Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American

Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons

Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle

Units.

The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England

Current Awareness in

Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD

June 2016

CONTENTS

General Toxicology 6 Metals 35

Management 15 Pesticides 36

Drugs 18 Chemical Warfare 38

Chemical Incidents & Pollution

28 Plants 39

Chemicals 29 Animals 40

CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH

Lithium poisoning in the intensive care unit: predictive factors of severity and indications for extracorporeal toxin removal to improve outcome Vodovar D, El Balkhi S, Curis E, Deye N, Mégarbane B. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1185110:

Context Lithium is responsible for life-threatening poisoning, not consistently improved by extracorporeal toxin removal (ECTR). Objective

Our aim was to identify predictive factors on admission of poisoning severity and based on an evaluation of practice, report indications for ECTR susceptible to improve outcome Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study including all lithium-poisoned patients admitted to the ICU in a university hospital. The usual clinical, biological and toxicological variables were collected. Poisoning severity was defined by seizures, catecholamine infusion, mechanical ventilation >48 h and/or fatality. Univariate followed by multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify prognosticators of poisoning severity and ECTR use.

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Results

From 1992 to 2013, 128 lithium-poisoned patients including acutely (10%), acute-on-chronically (63%) and chronically poisoned patients (27%) were included. The presumed ingested dose of lithium was 17.0 g [8.0–24.5] (median [25th–75th percentiles]). Serum lithium concentrations were 2.6 mmol/l [1.5–4.6], 2.8 mmol/l [1.8-4.5] and 2.8 mmol/l [2.1-3.0] on admission, peaking at 3.6 mmol/l [2.6; 6.2], 4.3 mmol/l [2.4; 6.2] and 2.8 mmol/l [2.1; 3.1] in the three groups, respectively. Severe poisoning occurred in 48 patients (38%) including four fatalities. Using the regression analysis, predictive factors of poisoning severity were Glasgow coma score ≤10 (Odds ratio (OR), 11.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), [4.1-33.3], p < 0.0001) and lithium concentration 5.2 mmol/l (OR, 6.0; CI, [1.7–25.5], p = 0.005). Ninety-eight patients (77%) developed acute kidney injury according to KDIGO criteria and 22 (17%) were treated with ECTR. Peak lithium concentration 5.2 mmol/l (OR, 22.4; CI, [6.4–96.4]; p < 0.0001) and peak creatinine concentration 200 µmol/l (OR, 5.0; CI, [1.4–19.2]; p = 0.01) were associated with ECTR use. Only 21/46 patients who presented one of these two criteria were actually treated with ECTR. More significant neurological impairment persisted on discharge in patients not treated with ECTR (p = 0.0007) despite not significantly shorter length of ICU stay. Conclusions

Lithium poisoning is responsible for severe impairments but rare fatalities. Severity can be predicted on admission using Glasgow coma score and lithium concentration. Our results suggest that ECTR could be indicated if serum lithium 5.2 mmol/l or creatinine 200 µmol/l.

Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2016.1185110

Clinical toxicity following analytically confirmed use of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-CHMICA. A report from the Identification Of Novel psychoActive substances (IONA) study Hill SL, Najafi J, Dunn M, Acheampong P, Kamour A, Grundlingh J, Blain PG, Thomas SHL. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early:

doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1190980:

Context Recreational use of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptors Agonists (SCRAs) has become increasingly common in many countries and may cause severe toxic effects. Objective To describe the clinical features of toxicity in seven men after analytically confirmed exposure to MDMB-CHMICA, a recently described indole-based SCRA. Materials and methods Clinical information and biological samples (blood, urine) were collected from patients with severe toxicity after suspected use of novel psychoactive substances. Samples were analyzed by data-independent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Case reports All seven cases were men who presented to hospitals in England between July and October 2015; six reported smoking "legal high" products. In all cases, MDMB-CHMICA was identified in blood samples taken on admission to hospital. Other substances were identified in four cases (methadone 1, methiopropamine 1, other SCRAs 2). Clinical features in all seven cases and in the three exposed to MDMB-CHIMICA alone included acidosis (7/7 and 3/3) which

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was respiratory (3/7 and 3/3), metabolic (3/7 and 0/3) or mixed (1/7, 0/3), reduced level of consciousness (6/7 and 3/3), mydriasis (5/7 and 3/3), tachycardia (5/7 and 2/3), bradycardia (2/7 and 1/3), tonic-clonic convulsions (2/7 and 1/3) and agitation (3/7 and 1/3). Recovery occurred within 24 h in all cases except one male also exposed to methiopropamine. Conclusions Analytically confirmed exposure to MDMB-CHMICA was associated with acidosis (often of respiratory origin), reduced level of consciousness, mydriasis, heart rate disturbances and convulsions.

Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2016.1190980

Clinical characteristics of -pyrrolidinovalerophenone (-PVP) poisoning Umebachi R, Aoki H, Sugita M, Taira T, Wakai S, Saito T, Inokuchi S. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1166508:

Context -Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (-PVP) is a synthetic cathinone that has been abused in recent years. The clinical presentation of acute -PVP poisoning has not been well characterized. Objective To elucidate the clinical features of acute -PVP poisoning. Materials and methods This retrospective case series included eight subjects that visited our hospital emergency department (ED) between March 2012 and November 2014 and had analytically confirmed blood -PVP levels. Data related to subject demographics, clinical history, laboratory findings, blood drug levels, and outcome were collected. Results The median age of the eight study subjects was 27 (range; 21-63) years, and six were male. Drug preparations had been administered by rectal insertion (three subjects) or inhalation (five subjects). The time between drug exposure and presentation at the ED was 8.5 (1-24) h and blood -PVP concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 52.5 ng/ml. Although psychiatric and neurological findings were reported before arrival at the ED in 5/8 and 7/8 subjects, respectively, these were only observed in 1/8 and 2/8 subjects, respectively, at the ED. Symptoms of high body temperature (3/8), tachycardia (5/8), hypertension (3/8), acid-base balance disorder (5/8), coagulopathy (4/6), blood creatinine phosphokinase >190 U/l (6/8), and a blood lactate level > 1.7 mmol/l (5/7) were observed. All subjects survived and were discharged. Conclusions This retrospective case series showed that after acute exposure to -PVP, transient neuropsychiatric findings were accompanied by more persistent sympathomimetic physical findings, disorders of acid-base balance and blood coagulation, high blood creatinine phosphokinase, and hyperlactacidemia.

Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2016.1166508

Determinants of hepatotoxicity after repeated supratherapeutic paracetamol ingestion; systematic review of reported cases Acheampong P, Thomas SHL. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.13028:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13028

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N-acetylcysteine regimens for paracetamol overdose: Time for a change? Wong A, Graudins A. Emerg Med Australas 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12610:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12610

Adverse reactions to intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol poisoning Sandilands EA, Morrison EE, Bateman DN. Adverse Drug React Bull 2016; 297: 1147-50.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000015

Severe and fatal pharmaceutical poisoning in young children in the UK Anderson M, Hawkins L, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Thomas SHL. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101: 653-6.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309921

Long-term pulmonary complications of chemical weapons exposure in former poison gas factory workers Nishimura Y, Iwamoto H, Ishikawa N, Hattori N, Horimasu Y, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Kondo K, Hamada H, Awai K, Kohno N. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28: 343-8.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2016.1173133

Reliability of a decision-tree model in predicting occupational lead poisoning in a group of highly exposed workers Stoia M, Kurtanjek Z, Oancea S. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 575-82.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22589

Phosphine toxicity: a story of disrupted mitochondrial metabolism Sciuto AM, Wong BJ, Martens ME, Hoard-Fruchey H, Perkins MW. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/nyas.13081:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13081

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Blood mercury levels and fish consumption in pregnancy: risks and benefits for birth outcomes in a prospective observational birth cohort Taylor CM, Golding J, Emond AM. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.004:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.004

Risk of miscarriage in women receiving antidepressants in early pregnancy, correcting for induced abortions Almeida ND, Basso O, Abrahamowicz M, Gagnon R, Tamblyn R. Epidemiology 2016; 27: 538-46.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000484

Acquired color vision defects and hexane exposure: a study of San Francisco Bay Area automotive mechanics Beckman S, Eisen EA, Bates MN, Liu S, Haegerstrom-Portnoy G, Hammond SK. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183: 969-76.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv328

Characteristic manifestations of acute paint thinner-intoxicated children Agin K, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Shadnia S, Rahimi HR. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45: 15-9.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.001

Use of antipsychotics and risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis Yu Z-h, Jiang H-y, Shao L, Zhou Y-y, Shi H-y, Ruan B. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12985:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12985

Detection of snake venom in post-antivenom samples by dissociation treatment followed by enzyme immunoassay Maduwage KP, O'Leary MA, Silva A, Isbister GK. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8: 130.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050130

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TOXICOLOGY General Baud FJ, Houzé P, Villa A, Borron SW, Carli P. Toxicodynetics: a new discipline in clinical toxicology. Ann Pharm Fr 2016; 74: 173-89. Borgert CJ, Becker RA, Carlton BD, Hanson M, Kwiatkowski PL, Sue MM, McCarty LS, Quill TF, Solomon K, Van Der Kraak G, Witorsch RJ, Yi KD. Does GLP enhance the quality of toxicological evidence for regulatory decisions? Toxicol Sci 2016; 151: 206-13. Grandjean P. Paracelsus revisited: the dose concept in a complex world. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12622: Stephens ML, Betts K, Beck NB, Cogliano V, Dickersin K, Fitzpatrick S, Freeman J, Gray G, Hartung T, McPartland J, Rooney AA, Scherer RW, Verloo D, Hoffmann S. The emergence of systematic review in toxicology. Toxicol Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw059: Wages PA, Cheng W-Y, Gibbs-Flournoy E, Samet JM. Live-cell imaging approaches for the investigation of xenobiotic-induced oxidant stress. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; not published, 09 Jun 16:

Analytical toxicology Almutary A, Sanderson BJ. The MTT and crystal violet assays: potential confounders in nanoparticle toxicity testing. Int J Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1091581816648906: Anantharam P, Shao D, Imerman PM, Burrough E, Schrunk D, Sedkhuu T, Tang S, Rumbeiha W. Improved tissue-based analytical test methods for orellanine, a biomarker of cortinarius mushroom intoxication. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8: 158. Coleman R, Lemire SW, Bragg W, Garrett A, Ojeda-Torres G, Hamelin E, Johnson RC, Thomas J. Development and validation of a high-throughput online solid phase extraction – liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of tetrodotoxin in human urine. Toxicon 2016; 119: 64-71. Ellis AD, McGwin G, Davis GG, Dye DW. Identifying cases of heroin toxicity where 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) is not detected by toxicological analyses. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12024-016-9780-2: Escuder-Vieco D, Garcia-Algar O, Joya X, Marchei E, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Pallas-Alonso CR. Breast milk and hair testing to detect illegal drugs, nicotine, and caffeine in donors to a human milk bank. J Hum Lact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0890334416648110: Hill VA, Schaffer MI, Stowe GN. Carboxy-THC in washed hair: still the reliable indicator of marijuana ingestion. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 345-9. Kam J, Zhang Q, Lin J, Liu J, Wang RK, Rezaei K.

Optical coherence tomography based microangiography findings in hydroxychloroquine toxicity. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6: 178-83. Kristofic JJ, Chmiel JD, Jackson GF, Vorce SP, Holler JM, Robinson SL, Bosy TZ. Detection of 25C-NBOMe in three related cases. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw035: Lee Y-J, Rahman MM, Abd El-Aty AM, Choi J-H, Chung HS, Kim S-W, Abdel-Aty AM, Shin H-C, Shim J-H. Detection of three herbicide, and one metabolite, residues in brown rice and rice straw using various versions of the QuEChERS method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 210: 442-50. Naksen W, Prapamontol T, Mangklabruks A, Chantara S, Thavornyutikarn P, Robson MG, Ryan PB, Barr DB, Panuwet P. A single method for detecting 11 organophosphate pesticides in human plasma and breastmilk using GC-FPD. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1025: 92-104. Negreira N, Kinyua J, De BN, Maudens K, van Nuijs AL. Identification of in vitro and in vivo human metabolites of the new psychoactive substance nitracaine by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/?s00216-016-9616-7: Neifeld JR, Regester LE, Holler JM, Vorce SP, Magluilo J, Jr., Ramos G, Bosy TZ. Ultrafast screening of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones in urine by rapidfire-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 379-87. Rhee J, Yum H, Moon S, In S, Lee S, Seo J. Rotenone analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with information-dependent acquisition in a fatal case of rotenone poisoning with a commercial organic insecticide being sold in Korea. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw032: Saraner N, Özkan GY, Güney B, Alkan E, Burul-Bozkurt N, Saglam O, Fikirdesici E, Yildirim M. Determination of albendazole sulfoxide in human plasma by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1022: 1-5. Sun F, Ding J, Yu H, Gao R, Wang H, Pei C. Identification of new binding sites of human transferrin incubated with organophosphorus agents via Q Exactive LCMS/MS. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1022: 256-64. Swortwood MJ, Ellefsen KN, Wohlfarth A, Diao X, Concheiro-Guisan M, Kronstrand R, Huestis MA. First metabolic profile of PV8, a novel synthetic cathinone, in human hepatocytes and urine by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/?s00216-016-9599-4: Taghvimi A, Hamishehkar H, Ebrahimi M. Development and validation of a magnetic solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methadone in urine. J Sep Sci 2016; online early:

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doi: 10.1002/jssc.201600030: Tominaga M, Michiue T, Oritani S, Ishikawa T, Maeda H. Evaluation of postmortem drug concentrations in bile compared with blood and urine in forensic autopsy cases. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 367-73. Yan L, Chen J, Xu B, Guo L, Xie Y, Tang J, Xie J. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method on in vitro nerve agents poisoning characterization and reactivator efficacy evaluation by determination of specific peptide adducts in acetylcholinesterase. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1450: 86-93.

Biomarkers Anantharam P, Shao D, Imerman PM, Burrough E, Schrunk D, Sedkhuu T, Tang S, Rumbeiha W. Improved tissue-based analytical test methods for orellanine, a biomarker of cortinarius mushroom intoxication. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8: 158. Facchin F, Catalani S, Bianconi E, De PD, Stea S, Toni A, Canaider S, Beraudi A. Albumin as marker for susceptibility to metal ions in metal-on-metal hip prosthesis patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116650011: Kalabat DY, Vitsky A, Scott W, Kindt E, Hayes K, John-Baptiste A, Huang W, Yang AH. Identification and evaluation of novel microRNA biomarkers in plasma and feces associated with drug-induced intestinal toxicity. Toxicol Pathol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0192623316644992: Ke Y, Huang L, Xia J, Xu X, Liu H, Li YR. Comparative study of oxidative stress biomarkers in urine of cooks exposed to three types of cooking-related particles. Toxicol Lett 2016; 255: 36-42. Ratelle M, Côté J, Bouchard M. Time courses and variability of pyrethroid biomarkers of exposure in a group of agricultural workers in Quebec, Canada. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 767-83. Souza LD, da Cruz LA, Cerqueira EM, Meireles J. Micronucleus as biomarkers of cancer risk in anabolic androgenic steroids users. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116650005: Zhang Y-X, Yang X, Zou P, Du P-F, Wang J, Jin F, Jin M-J, She Y-X. Nonylphenol toxicity evaluation and discovery of biomarkers in rat urine by a metabolomics strategy through HPLC-QTOF-MS. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13: 501.

Body packers Shabani M, Zamani N, Hassanian-Moghaddam H. Endoscopic retrieval of baggies in body stuffers. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4: E443-E445.

Carcinogenicity Karin M, Dhar D. Liver carcinogenesis: from naughty chemicals to soothing fat and the surprising role of NRF2. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37: 541-6.

Souza LD, da Cruz LA, Cerqueira EM, Meireles J. Micronucleus as biomarkers of cancer risk in anabolic androgenic steroids users. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116650005: Suh M, Thompson CM, Brorby GP, Mittal L, Proctor DM. Inhalation cancer risk assessment of cobalt metal. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79: 74-82. Taeger D, McCunney R, Bailer U, Barthel K, Küpper U, Brüning T, Morfeld P, Merget R. Cross-sectional study on nonmalignant respiratory morbidity due to exposure to synthetic amorphous silica. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 376-84.

Cardiotoxicity Achaiah A, Andrews N. Intoxication with alcohol: an underestimated trigger of Brugada syndrome? JRSM Open 2016; 7: 2054270416640153. Baydin A, Amanvermez R, Çelebi HE, Tunçel ÖK, Demircan S. Pentraxin 3, ischemia-modified albumin and myeloperoxidase in predicting a cardiac damage in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.05.043: Chen J, Chen S, Mao W. A case of survival: myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmia induced by severe hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Cardiology 2016; 135: 43-7. Elsheshtawy M, Sriganesh P, Virparia V, Patel F, Khanna A. Synthetic marijuana induced acute nonischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Case Rep Cardiol 2016; 2016: 9625758. Madias JE. "Carbon monoxide poisoning"-triggered cardiomyopathy and takotsubo syndrome. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1190456: Maurea N, Coppola C, Piscopo G, Galletta F, Riccio G, Esposito E, De Lorenzo C, De Laurentiis M, Spallarossa P, Mercuro G. Pathophysiology of cardiotoxicity from target therapy and angiogenesis inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Med 2016; 17 Suppl 1: S19-S26. Pyakurel P, Karki P, Lamsal M, Ghimire A, Pokharel PK. Cardiovascular risk factors among industrial workers: a cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal. J Occup Med Toxicol 2016; 11: 25. Scott AJ, Dunlop AJ, Brown A, Sadler C, Isbister GK. The prevalence of QT prolongation in a population of patients with substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/dar.12415: Spallarossa P, Maurea N, Cadeddu C, Madonna R, Mele D, Monte I, Novo G, Pagliaro P, Pepe A, Tocchetti CG, Zito C, Mercuro G. A recommended practical approach to the management of anthracycline-based chemotherapy cardiotoxicity: an opinion paper of the working group on drug cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection, Italian Society of Cardiology. J Cardiovasc Med 2016; 17 Suppl 1: S84-S92.

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Valcovici M, Andrica F, Serban C, Dragan S. Cardiotoxicity of anthracycline therapy: current perspectives. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12: 428-35. Wolf CE, Poklis JL, Cumpston K, Moss M, Poklis A. Acute dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial injury after combined 4-fluoroamphetamine and modafinil ingestion. Drug Test Anal 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/dta.1988: Yu Z-h, Jiang H-y, Shao L, Zhou Y-y, Shi H-y, Ruan B. Use of antipsychotics and risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12985:

Dermal toxicity Brouwer DH, Spaan S, Roff M, Sleeuwenhoek A, Tuinman I, Goede H, van Duuren-Stuurman B, Filon FL, Bello D, Cherrie JW. Occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products: part 2, exploration of exposure processes and methods of assessment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.003: Composto GM, Laskin JD, Laskin DL, Gerecke DR, Casillas RP, Heindel ND, Joseph LB, Heck DE. Mitigation of nitrogen mustard mediated skin injury by a novel indomethacin bifunctional prodrug. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100: 522-31. Özdemir NZ, Sahin U, Merter M, Gündüz M, Atesagaoglu B, Beksac M. A case of superwarfarin poisoning due to repetitive occupational dermal rodenticide exposure in a worker. Turk J Hematol 2016; online early: doi: 10.4274/tjh.2015.0433:

Developmental toxicology Ashtarinezhad A, Panahyab A, Shaterzadeh-Oskouei S, Khoshniat H, Mohamadzadehasl B, Shirazi FH. Teratogenic study of phenobarbital and levamisole on mouse fetus liver tissue using biospectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128: 174-83. Benevenuto SG, Domenico MD, Martins MA, Costa NS, de Souza AR, Costa JL, Tavares MFM, Dolhnikoff M, Veras MM. Recreational use of marijuana during pregnancy negative gestational fetal outcomes: an experimental study in mice. Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.020: Bérard A, Chaabane S, Muanda FT, Boukhris T, Zhao J. Paroxetine use during pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12979: Carvalho MA, Bernardes LS, Hettfleisch K, Pastro LDM, Vieira SE, Saldiva SRDM, Saldiva PHN, Francisco RPV. Associations of maternal personal exposure to air pollution on fetal weight and fetoplacental Doppler: a prospective cohort study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62: 9-17. Chen H, Chen X, Hong X, Liu C, Huang H, Wang Q, Chen S, Chen H, Yang K, Sun Q. Maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 exaggerates fetal cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by homocysteine in rats.

