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CURRENT TOPICS IN CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS
(Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Cybernetics & Systems
21- 25 August, 1978 Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
Edited by
1. ROSE
Director-General, W.O.G.S.c.
Published by the World Organisation of General Systems and Cybernetics
Distributed on behalf of the W.O.G.S.c. by
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
This book may not be reprodueed by any means, in whole or in part, without the permission of the publishers
ISBN 978-3-642-93106-2 ISBN 978-3-642-93104-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-93104-8
([) by The World Organisation of General Systems and Cyberneties, e/o College of Teehnology,
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1978
Blaekburn, BB2 ILH, Laneashire, England
Sole distributor: SPRINGER-VERLAG Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
A. Wheaton & Co., Ud, Hennoek Road, Exeter EX2 8RP, Devon, England
Committee of Patrons of the Fourth International Congress of
Cybernetics and Systems
Chairman: His Excellency, Dr. M. W. J. M. PEJJNENBURG
Minister for Science Policy The Government of the Netherlands
Professor A. BALEVSKY, President, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences H. E. Monsieur R. BARRE, Prime Minister, The Republic of France Professor R. E. BELL, President, Royal Society of Canada Professor A. CARRELL!, President, National Lincean Academy of Sciences, Italy Professor H. G. B. CASIMIR, President, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Professor C. CHAGAS, President, Academy of Sciences, The Vatican Dr. E. E. DAVID, Jr., President, American Association for the Advancement of Science Professor R. K. DELL, President, Royal Society of New Zealand Professor S. DHA WAN, President, Indian Academy of Sciences Professor A. DVORETZKY, President, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Dr. S. EKLUND, Director-General, International Atomic Energy Authority Dr. S. L. FAWCETT, President, Battelle Memorial Institute, U.S.A. Professor H. GYLLENBERG, President, the Academy of Finland Professor Dr. H. HUNGER, President, Austrian Academy of Sciences Professor Ing. Dr. J. KOZESNiK, President, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Professor J. LAG, President, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Professor M. PARRA LEON, President, Venezuelan Academy of Physical Sciences, Mathe
matical and Natural Professor M. LORA-TAMAYO, President, Royal Spanish Academy of Exact Sciences,
Physical and Natural Professor M. MANESCU, Member, Romanian Academy of Sciences Professor G. F. MITCHELL, President, Royal Irish Academy Professor MOHAMMAD AFZAL, President, Pakistan Academy of Sciences Professor D. ROBINSON, Chairman, Social Science Research Council, U.K. Professor Dr. H. T. B. BACHTIAR RIFAI, Chairman, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Professor Dr. D. W. ROLLWAGEN, President, Bavarian Academy of Science, F.R.G. Dr. JONAS E. SALK, Director, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, U.S.A. Professor R. A. SMITH, President, Royal Society of Edinburgh, U.K. Professor Dr. H. H. VOIGT, President, G6ttingen Academy of Sciences, F.R.G. Dr. K. W ADA TI, President, The Japan Academy Professor P. J. ZEPOS, President, Athenian Academy, Greece
Chairman: Secretary: Members:
LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE
Fourth International Congress of Cybernetics and Systems
Mr. R. F. GEYER (Netherlands Universities' Joint Social Research Centre) Mr. K. VAN DER LAAN (as above) Professor H. A. BECKER (University of Utrecht) Dr. G. BROEKSTRA (Graduate School of Management, Delft) Dr. J. G. M. STERK (Director, Netherlands Universities' Joint Social
Research Centre) Professor G. DE ZEEUW (University of Amsterdam) Professor J. VAN DER ZOUWEN (Free University, Amsterdam)
List of Contents
FOREWORD PATRONS COMMITTEE LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE
SYMPOSIUM ON "SOCIAL SYSTEMS"
B. D. JOSEPHSON (U.K.)
O. RADEMAKER (Netherlands)
J. RANDERS (Norway)
A. RAPOPORT (U.S.A.) H. A. SIMON (U.S.A.)
A Theoretical Analysis of Higher states ofConsciousness and Meditation
Modelling and Simulation of Macro-Social Systems for Cybernetic Purposes
The Potential in Simulation of Macro-Social Processes or How to be a Useful Builder of Simulation Models
Simulation-Reality: A Feedback Loop Simulation of Large-Scale Systems by Aggregation
SYMPOSIUM ON "COMPUTER PRIVACY"
