons

Geography, heritage



99

Wi l dlife, nat ure

Qualit y Control

Core Readi ngs


Ghi mire, K. B. and M. Pimbert. 1997. Social change and conservati on: environment al politics

and i mpacts of nati onal parks and prot ect ed areas. London: Eart hscan Publicati ons.

Karan Si ngh. 1980. Indian Touris m: Aspects of great advent ure. Depart ment of t ouris m.

Ne w Del hi.



Whel an, T. 1991. Nat ure touris m: managi ng for t he environment. Washi ngton, D. C. : Island

Press.

Mo dul e III. Maj or areas of eco-touris m (10 hr.)

Concepts, practices and case st udi es for each:

Mari ne t ouris m

Wi l dlife t ouris m

Advent ure t ouris m

Core Readi ngs

Bri an Garrod and Julie C. Wilson. 2002. Mari ne Ecosyst e m. Channel Vi ew Publicati ons.

Ghi mire, K. B. and M. Pimbert. 1997. Social change and conservati on: environment al politics




Mo dul e I V. Tourist desti nati ons (10 hr)

Co mmon charact eristics of t ourist desti nati ons

Spatial strategi es for destinati ons

Vi sit or Manage ment strategi es for desti nati ons with speci al reference to t ourist spots of Keral a

Public sect or i nitiati ves

Pri vat e ent erprises

Core Readi ngs

Honey, M. 2002. Ecot ouris m & certification: setting standards i n practice. Was hi ngt on, D. C.

Island Press.

Rat andeep Si ng. 2003. Nati onal Ecot ouris m and Wil dlife t ouri s m:

Poli cies and gui deli nes. Kani shka Publishers, New Del hi



100

Mo dul e V. Probl e ms and prospects of eco-touris m (8 hr)

Econo mi cs and benefits of ecot ouris m

Cult ural issues and negative aspects of ecot ouris m

Environment al I mpacts of Touris m

Core Readi ngs

Bhattacharya, A. K. 2005. Ecot ouris m and li veli hoods. Concepts publishi ng Co, Ne w Del hi -

Rave Chauhan. 2006. Ecot ouris m: Trends and challenges. Vista Int ernati onal Publishi ng

gr oup, Ne w Del hi.

Mo dul e VI. Envi ronment, conservati on of nat ural resources

and eco-touris m (10hr)

Environment and conservati on: basic pri nci pl es

Current practices of eco-conservati on i n t ouris m industry

Sust ai nabl e t ouris m and soci et y

Co mmunit y based eco t ouris m

Eco- devel opment committee ( EDC) of Peri yar Tiger Rerserve

Peopl e‘s i nitiati ves

Core Readi ngs

Ghi mire, K. B. and M. Pi mbert. 1997. Soci al change and conservati on: environment al politics

and i mpacts of nati onal parks and pr ot ect ed areas. London: Eart hscan Publicati ons. Honey, M.

2002. Ecot ouris m & certification: setti ng standards i n practice. Washi ngt on, D. C. Island Press.

Mi ddl et on, V. 1998. Sustai nabl e t ouris m: a mar keting perspecti ve. Wobur n, MA : Butter wort h-

Hei ne mann.

Rave Chauhan. 2006. Ecot ouris m: Trends and challenges. Vi st a I nt ernati onal Publishi ng


Weari ng S. and J. Neil. 1999. Ecot ouris m: i mpacts, pot entials, and possi bilities. Bost on:

Butt er wort h- Hei ne mann. Weaver, D. 1998. Ecot ouris m i n t he l ess devel oped worl d. Ne w Yor k

: CAB Int ernati onal.

Well s, M. and Br andon, K. 1992. Peopl e and Parks: li nki ng pr ot ect ed area manage ment wit h

local communities. Washingt on, D. C.: the Worl d Bank.

West, P. C. and Br echi n, S. R., eds. 1991. Resi dent Peopl es and Nati onal Parks: soci al dil e mmas

and strategi es i n i nternational conservati on. Uni versit y of Ari zona Press.

West ern, D. and Wri ght, R. M. , eds. 1994. Nat ural Connecti ons: perspectives i n co mmunit y-

based conservati on. Washi ngt on, D. C.: Island Press. ( Modul e VI)



101

Mo dul e VII. Eco-tourism busi ness (10 hr)

Ecot ouris m mar keti ng

Who are eco-t ourists? Ecot ouris m compani es

Emer gi ng trends i n eco-touris m

Cult ural touris m

Pil gri mage t ouris m

Far m t ouris m

Backwat er t ouris m

Healt h t ouris m

Core Readi ngs

Bhattacharya, A. K. 2005. Ecot ouris m and li veli hoods. Concepts publishi ng Co, Ne w Del hi-

Rave Chauhan. 2006. Ecot ouris m: Trends and challenges. Vista Int ernati onal Publishi ng



Butt er wort h- Hei ne mann.

Weaver, D. 1998. Ecot ouris m i n the less devel oped worl d. Ne w Yor k : CAB Int ernati onal.

Mo dul e VIII. Eco-touris m gui des (7 hr)

Ecot ouris m gui di ng and case st udies

Core Readi ngs


Acti vities

Preparati on of questi onnaire

Fi el d testi ng

Report writi ng on an ecotouris m i nitiati ve


Bhattacharya, A. K. 2005. Ecot ouris m and li veli hoods. Concepts publishi ng Co, Ne w Del hi

Bri an Garrod and Julie C. Wilson. 2002. Mari ne Ecosyst e m. Channel Vi ew Publicati ons.


Ghi mire, K. B. and M. Pi mbert. 1997. Soci al change and conservati on : environment al politics


Honey, M. 2002. Ecot ouris m & certificati on: setting st andards i n practice. Washi ngt on, D. C.

Island Press.

Karan Si ngh. 1980. I ndian Touris m: Aspects of great advent ure. Depart ment of t ours m. Ne w

Del hi.



102

Mi ddl et on, V. 1998. Sustai nabl e t ouris m: a mar keting perspecti ve. Wobur n, MA: Butter wort h-

Hei ne mann.

Rat andeep Si ng. 2003. Nati onal Ecot ouris m and Wi l dlife t ouris m: Polici es and gui deli nes.


Rave Chauhan. 2006. Ecot ouris m: Trends and challenges. Vi st a I nt ernati onal Publishi ng



Butt er wort h- Hei ne mann.


Well s, M. & Br andon, K. 1992. Peopl e and Parks: li nki ng pr ot ect ed area manage ment wit h

local communities. Washingt on, D. C.: the Worl d Bank.

West, P. C. & Br echi n, S. R., eds. 1991. Resi dent Peopl es and Nati onal Parks: soci al dil e mmas

and strategi es i n i nternational conservati on. Uni versit y of Ari zona Press.

West ern, D. & Wri ght, R. M. , eds. 1994. Nat ural Connecti ons: perspectives i n co mmunit y-

based conservati on. Washi ngt on, D. C.: Island Press.

Whel an, T. 1991. Nat ure t ouris m: managi ng f or t he environment. Washingt on, D. C.: Isl and

Press.



103

SEMESTER VI


ZOO6 NCHS- ELECTI VE II

- NUTRI TI ON, COMMUNI TY HEALTH AND SANI TATI ON

72 hrs

Credits 3

Obj ecti ves of the Course

1. To devel op critical t hi nking skill and research apt itude a mong st udents, by i ntroduci ng

the frontier areas of t he biol ogi cal science.

2. To e mphasi ze the central role t hat bi ol ogi cal sciences pl ays i n t he life of all organis ms.

3. To i ntroduce t he st udent to some of t he present and fut ure applicati ons of bio-sci ences

PART – I NUTRI TI ON AND COMMUNI TY HEALTH 36 hrs

Modul e -I Defi niti on and Meani ng of Healt h

Di mensi ons and Det er mi nati on of Healt h

Physi cal Acti vit y and Healt h benefits

Effect of exercise on body syste ms – Circulat ory, Respirat ory, Endocri ne,

Skel etal and Muscul ar

Pr ogra mmes on Co mmunit y healt h pr omoti on (Indi vi dual, Fa mil y and

Soci et y) Dangers of alcoholic and drug abuse, medi co-legal i mplications

Core Readi ngs

Fashey , Tomas D, Insel , Paul M and Rot h Walt (2005) Fit and Well. Ne w

Yor k; Mc Gra w Hill Inc

Gr eenberg, Jerol S and Di nti man Geor ge B (1997) Well ness Creati ng a life

of Healt h and Fit ness , London All yn and Bacon Inc.

To m Sanders and Peter Emer y. (2004) Mol ecul ar basis of human nutrition:

Tayl or & Francis Publishers Ane Book

Rai. B. C. Healt h Education and Hygi ene. Published by Prakashan Kendra,

Lucknow

10 hrs

Modul e II Nut riti on and Healt h

Concept of Food and Nut rition, Bal anced di et

Vi t a mi ns, Mal nutrition, Defi ciency Disease

10 hrs



104

Det er mi ni ng Cal oric i ntake and expendit ure

Obesit y, causes and preventi ng measures – rol e of Di et and exercise, BMI

Core Readi ngs

K Par k, (2008) Park‘s Text Book of Preventi ve and Soci al Medii ne 18t h

Editi on. Banarasi dass Bhenot Publicati on



Modul e III Safet y Educati on and Healt h Pr omoti on Pri nci ples of Acci dent prevention,

Healt h and Safet y i n daily life. Healt h and Safety at wor k. Fi rst ai d and

e mer gency care. Co mmon i nj uries and t heir manage ment. Moder n life styl e

and hypoki netic di seases. Di abetes, Car di ovascul ar di seases, Di et & Cancer -

Preventi on and Management, Agei ng, Theories of Agei ng. Cell ular changes

wi t h agei ng.

Core Readi ngs

Nor man Bezzaant HELP First Ai d for everyday emer genci es. Jaico

Publishi ng House, Bo mbay, Del hi



10 hrs

Modul e I V Li fe Skills Educati on 6 hrs

Physi cal acti vit y, emoti onal adj ust ment and well bei ng, Yoga, Meditati on

and Rel axati on, Psychoneuroi mmunol ogy

Core Readi ngs

Edl en Gor don Janes and Barttlet. Hu man Genatics a modern Synt hesis.

Published by Bost on. P 39, 266-270

PART II COMMUNI TY HEALTH AND SANI TATI ON 36 hrs

Modul e V Public healt h and wat er qualit y. Preventi on of Wat er bor ne di seases. Pot abl e

wat er qualit y monit ori ng and wast e wat er manage ment. Faecal bact eriae and

pat hogeni c mi croorganisms t rans mitted by water. Chol era and Typhoid.

Det er mi nati on of sanitary qualit y of dri nki ng wat er, wat er purification

techni ques – Met hods of wast e wat er treat ment and di sposal Physi cal and

12 hrs



105

Bi ol ogi cal treat ment – Anaerobi c di gesti ng system

Septic tank met hod, Aerobi c process – Oxi dati on ponds, trickli ng filters,

acti vat ed sl udge processes – Ver mi composti ng a met hod of soli d wast e

manage ment

Core Readi ngs

Pel czar M. J. Jr. E. C. S. Chane & N. R. Kri eg, Mi cr obi ol ogy ( Concept &

Applicati ons). 5t h

editi on. Tata Mc Gr a w Publishi ng Co mpany Lt d.

Moni ca Cheesbrough, Laborat ory Manual for Tropi cal Counties Vol.II LBS.

Modul e VI Public Healt h and Food bor ne diseases. Their preventi ve measures. Food

poisoni ng caused by t oxins produced by mi crobes eg Staphyl ococcal food

poisoni ng, Bot ulis m, Salmonell osis. Food i nfecti on caused by growt h of

mi croorganis ms i n t he human body after t he cont ami nat ed food has been

eat en. Eg Food Infecti on hepatitis (hepatitis A)

Core Readi ngs

Pel czar M. J. Jr. E. C. S. Chane & N. R. Kri eg, Mi crobi ol ogy ( Concept &



Pani cker S, Franis G And Abraha m g. (2008) Mi crobi ol ogy & I mmunol ogy.

Zool ogi cal Societ y St udy Mat erial Series. Published by Zool ogi cal Soci et y

of Keral a.

12 hrs

Modul e VII Public healt h and diseases

Emer gi ng pat hogens and diseases - Swi ne Fl ue ( H1N1), Bird Fl ue ( H5N1),

SARS, Ant hrax, Ree mergi ng pat hogens and diseases –TB, Chi kungunya)

Vect or bor ne ( mosquit o) di seases and t heir control measures ( Chi kungunya ,

Mal aria, Filariasis and Dengu fever)

Mos quit o eradi cati on

Lept ospirosis and preventive measures – Rodent control measures. Cancer –

Types of cancers, Carcinogens, Causes of Cancer, Mor phol ogi cal Structural

Bi oche mi cal & behavi oural changes of cancer cells

Core Readi ngs

Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala St udy Mat erial Series 2002– Cell Bi ol ogy

Genetics & Bi otechnol ogy published by Zool ogi cal Societ y of Keral a.