Environ Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/tox.22287: Neal RE, Jagadapillai R, Chen J, Webb CL, Stocke K, Gambrell C, Greene RM, Pisano MM. Developmental cigarette smoke exposure II: kidney proteome profile alterations in 6 month old adult offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.008: Neal RE, Jagadapillai R, Chen J, Webb C, Stocke K, Greene RM, Pisano MM. Developmental cigarette smoke exposure II: hippocampus proteome and metabolome profiles in adult offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.007: Ponsonby A-L, Symeonides C, Vuillermin P, Mueller J, Sly PD, Saffery R. Epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopmental genes in response to in utero exposure to phthalate plastic chemicals: how can we delineate causal effects? Neurotoxicology 2016; 55: 92-101. Taylor CM, Golding J, Emond AM. Blood mercury levels and fish consumption in pregnancy: risks and benefits for birth outcomes in a prospective observational birth cohort. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.004: Yao C, Chen Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Hou L, Xu Y, Zhang C, Cao J. Air pollution and the risk of birth defects in Anqing City, China. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: e124-e127.

Epidemiology Anderson M, Hawkins L, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Thomas SHL. Severe and fatal pharmaceutical poisoning in young children in the UK. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101:653-6. Bruno T, Pharr JR. Retrospective case series analysis of characteristics and trends in unintentional pharmaceutical drug poisoning by methadone, opioid analgesics, antidepressants and benzodiazepines in Clark County, NV 2009–13. J Public Health (UK) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw052: Buchanich JM, Balmert LC, Pringle JL, Williams KE, Burke DS, Marsh GM. Patterns and trends in accidental poisoning death rates in the US, 1979–2014. Prev Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.007: Geulayov G, Kapur N, Turnbull P, Clements C, Waters K, Ness J, Townsend E, Hawton K. Epidemiology and trends in non-fatal self-harm in three centres in England, 2000–2012: findings from the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e010538. Kumaraswamy M, Kavya HB, Pudota DT, Gladson MM, Patel BK. A study on drug related admissions in emergency and medicine units in tertiary care teaching hospital: a prospective observational study. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2016; 37: 89-92.

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Muñoz R, Borobia AM, Quintana M, Martínez A, Ramírez E, Muñoz M, Frías J, Carcas AJ. Outcomes and costs of poisoned patients admitted to an adult emergency department of a Spanish tertiary hospital: evaluation through a toxicovigilance program. PLoS ONE 2016; 11: e0152876. Tyrrell EG, Orton E, Tata LJ. Changes in poisonings among adolescents in the UK between 1992 and 2012: a population based cohort study. Injury Prev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041901: Willis S, Slattery A, King W, Benner K. Therapeutic error calls among older adults reported to a regional poison control center in Alabama. South Med J 2016; 109: 356-62.

Foreign body ingestion Tarango SM, Liu DR. Pediatric ingestions: emergency department management. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 2016; 13: 1-24.

Forensic toxicology Ellis AD, McGwin G, Davis GG, Dye DW. Identifying cases of heroin toxicity where 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) is not detected by toxicological analyses. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12024-016-9780-2: Malbranque S, Mauillon D, Turcant A, Rouge-Maillart C, Mangin P, Varlet V. Quantification of fatal helium exposure following self-administration. Int J Legal Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00414-016-1364-x: Ruan X, Chiravuri S, Kaye AD. Identifying cases of heroin toxicity where 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) is not detected by toxicological analyses. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12024-016-9783-z: Söderberg C, Wernvik E, Tillmar A, Spigset O, Kronstrand R, Reis M, Jönsson AK, Druid H. Antipsychotics – Postmortem fatal and non-fatal reference concentrations. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 266: 91-101. Tominaga M, Michiue T, Oritani S, Ishikawa T, Maeda H. Evaluation of postmortem drug concentrations in bile compared with blood and urine in forensic autopsy cases. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 367-73. Xing J, Li W, Tong F, Liang Y, He G, Zhou Y. Three homicides with darts tainted with succinylcholine: autopsy and toxicology. Int J Legal Med 2016; onlnie early: doi: 10.1007/s00414-016-1374-8: You G, Rhee J, Park Y, Park S. Determination of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine using LC/MS/MS in forensic samples of a nicotine fatal case by oral ingestion of e-cigarette liquid. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13083: Zack F, Blaas V, Goos C, Rentsch D, Büttner A. Death within 44 days of 2,4-dinitrophenol intake. Int J Legal Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00414-016-1378-4:

Genotoxicity Bileck A, Ferk F, Al-Serori H, Koller VJ, Muqaku B, Haslberger A, Auwärter V, Gerner C, Knasmüller S. Impact of a synthetic cannabinoid (CP-47,497-C8) on protein expression in human cells: evidence for induction of inflammation and DNA damage. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1369-82. de Melo MB, Machado CD, Ribeiro DL, Aissa AF, Burim RV, da Cunha MAA, Barcelos GRM, Antunes LMG, Bianchi MLP. Protective effects of the exopolysaccharide Lasiodiplodan against DNA damage and inflammation induced by doxorubicin in rats: cytogenetic and gene expression assays. Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.010: Kaiser S, Carvalho ÂR, Pittol V, Dietrich F, Manica F, Machado MM, de Oliveira LF, Oliveira Battastini AM, Ortega GG. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw): chemotype relevance. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 189: 90-8. Li Y, Qin T, Ingle T, Yan J, He W, Yin J-J, Chen T. Differential genotoxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles and silver ions. Arch Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1730-y: Lovsin Barle E, Winkler GC, Glowienke S, Elhajouji A, Nunic J, Martus H-J. Setting occupational exposure limits for genotoxic substances in the pharmaceutical industry. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151: 2-9. Weng Z, Suda M, Wan M, Zhang X, Guan D, Zhao P, Zheng Y, Miyagawa M, Wang R-S. Significant association between decreased ALDH2 activity and increased sensitivity to genotoxic effects in workers occupationally exposed to styrene. Oncotarget 2016; online early: doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9502:

Hepatotoxicity Acheampong P, Thomas SHL. Determinants of hepatotoxicity after repeated supra-therapeutic paracetamol ingestion; systematic review of reported cases. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.13028: García-Cortés M, Robles-Díaz M, Ortega-Alonso A, Medina-Caliz I, Andrade RJ. Hepatotoxicity by dietary supplements: a tabular listing and clinical characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17: 537. Gopi M, Seshadri MS. Biphasic Effect of Rifampicin on Bilirubin- A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10: OD14-OD15. Ji G, Xu C, Sun H, Liu Q, Hu H, Gu A, Jiang Z-Y. Organochloride pesticides induced hepatic ABCG5/G8 expression and lipogenesis in Chinese patients with gallstone disease. Oncotarget 2016; online early: doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9399: Kumagai Y, Tanaka R, Song I, Sakamoto Y.

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Analysis of data from special drug use surveillance on elevation of liver function tests in Japanese patients administered high dose acetaminophen. Jpn J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 47: 31-7. Lee KWC, Chan SL. Hepatotoxicity of targeted therapy for cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1190831: Mahmoud YI, Mahmoud AA. Role of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in acetaminophen-induced changes in rat liver: Nicotinamide effect in acetaminophen-damged liver. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2016; 68: 345-54. Pantano F, Tittarelli R, Mannocchi G, Zaami S, Ricci S, Giorgetti R, Terranova D, Busardò FP, Marinelli E. Hepatotoxicity induced by "the 3Ks": kava, kratom and khat. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17: 580. Schmid RD, Hovda LR. Acute hepatic failure in a dog after xylitol ingestion. J Med Toxicol 2016; 12: 201-5. Zheng E, Navarro V. Liver injury due to herbal and dietary supplements: a review of individual ingredients. Clin Liver Dis 2016; 7: 80-3.

Inhalation toxicity Alman BL, Pfister G, Hao H, Stowell J, Hu X, Liu Y, Strickland MJ. The association of wildfire smoke with respiratory and cardiovascular emergency department visits in Colorado in 2012: a case crossover study. Environ Health 2016; 15: 64. Lam A, Vetal N, Matalon S, Aggarwal S. Role of heme in bromine-induced lung injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/nyas.13086: Shaaban LH, Zayet HH, Aboufaddan HH, Elghazally SA. Respiratory hazards: clinical and functional assessment in aluminum industry workers. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc 2016; 65: 537-43. Suh M, Thompson CM, Brorby GP, Mittal L, Proctor DM. Inhalation cancer risk assessment of cobalt metal. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79: 74-82. Taeger D, McCunney R, Bailer U, Barthel K, Küpper U, Brüning T, Morfeld P, Merget R. Cross-sectional study on nonmalignant respiratory morbidity due to exposure to synthetic amorphous silica. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 376-84.

Kinetics Anderson GD, Chan L-N. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with tobacco, cannabinoids and smoking cessation products. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s40262-016-0400-9: Ellefsen KN, Concheiro M, Huestis MA. Synthetic cathinone pharmacokinetics, analytical methods, and toxicological findings from human performance and postmortem cases. Drug Metab Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1188937:

Göen T, von Helden F, Eckert E, Knecht U, Drexler H, Walter D. Metabolism and toxicokinetics of 1,4-dioxane in humans after inhalational exposure at rest and under physical stress. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1315-24. White CM. Pharmacologic, Pharmacokinetic, and Clinical Assessment of Illicitly Used Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB). J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/jcph.767:

Medication errors Adams RD, Cooper G, Jackson G, Eagling VA, Stewart D, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Eddleston M. Examining methotrexate exposures reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service 2004–2015: highlighting adverse reactions and avoidable therapeutic errors. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 424-5.

Metabolism Göen T, von Helden F, Eckert E, Knecht U, Drexler H, Walter D. Metabolism and toxicokinetics of 1,4-dioxane in humans after inhalational exposure at rest and under physical stress. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1315-24. Modick H, Weiss T, Dierkes G, Koslitz S, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T, Koch HM. Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of aniline after a single oral dose. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1325-33. Wang X, Martínez M-A, Dai M, Chen D, Ares I, Romero A, Castellano V, Martínez M, Rodríguez JL, Martínez-Larrañaga M-R, Anadón A, Yuan Z. Permethrin-induced oxidative stress and toxicity and metabolism. A review. Environ Res 2016; 149: 86-104.

Nephrotoxicity Bayomy NA, Abdelaziz EZ, Said MA, Badawi MS, El-Bakary RH. Effect of pycnogenol and spirulina on vancomycin-induced renal cortical oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in adult male albino rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0600: Dhanapriya J, Gopalakrishnan N, Arun V, Dineshkumar T, Sakthirajan R, Balasubramaniyan T, Haris M. Acute kidney injury and disseminated intravascular coagulation due to mercuric chloride poisoning. Indian J Nephrol 2016; 26: 206-8. Gong R, Wang P, Dworkin LD. What we need to know about the effect of lithium on the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2016: Hosseinian S, Khajavi RA, Hadjzadeh M-AR, Mohamadian RN, Havakhah S, Shafiee S. The protective effect of Nigella sativa against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 2016; 6: 44-54. Hussain T, Al-Attas OS, Alrokayan SA, Ahmed M, Al-Daghri NM, Al-Ameri S, Pervez S, Dewangan S, Mohammed A, Gambhir D, Sumague TS.

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Deleterious effects of incense smoke exposure on kidney function and architecture in male albino rats. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28: 364-73. Martin SJ, Sabina EP. Amelioration of anti-tuberculosis drug induced oxidative stress in kidneys by Spirulina fusiformis in a rat model. Ren Fail 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2016.1184940:

Neurotoxicity Alam G, Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP, Lu L, Williams RW, Jones BC. MPTP neurotoxicity is highly concordant between the sexes among BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains. Neurotoxicology 2016; 55: 40-7. Bird SB, Krajacic P, Sawamoto K, Bunya N, Loro E, Khurana TS. Pharmacotherapy to protect the neuromuscular junction after acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/nyas.13111: Chang C-C, Hsu J-L, Chang W-N, Huang S-H, Huang C-W, Chang Y-T, Chen N-C, Lui C-C, Lee C-C, Hsu S-W. Metabolic Covariant Network in Relation to Nigrostriatal Degeneration in Carbon Monoxide Intoxication-Related Parkinsonism. Front Neurosci 2016; 10: 187. Chepelev NL, Long AS, Bowers WJ, Gagne R, Williams A, Kuo B, Phillips DH, Arlt VM, White PA, Yauk CL. Transcriptional profiling of the mouse hippocampus supports an NMDAR-mediated neurotoxic mode of action for benzo[a]pyrene. Environ Mol Mutagen 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/em.22020: Das M, Çevik Y, Erel Ö, Çorbacioglu SK. Ischemia-modified albumin levels in the prediction of acute critical neurological findings in carbon monoxide poisoning. Kao-Hsiung i Hsueh Ko Hsueh Tsa Chih 2016; 32: 201-6. De Giacinto C, Guaglione E, Leon PE, D'Aloisio R, Vattovani O, Ravalico G, Tognetto D. Unilateral optic neuritis: a rare complication after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in a 30-year-old woman. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2016; 2016: 8740264. Jang TC, Jang JH, Lee KW. Mechanism of acute endosulfan intoxication-induced neurotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67: 9-17. Kamour A, Crichton S, Cooper G, Lupton DJ, Eddleston M, Vale JA, Thompson JP, Thomas SHL. Central nervous system toxicity following mefenamic acid overdose: an analysis of UK National Poisons Information Service Data. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 410-1. Lopez-Lopez E, Gutierrez-Camino A, Astigarraga I, Navajas A, Echebarria-Barona A, Garcia-Miguel P, Garcia de AN, Lobo C, Guerra-Merino I, Martin-Guerrero I, Garcia-Orad A. Vincristine pharmacokinetics pathway and neurotoxicity during early phases of treatment in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17: 731-41.

Neal RE, Jagadapillai R, Chen J, Webb C, Stocke K, Greene RM, Pisano MM. Developmental cigarette smoke exposure II: hippocampus proteome and metabolome profiles in adult offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.007: Niehaus MT, Elliott NC, Katz KD. Baclofen toxicity causing acute, reversible dyskinesia. J Med Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0556-6: Shen AN, Cummings C, Pope D, Hoffman D, Newland MC. A bout analysis reveals age-related methylmercury neurotoxicity and nimodipine neuroprotection. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311: 147-59. Shu SL, Thompson PD, Kimber TE. Dystonia-parkinsonism due to pallidal and nigral necrosis following heroin overdose: long-term evolution. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 3: 188-90. Suo A, Scozzafava J. Neurotoxic overdose in a young man: question and answer. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 23: 129, 170. Tripathi VK, Kumar V, Pandey A, Vatsa P, Dhasmana A, Singh RP, Appikonda SH, Hwang I, Lohani M. Monocrotophos induces the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYP2C8 and CYP3A4) and neurotoxicity in human brain cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12035-016-9938-7: Yildiz FG, Temucin ÇM. Vincristine-induced neurotoxicity: electrophysiological features in children. Neurol Res 2016; 38: 124-9.

Occupational toxicology Bassig BA, Zhang L, Vermeulen R, Tang X, Li G, Hu W, Guo W, Purdue MP, Yin S, Rappaport SM, Shen M, Ji Z, Qiu C, Ge Y, Hosgood HD, Reiss B, Wu B, Xie Y, Li L, Yue F, Freeman LE, Blair A, Hayes RB, Huang H, Smith MT, Rothman N, Lan Q. Comparison of hematological alterations and markers of B-cell activation in workers exposed to benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene. Carcinogenesis 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgw053: Beckman S, Eisen EA, Bates MN, Liu S, Haegerstrom-Portnoy G, Hammond SK. Acquired color vision defects and hexane exposure: a study of San Francisco Bay Area automotive mechanics. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183: 969-76. Bena A, Farina E, Demaria M, Cadum E. Mortality study of employees at a chemical manufacturing plant using administrative databases. Am J Ind Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/ajim.22617: Bin P, Shen M, Li H, Sun X, Niu Y, Meng T, Yu T, Zhang X, Dai Y, Gao W, Gu G, Yu S, Zheng Y. Increased levels of urinary biomarkers of lipid peroxidation products among workers occupationally exposed to diesel engine exhaust. Free Radic Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1178738:

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Brouwer DH, Spaan S, Roff M, Sleeuwenhoek A, Tuinman I, Goede H, van Duuren-Stuurman B, Filon FL, Bello D, Cherrie JW. Occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products: part 2, exploration of exposure processes and methods of assessment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.003: Ceballos DM, Whittaker SG, Lee EG, Roberts J, Streicher R, Gong FN, Broadwater W, Broadwater K. Occupational exposures to new drycleaning solvents: high-flashpoint hydrocarbons and butylal. J Occup Environ Hyg 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1177648: Chiu Y-HM, Garshick E, Hart JE, Spiegelman D, Dockery DW, Smith TJ, Laden F. Occupational vehicle-related particulate exposure and inflammatory markers in trucking industry workers. Environ Res 2016; 148: 310-7. Curti S, Sauni R, Spreeuwers D, De Schryver A, Valenty M, Rivière S, Mattioli S. Interventions to increase the reporting of occupational diseases by physicians: a Cochrane systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73: 353-4. Ding E, Zhao Q, Bai Y, Xu M, Pan L, Liu Q, Wang B, Song X, Wang J, Chen L, Zhu B. Plasma microRNAs expression profile in female workers occupationally exposed to mercury. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8: 833-41. Domergue J, Lison D, Haufroid V. No evidence of cardiovascular toxicity in workers exposed below 5-ppm carbon disulfide. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 835-45. Gowda G, Shivalingaiah AH, Vijayeendra AM, Sarkar N, Nagaraj C, Masthi NRR. Sensitization to silk allergen among workers of silk filatures in India: a comparative study. Asia Pac Allergy 2016; 6: 90-3. Ke Y, Huang L, Xia J, Xu X, Liu H, Li YR. Comparative study of oxidative stress biomarkers in urine of cooks exposed to three types of cooking-related particles. Toxicol Lett 2016; 255: 36-42. Levin R. The attributable annual health costs of U.S. occupational lead poisoning. Int J Occup Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10773525.2016.1173945: Lovsin Barle E, Winkler GC, Glowienke S, Elhajouji A, Nunic J, Martus H-J. Setting occupational exposure limits for genotoxic substances in the pharmaceutical industry. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151: 2-9. Muñoz-Quezada MT, Lucero BA, Iglesias VP, Muñoz MP, Cornejo CA, Achu E, Baumert B, Hanchey A, Concha C, Brito AM, Villalobos M. Chronic exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and neuropsychological functioning in farm workers: a review. Int J Occup Environ Health 2016; 22: 68-79. Murphy D, James B, Hutchinson D.

Could the significantly increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis reported in Italian male steel workers be explained by occupational exposure to cadmium? J Occup Med Toxicol 2016; 11: 21. Nishimura Y, Iwamoto H, Ishikawa N, Hattori N, Horimasu Y, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Kondo K, Hamada H, Awai K, Kohno N. Long-term pulmonary complications of chemical weapons exposure in former poison gas factory workers. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28: 343-8. Özdemir NZ, Sahin U, Merter M, Gündüz M, Atesagaoglu B, Beksac M. A case of superwarfarin poisoning due to repetitive occupational dermal rodenticide exposure in a worker. Turk J Hematol 2016; online early: doi: 10.4274/tjh.2015.0433: Pyakurel P, Karki P, Lamsal M, Ghimire A, Pokharel PK. Cardiovascular risk factors among industrial workers: a cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal. J Occup Med Toxicol 2016; 11: 25. Ratelle M, Côté J, Bouchard M. Time courses and variability of pyrethroid biomarkers of exposure in a group of agricultural workers in Quebec, Canada. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 767-83. Shaaban LH, Zayet HH, Aboufaddan HH, Elghazally SA. Respiratory hazards: clinical and functional assessment in aluminum industry workers. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc 2016; 65: 537-43. Spyres MB, Ruha A-M, Seifert S, Onisko N, Padilla-Jones A, Smith EA. Occupational snake bites: a prospective case series of patients reported to the ToxIC North American snakebite registry. J Med Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0555-7: Stoia M, Kurtanjek Z, Oancea S. Reliability of a decision-tree model in predicting occupational lead poisoning in a group of highly exposed workers. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 575-82. Vahabzadeh M, Balali-Mood M. Occupational metallic mercury poisoning in gilders. Int J Occup Environ Med 2016; 7: 116-22. Weng Z, Suda M, Wan M, Zhang X, Guan D, Zhao P, Zheng Y, Miyagawa M, Wang R-S. Significant association between decreased ALDH2 activity and increased sensitivity to genotoxic effects in workers occupationally exposed to styrene. Oncotarget 2016; online early: doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9502: Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Barmada MM, Johnson VJ, Kashon ML, Baron E, Wilson NW, Frye B, Wang W, Fluharty K, Gharib R, Meade J, Germolec D, Luster MI, Nedorost S. Genetic basis of irritant susceptibility in health Care Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000784: Zhang F, Bai Y, Zhu B, Zhu W, Ye M. Group and insidious tetraethyl lead poisoning occurred in industry of plastic weaving: a case report. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8: E325-E329.