D. FIRNBERG (U.K.) F. HONDIUS (France) J. C. LAUTSCH (U.S.A.)
Y. MASUDA (Japan)
J. F. ENGELBERGER (U.S.A.) I. KATO (Japan) M. W. THRING (U.K.) H. J. WARNECKE, R. D. SCHRAFT and
E. ABELE (F.R.G.)
To be Effective, Privacy Needs Security! Computer Privacy-Regulatory Aspects Computers and the Law of Privacy: The American
Experience Privacy in the Future Information Society
SYMPOSIUM ON "ROBOTS"
Robotics and Society The Future of Robotics Telechirics Industrial Robot Today-Structure and Application
SECTION I-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
S. S. AGAIAN and A. G. SARUKHANIAN (U.S.S.R.)
M. ALFONSECA (Spain) C. ARCELLI and G. SANNITI DI BAJA (Italy) C. B. BALOGH and M. E. BALOGH (U.S.A.) A. GHOSE (India)
A. GHOSE (India)
R. GLANVILLE (U.K.) R. GLANVILLE and P. JACKSON (U.K.) I. M. KREIN (U.S.S.R.)
G. E. LASKER (Canada) A. loCKER (Austria) G. F. LUGER (U.K.)
M.1. MAGEE (U.S.A.)
V. MASNIKOSA (Yugoslavia)
L. J. MAZLACK (Canada) M. R. MILLAN and
P. L. DA R. FILHO (Brazil) H. NOMURA (Japan)
A Note on the Construction of Hadamard Matrices
Automatic Solution of Syllogisms and Sorites Role of Elongatedness in Digital Figure Compression On a Learning System Machine Intelligence and a Constructive Epistemo
logy Designing C.A.I. on Some Ideas of Artificial Intelli-
gence The Model's Dimensions: A Form for Argument Theory of Model Dimensions to Relational Databases Representation of the Environment in a Complex
Heterogeneous Stationary Random Medium Interactive Mobile Automata: Deterministic Models Elements of a Cybernetic Theory of Purposiveness The Mechanics Problem Solver: A Problem and
Goal-Driven Inferencing System Using Transducer Tremor to Refine Gray Level
Images Artificial Intelligence Structure Based on Associative
Space An AI Archetype Using Natural Language in a CAl System: The
Knowledge Base A Model for Knowledge Acquisition Srstems with
Problem Solver
Page
3
4
6 7 8
13 15
17 18
23 28 29 30
35
36 37 38
39
40 42 43
44 45 47
49
51
52 54
55
59
E. P. L. PASSOS, R. L. DE CARVALHO and S. R. PEIXOTO (Brazil)
F. D. PESCHANEL (F.R.G.)
H.-J. SCHEK (F.R.G.)
A. SCHREURS and H. BAART (Netherlands) L. SIKL6ssv and J. DREussI (U.S.A.) S. N. SRIHARI (U.S.A.)
P. T ANCIG, I. BRA TKO and S. TANCIG (Yugoslavia)
P. ZUNDE (U.S.A.)
Communication Predicates: A Complete Strategy for Resolution-Based Theorems-Provers: An Evaluation of an Implementation
Optimal lriformation Reduction Systems Require Multi-Layer-Structures
Automatic Error Detection in Natural Language Words
Cybernetics and Conceptual Analysis Negative Goals and Forbidden States Efficient Measurement Selection in Invariant Pattern