K Par k, (2008) Park‘s Text Book of Preventi ve and Soci al Medi ci ne

12 hrs



106


Fashey, Tomas D, Insel, Paul M and Rot h Walt (2005) Fit and Well. Ne w Yor k; Mc

Gr a w Hill Inc

Gr eenberg, Jerol S and Di nti man Geor ge B (1997) Well ness Creati ng a life of

Healt h and Fit ness , London All yn and Bacon Inc.

Edl en Gor don Janes and Barttlet. Hu man Genatics a modern Synt hesis. Published

by Bost on.

Moni ca Cheesbrough, Laborat ory Manual for Tropi cal Countries Vol.II LBS.

Nor man Bezzaant HELP First Ai d for everyday emer genci es. Jaico Publishi ng

House, Bo mbay, Del hi


Applicati ons)


Lucknow

To m Sanders and Peter Emer y. (2004) Mol ecul ar basis of human nutrition: Tayl or

& Francis Publishers Ane Book

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO6 NCHS - NUTRI TI ON, COMMUNI TY HEALTH AND SANI TATI ON


10/ 10

2 marks

8/ 12

4 marks

6/ 9

15 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

80

Mo dul e I 10 1 2 1 1 24

Mo dul e II 10 1 2 2 0 13

Mo dul e III 10 1 2 1 1 24

Mo dul e I V 6 1 2 1 0 9

Mo dul e V 12 2 3/ 2 1/ 2 2/ 0 42/ 14

Mo dul e VI 12 2 0/ 1 1 0/ 1 6/ 23

Mo dul e VII 12 2 1 2/ 1 0/ 1 12/ 23



107

MODEL PAPER



ZOO6 NCHS: NUTRI TI ON, COMMUNI TY HEALTH AND SANI TATI ON

Ti me: 3 Hours Maxi mu m: 80 Marks

PART A


1. What is a bal anced di et?

2. Defi ne healt h

3. What is bot ulis m?

4. What is BMI ?

5. What are vect or borne diseases?

6. What are oxi dati on ponds?

7. Whi ch vita mi n is called as ‗sunshi ne vita mi n‘?

8. Defi ne Vect or?

9. Na me t wo diseases transmi tt ed by wat er.

10. Na me t he causati ve agent of filariasis.

[10x1=10 Mar ks]

PART B

Ans wer any ei ght(2 marks each)

11. Wr it e down t he Sympt oms of Chi kungunya.

12. Descri be the scientific para met ers used t o det er mi ne wat er qualit y?

13. What are hypoki netic diseases?

14. Expl ai n the rol e of yoga and meditati on i n t he well bei ng of human bei ngs.

15. Di scuss t he vari ous Rodent control measures.

16. Di sti nguish bet ween Malnutrition and starvati on.

17. What are t he different steps i n pri mar y treat ment of wat er?

18. Why are trai ni ng centres for at hletes sit uated at high altitudes?

19. What is Healt h? Expl ai n its di mensi ons.

20. Wr it e not es on sympt omal ogy and treat ment of Typhoi d.

21. What is the difference bet ween e mer gi ng and re-emer gi ng diseases?

22. List t wo wat er borne and t wo food i nfecti on diseases.

[8x2=16 Mar ks]

PART C

Ans wer any si x(4 marks each)

23. What is psycho neuro i mmunol ogy? Expl ai n its devel opment i n Modern Sci ence?

24. Wr it e an essay on t he role of Vita mi ns in Hu man Healt h

25. Co mment on different t ypes of cancers? Add a note on carci nogens?

26. What is ozonati on?

27. Li st a few vect or borne diseases spread t hrough Mosquit oes. Gi ve t he preventi ve

measures?

28. Co mment on Obesit y, causes and preventi ve measures.



108

29. What are t he different types of diabet es? How are t hey different?

30. Expl ai n the dangers of alcoholic and drug abuse. Add a note on medi co-legal

i mplicati ons.

31. What are e mer gi ng pat hogens and diseases?

[6x4=24 Mar ks]

PART D


32. Expl ai n the effect of exercise on body syst e ms.

33. Discuss t he vari ous life st yl e diseases.

34. Expl ai n about vari ous wat er purificati on techniques.

35. Expl ai n the process of ver mi composti ng and its si gnificance i n reduci ng poll uti on.

[2x15=30 Mar ks]



109

SEMESTER VI


FOR B. Sc. ZOOLOGY PROGRAMME

ELECTI VE III

ECONOMI C ZOOLOGY

72 hrs

Cr edits 3

Part I APPLI ED ENTOMOLOGY 18 hrs

Mo dul e I Pests of co mmon crops of Keral a ( Paddy and Coconut )

Mor phol ogy, da mages caused and control measures.

Pests of coconut – Oryctes rhi noceros, Rhyncophorus ferrugi neus, Nephantis seri nopa,

eri ophi d mit e ( Aceri a guerreronis ),

Pest of paddy –Lept ocorisa acut a, Spodopt era mauriti a, Ri ce ste m borer (Scirpophaga

incert ul as, Nil aparvat a lugens)

Pest of stored food products – Trogoder ma granari um, Tri boli um cast aneum, Sit ophil us

oryzae

Insect pest manage ment

1 Che mi cal control- Cl assificati on and che mi cal compositi on of pestici des Insectici des and

their mode of acti on, trade na mes

2. Bi ol ogi cal control methods – gi ve exa mpl es, insects used i n bi ol ogi cal control progra mme

Mi cr obi al insectici des

3. Aut oci dal control (sterile mal e techni que)

4. IPM – Int egrated Pest Ma nage ment.

Part II MANAGE MENT OF ORNAMENTAL FI SH BREEDI NG AND AQUARI UM

MANAGE MENT 18 hrs

Mo dul e 2

1 Orna ment al Fish Breedi ng 15 hrs

Introducti on. Present status of orna ment al fish culture. Fresh wat er aquari um fish cult ure.

Mari ne orna ment al fishes. Breedi ng of gol d fish, koei, tetra, barb, fi ghter, goura mi, live

bearers and cl own fish. Nut riti on and feed of aquari um fishes. Est ablishment of commerci al

or na ment al fish cult ure unit. Co mmon diseases of aquari um fishes and t heir m, anage ment .

Mo dul e 3Aquari um manage ment 3hrs

Aquari um, Ai ms of aquarium, Require ment of an aquari um, Setti ng an aquarium, Aquari um

fishes



110

Part III – VERMI CULTURE 8 hrs

Mo dul e 4Ver mi cult ure

Introducti on, ecol ogi cal cl assificati on of eart h wor ms. Life hist ory.

Speci es of eart h wor ms used for ver mi cultre, role of eart h wor m i n soli d waste manage ment, in

agricult ure, in medi ci ne etc. preparati on of ver mi bed, preparati on of ver mi compost,

Preparati on of ver mi wash,

Part I V – API CULTURE 18 hrs

Mo dul e 5Bee Keepi ng

Defi niti on, Uses of bees. Sp. of bees cult ured, organi zati on of honey bee col ony, Social life

and adapt ati on of honey bees. Co mmuni cati on a mong honey bees. bee keepi ng met hods

( modern met hod onl y) and equi pments, manage ment and mai nt enance of an api ary-growt h

peri od, di vi di ng t he col ony, uniti ng t wo col oni es, repl aci ng ol d queen wit h new queen, honey

flow peri od, deart h peri ods war mi ng manage ment, monsoon manage ment. Ene mi es of bees.

Bee diseases. Bee pasturage. Honey and wax compositi on. Testi ng t he qualit y of honey.

Extracti on of wax Uses of honey and wax. Apit herapy. Royal jell y , propol is. Agenci es

supporti ng apicult ure.

.

Fi el d visit and report writi ng 10 hrs

Fi el d visit and report writing on any t wo ite ms are taken for i nternal eval uation, instead of

assi gnment and se mi nar

Addi son Webb, Bee Keepi ng- for profit and pl easure, agrobi os Indi a Lt d.

Al ka Prakash, Lab. Manual of ent omol ogy , Ne w age Int ernati onal publ. Deil hi.

Anant hakrishnan T. N. Di mensi ons of Mol ecul ar Ent omol ogy. Uni versit y

Applied Zool ogy , St udy Mat erial Zool ogi cal Societ y Of Keral a , CMS college Ca mpus

Chauhan, H. V. S. Poultry, Disease, diagnosis and treat ment, Wil ey eastern Lt d Del hi.

Co wey C. B. et. al.( 1985) Nutrition and feedi ng i n fishes, acade my press.

Dhoori a M. S. - ‗ Ane‘s – Di cti onary of General & Applied Ent omol ogy 2007

Far m made aquafeeds FAO fisheries techni cal paper, 343.

Geor ge cust & Peter Bird, Tropi cal Fresh wat er Aquaria, Ha ml yn London.

Harisankar J. Al appat & A. Bij ukumar, Aquari um Fishes. B. R. Publ. Corporati on, Del hi.

Larry P. pedi go, Ent omol ogy and Pest manage ment, Prentice hall of India Del hi.

MPEDA A hand Book on Aquafar mi ng- Or na ment al fishes, MPEDA Kochi n.

Nali na Sundari, R, sant hi Ent omol ogy, MJ P publ. Chennai.



111

NPCS Boar d, The compl et e book on Bee keepi ng and honey processi ng, NII R Project

consultancy servi ces, 106- E ka mal a nagar Del hi – 110007.

Pillai T. V. R., Aquacult ure , pri nci pl es and practices.

Ronal d j. Roberts (1978 ) Fish pat hol ogy , Cassel Lt d London.

Sukl a. Upadhay, Econo mic Zool ogy

Te mbhare, D. B. modern ent omol ogy, Hi mal aya Publ. House.

Verret h J. , Fish larval nutrition , Chapman & Hall Publ.



112

OPEN COURSES FOR OTHER

STREAMS



113

SEMESTER V


ELECTI VE I

MAN, NATURE AND SUSTAI NABLE DEVELOP MENT

72 hrs

Cr edits 4

Obj ecti ves

1. To understand how Man ori gi nat ed and attai ned present stat us

2. To learn t he basi c concepts of Ecosyst e ms and its functi oni ng

3. To st udy t he use and abuse of nat ure by Man

4. To learn t he different resources availabl e on eart h

5. To St udy gl obal environment al probl e ms and its impact on human well being

6. To appreci ate t he perspecti ves of Man on nat ure and learn t he strategi es for

conservati on

7. To fa miliarize wit h sustainable devel opment and devel op an attitude for sustai nability

8. To dis mantle compart ment alizati on of knowl edge, reveals links bet ween different

di sci pli nes and promot es sol uti ons whi ch reconcile interests of nat ure and hu man

bei ngs. Such a holistic appr oach is necessary for sust ai nabl e devel opment.

Mo dul e I. Man i n Nat ure 10 hrs

Introducti on

Evol uti on of Man

Out of Africa and Candelabra Model

The Fossils and t he Mol ecul ar Evi dences

Anci ent Mi grati on and Peopli ng of Indi a

Hunt er- Gat herer and t he Agri cult urist

Speech and Languages

Cult ural Evol uti on

Al truis m and Moralit y

Core Readi ngs

Conr oy, G. C. 1997. Reconstructi ng Human Evol ution: A Modern Synt hesis. Nort on, NY, USA.



114

Encycl opedi a Britanni ca . 1987 . Evol uti on. Macropedi a Vol. 18 Knowl edge i n Dept h pp930-

979. Encycl opedi a Britanni ca Inc. UK

Harrison, La wrence E. and Sa muel P. Hunti ngt on. 2000. Cult ure Matt ers: Ho w Val ues Shape

Hu man Progress. Basi c Books. Perseus.

Rob DeSalle and Ian Tattersal. 2008. Human Ori gins: What Bones and Genomes Tell Us about

Oursel ves. Texas A&MUni versity Press, USA.

Strickberger, M. W. 2000. Evol uti on. Jones and Bartlett, Bost on.

Mo dul e II. The Bi osphere 10 hrs

Eart h- Conti nents and Conti nent al drift

Concept of Landscapes and Habitats

Lit hosphere- Forest ( Tropi cal and Te mperat e)

Gr asslands, Deserts and Mont ane

The Bi omes of t he Worl d

Hydr osphere- Oceans, Estuaries

Freshwat er

Wat er t he Eli xir of Life

At mosphere- Struct ure and stratification

Core Readi ngs


Mi ll er, Tyl er. G. (Jr) 2005. Essenti als of Ecol ogy. Tho mson Br ooks/ cole.

Khanna , G. N. 1993. Gl obal Environment al Crisis and Manage ment. Ashish Publishi ng House,

Ne w Del hi.