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Ocular toxicity Claeson A-S, Lind N. Human exposure to acrolein: time-dependence and individual variation in eye irritation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45: 20-7. Iselin KC, Marti P, Pless M. Hydroxychloroquine-induced retinal toxicity. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2016; 233: 514-6. Nolan DP, Lewis S, Hariprasad SM. Retinal Toxicity Associated With MEK Inhibitor Use for Metastatic Cancer: A Rising Trend in Ophthalmology. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016; 47: 398-402.

Paediatric toxicology Agin K, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Shadnia S, Rahimi HR. Characteristic manifestations of acute paint thinner-intoxicated children. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45: 15-9. Anderson M, Hawkins L, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Thomas SHL. Severe and fatal pharmaceutical poisoning in young children in the UK. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101:653-6. Anderson M, Hawkins L, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Thomas SHL. Severe and fatal accidental pharmaceutical poisoning in young children in the UK. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 460. Araújo AR, Marçal M, Tuna M, Anjos R. Cardiac dysfunction and prenatal exposure to venlafaxine. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4: 383-6. Clark-Reyna SE, Grineski SE, Collins TW. Health status and residential exposure to air toxics: what are the effects on children's academic achievement? Fam Community Health 2016; 39: 160-8. D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Illness symptoms experienced by children exposed to benzene after a flaring incident at the BP refinery facility in Texas city. Clin Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0009922816641463: Daneshparvar M, Mostafavi SA, Zare JM, Yunesian M, Mesdaghinia A, Mahvi AH, Akhondzadeh S. The role of lead exposure on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review. Iran J Psychiatry 2016; 11: 1-14. Eagling VA, Lupton DJ, McGrory CE, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Eddleston M. Caffeine-containing energy drinks and caffeine poisoning in school-age children (5–16 years): TOXBASE® access and enquiry data. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 463. Ficheux AS, Dornic N, Bernard A, Chevillotte G, Roudot AC. Probabilistic assessment of exposure to cosmetic products by French children aged 0–3 years. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94: 85-92. Fisher PG. Remember toxic exposures to antidementia drugs. J Pediatr 2016; 172: 1-4.

Forrester MB. Pediatric exposures to Bombina toads reported to poison centers. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000719: Güngörer V, Yisldirim NK. Evaluation of intoxicated patients hospitalized in a newly-opened level two pediatric intensive care unit. Turk Pediatri Ars 2016; 51: 35-9. Hawkins L, George NC, Hill SH, Thomas SHL, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Paediatric battery ingestion: the experience of the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS). Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 412. Huen K, Calafat AM, Bradman A, Yousefi P, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Maternal phthalate exposure during pregnancy is associated with DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements in Mexican-American children. Environ Res 2016; 148: 55-62. Johnson DJG, Cooper G, Davanzo F, Ebbecke M, Eddleston M, Garnier R, Margolin ZR, Mégarbane B, Schaper A, Sesana F, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Green J. Tracking the trends over time of unintentional pediatric exposures to benzodiazepines and opioids reported to poison centres in the Global Toxicosurveillance Network. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 465. Kuttler H, Schwendemann H, Reis O, Bitzer EM. Developmental Hazards Among Young Alcohol Intoxicated Patients. J Adolesc Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.022: Loughrill E, Govinden P, Zand N. Vitamins A and E content of commercial infant foods in the UK: a cause for concern? Food Chem 2016; 210: 56-62. Markowitz G. The childhood lead poisoning epidemic in historical perspective. Endeavour 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2016.03.006: Mortamet G, Oualha M, Renolleau S, Moesch C, Treluyer J-M. Methemoglobinemia following monolinuron ingestion: a case report in a child. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000745: Narsaria P, Sankar J, Lodha R. Fatal outcome of accidental vitamin D overdose. Indian J Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12098-016-2109-z: Patel V, Krishna AS, Lefevre C, Kaagaza M, Wittkamp M. Methylphenidate overdose causing secondary polydipsia and severe hyponatremia in an 8-year-old boy. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000788: Rivas A, Monteagudo C, Heras-Gonzalez L, Mariscal-Arcas M, Lorenzo-Tovar ML, Olea-Serrano F. Association of bisphenol A exposure with dietary quality indices in Spanish schoolchildren. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94: 25-30.

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Settimi L, Lauria L, Celentano A, Giordano F, Sesana F, Davanzo F. Rate estimates and trends of pediatric exposures to liquid laundry detergent capsules in Italy. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 374. Settimi L, Giordano F, Celentano A, Lauria L, Sesana F, Davanzo F. Surveillance of pediatric exposure to laundry detergents: comparison between cases exposed to liquid capsules and traditional products. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 376. Sharma S, Rameshkumar R, Mahadevan S. N-acetylcysteine in Cleistanthus collinus poisoning: a report of two cases in children. J Trop Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmw030: Slain KN, Shein SL, Rotta AT. The dose makes the poison: comparing epinephrine with dopamine in pediatric septic shock. Crit Care Med 2016; 44: e308. Stewart D, McGrory CE, Vale JA, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Eddleston M, Sandilands EA. Referrals from UK schools to the NPIS: an 8-year study. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 458. Sturza J, Silver MK, Xu L, Li M, Mai X, Xia Y, Shao J, Lozoff B, Meeker J. Prenatal exposure to multiple pesticides is associated with auditory brainstem response at 9 months in a cohort study of Chinese infants. Environ Int 2016; 92-93: 478-85. Tai PT, Nishijo M, Nghi TN, Nakagawa H, Van Luong H, Anh TH, Nishijo H. Effects of perinatal dioxin exposure on development of children during the first 3 years of life. J Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.064: Tarango SM, Liu DR. Pediatric ingestions: emergency department management. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 2016; 13: 1-24. Tocco DB, Bassett RA, Fitzgerald J. A 5-year-old boy with an acute onset of emesis, and throat and chest pain, after taking a drink. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; 32: 419-21. Torjesen I. Methadone is responsible for over half of accidental drug poisoning deaths in toddlers. Br Med J 2016; 353: i2802. Tyrrell EG, Orton E, Tata LJ. Changes in poisonings among adolescents in the UK between 1992 and 2012: a population based cohort study. Injury Prev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041901: Vrijheid M, Casas M, Gascon M, Valvi D, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Environmental pollutants and child healthA review of recent concerns. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219: 331-42. Won E-K, Kim Y, Ha M, Burm E, Kim Y-S, Lim H, Jung D-E, Lim S, Kim S-Y, Kim Y-M, Kim H-C, Lee KJ, Cheong H-K, Kang H-T, Son M, Sakong J, Oh G-J, Lee C-G, Kim SY, Ryu JM, Kim SJ.

Association of current phthalate exposure with neuro-behavioral development in a national sample. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219: 364-71. Xavier J, Haranal MY, Reddy SR, Melagiriyappa S. Amiodarone toxicity: an underdiagnosed entity. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 9: 199-200. Yildiz FG, Temucin ÇM. Vincristine-induced neurotoxicity: electrophysiological features in children. Neurol Res 2016; 38: 124-9. Yin S, Colvin J, Stijntjes G, Rylander L, Vasunia K. Accidental childhood exposures to single use laundry detergent packs: 3-year analysis of an on-going prospective study. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 373. Zarrouq B, Bendaou B, El Asri A, Achour S, Rammouz I, Aalouane R, Lyoussi B, Khelafa S, Bout A, Berhili N, Hlal H, Najdi A, Nejjari C, El Rhazi K. Psychoactive substances use and associated factors among middle and high school students in the north center of Morocco: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. BMC Public Health 2016; 16: 468.

Poisons information and poison information centres Doyon S, Benton C, Anderson BA, Baier M, Haas E, Hadley L, Maehr J, Rebbert-Franklin K, Olsen Y, Welsh C. Incorporation of poison center services in a state-wide overdose education and naloxone distribution program. Am J Addict 2016; 25: 301-6. Forrester MB. Bibliometric analysis of poison center-related research published in peer-review journals. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35: 705-12. Greenwald PW, Farmer BM, O'Neill M, Essner RA, Flomenbaum NE. Increasing frequency and fatality of poison control center reported exposures involving medication and multiple substances: data from reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers 1984-2013. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1183777:

Polymorphisms Krasniqi V, Dimovski A, Domjanovic IK, Bilic I, Božina N. How polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 genes affect ibuprofen and diclofenac metabolism and toxicity / Kako polimorfizmi gena citokroma P450 utjecu na metabolizam i toksicnost ibuprofena i diklofenaka. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67: 1-8. Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Barmada MM, Johnson VJ, Kashon ML, Baron E, Wilson NW, Frye B, Wang W, Fluharty K, Gharib R, Meade J, Germolec D, Luster MI, Nedorost S. Genetic basis of irritant susceptibility in health Care Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000784:

Psychiatric aspects Munafò MR, Lönn SL, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Kendler K. Snus use and risk of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164: 179-82.

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Ninan J, George GM. Imipenem-cilastatin-induced psychosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10: 107.

Reprotoxicity Almeida ND, Basso O, Abrahamowicz M, Gagnon R, Tamblyn R. Risk of miscarriage in women receiving antidepressants in early pregnancy, correcting for induced abortions. Epidemiology 2016; 27: 538-46. Ganesan S, Keating AF. Bisphenol A-induced ovotoxicity involves DNA damage induction to which the ovary mounts a protective response indicated by increased expression of proteins involved in DNA repair and xenobiotic biotransformation. Toxicol Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw076: Levi M, Popovtzer A, Tzabari M, Mizrachi A, Savion N, Stemmer SM, Shalgi R, Ben-Aharon I. Cetuximab intensifies cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.04.004: Nishihama Y, Yoshinaga J, Iida A, Konishi S, Imai H, Yoneyama M, Nakajima D, Shiraishi H. Association between paraben exposure and menstrual cycle in female university students in Japan. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63: 107-13. Thompson J. Active and passive smoking linked to infertility and early menopause. Practitioner 2016; 260: 5. Xu WF, Li YS, Dai PY, Li CM. Potential protective effect of arginine against 4-nitrophenol-induced ovarian damage in rats. arginine. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41: 371-81.

Risk assessment Kim H-Y. Risk assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the work-place. Environ Health Toxicol 2016; 2016: e2016011. Rezvanfar MA, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M. Growing knowledge of using embryonic stem cells as a novel tool in developmental risk assessment of environmental toxicants. Life Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.027: Wan D, Zhan C, Yang G, Liu X, Yang J. Preliminary assessment of health risks of potentially toxic elements in settled dust over Beijing urban area. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13: 491.

Suicide Assadi R, Afshari R. Suicidal attempt with intentional poisoning seems a comorbid illness with an increased burden. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 2016; 5: e24380. Dogan H, Adigüzel L, Uysal E, Sarikaya S, Ozucelik DN, Okuturlar Y, Giray TA, Kayipmaz AE, Yazicioglu M, Sisek C. Differences between adolescent and adult cases of suicidal drug intoxication. Med J Bakirkoy 2016; 12: 20-3.

Geulayov G, Kapur N, Turnbull P, Clements C, Waters K, Ness J, Townsend E, Hawton K. Epidemiology and trends in non-fatal self-harm in three centres in England, 2000–2012: findings from the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e010538. Kitamoto T, Kamijo Y. Rabbit syndrome after taking herbicide containing 2-(4-chloro2-methylphenoxypropionic) acid. Acute Med Surg 2016; 3: 190-1. Kolves K, De Leo D. Suicide methods in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00787-016-0865-y:

MANAGEMENT General Bajaj P, Tripathy RK, Aggarwal G, Datusalia AK, Sharma SS, Pande AH. Refolded recombinant human paraoxonase 1 variant exhibits prophylactic activity against organophosphate poisoning. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12010-016-2091-y: Bird SB, Krajacic P, Sawamoto K, Bunya N, Loro E, Khurana TS. Pharmacotherapy to protect the neuromuscular junction after acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/nyas.13111: Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Treatments for paracetamol poisoning. Br Med J 2016; 353: i2579. Burton R, Krebs J, Bush SP. Management of a Brazilian lancehead (Bothrops moojeni) envenomation in Nebraska. Toxicon 2016; 117: 105-6. Cabrera EA, Wiers CE, Lindgren E, Miller G, Volkow ND, Wang G-J. Neuroimaging the effectiveness of substance use disorder treatments. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11481-016-9680-y: Cantrell FL. In response to "Conservative management of intentional massive dabigatran overdose". J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64: 1147. Dixit D, Endicott J, Burry L, Ramos L, Yeung SYA, Devabhakthuni S, Chan C, Tobia A, Bulloch MN. Management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/phar.1770: Dodd-Butera T, Smith-Stoner M. "Top Ten" list: a brief report of adult poisoning and prevention tips. Home Healthcare Now 2016; 34: 254-8. Kraut JA. Approach to the treatment of methanol intoxication. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; online early: doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.02.058:

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Menon JC, Joseph JK, Jose MP, Punde D, Mazumdar DB, Bawaskar HS, Pillay VV, Mohapatra BN, Rajendiran C, Tanwar PD, Raut S, Ragunanthatan S, Tripathi S. Management protocol of venomous snakebite in India: a consensus statement. Toxin Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1185735: Pandey DP, Subedi PG, Devkota K, Goode M. Public perceptions of snakes and snakebite management: implications for conservation and human health in southern Nepal. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2016; 12: 22. Ramadan G, El-Beih NM, Ahmed RS. Aged garlic extract ameliorates immunotoxicity, hemato-toxicity and impaired burn-healing in malathion- and carbaryl-treated male albino rats. Environ Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/tox.22279: Stone H, See D, Smiley A, Ellingson A, Schimmoeller J, Oudejans L. Surface decontamination for blister agents Lewisite, sulfur mustard and agent yellow, a Lewisite and sulfur mustard mixture. J Hazard Mater 2016; 314: 59-66. Vallersnes OM, Jacobsen D, Ekeberg Ø, Brekke M. Outpatient treatment of acute poisoning by substances of abuse: a prospective observational cohort study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24: 76. Vu NM, Hill TE, Summers MR, Vranian MN, Faulx MD. Management of life-threatening flecainide overdose: a case report and review of the literature. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2016; 2: 228-31. Yazgan ÜC, Elbey B, Kus S, Baykal B, Keskin I, Yilmaz A, Sahin A. Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on oxidant and anti-oxidant status of liver and serum in a rat model with acute methanol intoxication. Ir J Med Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11845-016-1462-2: Zhang Y, Wang X, Ni L, Ye C, Zhang J, Han C, Yu C. Early and thorough wound debridement is crucial for treatment of patients with thermal burns and para-chloronitrobenzene poisoning. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1534734616650113:

Antidotes Arslan N, Khiljee S, Bakhsh A, Ashraf M, Maqsood I. Availability of antidotes and key emergency drugs in tertiary care hospitals of Punjab and assessment of the knowledge of health care professionals in the management of poisoning cases. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29: 603-7.

Acetylcysteine McKetin R, Dean OM, Baker AL, Carter G, Turner A, Kelly PJ, Berk M. A potential role for N-acetylcysteine in the management of methamphetamine dependence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/dar.12414: Sandilands EA, Morrison EE, Bateman DN.

Adverse reactions to intravenous acetylcysteine in parac-etamol poisoning. Adverse Drug React Bull 2016; 297: 1147-50. Sharma S, Rameshkumar R, Mahadevan S. N-acetylcysteine in Cleistanthus collinus poisoning: a report of two cases in children. J Trop Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmw030: Wong A, Graudins A. N-acetylcysteine regimens for paracetamol overdose: Time for a change? Emerg Med Australas 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12610:

Antivenom Gross GA, Merrill D, Crowley W, Roemer LA, Lee HB, Lee KD, Gross JA, Cowan GA, Venugopalan A. Continuous intravenous infusion of antivenom in a Crotalus Atrox envenomation. Toxicon 2016; 117: 106. Jackson G, Eagling VA, Lupton DJ, McGrory CE, Vale JA, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Eddleston M. Native British snake bites in the UK: an estimation of occurrence and antivenom usage. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 461-2. Maduwage KP, O'Leary MA, Silva A, Isbister GK. Detection of snake venom in post-antivenom samples by dissociation treatment followed by enzyme immunoassay. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8: 130. Seifert SA. The antivenom index: an online, systematic response to non-native envenomations in the U.S. Toxicon 2016; 117: 107-8.

Bioscavengers Amitai G, Gez R, Raveh L, Bar-Ner N, Grauer E, Chapman S. Novel bifunctional hybrid small molecule scavengers for mitigating nerve agents toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.036: Ashani Y, Leader H, Aggarwal N, Silman I, Worek F, Sussman JL, Goldsmith M. In vitro evaluation of the catalytic activity of paraoxonases and phosphotriesterases predicts the enzyme circulatory levels required for in vivo protection against organophosphate intoxications. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.039: Rice H, Mann TM, Armstrong SJ, Price ME, Green AC, Tattersall JE. The potential role of bioscavenger in the medical manage-ment of nerve-agent poisoned casualties. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.038:

Chelating agents Lamas GA, Navas-Acien A, Mark DB, Lee KL. Heavy metals, cardiovascular disease, and the unexpected benefits of chelation therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67: 2411-8.

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Desferrioxamine Eagling VA, Hawkins L, Cooper G, Cheung T, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Bateman DN, Eddleston M. Iron poisoning and the use of desferrioxamine: survey data from the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS). Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 462.

Lipid emulsion therapy American College of Clinical Toxicology. ACMT Position Statement: guidance for the use of intravenous lipid emulsion. J Med Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0550-z: Fulton LV, Fabich RA, Jr., Bhatta J, Fletcher B, Leininger K, Lienesch K, Rodriguez TA, Coyner JL, Johnson AD, O'Sullivan J. Comparison of resuscitative protocols for bupropion overdose using lipid emulsion in a swine model. Mil Med 2016; 181: 482-7. Heinonen JA, Schramko AA, Skrifvars MB, Litonius E, Backman JT, Mervaala E, Rosenberg PH. The effects of intravenous lipid emulsion on hemodynamic recovery and myocardial cell mitochondrial function after bupivacaine toxicity in anesthetized pigs. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116650010:

Naloxone Bachyrycz A, Shrestha S, Bleske BE, Tinker D, Bakhireva LN. Opioid overdose prevention through pharmacy-based naloxone prescription program: innovations in healthcare delivery. Subst Abus 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1184739: Connors NJ, Nelson LS. The devil is in the details but the details are not in NHAMCS. J Med Toxicol 2016; 12: 145-7. Deonarine A, Amlani A, Ambrose G, Buxton JA. Qualitative assessment of take-home naloxone program participant and law enforcement interactions in British Columbia. Harm Reduct J 2016; 13: 17. Doyon S, Benton C, Anderson BA, Baier M, Haas E, Hadley L, Maehr J, Rebbert-Franklin K, Olsen Y, Welsh C. Incorporation of poison center services in a state-wide overdose education and naloxone distribution program. Am J Addict 2016; 25: 301-6. Friedman MS, Manini AF. Validation of criteria to guide prehospital naloxone administration for drug-related altered mental status. J Med Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0549-5: Gatewood AK, Van Wert MJ, Andrada AP, Surkan PJ. Academic physicians' and medical students' perceived barriers toward bystander administered naloxone as an overdose prevention strategy. Addict Behav 2016; 61: 40-6. Lim JK, Bratberg JP, Davis CS, Green TC, Walley AY. Prescribe to prevent: overdose prevention and naloxone rescue kits for prescribers and pharmacists. J Addict Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000223:

McDonald R, Strang J. Are take-home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteria. Addiction 2016; 111: 1177-87. Strang J, McDonald R, Alqurshi A, Royall P, Taylor D, Forbes B. Naloxone without the needle systematic review of candidate routes for non-injectable naloxone for opioid overdose reversal. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163: 16-23.

Oximes Neumaier K, Worek F, Thiermann H, Wille T. Bispyridinium non-oximes: An evaluation of cardiac effects in isolated hearts and smooth muscle relaxing effects in jejunum. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35: 11-6. Worek F, Thiermann H, Wille T. Oximes in organophosphate poisoning: 60 years of hope and despair. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.032:

Arginine Xu WF, Li YS, Dai PY, Li CM. Potential protective effect of arginine against 4-nitrophenol-induced ovarian damage in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41: 371-81.