Recognition Mental Set Revisited in the Formal Manner
On the Problem of Representation
SECTION 2-CYBERNETICS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT
I. ASSA and T. PETROV (Bulgaria)
J. Y. Au LOGE, M. J. CAPRANO and A. DUSSAUCHOV (France)
J. BAJEC (Yugoslavia)
S. BfRLEA, T. HOMOS and C. SUCIU (Romania)
A. CHIKAN (Hungary)
E. A. DANIELIAN (U.S.S.R.)
W. DREGER (D.D.R.)
M. DUBOIS (Belgium)
B. HENGST (U.K.)
T. ISHIHARA (Japan) A. G. KEFALAS (U.S.A)
N. J. T. A. KRAMER (The Netherlands) A. KRAN (U.S.A.)
H. G. LAUENROTH (D.D.R.)
M. LUKKA (Finland)
J. A. DOMINGUEZ MACHUCA (Spain)
V. MATEJlC (Yugoslavia)
H. MVOKEN (Japan)
H. MVOKEN and Y. UCHIDA (Japan)
S. OSTOJI' (Yugoslavia)
V. PESCARU and I. CATONA (Romania)
S. PETROVIC-LAZAREVIC (Yugoslavia) M. Pf§EK (Czechoslovakia) G. A. PoPov (U.S.S.R.)
1. RUDOLPH (D.D.R.)
Cybernetic Approach to the Management of Economic Systems
Evolution of an Input-Output Leontief Matrix
The Correspondellce System as a Method of Interdependence Measurement in Comparative Development Analyses
Applied Entropic Concepts for Establishing the Orgallisatiollal Level in Machines Building Enterprises
The National Economy. as a Material Stock and Flow System
Asymptotical Investigation of the Virtual Waiting Time for Priority Queues in a Busy Store
Systematic and Goal-Oriented Targets for Systems Planning
Limits to Modeling and Optimal Control of Dynamic Systems in an Economy: Towards Another Operations Research
Development and Implementation of a Hierarchical Computer Aided Company Planning System
Cybernetics of Technology and Economic Growth Managing a Steady-State Firm. A Cybernetic
Framework Controlled Problem Solving in Management System Simulation and Cybernetics Affirm Potential
of Low Cost Solar Power Algorithmic Systems with Hierarchical Structure for
Control of Economic Processes The Environmental Effects of Economical Growth-A
Two-Level Mathematical Model The Choice of Policies in Socioeconomic Systems by
System Dynamics (Presentation of a Real Case) "Resistance" Towards Change and Its Effect on Deci
sion-Making Economic Cybernetics of lriformatics: Decision and
Control A System Modelling for the World Economy and
Control Simulation Analysis: A Two-Country Case lriformation Structure of Multi-Level Planning Pro
cesses in Self-Management Environment The Development of Management Systems for Data
Banks with Facilitiesfor Calculations Oil Tree-Like Information Structures
Self-Management Social Welfare Model Stochastic Experiments with an Econometric Model Some Remarks on the Theorem of Gnedenko and
Soloviev An Analytical Model for the Material Transforma
tion Process
Page
60
63
64 65 66
67 68
69
73 74
76
77
79
80
81
82
83 85
86 87
88
90
92
94
95
96
97
98
99 101 102
103
104
D. STODOLSKY (U.S.A.) R. STOJANOVIC (Yugoslavia)
R. TOMKINS and R. 1. BETTS (U.K.)
J. VOBOil.IL (Czechoslovakia)
M. WALKER, D. ELLIOTT, P. MCCABE and D. STOREY (U.K.)
J. WtGLARZ (Poland)
Information Systems for Self-Management The Role of the Motivation System in the Optimi:a
tion of Complex Economic System Theory and Practice with a System Dynamics Model
of the U.K. Economy Computational Experiments with an Economic Sys
tem Model A Cost Ahatement Model of the Ril'er Tees (in the
U.K.) 011 Certain Models of Resource Allocatioll Prohlems
SECTION 3-INDUSTRIAL CYBERNETICS
Y. ALEKAL (U.S.A.) A. ATHANASSOV (G.D.R.) S. BAJUREANU and C. BUDA (Romania)
G. BARTOLINI, G. CASALINO, F. DAVOLI, R. MINCIARDI and R. ZOPPOLI (Italy)
M. EREMIA and A. V. GHEORGHE (Romania)
A. V. GHEORGHE (Romania)
B. GLIKSMAN (Poland)
T. A. HYDE and D. W. C. SHEN (U.S.A.)
C. R. JOHNSON JR. (u.s.A.)
E. C. KOENIG (U.S.A.)
T. POSTON (Switzerland) B. H. RUDALL, R. F. W. COATES and
N. T. SHEPHEARD (U.K.)
L. L. TOVISSI, I. T. IVAN, E. N. MOSCOVICI, I. T. MIHAl, G. A. BALTATEANU and I. N. URSATEANU (Romania)
1. A. G. ZORBAS (Iran)
Some Aspects of Automated Quality Control 011 the Dual Adaptil'e Control of Stochastic Systems An Application of the Bajureallu-Buda Criteria in
On-Off Control Systems Algorithms for Direct Digital Control and their
Implementation on Micro-Computers The Stability of Large-Scale Systems in the Face of
Small Perturbations Information and Coherence in Large-Scale Energy
System Design Decision Tables in Computer-Aided Ellgineering Pro
jects A New Method for Optimizing Systems with Boun
ded-State Variahles Adaptive Control via Input Matching Despite Plant
Structure Uncertainty Application of Some Rules of Propositional Calculus
to the Design of Digital Systems: Introduction and Elimination Rules
Stability of Correct Reasoning A Compiler Technique for Modelling Multiprocessor
Systems Utilising Microprocessors of Arbitrary Architecture
A Model System for the Management of Discontinuous Processes in a Production Sector