Ra mesh, B. R and Raj an Gur ukkal., 2007. Forest Landscapes of the Sout hern West ern Ghats,

Indi aBi odi versity, Human Ecol ogy and manage ment Strat egies. French Institute of

Pondi cherry, India

Mo dul e III. Do mi nance of Man on Eart h

Industrial Revol uti on

Hu man Popul ati on Gr owth

Resource Utilizati on

Environment al Consequences

Moder n Agri cult ure and Gr een Revol uti on



115

Environment al I mpacts

I mperialis m and its Ecologi cal Root

Core Readi ngs

Gr egor y Cochran and Henr y Har pendi ng. 2009. The 10, 000 Year Expl osi on: How Ci vilizati on

Accel erat ed Human Evoluti on. Basi c Books

Mo dul e I V. Nat ural Resources 5

hr Rene wabl e and Non- rene wabl e

Bi odi versit y

I mport ance of Bi odi versity -t he Si x E S

Hot spots of Bi odi versit y

Bi otic Ri chness of India

Monocult ure and l oss of Genetic Di versit y

Exti ncti on Crisis, I UCN and Red Dat a Book

Core Readi ngs

Joy A. Pl a mer ( Edn.). 2004. Fifty Great Thi nkers on t he Environment. Routledge, London and

Ne w Yor k.

Mo dul e. V . Gl obal Environment al Issues Threateni ng Nat ural Resources and Hu man Life

12 hr

Def orestati on, Landscape alterations, Soil erosi on, Fl ood and Dr ought, Desertificati on,

Overexpl oitati on, Poll ution ( Air, Wat er and Soil- Poll ut ants and Consequences onl y), Aci d

rai n, Ozone depl eti on, Green house effect and Gl obal War mi ng ( use case studies t o illustrate

the poi nts) Wast e disposal ( Bi odegradabl e and Non- degradabl e eg. Pl astic and E- wast e), Oil

spill Energy - Producti on, Consumpti on and its I mpact on Environment Qualit y of t he

Environment and Hu man Healt h

Core Readi ngs


Ne w Del hi.

Mo dul e VI. Man’s Perspecti ve on Nat ure 10 hr

Eco Spirit ualit y, Eco-t heol ogy and Eco-fe mi nis m

Co mmunit y initiati ves

Indi genous Peopl e‘s Perspecti ve (tri bal and traditional communities)

Nati ve Ameri can, Amazoni an,. Australian Abori gines, Bishnoi



116

Contri buti ons of -John Muir, Al do Leopol d, Thoreau, Rachel Carson Edward Abbey, Ar ne

Ness, Carol yn Merchant, Vandana Shi va

Core Readi ngs

Lest er R. Br own. 2001. Eco- Economy Buil di ng an Economy f or t he Eart h.W. W. Nort on &

Co mpany, NY, USA.

Mo dul e VII. Gl obal Strategi es for Conservati on 8 hrs

UN conference on Man and Environment-1972

UNEP and its Contri butions

The Worl d Conservati on Strategy-1980

Worl d Co mmi ssi on on Environment and Devel opment

The Eart h Summit -1992

The UNFCC and IPCC

Conservati on Strategi es in Indi a- MoEF

Legal Syst e m- Menti on Maj or Conservati on Acts

Peopl e‘s Partici pati on i n Conservati on:

Chi pko Move ment and Nar mada Bachao Andol an,

Sil ent Valley

Core Readi ngs


Donella H. Meadows et al. 1972. The Li mits t o Growt h. Uni verse Books Ny, USA.

Mo dul e VIII Sustai nabl e Devel opment 10 hrs

Defi niti on and Concept

Pri nci pl es and Goals

Environment versus Devel opment Debat e

Johannesburg Conference -2002

Strategi es for Sust ai nabl e devel opment

Sust ai nabl e Devel opment in t he era of Gl obalization

Gandhi an Environment alis m

Educati on for Sust ai nable Devel opment ( UNESCO- ESD)

Buil di ng a Sust ai nabl e soci et y

Sust ai nabl e life st yles

Core Readi ngs

Ri chard T. Wri ght &Bernard J. Nebel. 2002. Environment al Sci ence- Toward a Sust ai nabl e

Fut ure. Pearson Educati on Inc. NY, USA.



117

Zi mmer man, Mi chael. 2004a. Int egral Ecol ogy: A Perspectival, Devel opment al, and

Coordi nati ng Approach to Environment al Probl ems. Worl d Fut ures.


Agr a wal, Ar un and Cl ark C. Gi bson. 1999. ―Enchant ment and Di senchantment: The Rol e of

Co mmunit y in Nat ural Resource Conservati on, ‖ Worl d Devel opment 27(4): 629-649.

Agr a wal, Ar un. 2001. ―Co mmon Propert y Instit utions and Sust ai nabl e Governance of

Resources, ‖ Worl d Development, 29(10): 1649-1672,

Al fred W. Cr osby. 1995. Ecol ogi cal I mperi alis m: The Bi ol ogi cal Expansi on of Eurpoe, 900-

1900. Ca mbri dge Uni versit y Press, MA. USA.


Bar nes, C. W. 1988. Earth, Ti me and Life. John Wi ley &Sons, Ne wYor k

Barry Co mmoner. 1990.Maki ng Peace wit h t he Planet. Pant heon Books, Ne w Yor k, USA.

Berry Tho mas. 1988. The Dream of t he Eart h. Si erra Cl ub Books, San Francisco.

Bi ckert on, D. 1995. Language and Human Behavi our. Uni versit y of Washi ngt on Press, Seattle.

Carl os Hernandez and Rashmi Mayur. 1999. Pedagogy of t he Eart h: Educat ion f or a Sust ai nabl e

Fut ure. Bharati ya Vi dya Bhavan, Mu mbai, Indi a.

Chandran, Subash M . D. 1997. On t he ecol ogi cal hi st ory of t he West ern Ghats. Current

Sci ence, Vol. 73, No. 2. 146- 155.

Chatt opadhyay Saji b. 2002. Life Ori gi n, Evol ution and Adapt ati on. Books and Alli ed ( P)

Lt d. Kol kat a,India.

Conr oy, G. C. 1997. Reconstructi ng Human Evol ution: A Modern Synt hesis. Nort on, NY, USA.

Donella H. Meadows et al. 1992. Beyond t he Li mits. Chel esa Gr een Publishi ng

Co m. Ver mont, USA.

Donella H. Meadows et al. 1972. The Li mits t o Growt h. Uni verse Books Ny, USA.

Encycl opedi a Britanni ca . 1987 . Evol uti on. Macropedi a Vol. 18 Knowl edge i n Dept h pp930-

979. Encycl opedi a Britanni ca Inc. UK

Fol ey, R. 1987. Anot her UniqueSpecies: Patternsi nHumanEvol uti onary

col ogy. Long man, Harl ow, UK.


Gandhi, M. K. - Writi ngs on Ecol ogy

Gor e A. 1993. Eart h i n Balance. Pengui n Books, NY. USA.

Gr egor y Cochran and Henr y Har pendi ng. 2009. The 10, 000 Year Expl osi on: How Ci vilizati on

Accel erat ed Human Evoluti on. Basi c Books



118

Har di n, Garrett. 1968. ―The Tragedy of t he Co mmons, ‖ Science, 162(1968): 1243-1248.

Harrison, La wrence E. and Sa muel P. Hunti ngt on. 2000. Cult ure Matt ers: Ho w Val ues Shape

Hu man Progress. Basi c Books. Perseus.

Her man Dal y. 1990. ‖Towar d Some Operati onal Pri nci pl es of Sust ai nabl e

Devel opment ‖. Ecol ogi cal Economi cs 2: 1-6.

I UCN- UNEP- WWF 1991. Cari ng f or t he Eart h: A Strat egy f or Sust ai nable Li vi ng. Gl and,

Swit zerland.

Joy A. Pl a mer ( Edn.). 2004. Fifty Great Thi nkers on the Environment. Routledge, London and

Ne w Yor k.


Ne w Del hi.

Lest er R. Br own. 2001. Eco- Economy Buil di ng an Economy f or t he Eart h.W. W. Nort on

&Co mpany, NY, USA.

Li eber man, P. 199.. Uni quel y Human: The Evol uti on of Speech, Thought and Selfless

Behavi our. Har vard Uni versit y Press, Ca mbri dge,MA.

Mi ll er, Tyl er. G. (Jr) 2005. Essenti als of Ecol ogy. Tho mson Br ooks/ cole.


Co mpany, NY.

Orr, Davi d, W. 1992. Ecol ogi cal Literacy. St ate Uni versit y of Ne w Yor k Press, Al bany.

Pri mack, R. 2002. Essentials of Conservati on Bi ology. Si nauer Associ ates, Inc.; 3r d

editi on

Ra mesh, B. R and Raj an Gur ukkal., 2007. Forest Landscapes of the Sout hern West ern Ghats,

Indi aBi odi versity, Human Ecol ogy and manage ment Strat egies. French Institute of

Pondi cherry, India

Ri chard T. Wri ght &Bernard J. Nebel. 2002. Environment al Sci ence- Toward a Sust ai nabl e

Fut ure. Pearson Educati on Inc. NY, USA.

Rob DeSalle and Ian Tattersal. 2008. Human Ori gins: What Bones and Genomes Tell Us about

Oursel ves. Texas A&MUni versity Press, USA.

Sapr u, K. K. 1987. Environment Manage ment i n India. Ashi gh Publishi ng House, Ne w Del hi.

Shar ma P. D. 1994. Ecol ogy and Environment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut-2.

Shellenberger, Mi chael and Ted Nor dhaus. 2005. The Deat h of Environment alis m: Gl obal

War mi ng Policies i n a Post-environment al Worl d. Grist Magazi ne. www. grist. org

Stili ng Peter. 2002. Ecol ogy: Theori es and Applications. Prentice Hall of Indi a pvt. Lt d. Ne w

Del hi

http://www.grist.org/



119

Strickberger, M. W. 2000. Evol uti on. Jones and Bartlett, Bost on.

Wi l ber, Ken. 2001. Theory of Everyt hi ng. Sha mbala.

Wi l son, E. O. 1975. Soci obi ol ogy Har vard Uni versity Press, Ca mbri dge, Mass. USA.

Worl d Co mmi ssi on on Environment and Develop ment . 1987. Our Co mmon Fut ure. Oxf or d

Uni versit y Press.

Zi mmer man, Mi chael. 2004a. Int egral Ecol ogy: A Perspectival, Devel opment al, and

Coordi nati ng Approach to Environment al Probl ems. Worl d Fut ures.

We b Resources

htt p:// www. unesco. org/ educati on/ desd

htt p:// uc mp. berkel y. edu

htt p:// www. unep. org

htt p:// www. i ucn. org

htt p:// www. iisd. org

htt p:// www. natrual-resources. org

htt p:// www. sdnp. ni c.i n

htt p:// www. t erii n. org

www. grist. org

http://www.unesco.org/education/desd

http://ucmp.berkely.edu/

http://unep.org/

http://www.iucn.org/

http://iisd.org/

http://www.natrual-resources.org/

http://sdnp.nic.in/

http://www.teriin.org/

http://www.grist.org/



120

SEMESTER V


ZOO5 HNCS - ELECTI VE II

HUMAN GENETI CS, NUTRI TI ON, COMMUNI TY HEALTH AND SANI TATI ON

72 hrs

Cr edits 3


To devel op critical t hi nking skill and research apt itude a mong st udents, by i ntroduci ng


To e mphasi ze the central role t hat bi ol ogi cal sciences plays i n t he life of all organis ms.

To i ntroduce t he st udent to some of t he present and fut ure applicati ons of bio-sci ences

PART I HUMAN GENETI CS 18 hrs

Modul e I Hu man nor mal chromosome co mpl e ment. Genetic di sorders i n man.

Chr omoso mal ano mali es. Eg. Do wn Syndr ome and Cri du chat syndr ome.

Sex chr omosomal anomali es – Syndr omes- Kl i nefelters Syndr ome and

Tur ners Syndr ome. Si ngl e gene mut ati on disor ders- Eg. Si ckl e Cel l

anae mi a. Pol ygeni c – Cl eft li p and pal ate. Sex li nked i nheritance –

Hae mophilia and Col our bli ndness. Pre – nat al Di agnosis ( Amni ocent esis,

and Chori oni c Vill us Sa mpli ng) Ultra sound scanni ng and Fet oscopy

Genetic Counselli ng. Eugeni cs and Eut heni cs.

Core Readi ngs

Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala St udy Mat erial Series 2002– Cell bi ol ogy


9 hrs

Modul e II Hu man bl ood gr oups and t heir i nheritance pattern. Rh f act or Bl ood

transfusi on – Uni versal Donor, Uni versal reci pi ent – I mport ance of Bl ood

donati on.