Extracorporeal treatments Cabrera VJ, Shirali AC. We use continuous renal replacement therapy for overdoses and intoxications. Semin Dial 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/sdi.12505: Vodovar D, El Balkhi S, Curis E, Deye N, Mégarbane B. Lithium poisoning in the intensive care unit: predictive factors of severity and indications for extracorporeal toxin removal to improve outcome. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1185110:

Haemoperfusion Li A, Li W, Hao F, Wang H. Early stage blood purification for paraquat poisoning: a multicenter retrospective study. Blood Purif 2016; 42: 93-9.

Fresh frozen plasma Dayananda VP, Bhaskara B, Pateel GNP. A study of effectiveness of fresh frozen plasma in organophosphorous compound poisoning in reducing length of Intensive Care Unit stay and in reducing need for tracheostomy. Anesth Essays Res 2016; 10: 268-72.

Idarucizumab Peetermans M, Pollack C, Reilly P, Liesenborghs L, Jacquemin M, Levy JH, Weitz JI, Verhamme P. Idarucizumab for dabigatran overdose. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1187737:

Imatinib Banakh I, Lam A, Tiruvoipati R, Carney I, Botha J. Imatinib for bleomycin induced pulmonary toxicity: a case report and evidence-base review.

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Clin Case Rep 2016; 4: 486-90.

Naringin Oluwafeyisetan A, Olubunmi A, Peter O. Naringin ameliorates HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-induced mitochondrial toxicity. Curr HIV Res 2016; online early: PMID:27197616:

Nicotinic acid Nakajima N, Ueda M. Nicotinic acid treatment for Paralepistopsis acromelalga intoxication: assessment using magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1188205:

Opioid maintenance therapy Hansen H, Siegel C, Wanderling J, DiRocco D. Buprenorphine and methadone treatment for opioid dependence by income, ethnicity and race of neighborhoods in New York City. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164: 14-21. Harrell PT, Fu H. Commentary on Betts et al. (2016): polysubstance use and opioid substitution therapy among people who inject drugs. Addiction 2016; 111: 1224-5. Zedler BK, Mann AL, Kim MM, Amick HR, Joyce AR, Murrelle EL, Jones HE. Buprenorphine compared with methadone to treat pregnant women with opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of safety in the mother, fetus and child. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13462:

Phenobarbital Riggan MAA, Hayman K, Chen BC, Hoffman RS. Regarding 'Phenobarbital for acute alcohol withdrawal: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study'. J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.158:

Quercetin Qi L, Cao C, Hu L, Chen S, Zhao X, Sun C. Metabonomic analysis of the protective effect of quercetin on the toxicity induced by mixture of organophosphate pesticides in rat urine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116652460:

DRUGS General Anderson M, Hawkins L, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Thomas SHL. Severe and fatal pharmaceutical poisoning in young children in the UK. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101:653-6. Bauer LK, Brody JK, León C, Baggett TP. Characteristics of homeless adults who died of drug overdose: a retrospective record review. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016; 27: 846-59. Dallmann R, Okyar A, Lévi F. Dosing-time makes the poison: circadian regulation and pharmacotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22: 430-45.

Dogan H, Adigüzel L, Uysal E, Sarikaya S, Ozucelik DN, Okuturlar Y, Giray TA, Kayipmaz AE, Yazicioglu M, Sisek C. Differences between adolescent and adult cases of suicidal drug intoxication. Med J Bakirkoy 2016; 12: 20-3. Escuder-Vieco D, Garcia-Algar O, Joya X, Marchei E, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Pallas-Alonso CR. Breast milk and hair testing to detect illegal drugs, nicotine, and caffeine in donors to a human milk bank. J Hum Lact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0890334416648110: Hammond T, Allen P, Birdsall H. Is there a space-based technology solution to problems with preclinical drug toxicity testing? Pharm Res 2016; 33: 1545-51. Hydzik P, Krosniak M, Francik R, Gomolka E, Ebru ED, Zagrodzki P. Serum antioxidant parameters in patients poisoned by different xenobiotics. Acta Pol Pharm 2016; 73: 337-44. Kalabat DY, Vitsky A, Scott W, Kindt E, Hayes K, John-Baptiste A, Huang W, Yang AH. Identification and evaluation of novel microRNA biomarkers in plasma and feces associated with drug-induced intestinal toxicity. Toxicol Pathol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0192623316644992: Kumaraswamy M, Kavya HB, Pudota DT, Gladson MM, Patel BK. A study on drug related admissions in emergency and medicine units in tertiary care teaching hospital: a prospective observational study. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2016; 37: 89-92. Rebbert-Franklin K, Haas E, Singal P, Cherico-Hsii S, Baier M, Collins K, Webner K, Sharfstein J. Development of Maryland local overdose fatality review teams: a localized, interdisciplinary approach to combat the growing problem of drug overdose deaths. Health Promot Pract 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1524839916632549: Shabani M, Zamani N, Hassanian-Moghaddam H. Endoscopic retrieval of baggies in body stuffers. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4: E443-E445. Sullivan S, Wolterstorff C, Johnson J, Ball V, Skinner C, Bothwell J. Accuracy of trans-abdominal ultrasound in a simulated massive acute overdose. Am J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.04.030: Suo A, Scozzafava J. Neurotoxic overdose in a young man: question and answer. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 23: 129, 170. Tominaga M, Michiue T, Oritani S, Ishikawa T, Maeda H. Evaluation of postmortem drug concentrations in bile compared with blood and urine in forensic autopsy cases. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 367-73. Willis S, Slattery A, King W, Benner K. Therapeutic error calls among older adults reported to a regional poison control center in Alabama. South Med J 2016; 109: 356-62.

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Zanjani F, Smith R, Slavova S, Charnigo R, Schoenberg N, Martin C, Clayton R. Concurrent alcohol and medication poisoning hospital admissions among older rural and urban residents. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/00952990.2016.1154966:

Acetaminophen (see paracetamol)

Acetylcysteine Sandilands EA, Morrison EE, Bateman DN. Adverse reactions to intravenous acetylcysteine in parac-etamol poisoning. Adverse Drug React Bull 2016; 297: 1147-50.

Adrenaline Slain KN, Shein SL, Rotta AT. The dose makes the poison: comparing epinephrine with dopamine in pediatric septic shock. Crit Care Med 2016; 44: e308.

Albendazole Saraner N, Özkan GY, Güney B, Alkan E, Burul-Bozkurt N, Saglam O, Fikirdesici E, Yildirim M. Determination of albendazole sulfoxide in human plasma by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1022: 1-5.

Amfetamines and MDMA (ecstasy) Hill SL, Hawkins L, Jackson G, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Thanacoody HKR, Thomas SHL. Patterns of presentation and clinical toxicity after reported use of methiopropamine: a report from the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS). Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 405-6. Marusich JA, Lefever TW, Blough BE, Thomas BF, Wiley JL. Pharmacological effects of methamphetamine and alpha-PVP vapor and injection. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.015: McKetin R, Dean OM, Baker AL, Carter G, Turner A, Kelly PJ, Berk M. A potential role for N-acetylcysteine in the management of methamphetamine dependence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/dar.12414: Reed SC, Evans SM. The effects of oral D-amphetamine on impulsivity in smoked and intranasal cocaine users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163: 141-52. Taghvimi A, Hamishehkar H, Ebrahimi M. Development and validation of a magnetic solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methadone in urine. J Sep Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/jssc.201600030: Watson R. Ecstasy is making a comeback, European drugs report warns. Br Med J 2016; 353: i3078.

Anabolic steroids Souza LD, da Cruz LA, Cerqueira EM, Meireles J. Micronucleus as biomarkers of cancer risk in anabolic androgenic steroids users. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early:

doi: 10.1177/0960327116650005:

Anaesthetics Bupivacaine Heinonen JA, Schramko AA, Skrifvars MB, Litonius E, Backman JT, Mervaala E, Rosenberg PH. The effects of intravenous lipid emulsion on hemodynamic recovery and myocardial cell mitochondrial function after bupivacaine toxicity in anesthetized pigs. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116650010:

Angiogenesis inhibitors Maurea N, Coppola C, Piscopo G, Galletta F, Riccio G, Esposito E, De Lorenzo C, De Laurentiis M, Spallarossa P, Mercuro G. Pathophysiology of cardiotoxicity from target therapy and angiogenesis inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Med 2016; 17 Suppl 1: S19-S26.

Anthracyclines Spallarossa P, Maurea N, Cadeddu C, Madonna R, Mele D, Monte I, Novo G, Pagliaro P, Pepe A, Tocchetti CG, Zito C, Mercuro G. A recommended practical approach to the management of anthracycline-based chemotherapy cardiotoxicity: an opinion paper of the working group on drug cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection, Italian Society of Cardiology. J Cardiovasc Med 2016; 17 Suppl 1: S84-S92. Valcovici M, Andrica F, Serban C, Dragan S. Cardiotoxicity of anthracycline therapy: current perspectives. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12: 428-35.

Antiarrhythmic drugs McCauley M, Vallabhajosyula S, Darbar D. Proarrhythmic and torsadogenic effects of potassium channel blockers in patients. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2016; 8: 481-93.

Amiodarone Xavier J, Haranal MY, Reddy SR, Melagiriyappa S. Amiodarone toxicity: an underdiagnosed entity. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 9: 199-200.

Flecainide Vu NM, Hill TE, Summers MR, Vranian MN, Faulx MD. Management of life-threatening flecainide overdose: a case report and review of the literature. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2016; 2: 228-31.

Antibiotics Imipenem-cilastatin Ninan J, George GM. Imipenem-cilastatin-induced psychosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10: 107.

Vancomycin Bayomy NA, Abdelaziz EZ, Said MA, Badawi MS, El-Bakary RH. Effect of pycnogenol and spirulina on vancomycin-induced renal cortical oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in adult male albino rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0600:

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Anticholinergic drugs Tiotropium Schmiedl S, Thürmann P, Fischer R, Rottenkolber D, Rottenkolber M. Response to Wise et al. (Tiotropium safety in real life popu-lations). Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12970: Wise R, Anzueto A, Dahl R, Dusser D, Calverley P. Tiotropium safety in 'real-world' populations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12972:

Anticoagulants Harbon SCD, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Coulson JM. Trends in oral anticoagulant enquiries to the UK National Poisons Information Service: a retrospective 5-year review. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 386-78.

Dabigatran Cantrell FL. In response to "Conservative management of intentional massive dabigatran overdose". J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64: 1147. Peetermans M, Pollack C, Reilly P, Liesenborghs L, Jacquemin M, Levy JH, Weitz JI, Verhamme P. Idarucizumab for dabigatran overdose. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1187737:

Rivaroxaban Repplinger DJ, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, Hines EQ, Howland M, Su MK. Lack of significant bleeding despite large acute rivaroxaban overdose confirmed with whole blood concentrations. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1187736:

Warfarin Mirkov I, Popov AA, Demenesku J, Ninkov M, Mileusnic D, Zolotarevski L, Subota V, Kataranovski D, Kataranovski M. Intestinal toxicity of oral warfarin intake in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94: 11-8.

Anticonvulsants Gabapentin Dunlop AJ. Commentary on Smith et al. (2016): Gabapentinlooks like a drug that can be misused..., probably is a drug that can be misused. Addiction 2016; 111: 1175-6.

Phenobarbital Ashtarinezhad A, Panahyab A, Shaterzadeh-Oskouei S, Khoshniat H, Mohamadzadehasl B, Shirazi FH. Teratogenic study of phenobarbital and levamisole on mouse fetus liver tissue using biospectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128: 174-83.

Antidepressants Almeida ND, Basso O, Abrahamowicz M, Gagnon R, Tamblyn R. Risk of miscarriage in women receiving antidepressants in early pregnancy, correcting for induced abortions. Epidemiology 2016; 27: 538-46.

Bruno T, Pharr JR. Retrospective case series analysis of characteristics and trends in unintentional pharmaceutical drug poisoning by methadone, opioid analgesics, antidepressants and benzo-diazepines in Clark County, NV 2009–13. J Public Health (UK) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw052:

Antihypertensive drugs Doxazosin Versmissen J, Koch BCP, Roofthooft DWE, ten Bosch-Dijksman W, van den Meiracker AH, Hanff LM, Visser W. Doxazosin treatment of phaeochromocytoma during pregnancy: placental transfer and disposition in breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12981:

Antimalarial drugs Fisher PG. Remember toxic exposures to antidementia drugs. J Pediatr 2016; 172: 1-4.

Antineoplastic drugs Alectinib Koizumi T, Fukushima T, Gomi D, Kobayashi T, Sekiguchi N, Sakamoto A, Sasaki S, Mamiya K. Alectinib-induced alopecia in a patient with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Case Rep Oncol 2016; 9: 212-5.

Bleomycin Banakh I, Lam A, Tiruvoipati R, Carney I, Botha J. Imatinib for bleomycin induced pulmonary toxicity: a case report and evidence-base review. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4: 486-90.

Brentuximab Sabet Y, Ramirez S, Rosell CE, Rensoli VM, Porres-Munoz M, Gaur S, Figueroa-Casas JB, Porres-Aguilar M. Severe acute pulmonary toxicity associated with brentuximab in a patient with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Case Rep Pulmonol 2016; 2016: 2359437.

Capecitabine Tan MB, McAdory LE. Capecitabine-induced leukoencephalopathy involving the bilateral corticospinal tracts. J Radiol Case Rep 2016; 10: 1-10.

Cetuximab Levi M, Popovtzer A, Tzabari M, Mizrachi A, Savion N, Stemmer SM, Shalgi R, Ben-Aharon I. Cetuximab intensifies cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.04.004:

Cisplatin Hosseinian S, Khajavi RA, Hadjzadeh M-AR, Mohamadian RN, Havakhah S, Shafiee S. The protective effect of Nigella sativa against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 2016; 6: 44-54. Levi M, Popovtzer A, Tzabari M, Mizrachi A, Savion N, Stemmer SM, Shalgi R, Ben-Aharon I. Cetuximab intensifies cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.04.004:

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Doxorubicin Daga M, Ulllio C, Argenziano M, Dianzani C, Cavalli R, Trotta F, Ferretti C, Zara GP, Gigliotti CL, Ciamporcero ES, Pettazzoni P, Corti D, Pizzimenti S, Barrera G. GSH-targeted nanosponges increase doxorubicin-induced toxicity "in vitro" and "in vivo" in cancer cells with high antioxidant defenses. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97: 24-37. de Melo MB, Machado CD, Ribeiro DL, Aissa AF, Burim RV, da Cunha MAA, Barcelos GRM, Antunes LMG, Bianchi MLP. Protective effects of the exopolysaccharide Lasiodiplodan against DNA damage and inflammation induced by doxorubicin in rats: cytogenetic and gene expression assays. Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.010:

Fluorouracil Dos Reis PE, Ciol MA, de Melo NS, Figueiredo PT, Leite AF, Manzi NM. Chamomile infusion cryotherapy to prevent oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy: a pilot study. Support Care Cancer 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00520-016-3279-y: Pomerantz H, Korgavkar K, Lee KC, Lew R, Weinstock MA, for the VAKCC Trial Group. Validation of photograph-based toxicity score for topical 5-fluorouracil cream application. J Cutan Med Surg 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1203475416643952:

Melphalan Lee SY, Meehan RS, Seldin DC, Sloan JM, Quillen K, Shelton A, Brauneis D, Sanchorawala V. Effect of severe hypoalbuminemia on toxicity of high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; online early: doi: 10.1038/bmt.2016.132:

Methotrexate Adams RD, Cooper G, Jackson G, Eagling VA, Stewart D, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Eddleston M. Examining methotrexate exposures reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service 2004–2015: highlighting adverse reactions and avoidable therapeutic errors. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 424-5. GaÏes E, Sassi MB, Charfi R, Lakhal M, Klouz A, Trabelsi S, Salouage I. Fatal methotrexate toxicity in a patient treated for an ectopic pregnancy. Thérapie 2016; 71: 348-50. Gaunt MJ. Methotrexate overdose due to inadvertent daily admin-istration. Pharm Times 2016; 82: 4. Wassenaar S, den Boer E, Westerman EM, Hazes JM, de Jonge R. Letter to the editor in response to the article "Clinical characteristics and risk factors for low dose methotrexate toxicity: a cohort of 28 patients" by Kivity S, Zafrir Y, Loebstein R, Pauzner R, Mouallem M, Mayan H, Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Nov.;13(11):1109-13: Height of MTX-PG levels in low-dose MTX-toxicity differs according to the time of onset. Autoimmun Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.04.006:

Sunitinib Domagala-Haduch M, Cedrych I, Jasiowka M, Niemiec M, Skotnicki P. Analysis of adverse events of sunitinib in patients treated for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12: 360-4. Shinagare AB, Steele E, Braschi-Amirfarzan M, Tirumani SH, Ramaiya NH. Sunitinib-associated pancreatic atrophy in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a toxicity with prognostic implications detected at imaging. Radiology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015152547:

Vincristine Lopez-Lopez E, Gutierrez-Camino A, Astigarraga I, Navajas A, Echebarria-Barona A, Garcia-Miguel P, Garcia de AN, Lobo C, Guerra-Merino I, Martin-Guerrero I, Garcia-Orad A. Vincristine pharmacokinetics pathway and neurotoxicity during early phases of treatment in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17: 731-41. Yildiz FG, Temucin ÇM. Vincristine-induced neurotoxicity: electrophysiological features in children. Neurol Res 2016; 38: 124-9.

Antipsychotics Söderberg C, Wernvik E, Tillmar A, Spigset O, Kronstrand R, Reis M, Jönsson AK, Druid H. Antipsychotics – Postmortem fatal and non-fatal reference concentrations. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 266: 91-101. Yu Z-h, Jiang H-y Shao L, Zhou Y-y, Shi H-y, Ruan B. Use of antipsychotics and risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12985:

Cyamemazine Jeanjean ML, Couturier B, Gregoire C, Galbois A. An unusual and unexpected finding in a case of self-poisoning. Dig Liver Dis 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.03.021:

Antituberculous drugs Martin SJ, Sabina EP. Amelioration of anti-tuberculosis drug induced oxidative stress in kidneys by Spirulina fusiformis in a rat model. Ren Fail 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2016.1184940:

Rifampicin Gopi M, Seshadri MS. Biphasic Effect of Rifampicin on Bilirubin- A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10: OD14-OD15.

Antiviral drugs Oluwafeyisetan A, Olubunmi A, Peter O. Naringin ameliorates HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-induced mitochondrial toxicity. Curr HIV Res 2016; online early: PMID:27197616:

Baclofen Niehaus MT, Elliott NC, Katz KD.

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Baclofen toxicity causing acute, reversible dyskinesia. J Med Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0556-6:

Benzodiazepines Bruno T, Pharr JR. Retrospective case series analysis of characteristics and trends in unintentional pharmaceutical drug poisoning by methadone, opioid analgesics, antidepressants and benzodiazepines in Clark County, NV 2009–13. J Public Health (UK) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw052: Johnson DJG, Cooper G, Davanzo F, Ebbecke M, Eddleston M, Garnier R, Margolin ZR, Mégarbane B, Schaper A, Sesana F, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Green J. Tracking the trends over time of global adult human exposures to benzodiazepines and opioids reported to poison centres in the Global Toxicosurveillance Network. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 466. Johnson DJG, Cooper G, Davanzo F, Ebbecke M, Eddleston M, Garnier R, Margolin ZR, Mégarbane B, Schaper A, Sesana F, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Green J. Tracking the trends over time of unintentional pediatric exposures to benzodiazepines and opioids reported to poison centres in the Global Toxicosurveillance Network. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 465.

Bupropion Fulton LV, Fabich RA, Jr., Bhatta J, Fletcher B, Leininger K, Lienesch K, Rodriguez TA, Coyner JL, Johnson AD, O'Sullivan J. Comparison of resuscitative protocols for bupropion overdose using lipid emulsion in a swine model. Mil Med 2016; 181: 482-7.

Caffeine Eagling VA, Lupton DJ, McGrory CE, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Eddleston M. Caffeine-containing energy drinks and caffeine poisoning in school-age children (5–16 years): TOXBASE® access and enquiry data. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 463.

Calcium channel blockers Cooper G, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Coulson JM. A review of enquiries received by the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) from England and Wales involving calcium channel blocking drugs 2009–2013. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 410.

Diltiazem Ryuge A, Shimizu H, Ohyama Y, Yamaguchi M, Nomura A, Maruyama S, Kitamura H, Fujita Y. Ischemic acute tubular necrosis due to diltiazem overdose. Intern Med 2016; 55: 1149-51.