Man's Reliability Under Operator Stress
SECTION 4-INFORMATICS AND EDUCATION
C. BILCIU and G. DIACONESCU (Romania)
M. C. BOTEZ and M. CELAC (Romania)
D. F. CAHN and 1. 1. HERR (U.S.A.)
F. COLLOT, M. BOUMOKRA, R. CASSE and J. RICARD (France)
R. DE MORI and E. PICCOLO (Italy)
J. L. ELOHIM (Mexico) W. GOFFMAN and M. L. PAO (U.S.A.) T. C. HELVEY (U.S.A.)
A. iRTEM (Turkey) K. LOWE (U.K.)
B. MICHAEL JAMES (U.K.)
C. MusEs (U.S.A.)
A. NIGRO (Italy) C. NIZNIK-WALTER (U.S.A.)
S. ODORLEJA (Romania)
The Information System for Educational Management Activity
Evolution Through Learning: An Image-Making Oriented Approach
Automatic Datahase Mapping and Translation Methods
Concept of P-Information
Automatic Detection and Recognition of Vowels in Continuous Speech
Towards a Scientific Theory of Pedagogy An Automatic Information System for Self-Learning Psycho-Cyhernetics of Human Behaviour with Special
Referellce to Learning Deficiency ill Children Simulation of Free Will A Cyhernetic Teaching System for Undergraduate
Engineers Some Systems Concepts and Educational Systems
Development Psycho-Cultural Cyhernetics: The Psycho-Dynamic
Cyhernetics of Acculturation Learning as Decoding Modelling of Computer Communication Networks via
Prohahilistic Automata Diversity and Unity in Cyhernetics
Page 106
107
109
110
112 113
117 119
120
121
122
123
124
125
128
130 131
132
133
135
139
141
142 143
143 145 146
147 148
ISO
lSI
154 156
157 158
T. RADECKI (Poland)
N. P. REDDY (U.S.A.) G. H. R. REISIG (U.S.A.)
B. H. RUDALL (U.K.)
A. M. SANDI (Romania)
N. A. SCHMAJUK and E. T. SEGURA (Argentina)
D. R. STEG and R. SCHULMAN (U.S.A.) G. E. V ERESS, T. BLICKLE, I. ISASZEGI-V ASS,
E. PUNGOR and K. SEITZ (Hungary)
A Model of a Document Retrieval System Based on the Conception of Semantic Disjunctive Normal Form
Information, Entropy and Knowledge Analysis of Nonstationary Data-Sets by Information
Filtering A Cybernetic Approach to the Specification and
Interfacing of Software Modules Learning Through New Information-A chan!!ing
Structure Oriented Approach Cybernetic Approach to Escape Learning in Toads
Universally Shared Attributes of Human Behaviour Application of the Structure Theory in Learning Sys