DNA fi nger pri nti ng and applicati ons – Pr obi ng for cri mi nals – Met hod t o

resol ve pat ernit y and maternit y disput es.

Causes of hu man i nfertility – a bri ef account. Human geno me pr oj ect – a

brief account.

Core Readi ngs

9 hrs



121



PART – II NUTRI TION AND COMMUNI TY HEALTH 18 hrs

Modul e -III Defi niti on and Meani ng of Healt h

Di mensi ons and Det er mi nati on of Healt h

Physi cal Acti vit y and Healt h benefits

Effect of exercise on body syste ms – Circulat ory, Respirat ory, Endocri ne,

Skel etal and Muscul ar

Pr ogra mmes on Co mmunit y healt h pr omoti on (Indi vi dual, Fa mil y and

Soci et y) Dangers of alcoholic and drug abuse, medi co-legal i mplications

Core Readi ngs

Fashey , Tomas D, Insel , Paul M and Rot h Walt (2005) Fit and Well.

Ne w Yor k; Mc Gra w Hill Inc

Gr eenberg, Jerol S and Di nti man Geor ge B (1997) Well ness Creati ng a

life of Healt h and Fit ness , London All yn and Bacon Inc.

To m Sanders and Peter Emer y. (2004) Mol ecul ar basis of human

nutrition: Tayl or & Francis Publishers Ane Book


Lucknow

5 hrs

Modul e I V Nut riti on and Healt h

Concept of Food and Nut rition, Bal anced di et

Vi t a mi ns, Mal nutrition, Defi ciency Disease

Det er mi ni ng Cal oric i ntake and expendit ure

Obesit y, causes and preventi ng measures – Rol e of Di et and Exercise, BMI

Core Readi ngs

K Par k, (2008) Park‘s Text Book of Preventi ve and Soci al Medii ne 18t h

Editi on. Banarasi dass Bhenot Publicati on



5 hrs

Modul e V Safet y Educati on and Healt h Pr omoti on Pri nci ples of Acci dent preventi on,

Healt h and Safet y i n daily life. Healt h and Safety at wor k. First ai d and

e mer gency care. Co mmon i nj uries and t heir manage ment. Moder n l ife

5 hrs



122

st yl e and hypoki netic di seases. Di abet ese, Cardi ovascul ar di sorders -

Preventi on and Management.

Core Readi ngs

Nor man Bezzaant HELP First Ai d for everyday emer genci es. Jaico

Publishi ng House, Bo mbay, Del hi

To m Sanders and Pet er Emer y. (2004) Mol ecul ar basis of hu man nutriti on:


Modul e VI Li fe Skills Educati on 3 hrs

Physi cal acti vit y, emoti onal adj ust ment and well bei ng,. Yoga, Meditati on

and Rel axati on, Psychoneuroi mmunol ogy

Core Readi ngs

Edl en Gor don Janes and Barttlet. Hu man Genatics a modern Synt hesis.

Published by Bost on. P 39, 266-270

PART III COMMUNI TY HEALTH AND SANI TATI ON 36 hrs

Modul e VII Public healt h and wat er qualit y. Preventi on of Water borne diseases.

Pot abl e wat er qualit y monit ori ng and wast e wat er manage ment. Faecal

bact eriae and pat hogeni c mi croorganis ms trans mi tted by wat er. Chol era

and Typhoi d. Det er mi nation of sanitary qualit y of dri nki ng wat er, wat er

purificati on techni ques.

Ver mi composti ng a method of soli d wast e manage ment

Core Readi ngs



editi on. Tata Mc Gr a w Publishi ng Co mpany

Lt d.

Moni ca Cheesbrough, Laborat ory Manual for Tropi cal Counties Vol.II

LBS.

12 hrs

Modul e VIII Public Healt h and Food bor ne diseases and t heir preventi on

Food poisoni ng caused by t oxi ns pr oduced by mi crobes eg St aphyl ococcal

food poisoni ng, Bot ulis m, Sal monell osis

Food i nfecti on caused by gr owt h of mi croor ganis ms i n t he hu man body

after t he cont a mi nat ed food has been eat en. Eg Food I nfecti on hepatitis

12 hrs



123

(hepatitis A)

Core Readi ngs




Pani cker S, Franis G And Abraha m g. (2008) Mi crobi ol ogy

&I mmunol ogy. Zool ogi cal Societ y St udy Mat erial Series. Published by

Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala.

Modul e I X Public healt h and diseases (a) Emer gi ng pat hogens and diseases – Swi ne

flue ( H1N1), bird fl ue ( H5N1), SARS, Ant hrax

Ree mer gi ng pat hogens and diseases – TB, Chi kungunya

(b) Vect or borne diseases ( mosquit o) and t heir control measures

( Chi kungunya , Mal aria, Fil ariasis and Dengu fever)

Mos quit o eradi cati on (c) Lept ospirosis and preventive measures – Rodent

control measures (d) Cancer different t ypes, causes of cancer, carci nogens,

di et & cancer (e) HI V, AI DS – causes & preventive measures

Core Readi ngs



K Par k, (2008) Park‘s Text Book of Preventi ve and Soci al

12 hrs


Fashey, Tomas D, Insel, Paul M and Rot h Walt (2005) Fit and Wel l. Ne w Yor k; Mc

Gr a w Hill Inc

Gr eenberg, Jerol S and Di nti man Geor ge B (1997) Well ness Creati ng a life of

Healt h and Fit ness , London All yn and Bacon Inc.

Edl en Gor don Janes and Barttlet. Hu man Genatics a modern Synt hesis. Published

by Bost on.

Moni ca Cheesbrough, Laborat ory Manual for Tropi cal Counties Vol.II LBS.

Nor man Bezzaant HELP First Ai d for everyday emer genci es. Jaico Publishi ng

House, Bo mbay, Del hi


Applicati ons)


Lucknow



124

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO5 HNCS HUMAN GENETI CS, NUTRI TION, COMMUNI TY HEALTH AND

SANI TATI ON


10/ 10

2 marks

8/ 12

4 marks

6/ 9

15 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

80

Mo dul e I 9 1 1 1 1/ 0 22/ 7

Mo dul e II 9 1 1 1 0/ 1 7/ 22

Mo dul e III 5 1 1 1 0 7

Mo dul e I V 5 1 1 1 0 7

Mo dul e V 5 1 1 1 0 7

Mo dul e VI 3 1 1 1 0 7

Mo dul e VII 12 2 2 1 1 25

Mo dul e VIII 12 1 2 1 1 24

Mo dul e I X 12 1 2 1 1 24

MODEL PAPER


FI RST SEMESTER - CORE COURSE


Ti me: 3Hrs Maxi mum: 80 marks

PART A


1. Defi ne Vect or?

2. What are Probes?

3. What is Bot uli n?

4. Na me t wo diseases transmi tt ed by wat er.

5. Expand AI DS and na me the causati ve agent.

6. Defi ne PNI

7. Whi ch vita mi n is called as ‗sunshi ne vita mi n‘?

8. Defi ne Phenot ype and Genot ype.

9. Kar yot ype of down syndrome

10. What is bal anced di et? (10x1=10)

Part B

Ans wer any Ei ght questions.



125

Ans wer i n one paragraph each.

Each questi on carries 2 marks

11. What are t he maj or dangers of drug abuse?

12. Di sti nguish Eupl oi dy and Aneupl oi dy?

13. Expand BMI and BMR. Wr it e t he for mul a for calcul ati ng BMI.

14. Me nti on t he t hree E‘s of acci dent preventi on.

15. Me nti on t he causati ve agent t hat cause t he followi ng diseases: Chol era, Typhoi d,

Lept ospirosis and Gastroent eritis.

16. What are Carci nogens?

17. What is Cri-du chat syndrome?

18. What is Eryt hrobl ast osisfoet alis?

19. Di sti nguish Eugeni cs and Eut heni cs.

20. What are t he maj or causes of i nfertility?

21. Expl ai n the effect of exercise on respirat ory system

22. Defi ne Psychoneur oi mmunol ogy

(8x2=16)

Part C

Ans wer any si x questi ons.

Ans wer i n one page each.


23. Expl ai n Si ngl e gene disorder wit h exa mpl es.

24. Wr it e a short note on HGP.

25. Expl ai n the process of Ver mi composti ng.

26. Descri be any t wo met hods for anal yzi ng Bact eria in dri nki ng wat er.

27. Expl ai n the effect of exercise on bodil y syste ms.

28. Expl ai n the Pri nci pl e of DNA Fi ngerpri nting and its applicati on.

29. Write an account on food borne diseases

30. Expl ai n the potabl e wat er qualit y monit ori ng measures

31. Expl ai n the different types of Yoga.

(6x4=24)

Part D

Ans wer any t wo questi ons,

Ans wer shoul d not exceed f our pages


32. Wr it e an essay on sympt o ms, treat ment and preventi on of maj or food borne diseases.

33. Expl ai n the different techni ques e mpl oyed on prenat al diagnosis.

34. Wr it e an essay on healt h and safet y in dail y life.

35. Gi ve t he che mi cal and biol ogi cal charact eristics of wast e wat er. Expl ai n the vari ous

met hods i nvol ved i n waste wat er manage ment.

(2x15=30)



126

SEMESTER V


ELECTI VE III

VOCATI ONAL ZOOLOGY

72 hrs

Credits 4


To devel op critical t hi nking skill and research apt itude a mong st udents, by i ntroduci ng


To e mphasi ze the central role t hat bi ol ogi cal sciences plays i n t he life of all organis ms.

To i ntroduce t he st udent to some of t he present and fut ure applicati ons of bio-sci ences

Mo dul e 1Orna ment al Fish Breedi ng 15hrs

Introducti on. Present st atus of or na ment al fish cult ure. Fresh wat er aquari um fish cult ure.

Mari ne or na ment al fishes. Breedi ng of gol d fish, koei, t etra, barb, fi ght er, goura mi, and li ve

bearers. Nutrition and feed of aquari um fishes. Establishment of commerci al orna ment al fish

cult ure unit. Co mmon diseases of aquari um fishes and t heir manage ment .

Core Readi ngs



MPEDA A handbook on Aquafar mi ng- Or na mental fishes, MPEDA Kochin.


Ronal d j. Roberts (1978 ) Fish pat hol ogy , Cassel Lt d London .

Mo dul e 2Aquari um manage ment 5hrs

Aquari um, Ai ms of aquari um, Require ment of an aquari um, Setti ng an aquari um, Aquari um

manage ment , Aquari um fishes.

Core Readi ngs

Applied Zool ogy, St udy Mat erial Zool ogi cal Soci et y Of Keral a, published by Zool ogi cal

Soci et y of Keral a




Ronal d j. Roberts (1978 ) Fish pat hol ogy , Cassel Lt d London .

Mo dul e 3Rabbit far mi ng 10hrs



127

At tri butes of rabbit as a live st ock. Breeds of rabbits for far mi ng. Housi ng. Feedi ng and feed

for mul ati on. Repr oducti on. I mport ance of record keepi ng. Handli ng of rabbit.

Sexi ng. Sl aught er and ski n pr ocessi ng. Di seases and t reat ment . Agenci es supporting rabbit

far mi ng. Sources of good qualit y broiler rabbit in sout h India.

Acti vity:- visit a rabbit far m and make a report on t he econo mi cs of rabbit far mi ng.

Core Readi ngs

Applied Zool ogy , St udy Mat erial Zool ogi cal Soci et y Of Keral a , published by Zool ogi cal


Packages of Practices and Reco mmendati ons , Vet eri nary and Ani mal Husbandary 2001,

Di rect orat e of ext ensi on, Keral a Agri cult ure Uni versit y, Mannut hy. Modul e 4 Quail f ar mi ng (

Cot urni x cot urni x ) 4 hrs

Introducti on, care of quail chi cks, care of adult quails, care of breedi ng quails , rati on f or quail,

care of hat chi ng eggs, healt h care, use of quail egg and meat. Sources of qualit y chi cks.

Core Readi ngs

H. V. S. Chauhan, Poultry, Disease, diagnosis and treat ment, Wil ey eastern Lt d Del hi.

Mo dul e 5Ver mi cult ure and co mposti ng 8 hrs

Speci es of eart h wor ms used f or ver mi cultre.. Preparati on of ver mi bed, preparation of ver mi

compost, Preparati on of ver mi wash. Mai nt enance and manage ment. Rol e of ver mi cult ure i n

soli d wast e manage ment.

Acti vity :- Preparati on of a ver mi cult ure unit or visit to a ver mi composti ng unit.