Cannabis (marijuana) Anderson GD, Chan L-N. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with tobacco, cannabinoids and smoking cessation products. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s40262-016-0400-9: Benevenuto SG, Domenico MD, Martins MA, Costa NS, de Souza AR, Costa JL, Tavares MFM, Dolhnikoff M, Veras MM. Recreational use of marijuana during pregnancy negative gestational fetal outcomes: an experimental study in mice.

Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.020: Hill VA, Schaffer MI, Stowe GN. Carboxy-THC in washed hair: still the reliable indicator of marijuana ingestion. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 345-9. Legleye S, Khlat M, Mayet A, Beck F, Falissard B, Chau N, Peretti-Watel P. From cannabis initiation to daily use: educational inequalities in consumption behaviours over three generations in France. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13461: Unger JB, Soto DW, Leventhal A. E-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette and marijuana use among Hispanic young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163: 261-4. Varlet V, Concha-Lozano N, Berthet A, Plateel G, Favrat B, de Cesare M, Lauer E, Augsburger M, Thomas A, Giroud C. Drug vaping applied to cannabis: is "cannavaping" a therapeutic alternative to marijuana? Sci Rep 2016; 6: 25599.

Chlorhexidine Kuypers MI, Lieshoud JR, van der Linden PD, Boeke GM, Deenik W, Touw DJ. A case of methemoglobinemia after ingestion of a chlor-hexidine in alcohol solution in an alcohol-dependent patient. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1183778:

Clenbuterol Ali M, Foster Y, Brooks M, Roomiany P. An outbreak of beta-2 adrenergic toxicity from adulterated heroin. Am J Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.03.027: Waight M, McGuinness W. Case of low dose clenbuterol toxicity. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:

Cocaine Blanken P, Hendriks VM, Huijsman IA, van Ree JM, Van den Brink W. Efficacy of cocaine contingency management in heroin-assisted treatment: results of a randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164: 55-63. Kimura-Kojima H, Unuma K, Funakoshi T, Kato C, Komatsu A, Aki T, Uemura K. Increased MFG-E8 expression and its implications in the vascular pathophysiology of cocaine abuse. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29: 131-8. Reed SC, Evans SM. The effects of oral D-amphetamine on impulsivity in smoked and intranasal cocaine users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163: 141-52. Riley ED, Kral AH, Cohen J, Dilworth SE, Shumway M, Lynch KL. Levamisole-contaminated cocaine use in HIV-infected and uninfected unstably housed women. J Womens Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5532: Veronese FV, Dode RSO, Friderichs M, Thomé GG, da Silva DR, Schaefer PG, Sebben VC, Nicolella AR, Barros EJG.

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Cocaine/levamisole-induced systemic vasculitis with retiform purpura and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49: e5244.

Designer drugs Fuwa T, Suzuki J, Tanaka T, Inomata A, Honda Y, Kodama T. Novel psychoactive benzofurans strongly increase extracellular serotonin level in mouse corpus striatum. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41: 329-37. Krabseth HM, Tuv SS, Strand MC, Karinen RA, Wiik E, Vevelstad MS, Westin AA, Øiestad EL, Vindenes V. Novel psychoactive substances. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2016; 136: 714-7. Negreira N, Kinyua J, De BN, Maudens K, van Nuijs AL. Identification of in vitro and in vivo human metabolites of the new psychoactive substance nitracaine by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/?s00216-016-9616-7:

Mephedrone Hope VD, Cullen KJ, Smith J, Jessop L, Parry J, Ncube F. Is the recent emergence of mephedrone injecting in the United Kingdom associated with elevated risk behaviours and blood borne virus infection? Euro Surveill 2016; 21: doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.19.30225. Papaseit E, Pérez-Mañá C, Mateus JA, Pujadas M, Fonseca F, Torrens M, Olesti E, de la Torre R, Farré M. Human pharmacology of mephedrone in comparison to MDMA. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.75:

Phenethylamines Kristofic JJ, Chmiel JD, Jackson GF, Vorce SP, Holler JM, Robinson SL, Bosy TZ. Detection of 25C-NBOMe in three related cases. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw035: Wolf CE, Poklis JL, Cumpston K, Moss M, Poklis A. Acute dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial injury after combined 4-fluoroamphetamine and modafinil ingestion. Drug Test Anal 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/dta.1988:

Synthetic cannabinoids Adamowicz P, Gieron J. Acute intoxication of four individuals following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MAB-CHMINACA. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1190016: Bileck A, Ferk F, Al-Serori H, Koller VJ, Muqaku B, Haslberger A, Auwärter V, Gerner C, Knasmüller S. Impact of a synthetic cannabinoid (CP-47,497-C8) on protein expression in human cells: evidence for induction of inflammation and DNA damage. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1369-82. Elsheshtawy M, Sriganesh P, Virparia V, Patel F, Khanna A. Synthetic marijuana induced acute nonischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Case Rep Cardiol 2016; 2016: 9625758.

Hill SL, Najafi J, Dunn M, Acheampong P, Kamour A, Grundlingh J, Blain PG, Thomas SHL. Clinical toxicity following analytically confirmed use of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-CHMICA. A report from the Identification Of Novel psychoActive substances (IONA) study. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1190980: Najafi J, Waugh J, Hawkins L, Hill SL, Eddleston M, Vale JA, Thompson JP, Thomas SHL. Toxicity following recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and the impact of legal control measures: a report from the UK's National Poisons Information Service. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 386. Neifeld JR, Regester LE, Holler JM, Vorce SP, Magluilo J, Jr., Ramos G, Bosy TZ. Ultrafast screening of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones in urine by rapidfire-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 379-87.

Synthetic cathinones Ellefsen KN, Concheiro M, Huestis MA. Synthetic cathinone pharmacokinetics, analytical methods, and toxicological findings from human performance and postmortem cases. Drug Metab Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1188937: Marusich JA, Lefever TW, Blough BE, Thomas BF, Wiley JL. Pharmacological effects of methamphetamine and alpha-PVP vapor and injection. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.015: Swortwood MJ, Ellefsen KN, Wohlfarth A, Diao X, Concheiro-Guisan M, Kronstrand R, Huestis MA. First metabolic profile of PV8, a novel synthetic cathinone, in human hepatocytes and urine by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/?s00216-016-9599-4: Umebachi R, Aoki H, Sugita M, Taira T, Wakai S, Saito T, Inokuchi S. Clinical characteristics of -pyrrolidinovalerophenone (-PVP) poisoning. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1166508: Wright TH, Harris C. Twenty-one cases involving alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (-PVP). J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 396-402.

Digoxin Limon G, Ersoy G, Oray NC, Bayram B, Limon O. Retrospective evaluation of patients with elevated digoxin levels at an emergency department. Turk J Emerg Med 2016; 16: 17-21.

Dopamine Slain KN, Shein SL, Rotta AT. The dose makes the poison: comparing epinephrine with dopamine in pediatric septic shock. Crit Care Med 2016; 44: e308.

Gamma hydroxybutyrate White CM.

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Pharmacologic, Pharmacokinetic, and Clinical Assessment of Illicitly Used Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB). J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/jcph.767:

Herbal medicines, ethnic remedies and dietary supplements Bordin DM, Bettim BB, Perdona GC, de Campos EG, De Martinis BS. Understanding alterations on blood and biochemical param-eters in athletes that use dietary supplements, steroids and illicit drugs. Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.019: Dong X, Fu J, Yin X, Cao S, Li X, Lin L, Ni J. Emodin: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/ptr.5631: García-Cortés M, Robles-Díaz M, Ortega-Alonso A, Medina-Caliz I, Andrade RJ. Hepatotoxicity by dietary supplements: a tabular listing and clinical characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17: 537. Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Lead poisoning due to Ayurvedic medicine: how about the risk? Int J Occup Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10773525.2016.1183296: Kaiser S, Carvalho ÂR, Pittol V, Dietrich F, Manica F, Machado MM, de Oliveira LF, Oliveira Battastini AM, Ortega GG. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw): chemotype relevance. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 189: 90-8. Lee JY, Jun SA, Hong SS, Ahn YC, Lee DS, Son CG. Systematic review of adverse effects from herbal drugs reported in randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/ptr.5647: Pantano F, Tittarelli R, Mannocchi G, Zaami S, Ricci S, Giorgetti R, Terranova D, Busardò FP, Marinelli E. Hepatotoxicity induced by "the 3Ks": kava, kratom and khat. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17: 580. Pourmand, Li A, Yiu A, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Shokoohi H. Survival following profound acidosis and rhabdomyolysis due to dietary supplement use. Am J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.05.052: Zagorodnikova K, Lupattelli A, Pokladova M, Nordeng H. Use of herbal medicines during pregnancy by women in Russia. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 60: 187. Zheng E, Navarro V. Liver injury due to herbal and dietary supplements: a review of individual ingredients. Clin Liver Dis 2016; 7: 80-3.

2,4-dinitrophenol Hill SH, Hawkins L, Jackson G, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Thanacoody HKR, Thomas SHL. Toxicity of 2,4 dinitrophenol: impact of public health measures discouraging use on episodes of toxicity referred to the UK National Poisons Information Service.

Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 462-3. Zack F, Blaas V, Goos C, Rentsch D, Büttner A. Death within 44 days of 2,4-dinitrophenol intake. Int J Legal Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00414-016-1378-4:

Heroin (diacetylmorphine) Ali M, Foster Y, Brooks M, Roomiany P. An outbreak of beta-2 adrenergic toxicity from adulterated heroin. Am J Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.03.027: Ellis AD, McGwin G, Davis GG, Dye DW. Identifying cases of heroin toxicity where 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) is not detected by toxicological analyses. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12024-016-9780-2: Ruan X, Chiravuri S, Kaye AD. Identifying cases of heroin toxicity where 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) is not detected by toxicological analyses. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12024-016-9783-z: Shu SL, Thompson PD, Kimber TE. Dystonia-parkinsonism due to pallidal and nigral necrosis following heroin overdose: long-term evolution. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 3: 188-90.

Hydroxychloroquine Iselin KC, Marti P, Pless M. Hydroxychloroquine-induced retinal toxicity. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2016; 233: 514-6. Kam J, Zhang Q, Lin J, Liu J, Wang RK, Rezaei K. Optical coherence tomography based microangiography findings in hydroxychloroquine toxicity. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6: 178-83.

Hypoglycaemics drugs Metformin Omar A, Ellen R, Sorisky A. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a patient with normal renal function. Can J Diabetes 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.12.004:

Ibogaine Brunt TM, Litjens RP. In reply - On the toxicity of ibogaine. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1190018: Yip L, Deng J-F. On the toxicity of ibogaine. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1190017:

Levamisole Ashtarinezhad A, Panahyab A, Shaterzadeh-Oskouei S, Khoshniat H, Mohamadzadehasl B, Shirazi FH. Teratogenic study of phenobarbital and levamisole on mouse fetus liver tissue using biospectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128: 174-83. Riley ED, Kral AH, Cohen J, Dilworth SE, Shumway M, Lynch KL.

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Levamisole-contaminated cocaine use in HIV-infected and uninfected unstably housed women. J Womens Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5532: Veronese FV, Dode RSO, Friderichs M, Thomé GG, da Silva DR, Schaefer PG, Sebben VC, Nicolella AR, Barros EJG. Cocaine/levamisole-induced systemic vasculitis with retiform purpura and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49: e5244.

Lithium Gong R, Wang P, Dworkin LD. What we need to know about the effect of lithium on the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2016: Tursun I, Tazegul G, Karhan O, Gunes N, Ulukal E, Atcakarlar MA, Akca T, Coban E. Polypharmacy may be the cause of acute lithium in-toxication at the second day of treatment. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2016; 57: 261-3. Vodovar D, El Balkhi S, Curis E, Deye N, Mégarbane B. Lithium poisoning in the intensive care unit: predictive factors of severity and indications for extracorporeal toxin removal to improve outcome. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1185110:

MEK inhibitors Nolan DP, Lewis S, Hariprasad SM. Retinal Toxicity Associated With MEK Inhibitor Use for Metastatic Cancer: A Rising Trend in Ophthalmology. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016; 47: 398-402.

Methoxetamine Zanda MT, Fadda P, Chiamulera C, Fratta W, Fattore L. Methoxetamine, a novel psychoactive substance with serious adverse pharmacological effects: a review of case reports and preclinical findings. Behav Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000241:

Methylphenidate Patel V, Krishna AS, Lefevre C, Kaagaza M, Wittkamp M. Methylphenidate overdose causing secondary polydipsia and severe hyponatremia in an 8-year-old boy. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000788:

MPTP Alam G, Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP, Lu L, Williams RW, Jones BC. MPTP neurotoxicity is highly concordant between the sexes among BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains. Neurotoxicology 2016; 55: 40-7.

Muscle relaxants Succinylcholine Xing J, Li W, Tong F, Liang Y, He G, Zhou Y. Three homicides with darts tainted with succinylcholine: autopsy and toxicology. Int J Legal Med 2016; onlnie early: doi: 10.1007/s00414-016-1374-8:

Nicotine Dautzenberg B, Garelik D.

Patients with lung cancer: are electronic cigarettes harmful or useful? Lung Cancer 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.011: Thomas E, Vale JA, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP. Intramuscular and intravenous e-liquid injection: a new phenomenon? Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 371. Unger JB, Soto DW, Leventhal A. E-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette and marijuana use among Hispanic young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163: 261-4. You G, Rhee J, Park Y, Park S. Determination of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine using LC/MS/MS in forensic samples of a nicotine fatal case by oral ingestion of e-cigarette liquid. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13083:

NSAIDs Krasniqi V, Dimovski A, Domjanovic IK, Bilic I, Božina N. How polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 genes affect ibuprofen and diclofenac metabolism and toxicity / Kako polimorfizmi gena citokroma P450 utjecu na metabolizam i toksicnost ibuprofena i diklofenaka. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67: 1-8.

Mefenamic acid Kamour A, Crichton S, Cooper G, Lupton DJ, Eddleston M, Vale JA, Thompson JP, Thomas SHL. Central nervous system toxicity following mefenamic acid overdose: an analysis of UK National Poisons Information Service Data. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 410-1.

Opioids Bachyrycz A, Shrestha S, Bleske BE, Tinker D, Bakhireva LN. Opioid overdose prevention through pharmacy-based naloxone prescription program: innovations in healthcare delivery. Subst Abus 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1184739: Beaudoin FL, Banerjee GN, Mello MJ. State-level and system-level opioid prescribing policies: The impact on provider practices and overdose deaths, a systematic review. J Opioid Manag 2016; 12: 109-18. Bogdanowicz KM, Stewart R, Chang C-K, Downs J, Khondoker M, Shetty H, Strang J, Hayes RD. Identifying mortality risks in patients with opioid use disorder using brief screening assessment: Secondary mental health clinical records analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164: 82-8. Bruno T, Pharr JR. Retrospective case series analysis of characteristics and trends in unintentional pharmaceutical drug poisoning by methadone, opioid analgesics, antidepressants and benzodiazepines in Clark County, NV 2009–13. J Public Health (UK) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw052: Connors NJ, Nelson LS. The devil is in the details but the details are not in NHAMCS. J Med Toxicol 2016; 12: 145-7.

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Davis CS, Carr D. Physician continuing education to reduce opioid misuse, abuse, and overdose: many opportunities, few requirements. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163: 100-7. Elzey MJ, Barden SM, Edwards ES. Patient characteristics and outcomes in unintentional, non-fatal prescription opioid overdoses: a systematic review. Pain Phys 2016; 19: 215-28. Ghitza UE. Overlapping mechanisms of stress-induced relapse to opioid use disorder and chronic pain: clinical implications. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7: 80. Hansen H, Siegel C, Wanderling J, DiRocco D. Buprenorphine and methadone treatment for opioid dependence by income, ethnicity and race of neighborhoods in New York City. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164: 14-21. Janoff SL, Perrin NA, Coplan PM, Chilcoat HD, Campbell CI, Green CA. Protocol: changes in rates of opioid overdose and poisoning events in an integrated health system following the introduction of a formulation of OxyContin® with abuse-deterrent properties. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17: 21. Johnson DJG, Cooper G, Davanzo F, Ebbecke M, Eddleston M, Garnier R, Margolin ZR, Mégarbane B, Schaper A, Sesana F, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Green J. Tracking the trends over time of global adult human exposures to benzodiazepines and opioids reported to poison centres in the Global Toxicosurveillance Network. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 466. Johnson DJG, Cooper G, Davanzo F, Ebbecke M, Eddleston M, Garnier R, Margolin ZR, Mégarbane B, Schaper A, Sesana F, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Green J. Tracking the trends over time of unintentional pediatric exposures to benzodiazepines and opioids reported to poison centres in the Global Toxicosurveillance Network. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 465. Katzman JG, Fore C, Bhatt S, Greenberg N, Salvador JG, Comerci GC, Camarata C, Marr L, Monette R, Arora S, Bradford A, Taylor D, Dillow J, Karol S. Evaluation of American Indian Health Service training in pain management and opioid substance use disorder. Am J Public Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303193: Liang Y, Goros MW, Turner BJ. Drug overdose: differing risk models for women and men among opioid users with non-cancer pain. Pain Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/pm/pnw071: Nielsen S, Larance B, Degenhardt L, Gowing L, Kehler C, Lintzeris N. Opioid agonist treatment for pharmaceutical opioid depen-dent people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 5: CD011117. Stempniak M. The opioid epidemic. Hosp Health Netw 2016; 90: 22-9. Strang J, McDonald R, Alqurshi A, Royall P, Taylor D, Forbes B.

Naloxone without the needle systematic review of candidate routes for non-injectable naloxone for opioid overdose reversal. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163: 16-23. Traynor K. Small state takes big steps in opioid-overdose reversal. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 73: 734-8. Zedler BK, Mann AL, Kim MM, Amick HR, Joyce AR, Murrelle EL, Jones HE. Buprenorphine compared with methadone to treat pregnant women with opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of safety in the mother, fetus and child. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13462:

Fentanyl American College of Medical Toxicology. ACMT Position Statement: safety issues regarding prescription fentanyl products. J Med Toxicol 2016; 12: 211-2.

Methadone American College of Medical Toxicology. ACMT Position Statement: the use of methadone as an analgesic. J Med Toxicol 2016; 12: 213-5. Taghvimi A, Hamishehkar H, Ebrahimi M. Development and validation of a magnetic solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methadone in urine. J Sep Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/jssc.201600030: Torjesen I. Methadone is responsible for over half of accidental drug poisoning deaths in toddlers. Br Med J 2016; 353: i2802.

Morphine Bansal A, Singh S, Rejai S, Rahman S, Park SA. Intraarticular morphine overdose: the role of the peri-operative physician. Pain Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/pm/pnw079:

Tramadol Belin N, Clairet A-L, Chocron S, Capellier G, Piton G. Refractory cardiogenic shock during tramadol poisoning: a case report. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12012-016-9373-z: Michelon H, Bouchand F, Polito A, Clair B, Annane D. Fatal tramadol-induced multiple organ failure. Thérapie 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2016.02.017:

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Acheampong P, Thomas SHL. Determinants of hepatotoxicity after repeated supra-therapeutic paracetamol ingestion; systematic review of reported cases. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.13028: Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Treatments for paracetamol poisoning. Br Med J 2016; 353: i2579.

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Cook SF, Stockmann C, Samiee-Zafarghandy S, King AD, Deutsch N, Williams EF, Wilkins DG, Sherwin CM, van den Anker JN. Neonatal maturation of paracetamol (acetaminophen) glucuronidation, sulfation, and oxidation based on a parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetic model. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s40262-016-0408-1: Kumagai Y, Tanaka R, Song I, Sakamoto Y. Analysis of data from special drug use surveillance on elevation of liver function tests in Japanese patients administered high dose acetaminophen. Jpn J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 47: 31-7. Mahmoud YI, Mahmoud AA. Role of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in acetaminophen-induced changes in rat liver: Nicotinamide effect in acetaminophen-damged liver. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2016; 68: 345-54. Sandilands EA, Morrison EE, Bateman DN. Adverse reactions to intravenous acetylcysteine in parac-etamol poisoning. Adverse Drug React Bull 2016; 297: 1147-50. Wong A, Graudins A. N-acetylcysteine regimens for paracetamol overdose: Time for a change? Emerg Med Australas 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12610:

Ropinirole Good AM, Jackson G, McGrory CE, Eagling V, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Eddleston M. Overdoses of ropinirole reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 442-3.

Salicylate Sakai N, Hirose Y, Sato N, Kondo D, Shimada Y, Hori Y. Late metabolic acidosis caused by renal tubular acidosis in acute salicylate poisoning. Naika 2016; 55: 1315-7.