tems
SECTION 5-NEURO AND BIO-CYBERNETICS
E. BERNARD-WElL, P. NELSON, S. SELLAM, P. CURTZ and Y. CHERRUAULT (France)
G. CHAUVET and P. SIX (France)
Y. CHERRUAULT and A. GUILLEZ (France) CHUN CHIANG (Taiwan) J. T. CORLETT, T. W. CALVERT and
E. W. BANISTER (Canada) V. DROZEN (Czechoslovakia) W. DUCHTING (F.R.G.)
M. DuPUY (France) T. B. FOWLER (U.S.A.)
B. K. GILBERT, L. M. KRUEGER, E. R. SWARTZLANDER JR., D. E. ATKINS, A. CHU and E. L. RITMAN (U.S.A.)
B. JAMES (U.K.) M. KLJAJIC, A. TRNKOCZY and U. STANIC
(Yugoslavia) E. KOHEN, C. KOHEN, 1. G. HIRSCHBERG,
A. W. WOUTERS and P. BARTICK (U.S.A.) K. V. LEUNG, H. D. MIDDENDORF and
K. S. O'MARA (Canada) M. D. LEVINE and Y. M. YOUSSEF (Canada)
1. P. MAINGUY (France)
G. C. MANGIAMELI (Italy) R. MORENo-DiAZ, E. RUBIO and
F. RUBIO Royo (Spain) R. MORENO-DiAZ and O. SANTANA (Spain)
T. G. MORRIS (U.S.A.)
J. S. NICOLlS, E. N. PROTONARIOS and M. THEOLOGOU (Greece)
H. POLAND, A. GIEBLER and R. WOLOSZCZAK (F.R.G.)
J. F. SCHUH-MoRENO (Spain) G. D. SWANSON (U.S.A.)
F. TABARY, P. NELSON, G. LAVERGNAT, M. LANDAU, G. GEDEON and E. VALENTINI (France)
W. WOLF, G. HAUSKE and U. Lupp (F.R.G.)
A Modelfor the Regulation of Agonistic-Antagonistic Couple in the Field of Medical Therapeutics, Mathematical Study and Other Applications
Theoretical Analysis of Bronchial Elasticity and Regional Inequalities in the Ventilation Mechanism
Analytical Solution of a Respiration Model Cybernetic Elucidation of the Nerve Action Potential The Cybernetics of Human Physical Performance
Combinatory Spaces and Memory Simulation of Disturbed Cell Renewal Systems by
Means of a Microprocessor System Operating Model of the Nephron A Thermodynamic Definition of the Computer and
Its Application to Biological Systems Application of Optimized Parallel Processing Digital
Computers and Numerical Approximation Methods to the Ultra-High Speed Three Dimensional Reconstruction of the Intact Thorax
The Cybernetics of Musical Appreciation Energy-Information Performance Criteria of Walking
Multichannel Analysis of Intracellular Control and Intercellular Transfer of Molecules
On the Development of a Twin Exponential Model Fitting Process
An Automatic Picture Processing Method for Tracking and Quantifying the Dynamics of Blood Cell Motion
Optimal Control of Haemodynamical Parameters in Heart Disease
Bio- and Neurocybernetic Models of the Living Being A Generalized Model for Non-Linear Retinal Pro
cessing A Program Framework for Experimenting with
Retinal Models The Use of the Medical Record as Feedback Control
For Medical Information Centers Communication Between Two Self-Organising Sys
tems Modelled by Controlled Markov Chains A Program Library for Computing the Parameters
of Linear Compartment Models in Pharmacokinetics
Variable Random Nerve Nets Input Stimulus Design for Model Discrimination in
Human Respiratory Control Study of the Nervous Command During Walking
Adaptive Filters and Eye Movements in Perception
Page
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163
164
165 166
169
170
175
176 178 179 180
183
184 186
187
189 192 194
195
197
199
200 201 202
204
205
207
208 210
211 213
214
SECTION 6-S0CIAL SYSTEMS
K. BALK US and W. T. OLSEN (U.S.A.)
B. H. BANATHY (U.S.A.)
T. BAUMGARTNER (Belgium)
H. A. BECKER (The Netherlands) 1. R. BENIGER (U.S.A.)
T. BISH and 1. RHEINFRANK (U.S.A.)
D. M. M. BOOKER (U.S.A.)
M. BOOT (The Netherlands) G. R. BOYNTON (U.S.A.)
T. R. BURNS (Norway)
D. T. BURTON (U.s.A.)
A. CORNELIS (The Netherlands) C. R. DECHERT (U.S.A.) W. DIJKSTRA and 1. V AN DER ZOCWEN
(The Netherlands) G. DIJKHUIS (The Netherlands) W. DREGER (Germany)