Core Readi ngs

Applied Zool ogy, St udy Mat erial Zool ogi cal Soci et y Of Keral a , published by Zool ogi cal


Mo dul e 6Bee Keepi ng 16 hrs

Defi niti on, sp. Of bees cult ured, organi zati on of honey bee col ony, bee keepi ng met hods

( modern met hod onl y) and equi pments, manage ment and mai nt enance of an api ary-growt h

peri od, di vi di ng t he col ony, uniti ng t wo col oni es, r epl aci ng ol d queen with ne w queen, honey

flow peri od, Bee past urage. Deart h peri od. Ene mies of bees. Bee diseases. Uses of honey and

wax. Apit herapy. Propolis Royal jell y. . Agenci es supporti ng apicult ure.

Acti vity :- visit to an apicult ure unit and prepare a not e.

Core Readi ngs





128

NPCS Boar d, The co mpl ete book on Bee keepi ng and honey pr ocessi ng, NII R Pr oj ect

consultancy servi ces, 106- E ka mal a Nagar Del hi – 110007.

Mo dul e 7 Seri cult ure 14hrs

Defi niti on. Co mpositi on of sil k. Sp. Of sil k wor ms. Life hist ory of Bo mbyx mori.

Reari ng of sil k worm- reari ng house, Environment al conditi ons-te mperat ure, li ght,

hu mi dit y. Leaf feedi ng and feedi ng met hods. Reari ng of young age sil k wor m or cha wki,

paraffi n paper reari ng and box reari ng. Sil k work handli ng- br ushi ng, feedi ng, bed cl eani ng,

spaci ng. Reari ng of l at e age l arvae- shelf rearing and fl oor reari ng. Mounti ng of wor ms-

chandri ka and natri ka. Cocoon harvesti ng and sorti ng. Sil k wor m di seases and pest. control

measures

Acti vity :-. Visit a sericulture unit and make report

Core Readi ngs

Applied Zool ogy, St udy Mat erial Zool ogi cal Soci et y Of Keral a , published by Zool ogi cal


Fi el d visit and report writi ng

Vi sit t o any t wo units and present t he report separat el y. Thi s i s t o be t aken f or i nt ernal

eval uati on i n t he pl ace of assi gnments and se mi nar.


Addi son Webb, Bee Keepi ng- for profit and pl easure, agrobi os Indi a Lt d.

Al ka Prakash, Lab. Manual of ent omol ogy , Ne w age Int ernati onal publ. Deil hi.

Applied Zool ogy , St udy Mat erial Zool ogi cal Soci et y Of Keral a , CMS college Ca mpus

Kott aya m.

Ar mugan N. (2008) Aquacult ure, Saras publ.

Co wey C. B. et. al.( 1985) Nutrition and feedi ng i n fishes, acade my press.

D. B. Te mbhare, modern ent omol ogy, Hi mal aya Publ. House.

Far m made aquafeeds FAO fisheries techni cal paper, 343.


H. V. S. Chauhan, Poultry, Disease, diagnosis and treat ment, Wil ey eastern Lt d Del hi.



MPEDA A handbook on Aquafar mi ng- Or na mental fishes, MPEDA Kochin.

Munr o ISR (1982) The mari ne and fresh wat er fishes, Sony repri nts.


NPCS Boar d, The co mpl ete book on Bee keepi ng and honey pr ocessi ng, NII R Pr oj ect

consultancy servi ces, 106- E ka mal a Nagar Del hi – 110007.

Packages of Practices and Reco mmendati ons , Vet eri nary and Ani mal Husbandary 2001,

Di rect orat e of ext ensi on, Keral a Agri cult ure Uni versit y, Mannut hy.



129

SEMESTER V

OPEN COURSE FOR OTHER STREAMS

ELECTI VE I V

FOOD MI CROBI OLOGY

72 hrs

Credit 4

Mo dul e1. Food as a substrate f or mi cro or ganis ms, mi cro-or ganis ms i mport ant i n food

mi crobi ol ogy- moul ds, yeasts and bact eria; bri ef account of each gr oup; general

charact eristics and i mportance; Pri nci pl es of food preservati on – asepsi s –

re moval of mi cro or ganis ms, anaerobi c conditi ons – hi gh and l ow t e mperat ures

– dryi ng, che mi cal preservati ves – food additi ves.

- 15Hrs

Mo dul e 2. General pri nci pl es underlyi ng f ood spoilage and cont a mi nati on; canned food –

sugar pr oducts; veget ables, fruits, meat and meat products, mil k and mi l k

pr oducts, fish, sea food – spoilages.

- 12 Hrs

Mo dul e 3. Dairy Mi crobi ol ogy - Bact eri ol ogi cal exa mi nati on of mil k. Preservati on of mil k

– past eurizati on , different met hods and advant ages, st erilizati on, dehydrati on,

Bact eri ol ogi cal st andards and gradi ng of milk, Fer ment ed dairy pr oducts-

Cheese , Butter mil k, l assie, cheese, crea m, condensed and dr y mil k pr oducts,

yoghurt; , low lact ose mi lk, Kefis and Ku mi ss

-10 Hrs

Mo dul e 4 Food fer ment ati ons and food produced by mi crobes; bread, vi negar,

Si ngl e Cell Pr ot ei ns, mushr oom culti vati on; pr oducti on of al cohol and

fer ment ed beverages, beer and wi ne.

-10 Hrs

Mo dul e 5 Food bor ne poisoni ngs, i nfecti ons and i ndi cations; Mi crobi ol ogy of food

sanitati on- Hazard Anal ysis Critical Control Poi nts ( HACCP), Mi crobi ol ogi cal

criteria for foods.

- 7Hrs

MODULE 6 ( Acti vity Ori ented St udy) 18 hrs

1. Isol ation and i dentification of mi cro organis ms fro m i nfect ed fruits and veget abl es

2. Observati on of food borne pat hogens

3. Identificati on of bact eria from Idli batter and curd

4. Di rect mi croscopi c exa minati on of mil k / wat er by standard pl ate count

5. Met hyl ene bl ue Reduct ase test for mil k



130

Report writi ng Report of acti vit y ori ent ed study i s t o be prepared and sub mitted by each

candi dat e and has t o be taken for i nternal eval uation i n t he place of assi gnment and se mi nar

Core Readi ngs

1. W. C. Frazi er and West hoff - Food Mi crobi ol ogy

2. Jey - Modern food Mi crobi ology

3. Powar and Dagi na wal a - General Mi crobi ol ogy

4. St ani er - Mi crobi al Worl d

5. Prescot, Harley, and Kl ei n‘s - Mi crobi ol ogy



131

ZOOLOGY COMPLE MENTARY COURSES

FOR BOTANY( MODEL I)/ HOME

SCI ENCE/ BI OLOGI CAL TECHNI QUES AND

SPECI MEN PREPARATI ON



132

SEMESTER I

ZOO1 ADNC- COMPLE MENTARY COURSE 01


36/ hrs

Credit – 2

Obj ecti ves

1. To acquire knowl edge on the taxono mi c stat us of vari ous Invertebrate animal s and

ani mal groups.

2. To fa miliarize t he st udents wit h t he di verse group of organis ms around us.

3. To devel op an aptit ude for understandi ng nat ure and its rich bi o-di versit y.

Mo dul e 1

General Introducti on

5 Ki ngdo m cl assification, Cl assificati on i n general

Core Readi ngs

Eka mbaranat ha Ayyer M (1990) A Manual of Zoology, Vol ume 1.

Invertebrate Part I and Part II S Vi s wanat han pri nters 7 Publishers Pvt. Lt d

Vi j ayakumaran Nair, Jayaku mar J & Paul P I (2007)

Pr otista & Ani mal Di versit y Acade mi ca Publications. Zool ogi cal Societ y of

Keral a.

Ani mal Di versit y (2002). Published by Zool ogi cal Societ y of Keral a.

1 hr

Mo dul e 2

Ki ngdo m Pr otista 7 hrs

Salient feat ures and classificati on up t o phyl a

1. Phyl um Rhi zopoda : Amoeba

2. Phyl um Acti nopoda : Acti nophrys

3. Phyl um Di nofl agellata : Noctil uca

4. Phyl um Parabasalia : Trychony mpha

5. Phyl um Met a monada : Gi ardi a

6. Phyl um Ki net opl asta : Trypanosoma

7. Phyl um Eugl enophyt a : Eugl ena

8. Phyl um Cr ypt ophyt a : Crypt omonas

9. Phyl um Opali nat a : Opali na



133

10. Phyl um Bacillari ophyt a : Di at oms

11. Phyl um Chl orophyt a : Vol vox

12. Phyl um Choanofl agellata : Prot erospongi a

13. Phyl um Cili ophora : Para meci um

14. Phyl um Spor ozoa : Pl as modi um

15. Phyl um Mi crospori dia : Nose ma

16. Phyl um Rhodophyt a : Red Al ga

( Menti on any fi ve general charact ers for each phyl um. Det ailed accounts of

exa mpl es are not necessary.)

Pat hogeni c protista –Pl asmodi um, Ent a moeba.

Core Readi ngs




Pr otista & Ani mal Di versit y Acade mi ca Publications.

Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala. Ani mal Di versit y (2002). Published by


Mo dul e 3

Mes ozoa – eg. Rhopal ura ( menti on 5 salient feat ures ) 2 hrs

Parazoa

Phyl um Porifera – eg Leucosol eni a

Phyl um Pl acozoa –e g. Trycopl ax adherens.

Core Readi ngs







Mo dul e 4

Phyl um : Coel enterata 3hrs



134

Salient feat ures, Cl assificati on up t o classes

1. Hydr ozoa – Physalia

2. Scyphozoa – Aurelia

3. Ant hozoa – Ada msi a

Corals and coral reefs.

Core Readi ngs







Mo dul e 5

Phyl um - Pl at yhel mi nt hes 2 hrs

Salient feat ures, classificati on upt o classes

1. Tur bellaria – Pl anaria

2. Tr e mat oda – Fasci ol a

3. Cest oda – Taeni a soli um

Core Readi ngs







Mo dul e 6

Phyl um Ne mat oda 2 hrs

Salient feat ures, classificati on up t o classes

1. Phas mi di a - Wuchereria

2. Aphas mi di a – Trichi nella



135

Mo dul e 7

Phyl um - Anneli da 2 hrs

Salient feat ures, classificati on upt o classes

1. Pol ychaet a, - Nereis

2. Oli gochaeta – Eart hworm – Phereti ma

3. Hi r udi nomor pha – Hirudinaria

Core Readi ngs







Mo dul e 8

Phyl um Art hropoda 10 hrs

Salient feat ures

Type - Prawn – Penaeus


Subphyl um Chelicerat a

Cl ass 1. Mer ost oma – Limul us

2. Arachi ni da – Spider

3. Pycnogoni da – Ny mphon

Subphyl um Mandi bul at a

Cl ass 1. Crust acea – Daphni a

2. Chil opoda - Centepede

3. Symphyl a - Scuti gerella

4. Di pl opoda - Millipede

5. Pauropoda - Pauropus

6. Insect a – Butterfl y

( Det ailed account of exampl es are not necessary)

Phyl um Onychophora – eg. Peri pat us ( Menti on its affi nities)

Insect pests



136

1. Pests of coconut – Oryctes rhi noceros, Rhynchophorus

ferrugi neus, Nephantis seri nopa, Eri ophi d mit e

2. Pests of paddy – Lept ocorisa acut a, Spodopt era mauriti us

3. Pests of st ored grai ns - Trogoder ma granari um, Tri boli um cast aneum,

Sit ophil us oryzae

Core Readi ngs







Mo dul e: - 9

Phyl um – Moll usca 3 hrs

Salient feat ures and classification upt o classes

1. Apal cophora – Neo menia

2. Monopl acophora – Neopali na

3. Bi val vi a – Perna

4. Pol ypl acophora – Chit on

5. Gastropoda – Xancus

6. Cephal opoda – Sepi a

7. Scaphopoda – Dent ali um

Core Readi ngs







Mo dul e 10

Phyl um - Echi noder mat a 3 hrs

Salient feat ures , classificati on upt o classes



137

Cl ass 1. Asteroi dea – Astropecten

2. Ophi uroi dea - Ophi ot hri x

3. Echi noi dea – Echi nus

4. Hol ot huroi dea – Cucu mari a

5. Cri noi dea – Antedon

Core Readi ngs




Pr otista & Ani mal Di versit y Acade mi ca Publications. Zool ogi cal Societ y of

Keral a.

Ani mal Di versit y (2002). Published by Zool ogi cal Societ y of Keral a.

Mo dul e 11

Phyl um He mi chordat a 1 hr

Salient feat ures eg: Balanogl ossus

Core Readi ngs








Bar nes, R. D. , 1987. Invertebrate Zool ogy ( W. B. Saunders, Ne w Yor k).

Barri ngt on, E. J. W., 1967. Invertebrate Struct ure and functi on ( ELBS and Nel son , London).

Dha mi, P. S. and Dha mi, J. K. 1979. Invertebrate Zool ogy ( R. Chand and Co. Ne w Del hi).