SSRIs and SNRIs Kivistö J, Lehto SM, Halonen K, Georgiadis L, Heinonen S. Maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lengthening of the umbilical cord: indirect evidence of increased foetal activity - A retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE 2016; 11: e0154628.

Citalopram Anon. Citalopram, escitalopram: no more effective than other SSRIs, but more toxic. Prescrire Int 2016; 25: 98.

Paroxetine Bérard A, Chaabane S, Muanda FT, Boukhris T, Zhao J. Paroxetine use during pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12979:

Venlafaxine Anon. Venlafaxine: more dangerous than most "selective" serotonergic antidepressants.

Prescrire Int 2016; 25: 96-9. Araújo AR, Marçal M, Tuna M, Anjos R. Cardiac dysfunction and prenatal exposure to venlafaxine. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4: 383-6. Jeanjean ML, Couturier B, Gregoire C, Galbois A. An unusual and unexpected finding in a case of self-poisoning. Dig Liver Dis 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.03.021:

Steroids Bordin DM, Bettim BB, Perdona GC, de Campos EG, De Martinis BS. Understanding alterations on blood and biochemical parameters in athletes that use dietary supplements, steroids and illicit drugs. Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.019:

Substance abuse Been F, Lai FY, Kinyua J, Covaci A, van Nuijs AL. Profiles and changes in stimulant use in Belgium in the period of 2011–2015. Sci Total Environ 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.128: Cabrera EA, Wiers CE, Lindgren E, Miller G, Volkow ND, Wang G-J. Neuroimaging the effectiveness of substance use disorder treatments. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11481-016-9680-y: Callon W, Beach MC, Saha S, Chander G, Wilson IB, Laws MB, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore R, Korthuis PT. Assessing problematic substance use in HIV care: which questions elicit accurate patient disclosures? J Gen Intern Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3733-z: Dunlop AJ. Commentary on Smith et al. (2016): Gabapentinlooks like a drug that can be misused..., probably is a drug that can be misused. Addiction 2016; 111: 1175-6. Gatidou G, Kinyua J, van Nuijs ALN, Gracia-Lor E, Castiglioni S, Covaci A, Stasinakis AS. Drugs of abuse and alcohol consumption among different groups of population on the Greek Island of Lesvos through sewage-based epidemiology. Sci Total Environ 2016; 563-564: 633-40. Harrell PT, Fu H. Commentary on Betts et al. (2016): polysubstance use and opioid substitution therapy among people who inject drugs. Addiction 2016; 111: 1224-5. Katzman JG, Fore C, Bhatt S, Greenberg N, Salvador JG, Comerci GC, Camarata C, Marr L, Monette R, Arora S, Bradford A, Taylor D, Dillow J, Karol S. Evaluation of American Indian Health Service training in pain management and opioid substance use disorder. Am J Public Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303193: Liakoni E, Dolder PC, Rentsch KM, Liechti ME.

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Presentations due to acute toxicity of psychoactive substances in an urban emergency department in Switzerland: a case series. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17: 25. Scott AJ, Dunlop AJ, Brown A, Sadler C, Isbister GK. The prevalence of QT prolongation in a population of patients with substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/dar.12415: Vallersnes OM, Jacobsen D, Ekeberg Ø, Brekke M. Outpatient treatment of acute poisoning by substances of abuse: a prospective observational cohort study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24: 76. Zarrouq B, Bendaou B, El Asri A, Achour S, Rammouz I, Aalouane R, Lyoussi B, Khelafa S, Bout A, Berhili N, Hlal H, Najdi A, Nejjari C, El Rhazi K. Psychoactive substances use and associated factors among middle and high school students in the north center of Morocco: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. BMC Public Health 2016; 16: 468.

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Bulathsinghala M, Keefer K, Van de Louw A. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-induced severe lactic acidosis: a case report and review of the literature. Medicine 2016; 95: e3478.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Przybylyski A, Esper P. Early recognition and management of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a newly recognized complication in patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20: 305-8.

Vaccines De Giacinto C, Guaglione E, Leon PE, D'Aloisio R, Vattovani O, Ravalico G, Tognetto D. Unilateral optic neuritis: a rare complication after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in a 30-year-old woman. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2016; 2016: 8740264.

Vitamins Loughrill E, Govinden P, Zand N. Vitamins A and E content of commercial infant foods in the UK: a cause for concern? Food Chem 2016; 210: 56-62.

Calciferol Narsaria P, Sankar J, Lodha R. Fatal outcome of accidental vitamin D overdose. Indian J Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12098-016-2109-z:

Nicotinamide Lenglet A, Liabeuf S, El EN, Brisset S, Mansour J, Lemaire-Hurtel A-S, Mary A, Brazier M, Kamel S, Mentaverri R, Choukroun G, Fournier A, Massy ZA. Efficacy and safety of nicotinamide in haemodialysis patients: the NICOREN study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; online eawrly: doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw042: Mahmoud YI, Mahmoud AA. Role of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in acetaminophen-induced changes in rat liver: Nicotinamide effect in acetaminophen-damged liver. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2016; 68: 345-54.

CHEMICAL INCIDENTS AND POLLUTION Air pollution Carvalho MA, Bernardes LS, Hettfleisch K, Pastro LDM, Vieira SE, Saldiva SRDM, Saldiva PHN, Francisco RPV. Associations of maternal personal exposure to air pollution on fetal weight and fetoplacental Doppler: a prospective cohort study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62: 9-17. Chen H, Chen X, Hong X, Liu C, Huang H, Wang Q, Chen S, Chen H, Yang K, Sun Q. Maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 exaggerates fetal cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by homocysteine in rats. Environ Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/tox.22287: Clark-Reyna SE, Grineski SE, Collins TW. Health status and residential exposure to air toxics: what are the effects on children's academic achievement? Fam Community Health 2016; 39: 160-8. Pei Y, Jiang R, Zou Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang G, Zhao J, Song W. Effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on systemic oxidative stress and cardiac function in ApoE-/- mice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13: 484. Tong H. Dietary and pharmacological intervention to mitigate the cardiopulmonary effects of air pollution toxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.014: Yao C, Chen Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Hou L, Xu Y, Zhang C, Cao J. Air pollution and the risk of birth defects in Anqing City, China. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: e124-e127.

Exhaust fumes Bin P, Shen M, Li H, Sun X, Niu Y, Meng T, Yu T, Zhang X, Dai Y, Gao W, Gu G, Yu S, Zheng Y. Increased levels of urinary biomarkers of lipid peroxidation products among workers occupationally exposed to diesel engine exhaust. Free Radic Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1178738: Chiu Y-HM, Garshick E, Hart JE, Spiegelman D, Dockery DW, Smith TJ, Laden F. Occupational vehicle-related particulate exposure and inflammatory markers in trucking industry workers. Environ Res 2016; 148: 310-7.

Chemical incidents D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Illness symptoms experienced by children exposed to benzene after a flaring incident at the BP refinery facility in Texas city. Clin Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0009922816641463: Laffon B, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V. Effects of exposure to oil spills on human health: updated review. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1168730:

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Pollution and hazardous waste Borthakur A. Health and environmental hazards of electronic waste in India. J Environ Health 2016; 78: 18-23. Kristensen SL, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Ernst E, Olsen SF, Bonde JP, Vested A, Halldorsson TI, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Toft G. Prenatal exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants and female reproductive function in young adulthood. Environ Int 2016; 92-93: 366-72. Rezvanfar MA, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M. Growing knowledge of using embryonic stem cells as a novel tool in developmental risk assessment of environmental toxicants. Life Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.027: Vrijheid M, Casas M, Gascon M, Valvi D, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Environmental pollutants and child healthA review of recent concerns. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219: 331-42.

CHEMICALS General Bassig BA, Zhang L, Vermeulen R, Tang X, Li G, Hu W, Guo W, Purdue MP, Yin S, Rappaport SM, Shen M, Ji Z, Qiu C, Ge Y, Hosgood HD, Reiss B, Wu B, Xie Y, Li L, Yue F, Freeman LE, Blair A, Hayes RB, Huang H, Smith MT, Rothman N, Lan Q. Comparison of hematological alterations and markers of B-cell activation in workers exposed to benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene. Carcinogenesis 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgw053: Bena A, Farina E, Demaria M, Cadum E. Mortality study of employees at a chemical manufacturing plant using administrative databases. Am J Ind Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/ajim.22617: Karin M, Dhar D. Liver carcinogenesis: from naughty chemicals to soothing fat and the surprising role of NRF2. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37: 541-6. Ke Y, Huang L, Xia J, Xu X, Liu H, Li YR. Comparative study of oxidative stress biomarkers in urine of cooks exposed to three types of cooking-related particles. Toxicol Lett 2016; 255: 36-42. Malachova K, Kukutschova J, Rybkova Z, Sezimova H, Placha D, Cabanova K, Filip P. Toxicity and mutagenicity of low-metallic automotive brake pad materials. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 131: 37-44. Yamane J, Aburatani S, Imanishi S, Akanuma H, Nagano R, Kato T, Sone H, Ohsako S, Fujibuchi W. Prediction of developmental chemical toxicity based on gene networks of human embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw450:

Acrolein Claeson A-S, Lind N.

Human exposure to acrolein: time-dependence and individual variation in eye irritation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45: 20-7.

Alcohol (ethanol) Achaiah A, Andrews N. Intoxication with alcohol: an underestimated trigger of Brugada syndrome? JRSM Open 2016; 7: 2054270416640153. Anny Gano MS, Doremus-Fitzwater TL, Deak T. Sustained alterations in neuroimmune gene expression after daily, but not intermittent, alcohol exposure. Brain Res 2016; 1646: 62-72. Bhala N, Cézard G, Ward HJT, Bansal N, Bhopal R. Ethnic variations in liver- and alcohol-related disease hospi-talisations and mortality: the Scottish health and ethnicity linkage study. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agw018: Dixit D, Endicott J, Burry L, Ramos L, Yeung SYA, Devabhakthuni S, Chan C, Tobia A, Bulloch MN. Management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/phar.1770: Huang R, Ho SY, Wang MP, Lo WS, Lam TH. Reported alcohol drinking and mental health problems in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164: 47-54. Kuttler H, Schwendemann H, Reis O, Bitzer EM. Developmental Hazards Among Young Alcohol Intoxicated Patients. J Adolesc Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.022: Kuypers MI, Lieshoud JR, van der Linden PD, Boeke GM, Deenik W, Touw DJ. A case of methemoglobinemia after ingestion of a chlorhexidine in alcohol solution in an alcohol-dependent patient. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1183778: Miranda-Morales RS, Haymal B, Pautassi RM. Effects of ethanol exposure in a familiar or isolated context during infancy on ethanol intake during adolescence. Dev Psychobiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/dev.21427: Riggan MAA, Hayman K, Chen BC, Hoffman RS. Regarding 'Phenobarbital for acute alcohol withdrawal: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study'. J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.158: Seo JB, Jung SR, Hille B, Koh DS. Extracellular ATP protects pancreatic duct epithelial cells from alcohol-induced damage through P2Y1 receptor-cAMP signal pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32: 229-47. Terry-McElrath YM, Patrick ME. Intoxication and binge and high-intensity drinking among US young adults in their mid-twenties. Subst Abus 2016; online early:

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doi: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1178681: Zanjani F, Smith R, Slavova S, Charnigo R, Schoenberg N, Martin C, Clayton R. Concurrent alcohol and medication poisoning hospital admissions among older rural and urban residents. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/00952990.2016.1154966:

Aniline Modick H, Weiss T, Dierkes G, Koslitz S, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T, Koch HM. Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of aniline after a single oral dose. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1325-33.

Batteries Hawkins L, George NC, Hill SH, Thomas SHL, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Paediatric battery ingestion: the experience of the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS). Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 412.

Bauxite Noor Hisham A, Norlen M, Lokman Hakim S, Thahirahtul Asma Z, Daud AR. Potential health impacts of bauxite mining in Kuantan. Malays J Med Sci 2016; 23: 1-8.

Benzo(a)pyrene Ali R, Shahid A, Ali N, Hasan SK, Majed F, Sultana S. Amelioration of benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress and pulmonary toxicity by Naringenin in Wistar rats: A plausible role of COX-2 and NF-B. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116650009: Beranek M, Fiala Z, Kremlacek J, Andrys C, Hamakova K, Chmelarova M, Palicka V, Borska L. Genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes for benzo[a]pyrene and related levels of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-DNA adducts in Goeckerman therapy. Toxicol Lett 2016; 255: 47-51. Chepelev NL, Long AS, Bowers WJ, Gagne R, Williams A, Kuo B, Phillips DH, Arlt VM, White PA, Yauk CL. Transcriptional profiling of the mouse hippocampus supports an NMDAR-mediated neurotoxic mode of action for benzo[a]pyrene. Environ Mol Mutagen 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/em.22020: O'Brien JM, Beal MA, Yauk CL, Marchetti F. Benzo(a)pyrene is mutagenic in mouse spermatogonial stem cells and dividing spermatogonia. Toxicol Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw088:

Bisphenol A Ganesan S, Keating AF. Bisphenol A-induced ovotoxicity involves DNA damage induction to which the ovary mounts a protective response indicated by increased expression of proteins involved in DNA repair and xenobiotic biotransformation. Toxicol Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw076: Rivas A, Monteagudo C, Heras-Gonzalez L, Mariscal-Arcas M, Lorenzo-Tovar ML, Olea-Serrano F.

Association of bisphenol A exposure with dietary quality indices in Spanish schoolchildren. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94: 25-30.

Bromine Lam A, Vetal N, Matalon S, Aggarwal S. Role of heme in bromine-induced lung injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/nyas.13086:

Carbon disulphide Domergue J, Lison D, Haufroid V. No evidence of cardiovascular toxicity in workers exposed below 5-ppm carbon disulfide. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 835-45.

Carbon monoxide Baydin A, Amanvermez R, Çelebi HE, Tunçel ÖK, Demircan S. Pentraxin 3, ischemia-modified albumin and myeloperoxidase in predicting a cardiac damage in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.05.043: Chang C-C, Hsu J-L, Chang W-N, Huang S-H, Huang C-W, Chang Y-T, Chen N-C, Lui C-C, Lee C-C, Hsu S-W. Metabolic Covariant Network in Relation to Nigrostriatal Degeneration in Carbon Monoxide Intoxication-Related Parkinsonism. Front Neurosci 2016; 10: 187. Das M, Çevik Y, Erel Ö, Çorbacioglu SK. Ischemia-modified albumin levels in the prediction of acute critical neurological findings in carbon monoxide poisoning. Kao-Hsiung i Hsueh Ko Hsueh Tsa Chih 2016; 32: 201-6. Godoy P, Pont C, Artigues A, Alsedà M. Mass carbon monoxide poisoning among television viewers of a football match. Rev Clin Esp 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2016.04.013: Haines D. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Med Leg J 2016; 84: 59. Madias JE. "Carbon monoxide poisoning"-triggered cardiomyopathy and takotsubo syndrome. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1190456: Mehta A, Mahale R, John AA, Abbas MM, Javali M, Acharya P, Rangasetty S. Odorless inhalant toxic encephalopathy in developing countries household: gas geyser syndrome. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2016; 7: 228-31. Onodera M, Fujino Y, Kikuchi S, Sato M, Mori K, Beppu T, Inoue Y. Utility of the measurement of carboxyhemoglobin level at the site of acute carbon monoxide poisoning in rural areas. Scientifica 2016; 2016: 6192369.

Corrosives Day RC, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Toxicity of oven cleaners as reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service from 2009 to 2014. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 393.

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Cosmetics Balázs A, Krifaton C, Orosz I, Szoboszlay S, Kovcs R, Csenki Z, Urbányi B, Kriszt B. Hormonal activity, cytotoxicity and developmental toxicity of UV filters. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 131: 45-53. Ficheux AS, Dornic N, Bernard A, Chevillotte G, Roudot AC. Probabilistic assessment of exposure to cosmetic products by French children aged 0–3 years. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94: 85-92.

Cyanide Kambale KJ, Ali ER, Sadiki NH, Kayembe KP, Mvumbi LG, Yandju DL, Boivin MJ, Boss GR, Stadler DD, Lambert WE, Lasarev MR, Okitundu LA, Ngoyi DM, Banea JP, Tshala-Katumbay DD. Lower sulfurtransferase detoxification rates of cyanide in Konzo - A tropical spastic paralysis linked to Cassava cyanogenic poisoning. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.016:

Detergents Celentano A, Davanzo F, Sesana F, Morina M, Molino L, Borghini R, Ferruzzi M. Addition of a bittering agent in liquid laundry detergent capsule membranes: is there a tangible ingestion risk decrease? An Italian Poison Control Centre's point of view. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 395-6. Day R, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Has the International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products (AISE) Product Stewardship Programme had an impact on the number and severity of exposures to liquid laundry detergent capsules reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS)? Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 394. Day RC, Lupton DJ, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Did increasing the number of TOXBASE® product entries for liquid laundry detergent capsules increase the number of accesses for these products and reduce the number of telephone enquiries reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service? Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 393-4. de La Oliva Urieta S, Rodríguez EM, Ordóñez JA, Conejo Menor JL. Laundry detergents capsules: experience of the Spanish Poisons Center. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 392. Lucas R, Reynolds K, Green J. Evaluation of medical outcomes associated with exposures to liquid laundry detergent packets reported to the US National Poison Data System. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 373. Pedersen EB, Hoegberg CG. Exposure to liquid laundry detergent capsules: experience of the Danish Poisons Information Centre. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 392. Settimi L, Giordano F, Celentano A, Lauria L, Sesana F, Davanzo F. Surveillance of pediatric exposure to laundry detergents: comparison between cases exposed to liquid capsules and traditional products. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 376.

Settimi L, Lauria L, Celentano A, Giordano F, Sesana F, Davanzo F. Rate estimates and trends of pediatric exposures to liquid laundry detergent capsules in Italy. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 374. Wijnands-Kleukers APG, Meulenbelt J, van Riel AJHP, de Vries I. Liquid detergent capsules: how to make the product and its use safer. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 374-5. Yin S, Colvin J, Stijntjes G, Rylander L, Vasunia K. Accidental childhood exposures to single use laundry detergent packs: 3-year analysis of an on-going prospective study. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 373.

Dioxanes Göen T, von Helden F, Eckert E, Knecht U, Drexler H, Walter D. Metabolism and toxicokinetics of 1,4-dioxane in humans after inhalational exposure at rest and under physical stress. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1315-24.

Dioxin Tai PT, Nishijo M, Nghi TN, Nakagawa H, Van Luong H, Anh TH, Nishijo H. Effects of perinatal dioxin exposure on development of children during the first 3 years of life. J Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.064:

E-cigarettes and e-liquids Dautzenberg B, Garelik D. Patients with lung cancer: are electronic cigarettes harmful or useful? Lung Cancer 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.011: Thomas E, Vale JA, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP. Intramuscular and intravenous e-liquid injection: a new phenomenon? Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 371. Unger JB, Soto DW, Leventhal A. E-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette and marijuana use among Hispanic young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163: 261-4. You G, Rhee J, Park Y, Park S. Determination of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxy-cotinine using LC/MS/MS in forensic samples of a nicotine fatal case by oral ingestion of e-cigarette liquid. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13083:

Flame retardants Qiao L, Zheng X-B, Zheng J, Lei W-X, Li H-F, Wang M-H, He C-T, Chen S-J, Yuan J-G, Luo X-J, Yu Y-J, Yang Z-Y, Mai B-X. Analysis of human hair to assess exposure to organo-phosphate flame retardants: influence of hair segments and gender differences. Environ Res 2016; 148: 177-83.

Fluoride Follin-Arbelet B, Moum B. Fluoride: a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease? Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1177855:

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Kanduti D, Sterbenk P, Artnik B. Fluoride: a review of use and effects on health. Mater Sociomed 2016; 28: 133-7.

Hair dye Ozbek N, Akman S. Determination of lead, cadmium and nickel in hennas and other hair dyes sold in Turkey. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79: 49-53.

Helium Malbranque S, Mauillon D, Turcant A, Rouge-Maillart C, Mangin P, Varlet V. Quantification of fatal helium exposure following self-administration. Int J Legal Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00414-016-1364-x:

Hexane Beckman S, Eisen EA, Bates MN, Liu S, Haegerstrom-Portnoy G, Hammond SK. Acquired color vision defects and hexane exposure: a study of San Francisco Bay Area automotive mechanics. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183: 969-76.