1. L. ELOHIM (Mexico) R. F. ERLANDSON (U.S.A.) M. L. ESTEP (U.S.A.)
A. L. GOUDSMIT (The Netherlands) R. HARMSEN and L. PEPPARD (New Guinea)
R. L. HENSHEL (Canada)
P. VAN DER HIJDEN (The Netherlands) S. C. IVERSON (Eire)
S. T. lUTILA (U.S.A.) A. KATSENELINBOIGEN (U.S.A.) A. G. KEFALAS and A. W. SMITH (U.SA)
W. 1. M. KICKERT (The Netherlands)
H. KOPPELAAR (The Netherlands) 1. VAN KUILENBURG, M. C. V.D. LINDT and
H. F. L. OTTENS (The Netherlands) D. McL. LAMBERTON (Australia)
L. LANGMAN (U.S.A.)
G. E. LASKER (Canada) N. LUHMANN (F.R.G.) S. MAKRIDAKIS and C. FAUCHEAUX (France) B. MALDE (U.K.) D. MALIC (Yugoslavia)
A. 1. MATEJKO (Canada) M. MAZUR (Poland) R. MERTENS (Belgium)
Achievement as an Analysis Unit for Studying Sociocultural Systems
A System Model of Energr-Focused Enrironmental Education
A Systems Model for the Analysis of Industrial Democracy Reforms
Computer-Simulation of Social Systems: A Surrey Control Theory and Social Change: Toward a Syn
thesis of the S\,stem and Action Approaches The Technological Enrironment and Organisation
Boundary Conditions: A Theoretical Discussion of Opening and Closing Phenomena with Design Implications
Are Societies Turing Machines:) Some Implications of the Cyclical Majority Prohlem, An N.P. Complete Prohlem for Cyhernetic Models of Social Systems
Redundancy in Natural Language Processing Political Attention and Got'etnment Stimulation of the
Economy Actors, Games and Systems. The Dialectics of Social
Action and System Structuring Methodology and Epistemology for Second Order
Cyhernetics A Semiotic Model of Society as a Learning Process Central Decision-Making in Pluralistic Systems Toward a Theory of Artifacts in the Survey-Interview
A Formalization of the Cognitive Dissonance Theory Simulation and Its Application to the Behaviour of
Social Systems The Verification of the Systems Theory hy Philosophy The Participant-Ohserver Reviewed A Siggs Information Theoretic Characterization of
Qualitative Knowing: Cyhernetic and Siggs Theory Models
A Systems-Formalism for Human Attrihutions Boom- Town Bust- Town: A Systems Model for Socie
tal Exploitation Disciplinary Prestige and the Accuracy of Social Pre
dictions as a Deviation-Amplifying F eedhack The Method of Interactive Simulation Nutrition Planning for Aid to the Poor: An Appli-
cation of the Policy Delphi Methodology Social Gaming and Control hy Dislocations LahUe and Inl'Uriahle Valuations The State Goals Groups and the Private Enterprise:
A Conceptual Framework A Structural Model of Organizational Decision
Making A Model of Oligarchization The System-Dynamics Approach for Urhan Models
in the Western European Context In/ormation-Intensive Social Systems: Some Research
Developments and Policy Implications Social Structure, Personality and Affect: A Systems
Approach Cyhernetic Model of Man Temporalization of Complexity Morphogenesis and Management: Some Implications The Puhlic Use of Computers-- The Way Ahead Social Systems, "Social Order" and "Entropy
Reserves" in Society The Structural Criteria of Social System Maturity Cyhernetic Theorems of Feedhack in Social Processes From Ecology to an Extension of Systems-Analysis
Page
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221
222 224
225
227
228 230
231
232
233 234 237 238
239
240 242 243
245 246
247
248 249
251 252 253
255
256 258
261
262
263 265 267 268 269
270 271 273 276
J. G. MILLER and B. J. JONES (U.S.A.)
S. MIYAMOTO, H. IHARA, K. HARUNA and S. KARIY A (Japan)
C. A. MusES (U.S.A.)
G. P. NOORDZIJ (The Netherlands) M. NOWAKOWSKA (Poland) M. NOWAKOWSKA (Poland) M. POLIAKINE (Israel)
D. PONIZ (Yugoslavia)
J. M. SCANDliRA (U.S.A.)
I. SILVERMAN (U.S.A.) I. SOTEROPOUWU (France)
D. STEG and R. SCHULMAN (U.S.A.) J. W. SUTHERLAND (U.S.A.)
J. K. DE VREE (The Netherlands) I. WALLIMAN (U.S.A.)
M. A. P. WILLMER (U.K.)
M. ZWICK (U.S.A.)
Alteration of Information in Channels: A Cross-Level Analysis
Steps-A Planning and Designing Support System for Urban Transit Systems
PsychQ-Cultural Cybernetics: The PsychQ-Dynamic Cybernetics of Acculturation
System and Policy A Model of Voice Allocation During Discussion Foundations of a Formal Theory of Social Change Elements of Discontinuity Within Long-Term Archi-
tectural Projects Automatic System of Classification of the Data from
Social Subsystems and Its Compatible Use Human Problem-Solving: A Systems Cybernetic View
from the Top The Social Order and Prophetic Practice The Entropy Law and the Subject-Object Problem
atic Universally Shared Attributes of Human Behavior Bounding the Relevance of System Dynamics: A Con
textual Analysis The Conditions for Social and Political Equilibria The Dialectical Method and Its Compatibility with
Modern Systems Theory An Information- Theoretic Approach to the Organiza
tion of Police Forces Dialectics and Catastrophe
SECTION 7-SYSTEMS AND MODELS INCLUDING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