Eka mberanat ha Ayyar M. (1990) A Manual of Zool ogy, Vol ume I. Invertebrat e Part I and Part

II S. Vis wanat han Pri nters & Publishers Pvt. Lt d.

Gr oove, A. J. and Ne well, G. E. 1974. Ani mal Bi ology – Indi an Repri nt ( Uni versit y Book St all,

Ne w Del hi).

Hy man, L. H. The Invert ebrat e vols. ( Mc Gr a w- Hill) 1942. Co mparati ve vertebrat e Anat omy

( The Uni versit y of Chi cago Press).

Ja mes R. D. (1987). Invertebrate Zool ogy, W. B. Saunders, Ne w Yor k.



138

Kapoor V. C. (1994). Theor y and Practice of Ani mal Taxono my.

Kapoor, V. C. 1994. Theory and Practice of Ani mal Taxono my ( Oxf ord and I BH Publishi ng

Co., Ne w Del hi.)

Kot pal R. L. Agar wal S. K. and R. P. Khet harpal (2002). Modern Text Book of Zool ogy.

Parker T. J and Has well W. A. (1962). Text Book of Zool ogy Vol. I. Invertebrat e ( ELBS &

Mac millan, London).

Marshall, A. J. and Williams, W. D. 1972. Text Book of Zool ogy Vol. Invertebrates ( ELBS and

Mac millan, London).

Ma yer, E. 1980. Pri nci ples of Syst e matic Zool ogy ( Tat a Mc Gr a w Hill Publishi ng Co., Ne w

Del hi.)

Nair, K. K. Anant hakrishnan, T. N. Davi d, B. V. 1976. General and Applied Ent omol ogy

( T. M. H. Ne w Del hi).



139

ZOO1 AD[ P] - Practical 01


36 hrs.

Credit 1

1. Sci entific drawi ng - 5 speci mens

2. Si mpl e i dentificati on – 25 i nvertebrat es ( Out of whi ch 15 by t heir scientific

na mes)

3. T. S - Eart hwor m, T. S Fasci ola

4. Di ssecti on - Prawn Nervous syst e m

5. Dissecti on - Cockroach Nervous syst e m

6. Mounti ng – Prawn Appendages

7. Mounti ng – Cockroach Mout h parts

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO1 ADNC - ANI MAL DI VERSI TY – NON- CHORDATA


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 0 4/ 3

Mo dul e II 7 1 1 1 1 19

Mo dul e III 2 0 1 0/ 1 0 2/ 4

Mo dul e I V 3 1 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 3/ 19

Mo dul e V 2 1 1 1/ 0 1/ 0 19/ 3

Mo dul e VI 2 1/ 0 1 0 0 3/ 2

Mo dul e VII 2 0/ 1 1 0 0 2/ 1

Mo dul e VIII 10 1 1 1/ 0 1 19/ 15

Mo dul e I X 3 1 1 0/ 1 0/ 1 3/ 19

Mo dul e X 3 1 1 1 1/ 0 19/ 7

Mo dul e XI 1 1/ 0 1/ 0 0/ 1 0 3/ 7



140

MODEL PAPER


FI RST SEMESTER - COMPLE MENTARY COURSE

ZOO1 ADNC ANI MAL DI VERSI TY- NON CHORDATA


PART A


1. What is Radi al symmetry? Gi ve an Exa mpl e?

2. Gi ve t he common na mes of a) Acti nophr ys b) Adamsi a

3. What is clitell um

4. What is Mi crofilaria?

5. What is meant by Pseudo coel omat e ani mals?

6. Wr it e not es on any t wo pests of st ored grai ns

7. Defi ne met a mor phosis

8. What are coxal glands? Gi ve its functi on.

[8x1=8 Mar ks]

PART B


9. Di fferentiate Schi zocoelo mat es and Ent erocoel omat es. Gi ve an exa mpl e?

10. What is diat omaceous earth? Menti on its si gnificance

11. Wr it e an account on Trypanosoma

12. Ho w is man i nfect ed by Tri chi nella

13. Eart hwor ms are called far mers friend . Why?

14. Wi t h t he hel p of a diagram, descri be the typical appendage of prawn.

15. Di sti nguish bet ween mosai c visi on and superi mposed visi on

16. Li mul us is called a Li vi ng Fossil, Why?

17. Wr it e a short note on any t wo pests of st ored food grai ns.

18. Outli ne the i mport ant phyl ogeni c aspect s of Bal anogl ossus

[6x2=12 Mar ks]

PART C


19. Descri be the i mport ance of Red al gae.

20. Me nti on t he disti nguishing feat ures of mal es and fe mal es of Rhopal ura

21. What do you know about Physalia

22. What do you mean by Sangui vorous ani mals?. Expl ai n their adapt ati on.

23. Descri be the di gesti ve syste m of prawn. Add a note on t he process of di gestion.

24. Wr it e an essay on t he pests of Paddy and t he measures e mpl oyed i n controlling the m.

[4x4=16 Mar ks]

PART D


25. Expl ai n the life hist ory of Pl as modi um i n man

26. Wr it e an account on different t ypes of coral reefsand on t he nat ural forces causi ng

da mage t o coral reefs

27. Citi ng suitabl e exa mpl es di scuss t he outli ne classification and feat ures of phyl um

Pl at yhel mi nt hes

28. Gi ve a det ailed account of the larval for ms of Penaeus wit hsuitabl ediagrams

[2x12= 24 Mar ks]



141

SEMESTER II

ZOO2 ADC- COMPLEMENTARY COURSE 02

ANI MAL DI VERSI TY- CHORDATA

36 hrs

Credits 2

Obj ecti ves

1. To acquire knowl edge on the taxono mi c stat us of the vari ous vertebrat e animal s and

ani mal groups.

2. To fa miliarise t he st udents wit h t he di verse groups of organis ms around us.

3. To devel op an aptit ude for understandi ng nat ure and its rich bi odi versit y.

Mo dul e I 7hrs

Phyl um Chor dat a

General charact ers of t he Phyl um Chor dat a


Sub phyl um I Ur ochor data

General charact ers

Cl ass 1 Larvacea eg . Oikopl eura

2. Asci di acea eg. Asci dia

3. Thaliacea eg. Sal pa

Subphyl um II Cephal ochor dat a

General charact ers eg. Brachi ost oma

Subphyl um III Vertebrata

General charact ers

Di visi on I Agnat ha

General charact ers

Cl ass 1 Cycl ost omat a eg. Petreromyzon

Cl ass 2 Ostracode mi eg. Cephal apis

Di visi on 2 Gnat host omata

General charact ers

Super class Pisces and Super class Tetrapoda

Core Readi ngs

Ani mal Di versit y (2002). Zool ogi cal Societ y Of Kerala St udy Mat erial Series.

Published by Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Keral a

Eka mbaranat ha Ayyar M. (1990) A Manual of Zool ogy, Vol ume I.



142

Vert ebrat ePart I and Part II S. Vis wanat han Pri nters & Publishers Pvt. Lt d.

Young J. Z. 1981. The life of Vertebrat e s ( Oxf ord Uni versit y Press).

Mo dul e II 3 hrs

Super class Pisces

General charact ers

Cl ass 1. Chondricht hyes eg. Narci ne

Cl ass 2. Osteicht hyes eg. Lati meria

Accessory respirat ory organs i n fishes.

Core Readi ngs



Eka mberanat ha Ayyar M. (1990) A Manual of Zool ogy, Vol ume I. Vertebrat e

Part I and Part II S. Vis wanat han Pri nt ers & Publishers Pvt. Lt d.


Mo dul e III

Super Cl ass Tetrapoda

General charact ers

16 hrs

Cl ass : Amphi bia General charact ers

Type : Rana hexadact yl a

Or der I. Ur odel a eg. Ambl yst oma

II. Anura eg. Buf o

III . Apoda eg. Ict hyophis

Core Readi ngs






Mo dul e I V Cl ass Reptilia 4 hrs

General charact ers

Sub class I: Anapsi da Eg. Chel one

Sub class II Di apsi da Eg. Cha mel eon

Subcl ass III Parapsi da eg. Ict hyosaur us



143

Poi sonous and non-poisonous snakes of India

Core Readi ngs






Mo dul e V Cl ass Aves

General charact ers

Sub class I : Archeornit hes Eg: Archaeopt eryx

3 hrs

Sub class II. Neor nit hes Eg: Strut hi o

Fli ght adapt ati ons of birds

Core Readi ngs






Mo dul e VI Cl ass – Mammali a 3 hrs

General charact ers

Sub class I Prot ot heria eg. Echi dna

Sub Cl ass II Met at heria eg. Macropus

Sub class III Eut heria eg. Elephas

Aquatic ma mmal s

Core Readi ngs







Deoras, P. J. 1981. Snakes of Indi a ( Nati onal Book Tr ust of India.)



144

Eka mberanat ha Ayyar M. (1990) A Manual of Zool ogy, Vol ume I. Vertebrat e Part I and Part II

S. Vi s wanat han Pri nt ers & Publishers Pvt. Lt d.

Gr oove, A. J. and Ne well, G. E. 1974. Ani mal Bi ology - Indi an Repri nt Universal Book St all,

Ne w Del hi.

Induchoodan, 1986, Kweralat hile Pakshi kal ( Keral a Sahit ya Acade my, Trichur).

Kapoor, V. C. 1994, Theory and Practice of Ani mal Taxono my ( Oxf ord and I BM Publishi ng

Co. Ne w Del hi.

Lagl er, K. F. , Bardach, J.E. , Miller, R. R. Passi no, D. R. M. 1977 Icht hyol ogy (John Wil ey and

Sons).

Ma yer, E. 1980. Pri nci ples of Syst e matic Zool ogy (Tata Mc Gr a w Hill Publishi ng Co. Ne w

Del hi.

Ne wman, H. H. 1939. Phyl um Chor data, ( Mac millan Pub. Co. Ne w Yor k)

Ni ga m H. C. 1978 , Zoology of Chor data (S. Chand and Co. Ne w Del hi).

Par ker, T. J. and Has well W. A. 1962. Text Book of Zool ogy Col. II Vertebrat es ( ELBS and

Mac millan , London).

Parter S. H. 1971. The Book of Indi an Ani mals ( Bo mbay Nat ural Hist ory Soci et y).

Sali m Ali, 1969. Birds of Keral a ( Oxf ord Uni versity Press).

Si nha A. K. , Adhi kari S. Gangul y, B. B. 1988. Bi ology of Ani mals Vol. II ( Ne w Central Book

Agency, Cal cutta.)

Whi t aker, R. 1978 Co mmon Indi an Snakes – A fiel d Gui de Mac millan and Co. of Indi a Lt d.)


Young J. Z. Life of ma mmal s ) Oxf ord Uni versit y Press).



145

ZOO2 AD[ P] - Practical 02

ANI MAL DI VERSI TY- CHORDATA

36 hrs

Credit I

1. Mor phol ogy

Sci entific drawi ng – 5 speci mens of chordates

2. Si mpl e identificati on of 10 chordates ( Out of which 5 by t heir scientific names)

3. Ost eol ogy – Vertebrae and girdl es of Frog

4. Snake i dentificati on - 3 poisonous and

3 non poisonous wit h key

5. Mounti ng of placoi d scal es of shark

6. Dissecti ons:

Fr og: Phot ographs/ Di agra ms/ one dissect ed & preserved speci men each/ models may be

used for t he st udy.

1. Frog – Vi scera

2. Frog – Di gesti ve Syst em

3. Frog – Art erial Syst e m

4. Frog – Sci atic plexus

5. Frog – Brai n

BLUEPRI NT

ZOO2 ADC- ANI MAL DI VERSI TY –CHORDATA


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Modul e I 7 2 3 1/ 2 1 12/ 16

Modul e 2 3 1 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 7/ 15

Modul e 3 16 2 2 1 1 22

Modul e 4 4 1 2/ 1 1 1/ 0 21/ 7

Modul e 5 3 1 1 1 1 19

Modul e 6 3 1 1 1 1 19



146

MODEL PAPER


SECOND SEMESTER - COMPLE MENTARY COURSE

ZOO1 ADC ANI MAL DI VERSI TY- CHORDATA


PART A


1. Gi ve t he common na mes of 1) Buf o 2) Ambl yst oma

2. What is amphi coel ous centrum

3. Defi ne Acr odont dentition

4. Gi ve t he scientific na me of Indi an Cobra

5. Gi ve one exa mpl e for Met at heria

6. Gi ve t he scientific na me of Amphi oxus.

7. Why are Asci di ans known as ‗Sea Squirts‘?

8. Gi ve an exa mpl e of a neot oni c prot ochor date. (8 1= 8 mar ks)

9.