Honey Zhang Q, Chen X, Chen S, Liu Z, Wan R, Li J. Fatal honey poisoning caused by Tripterygium wilfordii hook f in Southwest China: a case series. Wilderness Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2016.01.002:

Hydrogen sulphide Chen J, Chen S, Mao W. A case of survival: myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmia induced by severe hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Cardiology 2016; 135: 43-7.

Liquitabs Celentano A, Davanzo F, Sesana F, Morina M, Molino L, Borghini R, Ferruzzi M. Addition of a bittering agent in liquid laundry detergent capsule membranes: is there a tangible ingestion risk decrease? An Italian Poison Control Centre's point of view. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 395-6. Day R, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Has the International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products (AISE) Product Stewardship Programme had an impact on the number and severity of exposures to liquid laundry detergent capsules reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS)? Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 394. Day RC, Lupton DJ, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Did increasing the number of TOXBASE® product entries for liquid laundry detergent capsules increase the number of accesses for these products and reduce the number of telephone enquiries reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service? Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 393-4. de La Oliva Urieta S, Rodríguez EM, Ordóñez JA, Conejo Menor JL. Laundry detergents capsules: experience of the Spanish Poisons Center. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 392. Lucas R, Reynolds K, Green J.

Evaluation of medical outcomes associated with exposures to liquid laundry detergent packets reported to the US National Poison Data System. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 373. Pedersen EB, Hoegberg CG. Exposure to liquid laundry detergent capsules: experience of the Danish Poisons Information Centre. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 392. Settimi L, Giordano F, Celentano A, Lauria L, Sesana F, Davanzo F. Surveillance of pediatric exposure to laundry detergents: comparison between cases exposed to liquid capsules and traditional products. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 376. Settimi L, Lauria L, Celentano A, Giordano F, Sesana F, Davanzo F. Rate estimates and trends of pediatric exposures to liquid laundry detergent capsules in Italy. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 374. Wijnands-Kleukers APG, Meulenbelt J, van Riel AJHP, de Vries I. Liquid detergent capsules: how to make the product and its use safer. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 374-5. Yin S, Colvin J, Stijntjes G, Rylander L, Vasunia K. Accidental childhood exposures to single use laundry detergent packs: 3-year analysis of an on-going prospective study. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 373.

Methanol Day RC, Moyns E, Dougherty G, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Composition of automotive screenwashes sold in the UK: how many contain 3% w/w methanol? Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 392-3. Kraut JA. Approach to the treatment of methanol intoxication. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; online early: doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.02.058: Kumar A, Baitha U, Aggarwal P, Jamshed N. A fatal case of menthol poisoning. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2016; 6: 137-9. Yazgan ÜC, Elbey B, Kus S, Baykal B, Keskin I, Yilmaz A, Sahin A. Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on oxidant and anti-oxidant status of liver and serum in a rat model with acute methanol intoxication. Ir J Med Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11845-016-1462-2:

Nanoparticles Almutary A, Sanderson BJ. The MTT and crystal violet assays: potential confounders in nanoparticle toxicity testing. Int J Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1091581816648906: Brouwer DH, Spaan S, Roff M, Sleeuwenhoek A, Tuinman I, Goede H, van Duuren-Stuurman B, Filon FL, Bello D, Cherrie JW.

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Occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products: part 2, exploration of exposure processes and methods of assessment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.003: Han H, Park YH, Park HJ, Lee K, Um K, Park J-W, Lee J-H. Toxic and adjuvant effects of silica nanoparticles on ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. Respir Res 2016; 17: 60. Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Nordberg G. The effects of nanoparticles on the renal system. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1181047: Li Y, Qin T, Ingle T, Yan J, He W, Yin J-J, Chen T. Differential genotoxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles and silver ions. Arch Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1730-y:

Naphthalene Deo P, Sahu KK, Dhibar DP, Varma SC. Naphthalene ball poisoning: a rare cause of acquired methaemoglobinaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2016; doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215102:

Nitrophenol Xu WF, Li YS, Dai PY, Li CM. Potential protective effect of arginine against 4-nitrophenol-induced ovarian damage in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41: 371-81.

Paint thinners Agin K, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Shadnia S, Rahimi HR. Characteristic manifestations of acute paint thinner-in-toxicated children. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45: 15-9.

Para-chloronitrobenzene Zhang Y, Wang X, Ni L, Ye C, Zhang J, Han C, Yu C. Early and thorough wound debridement is crucial for treatment of patients with thermal burns and para-chloronitrobenzene poisoning. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1534734616650113:

Parabens Nishihama Y, Yoshinaga J, Iida A, Konishi S, Imai H, Yoneyama M, Nakajima D, Shiraishi H. Association between paraben exposure and menstrual cycle in female university students in Japan. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63: 107-13.

Perfluorinated compounds Romano ME, Xu Y, Calafat AM, Yolton K, Chen A, Webster GM, Eliot MN, Howard CR, Lanphear BP, Braun JM. Maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and duration of breastfeeding. Environ Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.034:

Petrol (gasoline) and petroleum oils Laffon B, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V. Effects of exposure to oil spills on human health: updated review. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1168730:

Naidoo RN, Makwela MH, Chuturgoon A, Tiloke C, Ramkaran P, Phulukdaree A. Petrol exposure and DNA integrity of peripheral lymphocytes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 785-92.

Benzene D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Illness symptoms experienced by children exposed to benzene after a flaring incident at the BP refinery facility in Texas city. Clin Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0009922816641463: Rich AL, Orimoloye HT. Elevated atmospheric levels of benzene and benzene-related compounds from unconventional shale extraction and processing: human health concern for residential communities. Environ Health Insights 2016; 10: 75-82.

Phenols Zhang Y-X, Yang X, Zou P, Du P-F, Wang J, Jin F, Jin M-J, She Y-X. Nonylphenol toxicity evaluation and discovery of biomarkers in rat urine by a metabolomics strategy through HPLC-QTOF-MS. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13: 501.

Phthalate esters Huen K, Calafat AM, Bradman A, Yousefi P, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Maternal phthalate exposure during pregnancy is associated with DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements in Mexican-American children. Environ Res 2016; 148: 55-62. Kim H-Y. Risk assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the work-place. Environ Health Toxicol 2016; 2016: e2016011. Ponsonby A-L, Symeonides C, Vuillermin P, Mueller J, Sly PD, Saffery R. Epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopmental genes in response to in utero exposure to phthalate plastic chemicals: how can we delineate causal effects? Neurotoxicology 2016; 55: 92-101. Won E-K, Kim Y, Ha M, Burm E, Kim Y-S, Lim H, Jung D-E, Lim S, Kim S-Y, Kim Y-M, Kim H-C, Lee KJ, Cheong H-K, Kang H-T, Son M, Sakong J, Oh G-J, Lee C-G, Kim SY, Ryu JM, Kim SJ. Association of current phthalate exposure with neuro-behavioral development in a national sample. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219: 364-71.

Polychlorinated biphenyls Berntsen HF, Fonnum F, Walaas SI, Bogen IL. Low-Chlorinated Non-Dioxin-like PCBs Present in Blood and Breast Milk Induce Higher Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neutrophil Granulocytes than Highly Chlorinated Congeners. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12620: Klincic D, Herceg Romanic S, Brcic Karaconji I, Matek Saric M, Grzunov Letinic J, Brajenovic N. Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs (including dl-PCBs) in human milk samples collected from multiparae from Croatia and comparison with primiparae.

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Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45: 74-9.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Genies C, Jullien A, Lefebvre E, Revol M, Maitre A, Douki T. Inhibition of the formation of benzo[a]pyrene adducts to DNA in A549 lung cells exposed to mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35: 1-10.

Potassium cyanide Hawk MA, Ritchie GD, Henderson KA, Knostman KA, Roche BM, Ma ZJ, Matthews CM, Sabourin CL, Wakayama EJ, Sabourin PJ. Neurobehavioral and cardiovascular effects of potassium cyanide administered orally to mice. Int J Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1091581816646974: Sabourin PJ, Kobs CL, Gibbs ST, Hong P, Matthews CM, Patton KM, Sabourin CL, Wakayama EJ. Characterization of a mouse model of oral potassium cyanide intoxication. Int J Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1091581816646973:

Propylene glycol Bulathsinghala M, Keefer K, Van de Louw A. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-induced severe lactic acidosis: a case report and review of the literature. Medicine 2016; 95: e3478.

Radiation Lockney NA, Friedman DN, Wexler LH, Sklar CA, Casey DL, Wolden SL. Late toxicities of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/pbc.26061: Moussa L, Usunier B, Demarquay C, Benderitter M, Tamarat R, Sémont A, Mathieu N. Bowel radiation injury: complexity of the pathophysiology and promises of cell and tissue engineering. Cell Transplant 2016; online early: PMID:27197023: Zhou L, Li R, Tang F, Liu J, Tong R, Xue J, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhong R, Lu Y. 83P Cerebral toxicity of whole brain radiotherapy plus icotinib in rats. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11: S90.

Silica Rocha LF, Assad APL, Marangoni RG, Del Rio APT, Marques-Neto JF, Sampaio-Barros PD. Systemic sclerosis and silica exposure: a rare association in a large Brazilian cohort. Rheumatol Int 2016; 36: 697-702. Taeger D, McCunney R, Bailer U, Barthel K, Küpper U, Brüning T, Morfeld P, Merget R. Cross-sectional study on nonmalignant respiratory morbidity due to exposure to synthetic amorphous silica. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 376-84.

Smoke Alman BL, Pfister G, Hao H, Stowell J, Hu X, Liu Y, Strickland MJ. The association of wildfire smoke with respiratory and cardiovascular emergency department visits in Colorado in 2012: a case crossover study.

Environ Health 2016; 15: 64. Hussain T, Al-Attas OS, Alrokayan SA, Ahmed M, Al-Daghri NM, Al-Ameri S, Pervez S, Dewangan S, Mohammed A, Gambhir D, Sumague TS. Deleterious effects of incense smoke exposure on kidney function and architecture in male albino rats. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28: 364-73.

Solvents Ceballos DM, Whittaker SG, Lee EG, Roberts J, Streicher R, Gong FN, Broadwater W, Broadwater K. Occupational exposures to new drycleaning solvents: high-flashpoint hydrocarbons and butylal. J Occup Environ Hyg 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1177648:

Styrene Weng Z, Suda M, Wan M, Zhang X, Guan D, Zhao P, Zheng Y, Miyagawa M, Wang R-S. Significant association between decreased ALDH2 activity and increased sensitivity to genotoxic effects in workers occupationally exposed to styrene. Oncotarget 2016; online early: doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9502:

Tobacco Anderson GD, Chan L-N. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with tobacco, cannabinoids and smoking cessation products. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s40262-016-0400-9: Coffa BG, Coggins CR, Werley MS, Oldham MJ, Fariss MW. Chemical, physical, and in vitro characterization of research cigarettes containing denicotinized tobacco. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79: 64-73. Munafò MR, Lönn SL, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Kendler K. Snus use and risk of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164: 179-82. Neal RE, Jagadapillai R, Chen J, Webb C, Stocke K, Greene RM, Pisano MM. Developmental cigarette smoke exposure II: hippocampus proteome and metabolome profiles in adult offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.007: Neal RE, Jagadapillai R, Chen J, Webb CL, Stocke K, Gambrell C, Greene RM, Pisano MM. Developmental cigarette smoke exposure II: kidney proteome profile alterations in 6 month old adult offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.008: Thompson J. Active and passive smoking linked to infertility and early menopause. Practitioner 2016; 260: 5.

Toxic alcohols Day RC, Bradberry SM, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA. Toxicity resulting from automotive screenwash exposures reported to the UK's National Poisons Information Service from 2012 to 2014. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 375.

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Harbon SCD, Vale JA, Eddleston M, Thompson JP. Behind the scenes of snow globe toxicity. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 468.

Water Kozler P, Sobek O, Pokorny J. Biochemical manifestations of the nervous tissue degra-dation after the blood-brain barrier opening or water intoxication in rats. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2016; 37: 114-20.

Xylitol Schmid RD, Hovda LR. Acute hepatic failure in a dog after xylitol ingestion. J Med Toxicol 2016; 12: 201-5.

METALS General Lamas GA, Navas-Acien A, Mark DB, Lee KL. Heavy metals, cardiovascular disease, and the unexpected benefits of chelation therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67: 2411-8. Obiri S, Yeboah PO, Osae S, Adu-Kumi S. Levels of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and manganese in serum and whole blood of resident adults from mining and non-mining communities in Ghana. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6537-0: Ozbek N, Akman S. Determination of lead, cadmium and nickel in hennas and other hair dyes sold in Turkey. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79: 49-53.

Aluminium Shaaban LH, Zayet HH, Aboufaddan HH, Elghazally SA. Respiratory hazards: clinical and functional assessment in aluminum industry workers. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc 2016; 65: 537-43.

Arsenic Laskar M, Das A, Maiti A. Raindrop pigmentation in chronic arsenic toxicity. Am J Med Sci 2016; 351: 625. Tsao D-A, Tseng W-C, Chang H-R. RKIP expression of liver and kidney after arsenic exposure. Environ Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/tox.22291:

Cadmium Murphy D, James B, Hutchinson D. Could the significantly increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis reported in Italian male steel workers be explained by occupational exposure to cadmium? J Occup Med Toxicol 2016; 11: 21.

Chromium Devoy J, Géhin A, Müller S, Melczer M, Remy A, Antoine G, Sponne I. Evaluation of chromium in red blood cells as an indicator of exposure to hexavalent chromium: an in vitro study. Toxicol Lett 2016; 255: 63-70. Facchin F, Catalani S, Bianconi E, De PD, Stea S, Toni A, Canaider S, Beraudi A. Albumin as marker for susceptibility to metal ions in metal-on-metal hip prosthesis patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early:

doi: 10.1177/0960327116650011:

Cobalt Facchin F, Catalani S, Bianconi E, De PD, Stea S, Toni A, Canaider S, Beraudi A. Albumin as marker for susceptibility to metal ions in metal-on-metal hip prosthesis patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116650011: Suh M, Thompson CM, Brorby GP, Mittal L, Proctor DM. Inhalation cancer risk assessment of cobalt metal. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79: 74-82.

Gadolinium Burke LMB, Ramalho M, AlObaidy M, Chang E, Jay M, Semelka RC. Self-reported gadolinium toxicity: a survey of patients with chronic symptoms. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34: 1078-80.

Iron Coates TD, Carson S, Wood JC, Berdoukas V. Management of iron overload in hemoglobinopathies: what is the appropriate target iron level? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1368: 95-106. Eagling VA, Hawkins L, Cooper G, Cheung T, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Bateman DN, Eddleston M. Iron poisoning and the use of desferrioxamine: survey data from the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS). Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 462.

Lead Daneshparvar M, Mostafavi SA, Zare JM, Yunesian M, Mesdaghinia A, Mahvi AH, Akhondzadeh S. The role of lead exposure on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review. Iran J Psychiatry 2016; 11: 1-14. Gambelunghe A, Sallsten G, Borné Y, Forsgard N, Hedblad B, Nilsson P, Fagerberg B, Engström G, Barregard L. Low-level exposure to lead, blood pressure, and hyper-tension in a population-based cohort. Environ Res 2016; 149: 157-63. Geraldes V, Carvalho M, Goncalves-Rosa N, Tavares C, Laranjo S, Rocha I. Lead toxicity promotes autonomic dysfunction with increased chemoreceptor sensitivity. Neurotoxicology 2016; 54: 170-7. Jacobs DE. Lead poisoning: focusing on the fix. J Public Health Manag Pract 2016; 22: 326-30. Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Lead poisoning due to Ayurvedic medicine: how about the risk? Int J Occup Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10773525.2016.1183296: Levin R. The attributable annual health costs of U.S. occupational lead poisoning. Int J Occup Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10773525.2016.1173945: Markowitz G.

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The childhood lead poisoning epidemic in historical per-spective. Endeavour 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2016.03.006: Rogers JT, Venkataramani V, Washburn C, Liu Y, Tummala V, Jiang H, Smith A, Cahill CM. A role for amyloid precursor protein translation to restore Iron homeostasis and ameliorate lead (Pb) neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13671: Rosner D. A lead poisoning crisis enters its second century. Health Aff 2016; 35: 756-9. Stoia M, Kurtanjek Z, Oancea S. Reliability of a decision-tree model in predicting occupational lead poisoning in a group of highly exposed workers. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 575-82. Zhang F, Bai Y, Zhu B, Zhu W, Ye M. Group and insidious tetraethyl lead poisoning occurred in industry of plastic weaving: a case report. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8: E325-E329.

Lithium Gong R, Wang P, Dworkin LD. What we need to know about the effect of lithium on the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2016: Tursun I, Tazegul G, Karhan O, Gunes N, Ulukal E, Atcakarlar MA, Akca T, Coban E. Polypharmacy may be the cause of acute lithium intoxication at the second day of treatment. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2016; 57: 261-3. Vodovar D, El Balkhi S, Curis E, Deye N, Mégarbane B. Lithium poisoning in the intensive care unit: predictive factors of severity and indications for extracorporeal toxin removal to improve outcome. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1185110:

Manganese Bora ES, Erdogan AM, Armagan G, Sevgili E, Dagci T. Vinpocetine and vasoactive intestinal peptide attenuate manganese-induced toxicity in NE-4C cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12011-016-0742-z: Yamagata AT, Guimaraes NC, Santana DF, Gonçalves MR, Souza VC, Barbosa JF, Pandossio JE, Santos VS. Gender influence on manganese induced depression-like behavior and Mn and Fe deposition in different regions of CNS and excretory organs in intraperitoneally exposed rats. Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.012:

Mercury Ackerman JT, Eagles-Smith CA, Herzog MP, Hartman CA, Peterson SH, Evers DC, Jackson AK, Elliott JE, Vander Pol SS, Bryan CE. Avian mercury exposure and toxicological risk across western North America: a synthesis. Sci Total Environ 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.071:

Bonsignore M, Andolfi N, Barra M, Madeddu A, Tisano F, Ingallinella V, Castorina M, Sprovieri M. Letter to the Editor, 'Assessment of mercury exposure in human populations: a status report from Augusta Bay (southern Italy)'. Environ Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.026: Dhanapriya J, Gopalakrishnan N, Arun V, Dineshkumar T, Sakthirajan R, Balasubramaniyan T, Haris M. Acute kidney injury and disseminated intravascular coagulation due to mercuric chloride poisoning. Indian J Nephrol 2016; 26: 206-8. Ding E, Zhao Q, Bai Y, Xu M, Pan L, Liu Q, Wang B, Song X, Wang J, Chen L, Zhu B. Plasma microRNAs expression profile in female workers occupationally exposed to mercury. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8: 833-41. Dórea JG, Marques RC. Mercury levels and human health in the Amazon Basin. Ann Hum Biol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1192682: Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi G, aknahad M. Letter to the editor — Assessment of mercury exposure in human populations: a status report from Augusta Bay (southern Italy). Environ Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.027: Risher JF, Tucker P. Alkyl mercury-induced toxicity: multiple mechanisms of action. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/398_2016_1: Shen AN, Cummings C, Pope D, Hoffman D, Newland MC. A bout analysis reveals age-related methylmercury neuro-toxicity and nimodipine neuroprotection. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311: 147-59. Taylor CM, Golding J, Emond AM. Blood mercury levels and fish consumption in pregnancy: risks and benefits for birth outcomes in a prospective observational birth cohort. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.004: Vahabzadeh M, Balali-Mood M. Occupational metallic mercury poisoning in gilders. Int J Occup Environ Med 2016; 7: 116-22.

Silver Li Y, Qin T, Ingle T, Yan J, He W, Yin J-J, Chen T. Differential genotoxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles and silver ions. Arch Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1730-y:

PESTICIDES

General Anon. Pesticides: a toxic issue. Prescrire Int 2016; 25: 83. de Gavelle E, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Charles MA, Chevrier C, Hulin M, Sirot V, Merlo M, Nougadere A.

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Chronic dietary exposure to pesticide residues and associated risk in the French ELFE cohort of pregnant women. Environ Int 2016; 92-93: 533-42. Knipe DW. Pesticide exposure in Sri Lanka. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45: 327-32. Naksen W, Prapamontol T, Mangklabruks A, Chantara S, Thavornyutikarn P, Robson MG, Ryan PB, Barr DB, Panuwet P. A single method for detecting 11 organophosphate pesticides in human plasma and breastmilk using GC-FPD. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1025: 92-104.

Acrolein Claeson A-S, Lind N. Human exposure to acrolein: time-dependence and individual variation in eye irritation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45: 20-7.

Aluminium phosphide Dadpour B, Mokhtarpour M, Abdollahi M, Afshari R. An outbreak of aluminium phosphide poisoning in Mashhad, Iran. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67: 65-6.