P. A. WEISS (U.S.A.)
A. J. BAHM (U.S.A.) M. J. BALAS (U.S.A.) T. BLiCKLE (Hungary) C. BOGDANSKI (France)
M. R. BRETT-CROWTHER (U.K.) T. R. BURNS (Sweden) R. M. CAPOCELLI and L. M. RICCIARDI (Italy)
C. CARLSSON (Finland) M. CHATTERJI (U.S.A.)
J. L. EWHIM (Mexico) J. L. EWHIM (Mexico) F. FELDBRUGGE (The Netherlands) J. P. IGNIZIO (U.S.A.)
J. JARON (Poland)
P. JEDRZEJOWICZ (Poland) T. JELENIEWSKI (Poland)
M. KOKAR (Poland)
B. LAKATOS (Hungary) C. G. D. MAARSCHALK (The Netherlands)
C. G. D. MAARSCHALK (The Netherlands) A. J. MAYNE (U.K.) K. MORI, A. TSliBOI and H. IHARA (Japan)
E. NAGY (Hungary) J. BARRINGTON NEVITT (Canada) H. T. PRANEVITCHIUS (U.S.S.R.) T. L. REGULINSKI (U.S.A.)
Introductory Paper to Section-Analytical Research has Proved the Systems Character of all Nature
Cybernetics as a Systems Philosophy Feedback Control of Linear Diffusion Processes Technical Chemical Systems as Conservation Systems Introduction to a General Theory of Spontaneous
Self-Regulating Entities The Cybernetics of Environmental Decision-Making Self-Altering Systems A Cybernetic Approach to Population Dynamics
Modeling A System of Problems and How to Deal With It A Socio-Econometric Model of Health Care Systems
in U.S.A. Vers Une Theorie Vraiment Scientifique des Systemes Technology is a Reflection of Natural Systems Systems Science: Chaos or Harmony Goal Programming: The Methodology and Its Appli
cation to the Pennsylvania Coal Model A Categorical Approach to the Equilibrium and
Stability Problems in General System Theory Reliability of an Organisation Some Theoretical Problems of the Layout and Con
nection Tasks in the Design of Technical Systems A System Approach to a Search of Laws of Empirical
Theories Balance Equations of Technical Chemical Systems How General can the Systems Theory be for the
Reduction in Social and Natural Sciences A Systems Model of Human Behaviour A Cybernetic Approach to Systems Modelling Decentralized Man-Man Computer-Aided Communi-
cation System for Train Regulation Studies on Conservation Systems Ecological Rationality Beyond Cybernetics Numerical-Analytical Simulation of Markov Systems Markovian Formulation of Computer Network Per-
formance
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J. R. SAMPSON and M. DUBREUIL (Canada)
J. P. SCHELLHORN (Switzerland) H. EL SHISHINY and J. C. ONILLON (France)
C. L. SIMIONESCU (Romania) J. SZEPVDLGYI (Hungary) A. M. TJOA and R. R. WAGNER (Austria)
P. M. TRUSSELL (U.S.A.) N. S. TZANNES and T. AVGERIS (Greece)
Cl. VALLET, H. LE GUYADER, TH. MOULIN, A. BOUHOU and L. LAFRENIERE (France)
y. J. VANBEVEREN (Belgium)
H. E. WILLIAMS (U.K.)
A Computer Simulation System for Modeling Spatial Dynamics in Community Ecology
Some Simple Multi-Level Models Modelling and Control of a Population of Greenhouse
Aleurodes Notes on a Mathematical Model in Plasma Physics Studies of an Operational Unit System Family A Mathematical Systems- Theory of Datahase Sys
tems Cycles and Systems with Living Parts A New Approach to the Estimation of Contilluous
Spectra Illtegratioll of their Em'ironmellt
011 Distrihuted Computing for Large Systems Identification
Selecting Techniques for Envirollmental Evaluatioll: A Systems Approach
SECTION 8-FUZZY SYSTEMS
J. M. hflAMO and M. KARSKY (France)
S. GOTTWALD (D.D.R.) J. KACPRZYK (Poland)
J. KACPRZYK (Poland)
W. J. M. KICKERT (The Netherlands) M. MIZUMOTO and K. TANAKA (Japan)
c. V. NEGOITA (Romania) M. NOWAKOWSKA (Poland) S. A. ORLOVSKY (U.S.S.R.)
D. S. RALESCU (U.S.A.) D. I. SHAPIRO and J. I. TORGOV (U.S.S.R.) G. SOMMER (F.R.G.) A. TASNADI (Romania) R. M. TONG (U.K.)