PART B


10. Gi ve t he Charact eristic feat ures of Ict hyophis.

11. Na me t he Hi ndli mb bones of Frog

12. Wr it e a note on t he si gnificance of Portal syst e ms of Frog

13. What is Synsacrum? Comment on its compositi on

14. Di sti nguish bet ween Neurot oxi c and Hae mot oxi c veno m

15. Gi ve an account on pouched ma mmal s.

16. Di fferentiate bet ween Chondricht hyes and Ost eichthyes.

17. El aborat e t he funda mental charect eristics of Chordat a.

18. Descri be the Asci di an tadpol e larva.

19. Gi ve an account on Narcine.

(6 2= 12 mar ks)

PART C


20. Expl ai n the di gesti ve system of frog

21. Me nti on any four adapt ations of Aquatic Ma mmal s.

22. Me nti on t he differences bet ween Parapsi d and di apsi d t ype of skull wit h one exa mpl e

each.

23. Enu merat e t he affi nities of Amphi oxus.

24. Expl ai n Retrogressi ve met a mor phosis wit h a suitabl e exa mpl e.

25. Why are Narci ne known as electric rays?

26. Ho w woul d you differentiate poisonous snakes from Non- Poisonous snakes.

(4 4= 16 mar ks)

PART D


27. Wi t h t he hel p of a label ed di agra m, expl ai n the brai n of frog

28. Wr it e an essay about adapt ati ons of Aquatic Ma mmal s

29. Wr it e an essay on Fli ght adapt ati ons in Birds?

30. Gi ve an account on t he accessory respirat ory organs i n fishes.

(12 2= 24 mar ks)



147


Se mester II (I and II combi ned)

ZOO2 AD( P) - ANI MAL DI VERSI TY- NON CHORDATA AND CHORDATA


Q. NO. I

Di ssect and displ ay t he nervous syst e m of Cockroach/ Prawn 15 Marks

Di ssecti on - 5 Marks

Di spl ay - 5 Marks

Di agra m - 5 Marks

Q. NO. II

A). Mount few pl acoi d scal es/ 4 appendages of Prawn/

mout h parts of Cockr oach - 5 Marks

B). Identify, Sket ch and label the dissecti on -5 Marks

Di agra m - 2. 5 Marks

Label 5 parts - 2. 5 Marks

OR

Ma ke a proportionat e sketch of t he speci men provided.

Label any t hree parts and gi ve the scal e used

Sket ch ( Neat prooprtionate Sketch) - 2 Marks

Measure ments - 1 Mark

Labelli ng 4 parts - 1 Mark

Scal e - 1 Mark

Q. NO. III Ans wer t he foll owi ng (2x5=10 Marks)

Identificati on - 1/2 Marks

Co mment/ diagra m - 11/2 Marks

a. Identify and Co mment on Bone

(1st

/ Typi cal/ 8t h

/ 9t h

vertebrae/ pect oral girdle/ pelvi c girdle of frog)

b. Identify, sket ch and label



148

( Eart h wor m T. S/ Fasci ola T. S.)

c. Identify t he gi ven ani mal usi ng key

d. Identify gi ven speci men by t heir scientific na mes

( One Non- Chor date and one Chor date)

e. Identify t he gi ven speci men by generic na me and co mment on

(Identificati on and comment on Ecol ogi cal/ Evol utionary/

Mor phol ogi cal i mportance- 3 poi nts)

Q. NO. V Recor d 5 Marks



149

SEMESTER III

ZOO3 HPI- COMPLEMENTARY COURSE 03

HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY AND I MMUNOLOGY

54 hrs

Credits 3

Obj ecti ves

To i nspire t he st udents i n learni ng t he frontier areas of bi ol ogi cal sciences

To appreci ate t he correl ation bet ween struct ure and functi on of organis ms

To make t he m a ware of the healt h related probl e ms, their ori gi n and treat ment.

Part I HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY 36 hrs

Mo dul e 1 : Nutriti on 3 hrs

Mal nutrition disorders, Vitami n deficienci es, and mi neral deficienci es (Iron,

Cal ci um and Iodi ne)

Core Readi ngs

Guyt on 2002: Text Book of Medi cal Physi ol ogy Saunders pp. 718-833

Pr osser & Br own 2006 : Co mparati ve Ani mal Physi ol ogy

Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Kerala, St udy mat erial 2002. Bi oche mi stry, Physi ology and

Devel opment al Bi ol ogy Published by Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Keral a

Mo dul e 2: Respi rati on 5 hrs

Tr ansport of O2 and CO2 in bl ood, respirat ory disorders – Dyspnoea, Hypoxia,

As phyxi a, Hypo and Hypercapni a, CO poisoni ng, s moki ng and its physi ol ogi cal

effects.

Core Readi ngs

Guyt on 2002: Text Book of Medi cal Physi ol ogy Saunders pp432- 509 Zool ogi cal

Soci et y of Keral a, St udy mat erial 2002. Bi oche mi stry, Physi ology and


Mo dul e 3: Ci rcul ati on 7 hrs

Bl ood – Co mpositi on and functi on, Brief account of mechanis m of bl ood clotti ng;

Di sorders of bl ood cl otting – Hae mophilia, cerebral and pul monary t hrombosis,

Cerebral hae morrhage, Blood pressure and fact ors controlli ng it; electrocardi ogra m,

Car di ovascul ar disorders – Art eri oscl erosis, Myocardial infracti on, Angi ogra m and

Angi opl ast y.

Core Readi ngs



150

Guyt on 2002: Text Book of Medi cal Physi ol ogy Saunders pp. 144-262, 382-429,

711- 715.

Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Kerala, St udy mat erial 2002. Bi oche mi stry, Physiol ogy and


Mo dul e 4 Excreti on 6 hrs

Struct ure of human nephrone, compositi on of uri ne – nor mal and abnor mal

constit uents, uri ne for mation (ultra filtrati on , selecti ve reabsorpti on, t ubul ar

secreti on and count er current mechanis m); Hor monal control of renal function,

Ki dney disorders – myeleonephritis, gl omer ul ar nephritis, nephrotic syndro me,

Di al ysis

Core Readi ngs




Mo dul e 5 Neurophysi ology 6 hrs

Struct ure of t ypical neuron, myel enated and non myel enated nerve fibres; Ner ve

i mpulse – i nitiati on and propagati on of nerve i mpulse, All or none law, Saltat ory

conducti on, Synaptic trans mi ssi on, Neur otrans mi tters, Brian waves,

El ectroencephal ogra m, Neural disorders – Parki nson‘s disease, Epilepsy,

Al zhei mi er‘s syndrome, Dysl exia.

Core Readi ngs




Mo dul e 6 Muscl e Physiol ogy 4 hrs

Striated, Non striated and Cardi ac muscle, Ultra struct ure of striated muscle fibre,

Mechanis m of muscle contracti on, Threshol d and spi ke pot ential, Fati gue, O2 dept,

Ri gor mortis.

Core Readi ngs






151

Mo dul e 7 Endocri nol ogy 5 hrs

Endocri ne gl ands and t heir hor mones, mode of action (in brief) , Hypot hal amus,

Pit uitary , Thyroi d, Parathyr oi d, Thy mus , Islets of Langerhands, Adrenal, Testis

and ovary , Hor monal disor ders.

Core Readi ngs


Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala, St udy mat erial 2002. Bi oche mi stry, Physi ology and


Part II I MMUNOLOGY 18 hrs

Mo dul e 8 3 hrs

Introducti on t o i mmunology

Types of i mmunit y, innate i mmunit y , acquired, passi ve , active

Mechanis m of i nnat e i mmunit y (eg. Barriers , phagocyt osis , infla mmati on )

Co mpl e ment Syst e m, bi ological effects of compl ement s.

Core Readi ngs

Pani cker, S. Francis G., and Abraha m G. K. 2008 , Mi crobi ol ogy and I mmunol ogy,

St udy Mat erial Series published by Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Keral a Chapt er 1

Ivan Roitt, 2002 Essenti als of I mmunol ogy ELBS

Mo dul e 9 5 hrs

Anti gens and anti bodi es

Types of anti gens , hapt ens, anti geni c det er mi nants.

Basi c struct ure of i mmunogl obuli ns , Different classes of i mmunogl obuli ns and

functi ons.

Core Readi ngs


St udy Mat erial Series published by Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Keral a Chapt er 4


Mo dul e 10 5 hrs

Anti gen anti body reacti ons

Preci pitati on test, aggl utinati on test ,

Cl i ni cal applicati ons of anti gen anti body reacti on, Wi dal, VDRL, HI V t est

( ELI SA), Co mpl e ment Fixati on Test, and Coo mbs test.

Core Readi ngs



152


St udy Mat erial Series published by Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Keral a


Mo dul e 11 5 hrs

( Brief accounts of t he followi ngs)

I mmune response syste m

Pri mar y and secondary ly mphoi d organs,

Cells of I mmune syste m – Leucocyt es, lymphocytes, T&B cells, Macrophages,

Pl as ma cells , Me mor y cells, MHC, Anti body synthesis, Monocl onal anti bodi es,

Hybri doma technol ogy

I mmune disorders – hypersensiti vity, Aut o i mmunity & I mmunodeficiency, AI DS,

Vacci nes - Maj or t ypes of vacci nes ( BCG, DPT, Poli o vacci ne and TAB

vacci nes). Recent trends in vacci ne preparation.

Core Readi ngs


St udy Mat erial Series published by Zool ogi cal Soci et y of Keral a Chapt er 10.


Sobha & Shar ma (2008) Essentials of Modern Bi ology One‘s St udent edition PP

463- 468.


Ant hanarayan R & C. K. Jayara m Pani cker. Text book of Mi crobi ol ogy (2008) Ori ent

Long man Pri vat e Lt d.

Col e men: Funda ment als of I mmunol ogy

Guyt on, Medi cal Physi ology

Ivan Roitt: Essentials of Immunol ogy ELBS.

Ma dhavankutt y, Medi cal Physi ol ogy

Ma hupat hra, Hu man Physi ol ogy, Current Books

Mi chael J. Pel czar ECS, Chan & Noel. R. Krei g, Mi cr obi ol ogy, Tat a Mc Graw Hill 5t h

ed.

1996.

Mi chael J. Gi buay, Ian A. Macdonal d and Hel en M. Roche, Nutrition and Met abolis m.

Moni ca Cheesbrough: Laborat ory Manual for Tropi cal Countries. Vol.II Microbi ol ogy,

ELBS – Ca mbri dge Ed. 1986.



153

Pani ker S., Francis G. and Abraha m G. K 2008, Mi cr obi ol ogy and I mmunol ogy, St udy

Mat erial Series published by Zool ogi cal Societ y of Kerala.

Par k, K. Park‘s Text Book of Preventi ve and Social Medi ci ne – 2002, 17t Ed. Banarasi dass

Bhenot Publications

Pr osser and Br own, Co mparati ve Ani mal Physi ol ogy

Sebastian Prof. M. M., Ani mal Physi ol ogy

Wi llia m S Hoar, Ani mal Physi ol ogy.



154

ZOO3 HPI[ P] - Practical 03

HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY AND I MMUNOLOGY

36Hrs

Credit 1

1 Preparati on of Hu man Blood s mear & i dentification of leucocyt es

2 Qualitati ve anal ysis of Reduci ng Sugar, Prot ei n and Li pi d

3 Aci on of Sali vary a myl ase on Starch ( De monstration Onl y)

4 Esti mati on of Hae mogl obi n ( De monstration onl y)

5 Identificati on of human blood groups, A, AB, B and O, Rh fact or

6 Instruments (Pri nci pl e & use) – Sphyg mo mano met er , Stet hoscope , Measure ment

of bl ood pressure usi ng Sphyg mo mano met er (demonstration)

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO3HPI - HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND I MMUNOLOGY


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 3 1 - - - 1

Mo dul e II 5 2/ 0 - - 0/ 1 2/ 12

Mo dul e III 7 1 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 15/ 7

Mo dul e I V 6 1/ 2 1 0/ 1 1/ 0 15/ 8

Mo dul e V 6 1 1 1 1 19

Mo dul e VI 4 1 1 1 - 7

Mo dul e VII 5 1 1 1 - 7

Mo dul e VIII 3 1/ 2 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 7/ 16

Mo dul e I X 5 1/ 2 1 1/ 0 1 19/ 16

Mo dul e X 5 1 1 1 - 7

Mo dul e XI 5 1 1 1/ 0 0/ 1 7/ 15



155

MODEL PAPER


THI RD SEMESTER - COMPLE MENTARY COURSE

ZOO3 HPI - PAPER III- HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY AND I MMUNOLOGY


PART A


1. What is hae mophilia

2. Na me any t wo neurotrans mitters.

3. What is acquired i mmuni ty

4. Expand (a). EEG, (b). ECG

5. What is Hypercapni a

6. Gi ve an account of ELI SA

7. Expl ai n Angi opl ast y

8. Na me pri mar y and secondary lymphoi d organs

[8x1=8 Mar ks]

PART B


9. Co mment on angi ogra m

10. Co mment on Dysl exia

11. Bri efl y expl ai n BCG Vacci ne.

12. Gi ve an account of carbon monoxi de poisoni ng?

13. What is Art eri oscl erosis.

14. Gi ve an account of Parkinsons disease.

15. Bri efl y descri be Infla mmati on

16. Whi ch are t he vari ous types of Anti gens.

17. Gi ve an account of complement fi xati on test

18. Wr it e not es on Aut oi mmunit y

[6x2=12 Mar ks]

PART C


19. Bri efl y descri be ultra struct ure of striated muscl es

20. Gi ve an account on hor mones of adrenal cortex and t heir functi ons

21. What are pri nci pl es of vacci nati on? Menti on different t ypes of vacci nes

22. Briefl y descri be the steps i nvol ved i n t he production of monocl onal anti bodi es by

Hybri doma technol ogy

23. Gi ve an account of uri ne for mati on

24. Descri be the Mechanis m of Innate i mmunit y

[4x4=16 Mar ks]

PART D


25. Gi ve an account of t he vari ous cells of i mmune syst e m.

26. Expl ai n the mechanis m of nerve i mpulse trans mi ssi on

27. Descri be the basic structure of i mmunogl obuli n; gi ve t he functi ons of Various t ypes of

i mmunogl obuli ns.