F. WENST0P (Norway) S. T. WIERZCHON and J. ZALEWSKI (Poland)
R. R. YAGER (U.S.A.) M. ZELENY (U.S.A.)
Applicatioll of Fuzzy Logic to the Design of a Behavioural Model in an Industrial Environment
Ulliverses of Fuzzy Sets, Closed Ullder Fuzzijicatioll Brallch-and-Bound Algorithms for Decision-Making
in a Fuzzy Environment Fuzzy Terminatioll Time in Decision-Making ill a
Fuzzy Environment Towards an Analysis of Linguistic Modelling Some Properties of Fuzzy Sets under Various Oper-
ations On Fuzzy Systems Fuzzy Reasoning and Diaiogues Decision-Making with a Fuzzy Preference Relation
in a Fuzzy Set of Alternatives Ordering, Preferences and Fuzzy Optimization Fuzzy Integral Games On Fuzzy Information Retrieval Fuzzy Systems and Learning Models An Analysis of Fuzzy Models and a Discussion of
Their Limitations Verhal Formulation of Fuzzy Dynamic Systems On Some Equivalence Between Control Theory and
Decision-Making Theory On the Need for Memhership Grades ill Fuzzy Sets Memhership Functions and Their Assessment
OPEN FORUM-"SCIENCE AND SOCIETY"
Chairman: Professor H. G. B. CASIMIR, President Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences
U. S. VON EULER (Sweden) J. KATES (Canada)
F. E. WICKMAN (Sweden)
B. D. JOSEPHSON (U.K.)
Science in Relation to Society Science and Technology: Routes to Glohal Inter
dependence How to Get Society to Appreciate the Economic,
Value of Science and Mathematics Introduction to Discussion
SPECIAL PRE-CONGRESS MEETING-"BENEFITS OF CONCEPTUAL UNIFICATION"
M. R. MANTZ (The Netherlands) Why Conceptual Unificatioll?
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Foreword
This book is a record of the contents of the papers accepted by the Congress Committee for presentation at the Fourth International Congress of Cybernetics and Systems (Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 21-25 August 1978). Two hundred and forty-five papers from authors from thirty-three countries of all the five continents are included. The papers are presented in an abridged form in order to highlight the main themes and produce a book that is both readable and relatively inexpensive. It was felt that after the publication of the weighty and rather costly form of the Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Cybernetics and Systems held in Bucharest, Romania in 1975 (Modern Trends in Cybernetics and Systems, eds. Rose and Bilciu, W.O.G.S.c. and Springer-Verlag, 1977; 3 volumes about 3500 pages; $150), an abridged but comprehensive version would be more acceptable to readers. It is worth noting that the full names and addresses of authors are given for each paper, and requests to authors for more information and even full-scale papers would produce a positive response. As a matter of interest, each paper carries, in addition, brief summaries. The papers are arranged in each section or symposium in the alphabetical order of authors' names; this is not necessarily the order of presentation at the Congress.
Eight sections, three symposia, an Open Forum and a pre-Congress venue form the backbone of the Congress, which will also comprise other activities, such as Poster Sessions, International Computer Chess Tournament, various fringe meetings, etc.; also a few suitable papers accepted after the printer's deadline, but which will be presented at the congress, do not appear in this book. These additional activities are not considered here, since the book has to appear before the commencement of the Congress. The symposia and sections are as follows (figures in brackets denote the number of papers): Symposia on Social Systems (5), Computer Privacy (4) and Robots (4); Sections on Artificial Intelligence (24), Cybernetics of Economic Systems and Management (31), Industrial Cybernetics and Automation (14), Informatics and Education (23), Neuro. and Bio-Cybernetics (26), Social Systems (56), Systems and Models (37), and Fuzzy Systems (18); Open Forum (3).
It may be seen that in addition to the Symposium on Social Systems there is also an extensive Section on the same topic (56 papers). In accordance with previous practices, each triennial event has a main theme. Thus the Third Congress in Bucharest had as its main topic "Economic Cybernetics and Management", while the emphasis of the Fourth Amsterdam Congress is on "Social Systems". The preparation of the Symposium and section on Social Systems was entirely in the hands of Professor J. Van Der Zouwen (Free University, Amsterdam) and his colleagues to whom I am most grateful for their splendid co-operation and goodwill.
Finally, I wish to thank the Dutch Local Arrangements Committee for their valuable assistance; I am especially grateful to Mr. Felix Geyer for his untiring and unstinting help in connection with the Proceedings and the Congress itself. I hope that the Fourth Congress will mark an important milestone in the history of cybernetics and systems and buttress the vital contribution of these inter- and trans-disciplinary sciences to the welfare of mankind.
J. ROSE
Blackburn, May, 1978