28. Expl ai n the Mechanis m of bl ood cl otti ng.

[2x12 =24 Mar ks]



156

SEMESTER I V

ZOO4 AZ – COMPLEMENTARY COURSE 04

APPLI ED ZOOLOGY

54 hrs

Credits 3

OBJ ECTI VES

Equi p t he st udents i nterested i n t he applied branches of zool ogy wit h skills and

knowl edge whi ch can lead t o self empl oyment opport unities.

Mo dul e 1: Aquacult ure 24 hrs

Tr aditi onal met hods of aquacult ure, Advant ages and salient feat ures of aquacult ure,

Types of aquacult ure, Biotic and abi otic fact ors of wat er, I mport ance of Alga i n

aquacult ure, Co mmon Cultivabl e fishes of Keral a Econo mi c i mport ance and

mor phol ogy of cult urable speci es Catl a, Rohu, Mri gal, Cypri nus carpi o, Etropl us, &

Til api a .

Penaeus i ndi cus, P. monodon, Perna viri dis/ Perna indicus, Pi nct ada f ucat a.

Pond cult ure ( Construction and mai nt enance ) Brief Descri pti on of Carp culture

Co mposite fish cult ure. Int egrat ed Fish Cult ure, Induced breedi ng i n fishes,

I mport ant Fish Di seases. Fi sh preser vati on and processi ng

Aquari um manage ment, Setti ng up of an Aquari um, Bi ol ogi cal filter and Aerati on .

Co mmon speci es of Aquari um fishes.

Pra wn cult ure, Mussel culture , Pearl cult ure

Core Readi ngs:

Applied Zool ogy; (2002) Published by Zool ogi cal Societ y Of Keral a

Mo dul e 2 Seri cult ure

12 hrs

Four speci es of sil kwor ms, Life hist ory of sil kworms, Sil kwor m Reari ng

Techni ques. Diseases and Pests of sil kwor ms. Mounti ng of wor ms. Harvesting and

stiffli ng of cocoons. Sil kwor m diseases. Preventi ve and control measures.

Core Readi ngs:


Sudheeran, M. S. & John P. C., 1989 Economi c Zool ogy ( Prat hi bha Publ.,

Kott aya m)

6 hrs



157

Mo dul e 3 Ver mi cult ure

Speci es of Eart hwor ms suitabl e for ver mi cult ure. Repr oducti on and Life Cycl e .

Physi cal and Che mi cal effects of Ver mi cult ure, Ver mi composti ng, Site Sel ecti on,

Ce ment pit Soil pit . Preparati on of pit. Mai nt enance and Monit ori ng

Core Readi ngs:


Venkitara man, P. R., 1983, Text Book of Econo mi c Zool ogy ( Sudarsana Publ.

Cochi n)

Mo dul e 4 Api cult ure

12 hrs

Speci es of Honey bees. Or gani zati on of honeybee col ony. Bee keepi ng met hods

and equi pments Api ary manage ment and mai nt enance. Bee past urage, Bypr oducts

of honey bees and t heir uses. Diseases and pests of honey bees, control measures.

Core Readi ngs:


Shukl a G. S., & Updhyay V. B., Econo mi c Zool ogy ( Rast ogi Publ. Meerut)


Ali kunhi, K. h., Fish Cl uture i n India (I CAR, Ne w Del hi)

Bhosh, C. C., 1949, Sil k Pr oducti on and Weavi ng i n I ndi a ( CSI R), Ne w Del hi) Di rect or.

Zool ogi cal Survey of India, 1994, eart hwor ms Resources and Ver mi cult ure

Ed war ds, C. A. & Laft y, J. R. 1972 Bi ol ogy of Eart hwor ms ( Chap man and Hall Led.

London)

Jhi ngran, V. G., 1985 Fi sh and Fi sheries of I ndi a ( Hi ndust an Publ. Cor porati on, Ne w

Del hi)

Kuri en, C. V. & Sebastian V. C., Pra wn Fi sheries i n I ndi a ( Hi ndust an Publ. Cor porati on,

Ne w Del hi)

Kri shnas wa mi, S., 1986 I mpr oved Met hod of Reari ng Young age Sil k wor ms ( Central

Sil k board Bangal ore)

Kri shnas wa mi, S., 1986, Ne w Technol ogy of Sil kwor m Reari ng( Central Sil k Boar d

Bangal ore)

Lee, K. E., 1985 Eart hwor ms, Their Ecol ogy and rel ati onshi ps wit h Soi ls and Land use.

Acade mi cs Press.

Me non, K. N., 1970 Mal syakrishi (St ate Instit ute of language, Tri vandrum)



158

Mys ore Sil k Associati on, 1986, Sil kwor m reari ng and Di seases of Sil kworms

Pad manabha Ai yer, K. S., 1992, Records of t he I ndi an Museu m Vol. XXXI, Part I, PP. 13-

76 An Account of t he Ol igochacta of t he Travancore

Shi ggene, K., 1969, Problems i n Prawn Cult ure (Ameri can publ. Co., New Del hi)

Shukl a G. S., & Updhyay V. B., Econo mi c Zool ogy ( Rast ogi Publ. Meerut)

Andhra Pradesh Agri cultural Uni versit y, Hydrabad)

Si nhan, V. R. P. & Ra machandran, V., 1985, Fresh wat er Fish Cult ure (I CAR, Ne w Del hi)

Si ngh, S., 1962 Bee keeping i n India (I CAR, Ne w Del hi)

Si ngh, V. P. P. and Ra machandran, V., 1985 Freshwat er Fish Cult ure (I CAR, Ne w Del hi)

Sudheeran, M. S. & John P. C., 1989 Econo mi c Zool ogy (Prat hi bha Publ., Kott aya m)

Ul l al, S. R. and Narasimahanna, M. N., Handbook of Practical Sericult ure ( Central Sil k

Boar d Bo mbay. )

Venkitara man, P. R., 1983, Text Book of Econo mi c Zool ogy (Sudarsana Publ. Cochi n)



159

ZOO4 AZ [ P] - PRACTI CAL 04

APPLI ED ZOOLOGY

36 hrs.

Credit 1

1. General Identificati on, Econo mi c i mport ance, Morphol ogy, scientific na mes and

common na mes of t he followi ng

Econo mi c i mport ance and mor phol ogy of cult urabl e speci es

( Catla, Rohu, Mri gal, Grass carp, Co mmon carp, Etropl us, Tilapi a)

Penaeus i ndi cus,/ P. monodon,

Perna viri dis/ P.i ndi cus

Pi nct ada f ucat a

a. 2 speci es of eart hwor ms used i n Ver mi cult ure

b.Two speci es of honey bees

c. Sil kwor m. Cocoon/ Adult

2. Cast es of bees

3. Bee keepi ng equi pments Beehi ve, Smoker, honey extract or

4. Bees wax, Honey, Sil k, Ver mi compost (Identification- Uses)

5. Chandri ka / Natri ka used in sericult ure

6. Fi sh diseases (any 2di agra ms/speci mens)

7. Fi sh Parasite (any one)

BLUE PRI NT

ZOO4 AZ - APPLI ED ZOOLOGY


8/ 8

2 marks

6/ 10

4 marks

4/ 6

12 marks

2/ 4

Tot al

60

Mo dul e I 24 4/ 3 4/ 3 2/ 1 1/ 2 32/ 37

Mo dul e II 12 2/ 0 3/ 2 1 0/ 1 12/ 20

Mo dul e III 6 1/ 0 1/ 0 2/ 1 1 23/ 16

Mo dul e I V 12 3/ 2 2/ 1 2/ 1 1 27/ 20



160

MODEL PAPER


FOURTH SEMESTER - COMPLE MENTARY COURSE

ZOO4 AZ - APPLI ED ZOOLOGY


PART A


1. Na me t wo orna ment al fishes?

2. What is Dr opsy?

3. What is Dyke?

4. W hat is gas disease in fishes?

5. What is Canni ng?

6. What is ver mi compost ?

7. Na me any one disease of the sil kwor m and its causati ve agent ?

8. What is stiffli ng? [8x1=8 Mar ks]

PART B


9. What is Chandri ka?

10. What is Bee past urage?

11. What are t he sympt oms of calci no disease?

12. Na me different cult ure practices of fish.

13. What is Acari ne disease?

14. Wr it e not es Apis dorsat a.

15. What is Mussel cult ure?

16. What is the role of Al gae i n Aquacult ure?

17. Wr it e not es on Prawn culture.

18. Co mment on Bi ol ogi cal filter. [6x2=12 Mar ks]

PART C


19. Expl ai n induced breedi ng.

20. Wr it e short notes on byproducts of honey bees.

21. Li st out different steps i nvol ved i n Ver mi compost preparati on.

22. Co mment on i ntegrated far mi ng.

23. Me nti on t he different methods used i n sil k wor m far mi ng.

24. Co mment on Pearl cult ure.

[4x4=16 Mar ks]

PART D


25. Wr it e an account of constructi on, mai nt enance and manage ment of fresh wat er pond

cult ure.

26. Gi ve an account of met hods and equi pments used in api cult ure.

27. Expl ai n the diseases commonl y seen i n sil k wor ms.

28. Wr it e an essay on Fish Preservati on.

[2x12 =24 Mar ks]



161


Se mester I V (III and I V co mbi ned)

ZOO4 HI AZ( P)- HUMAN PHYSI OLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND APPLI ED

ZOOLOGY


Q. No. 1

Prepare a stai ned human bl ood s mear and Identify any t wo leucocyt es. Sketch and label

Preparati on - 5 Marks

Identificati on - 2 Marks

Sket ch and label - 3 Marks

OR

Anal yse t he gi ven sa mpl e for reduci ng sugar, protei n and li pi d. Record t he findi ngs under

headi ng- experi ment, observati on and i nference. Confir mat ory test for positive results

Correct result of t he analysis of any t wo components- 6 Marks

Tabul at ed present ati on of the result - 4 Marks

Q. No. 2

Identify by scientific name of t he gi ven cult urable fishes. Write t heir morphol ogi cal feat ures.


Mor phol ogi cal feat ures - 4 Marks

Q. No. 3

Identify your bl ood group and Rh fact or by usi ng gi ven anti bodi es. Write down t he pri nci pl e of

the experi ment


Pri nci pl e - 2 Marks

OR

Wr it e down t he pri nci pl e and procedure of t he experi ment set up

( Esti mati on of hae mogl obi n/ Acti on of salivary amyl ase on starch)

Pri nci pl e - 2 Marks

Pr ocedure - 3 Marks

Q. No. 4

1)Identify and Co mment on

( Bee hi ve/ s moker/ honey extract or/ chandri ka/ natri ka)

2)Identify and write down t he pri nci pl e of t he gi ven i nstrument

(Sphyg mo mano met er/ Stet hoscope)

3) Identify and Co mment on econo mi c i mport ance

( Any speci es of honey bee/ sil k mot h/ any speci es of eart hwor m)

4) Identify t he product and Co mment on

( Honey/ Bee wax/ Sil k/ Ver mi compost)



162

5) Identify t he speci es and Co mment on

( Any speci es of eart hworm / honey bee)

6) Identify t he cast and Co mment on

( Honey bee wor ker/ drone/ queen)

Identificati on - 1/2 Marks

Co mment on - 11/2 Marks

Certified Record - 5 Marks

Documents

CURRI CULUM FOR BACHELOR’S PROGRAMMEIN ZOOLOGY