Atrazine Sagarkar S, Gandhi D, Devi SS, Sakharkar A, Kapley A. Atrazine exposure causes mitochondrial toxicity in liver and muscle cell lines. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 48: 200-7.

Carbamate insecticides General Lamb T, Selvarajah LR, Mohamed F, Jayamanne S, Gawarammana I, Mostafa A, Buckley NA, Roberts MS, Eddleston M. High lethality and minimal variation after acute self-poisoning with carbamate insecticides in Sri Lanka - implications for global suicide prevention. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1187735:

Fungicides Carbendazim Abolaji AO, Awogbindin IO, Adedara IA, Farombi EO. Insecticide chlorpyrifos and fungicide carbendazim, common food contaminants mixture, induce hepatic, renal, and splenic oxidative damage in female rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116652459:

Herbicides Kitamoto T, Kamijo Y. Rabbit syndrome after taking herbicide containing 2-(4-chloro2-methylphenoxypropionic) acid. Acute Med Surg 2016; 3: 190-1. Lee Y-J, Rahman MM, Abd El-Aty AM, Choi J-H, Chung HS, Kim S-W, Abdel-Aty AM, Shin H-C, Shim J-H. Detection of three herbicide, and one metabolite, residues in brown rice and rice straw using various versions of the QuEChERS method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 210: 442-50.

Glyphosate Kim YH, Lee JH, Cho KW, Lee DW, Kang MJ, Lee KY, Lee YH, Hwang SY, Lee NK. Prognostic factors in emergency department patients with glyphosate-surfactant intoxication: point-of-care lactate testing. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12624: Larsen KE, Lifschitz AL, Lanusse CE, Virkel GL. The herbicide glyphosate is a weak inhibitor of acetyl-cholinesterase in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45: 41-4.

Monolinuron Mortamet G, Oualha M, Renolleau S, Moesch C, Treluyer J-M. Methemoglobinemia following monolinuron ingestion: a case report in a child. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000745:

Organochlorine pesticides General Ji G, Xu C, Sun H, Liu Q, Hu H, Gu A, Jiang Z-Y. Organochloride pesticides induced hepatic ABCG5/G8 expression and lipogenesis in Chinese patients with gallstone disease. Oncotarget 2016; online early: doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9399: Koureas M, Karagkouni F, Rakitskii V, Hadjichristodoulou C, Tsatsakis A, Tsakalof A. Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides in the general population of Thessaly, Greece, determined by HS-SPME GC-MS method. Environ Res 2016; 148: 318-21.

Endosulfan Jang TC, Jang JH, Lee KW. Mechanism of acute endosulfan intoxication-induced neurotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67: 9-17.

Organophosphorus insecticides General Ashani Y, Leader H, Aggarwal N, Silman I, Worek F, Sussman JL, Goldsmith M. In vitro evaluation of the catalytic activity of paraoxonases and phosphotriesterases predicts the enzyme circulatory levels required for in vivo protection against organo-phosphate intoxications. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.039: Bajaj P, Tripathy RK, Aggarwal G, Datusalia AK, Sharma SS, Pande AH. Refolded recombinant human paraoxonase 1 variant exhibits prophylactic activity against organophosphate poisoning. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12010-016-2091-y:

Bird SB, Krajacic P, Sawamoto K, Bunya N, Loro E, Khurana TS. Pharmacotherapy to protect the neuromuscular junction after acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/nyas.13111: Dayananda VP, Bhaskara B, Pateel GNP.

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A study of effectiveness of fresh frozen plasma in organophosphorous compound poisoning in reducing length of Intensive Care Unit stay and in reducing need for tracheostomy. Anesth Essays Res 2016; 10: 268-72. Muñoz-Quezada MT, Lucero BA, Iglesias VP, Muñoz MP, Cornejo CA, Achu E, Baumert B, Hanchey A, Concha C, Brito AM, Villalobos M. Chronic exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and neuropsychological functioning in farm workers: a review. Int J Occup Environ Health 2016; 22: 68-79. Qi L, Cao C, Hu L, Chen S, Zhao X, Sun C. Metabonomic analysis of the protective effect of quercetin on the toxicity induced by mixture of organophosphate pesticides in rat urine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116652460: Worek F, Thiermann H, Wille T. Oximes in organophosphate poisoning: 60 years of hope and despair. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.032:

Chlorpyrifos Abolaji AO, Awogbindin IO, Adedara IA, Farombi EO. Insecticide chlorpyrifos and fungicide carbendazim, common food contaminants mixture, induce hepatic, renal, and splenic oxidative damage in female rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327116652459:

Diazinon Gao B, Bian X, Mahbub R, Lu K. Gender-specific effects of organophosphate diazinon on the gut microbiome and Its metabolic functions. Environ Health Perspect 2016; online early: doi: 10.1289/EHP202:

Malathion Ramadan G, El-Beih NM, Ahmed RS. Aged garlic extract ameliorates immunotoxicity, hemato-toxicity and impaired burn-healing in malathion- and carbaryl-treated male albino rats. Environ Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/tox.22279:

Monocrotophos Tripathi VK, Kumar V, Pandey A, Vatsa P, Dhasmana A, Singh RP, Appikonda SH, Hwang I, Lohani M. Monocrotophos induces the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYP2C8 and CYP3A4) and neurotoxicity in human brain cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12035-016-9938-7:

Paraoxon Franklin MC, Rudolph MJ, Ginter C, Cassidy MS, Cheung J. Structures of paraoxon-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase reveal perturbations of the acyl loop and the dimer interface. Proteins 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/prot.25073:

Paraquat and diquat Li A, Li W, Hao F, Wang H. Early stage blood purification for paraquat poisoning: a multicenter retrospective study. Blood Purif 2016; 42: 93-9.

Liu S, Wang Q, Zhou R, Li C, Hu D, Xue W, Wu T, Mohan C, Peng A. Hyperamylasemia as an early predictor of mortality in patients with acute paraquat poisoning. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22: 1342-8. Tsai J-L, Chen C-H, Wu M-J, Tsai S-F. Paraquat poisoning in patients with HIV infection. Medicine 2016; 95: e3350.

Phosphine Sciuto AM, Wong BJ, Martens ME, Hoard-Fruchey H, Perkins MW. Phosphine toxicity: a story of disrupted mitochondrial metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/nyas.13081:

Pyrethroid insecticides General Ratelle M, Côté J, Bouchard M. Time courses and variability of pyrethroid biomarkers of exposure in a group of agricultural workers in Quebec, Canada. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 767-83.

Cyhalothrin Basiri K, Mohaghegh MR, Teimouri SS, Okhovat AA. Clinical and electrodiagnostic findings in cyhalothrine poisoning. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5: 32.

Permethrin Wang X, Martínez M-A, Dai M, Chen D, Ares I, Romero A, Castellano V, Martínez M, Rodríguez JL, Martínez-Larrañaga M-R, Anadón A, Yuan Z. Permethrin-induced oxidative stress and toxicity and metabolism. A review. Environ Res 2016; 149: 86-104.

Rodenticides Superwarfarin Özdemir NZ, Sahin U, Merter M, Gündüz M, Atesagaoglu B, Beksac M. A case of superwarfarin poisoning due to repetitive occupational dermal rodenticide exposure in a worker. Turk J Hematol 2016; online early: doi: 10.4274/tjh.2015.0433:

Rotenone Rhee J, Yum H, Moon S, In S, Lee S, Seo J. Rotenone analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with information-dependent acquisition in a fatal case of rotenone poisoning with a commercial organic insecticide being sold in Korea. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw032:

CHEMICAL WARFARE, BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AND RIOT CONTROL AGENTS Chemical warfare General Nishimura Y, Iwamoto H, Ishikawa N, Hattori N, Horimasu Y, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Kondo K, Hamada H, Awai K, Kohno N.

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Long-term pulmonary complications of chemical weapons exposure in former poison gas factory workers. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28: 343-8. Stone H, See D, Smiley A, Ellingson A, Schimmoeller J, Oudejans L. Surface decontamination for blister agents Lewisite, sulfur mustard and agent yellow, a Lewisite and sulfur mustard mixture. J Hazard Mater 2016; 314: 59-66. Worek F, Thiermann H, Wille T. Oximes in organophosphate poisoning: 60 years of hope and despair. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.032:

Mustard gas Weinberger B, Malaviya R, Sunil V, Venosa A, Heck DE, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Mustard vesicant-induced lung injury: advances in therapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.014:

Nitrogen mustard Composto GM, Laskin JD, Laskin DL, Gerecke DR, Casillas RP, Heindel ND, Joseph LB, Heck DE. Mitigation of nitrogen mustard mediated skin injury by a novel indomethacin bifunctional prodrug. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100: 522-31.

Nerve agents Amitai G, Gez R, Raveh L, Bar-Ner N, Grauer E, Chapman S. Novel bifunctional hybrid small molecule scavengers for mitigating nerve agents toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.036: Rice H, Mann TM, Armstrong SJ, Price ME, Green AC, Tattersall JE. The potential role of bioscavenger in the medical manage-ment of nerve-agent poisoned casualties. Chem Biol Interact 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.038: Sun F, Ding J, Yu H, Gao R, Wang H, Pei C. Identification of new binding sites of human transferrin incubated with organophosphorus agents via Q Exactive LCMS/MS. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1022: 256-64. Yan L, Chen J, Xu B, Guo L, Xie Y, Tang J, Xie J. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method on in vitro nerve agents poisoning characterization and reactivator efficacy evaluation by determination of specific peptide adducts in acetylcholinesterase. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1450: 86-93.

PLANTS Aconitum spp. Li H, Liu L, Zhu S, Liu Q. Case reports of aconite poisoning in mainland China from 2004-2015: a retrospective analysis. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.05.016:

Baptisia australis (False indigo) Naser B, Stammwitz U, Nolte K-U. Baptisia poisoning: consideration on the botanical variety.

J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.06.087:

Manihot esculenta (Cassava) Kambale KJ, Ali ER, Sadiki NH, Kayembe KP, Mvumbi LG, Yandju DL, Boivin MJ, Boss GR, Stadler DD, Lambert WE, Lasarev MR, Okitundu LA, Ngoyi DM, Banea JP, Tshala-Katumbay DD. Lower sulfurtransferase detoxification rates of cyanide in Konzo - A tropical spastic paralysis linked to Cassava cyanogenic poisoning. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.016:

Cleistanthus collinus (Karra) Sharma S, Rameshkumar R, Mahadevan S. N-acetylcysteine in Cleistanthus collinus poisoning: a report of two cases in children. J Trop Pediatr 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmw030:

Cucurbitaceae (Gourd family) Good AM, Jackson G, McGrory CE, Stewart D, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Vale JA, Eddleston M. Toxic courgette (zucchini) poisoning – cucurbitacin. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 500-1.

Mushrooms and other fungi Anantharam P, Shao D, Imerman PM, Burrough E, Schrunk D, Sedkhuu T, Tang S, Rumbeiha W. Improved tissue-based analytical test methods for orellanine, a biomarker of cortinarius mushroom intoxication. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8: 158. Diaz JH. Mistaken mushroom poisonings. Wilderness Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.12.015: Nakajima N, Ueda M. Nicotinic acid treatment for Paralepistopsis acromelalga intoxication: assessment using magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1188205:

Mycotoxins De Saeger S, Audenaert K, Croubels S. Report from the 5th International Symposium on Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Moulds: Challenges and Perspectives (MYTOX) Held in Ghent, Belgium, May 2016. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8: 146.

Tripterygium wilfordii (Thunder god vine) Zhang Q, Chen X, Chen S, Liu Z, Wan R, Li J. Fatal honey poisoning caused by Tripterygium wilfordii hook f in Southwest China: a case series. Wilderness Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2016.01.002:

Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's claw) Kaiser S, Carvalho ÂR, Pittol V, Dietrich F, Manica F, Machado MM, de Oliveira LF, Oliveira Battastini AM, Ortega GG. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw): chemotype relevance. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 189: 90-8.

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ANIMALS Fish/marine poisoning Singh SS, Biswas AK, Shirley P, Vijayachari P. Chelonitoxism in Andaman and Nicobar Island: a report on mass poisoning including a death of an adult. Toxicon 2016; 118: 61-3.

Ciguatera Thompson CA, Jazuli F, Taggart LR, Boggild AK. Ciguatera fish poisoning after Caribbean travel. Can Med Assoc J 2016; online early: doi: 10.1503/cmaj.151207:

Tetrodotoxin Coleman R, Lemire SW, Bragg W, Garrett A, Ojeda-Torres G, Hamelin E, Johnson RC, Thomas J. Development and validation of a high-throughput online solid phase extraction – liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of tetrodotoxin in human urine. Toxicon 2016; 119: 64-71.

Scorpions Baykan AO, Gür M, Acele A, Seker T, Çayli M. Scorpion envenomation-induced acute thrombotic inferior myocardial infarction. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2016; 44: 82-6.

Snake bites Chan YS, Cheung RCF, Xia L, Wong JH, Ng TB, Chan WY. Snake venom toxins: toxicity and medicinal applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-7610-9: Corbit AG, Hayes WK. Factors that influence the clinical severity of venomous snakebites in Southern California. Toxicon 2016; 117: 106. Jackson G, Eagling VA, Lupton DJ, McGrory CE, Vale JA, Thomas SHL, Thompson JP, Eddleston M. Native British snake bites in the UK: an estimation of occurrence and antivenom usage. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 461-2. Maduwage KP, O'Leary MA, Silva A, Isbister GK. Detection of snake venom in post-antivenom samples by dissociation treatment followed by enzyme immunoassay. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8: 130. Menon JC, Joseph JK, Jose MP, Punde D, Mazumdar DB, Bawaskar HS, Pillay VV, Mohapatra BN, Rajendiran C, Tanwar PD, Raut S, Ragunanthatan S, Tripathi S. Management protocol of venomous snakebite in India: a consensus statement. Toxin Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1185735: Pandey DP, Subedi PG, Devkota K, Goode M. Public perceptions of snakes and snakebite management: implications for conservation and human health in southern Nepal. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2016; 12: 22. Spyres MB, Ruha A-M, Seifert S, Onisko N, Padilla-Jones A, Smith EA. Occupational snake bites: a prospective case series of patients reported to the ToxIC North American snakebite registry.

J Med Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0555-7: Wagener M. Haemotoxic snakebite in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a case presenting with haematemesis. S Afr Med J 2016; 106: 459-60.

Brown snake McCleary RJR, Sridharan S, Dunstan NL, Mirtschin PJ, Kini RM. Proteomic comparisons of venoms of long-term captive and recently wild-caught Eastern brown snakes (Pseudonaja textilis) indicate venom does not change due to captivity. J Proteomics 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.027:

Crotalinae (Pit vipers) Abo BN, Seifert CR, Bernstein J. First reported case of Deinagkistrodon acutus envenomation in United States. A case report of venom unit interstate response and care. Toxicon 2016; 117: 105. Burton R, Krebs J, Bush SP. Management of a Brazilian lancehead (Bothrops moojeni) envenomation in Nebraska. Toxicon 2016; 117: 105-6. Carrasco PA, Carrasco PJ, Chaparro JC, Scrocchi GJ. Nomenclatural instability in the venomous snakes of the Bothrops complex: Implications in toxinology and public health. Toxicon 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.05.014: Gross GA, Merrill D, Crowley W, Roemer LA, Lee HB, Lee KD, Gross JA, Cowan GA, Venugopalan A. Continuous intravenous infusion of antivenom in a Crotalus Atrox envenomation. Toxicon 2016; 117: 106. Margres MJ, Walls R, Suntravat M, Lucena S, Sánchez EE, Rokyta DR. Functional characterizations of venom phenotypes in the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) and evidence for expression-driven divergence in toxic activities among populations. Toxicon 2016; 119: 28-38.

Viperinae (True vipers) Bart G, Pineau S, Biron C, Connault J, Artifoni M. Bilateral pulmonary embolism following a viper en-venomation in France: a case report and review. Medicine 2016; 95: e2798. Trummal K, Tõnismägi K, Aaspollu A, Siigur J, Siigur E. Vipera lebetina venom nucleases. Toxicon 2016; 119: 39-45.

Toads Forrester MB. Pediatric exposures to Bombina toads reported to poison centers. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000719:

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INDEX 2,4-dinitrophenol ............................................................... 24 Acetaminophen .................................................................. 26 Acetylcysteine .............................................................. 16, 19 Aconitum spp. .................................................................... 39 Acrolein ....................................................................... 29, 37 Adrenaline ......................................................................... 19 Air pollution ....................................................................... 28 Albendazole ....................................................................... 19 Alcohol .............................................................................. 29 Alectinib ............................................................................ 20 Aluminium ......................................................................... 35 Aluminium phosphide ......................................................... 37 Amfetamines ..................................................................... 19 Amiodarone ....................................................................... 19 Anabolic steroids ................................................................ 19 Anaesthetics ...................................................................... 19 Analytical toxicology ............................................................ 6 Angiogenesis inhibitors ....................................................... 19 Aniline ............................................................................... 30 Animals, general ................................................................ 40 Anthracyclines ................................................................... 19 Antiarrhythmic drugs .......................................................... 19 Antibiotics ......................................................................... 19 Anticholinergic drugs .......................................................... 20 Anticoagulants ................................................................... 20 Anticonvulsants .................................................................. 20 Antidepressants ................................................................. 20 Antidotes ........................................................................... 16 Antihypertensive drugs ....................................................... 20 Antimalarial drugs .............................................................. 20 Antineoplastic drugs ........................................................... 20 Antipsychotics .................................................................... 21 Antituberculous drugs ........................................................ 21 Antivenom ......................................................................... 16 Antiviral drugs ................................................................... 21 Arginine ............................................................................ 17 Arsenic .............................................................................. 35 Atrazine ............................................................................. 37 Baclofen ............................................................................ 21 Baptisia australis ................................................................ 39 Batteries ............................................................................ 30 Bauxite .............................................................................. 30 Benzene ............................................................................ 33 Benzo(a)pyrene ................................................................. 30 Benzodiazepines ................................................................ 22 Biological warfare............................................................... 39 Biomarkers ......................................................................... 7 Bioscavengers .................................................................... 16 Bisphenol A ....................................................................... 30 Bleomycin .......................................................................... 20 Body packers ...................................................................... 7 Brentuximab ...................................................................... 20 Bromine ............................................................................ 30 Brown snake ...................................................................... 40 Bupivacaine ....................................................................... 19 Bupropion .......................................................................... 22 Cadmium ........................................................................... 35 Caffeine............................................................................. 22 Calciferol ........................................................................... 28 Calcium channel blockers.................................................... 22 Cannabis ........................................................................... 22 Capecitabine ...................................................................... 20 Carbamate insecticides ....................................................... 37 Carbon disulphide .............................................................. 30 Carbon monoxide ............................................................... 30 Carcinogenicity ................................................................... 7 Cardiotoxicity ...................................................................... 7 Cassava ............................................................................. 39

Cat's claw ......................................................................... 40 Cetuximab ........................................................................ 20 Chelating agents ............................................................... 16 Chemical incidents ............................................................. 28 Chemical warfare, general .................................................. 39 Chemicals, general ............................................................ 29 Chlorhexidine .............................................................. 22, 30 Chlorpyrifos ....................................................................... 38 Chromium ......................................................................... 35 Ciguatera .......................................................................... 40 Cisplatin ............................................................................ 20 Citalopram ........................................................................ 27 Cleistanthus collinus .......................................................... 39 Clenbuterol ....................................................................... 22 Cobalt ............................................................................... 35 Cocaine............................................................................. 22 Corrosives ......................................................................... 31 Cosmetics ......................................................................... 31 Crotalinae ......................................................................... 40 Cucurbitaceae ................................................................... 39 Cyamemazine .................................................................... 21 Cyanide ............................................................................ 31 Cyhalothrin ....................................................................... 38 Dabigatran ........................................................................ 20 Dermal toxicity .................................................................... 8 Desferrioxamine ................................................................ 17 Designer drugs .................................................................. 23 Detergents ........................................................................ 31 Developmental toxicology .................................................... 8 Diacetylmorphine............................................................... 24 Diazinon ........................................................................... 38 Dietary supplements .......................................................... 24 Digoxin ............................................................................. 23 Diltiazem ........................................................................... 22 Dioxanes ........................................................................... 31 Dioxin ............................................................................... 31 Diquat .............................................................................. 38 Dopamine ......................................................................... 23 Doxazosin ......................................................................... 20 Doxorubicin ....................................................................... 21 Drugs, general .................................................................. 18 E-cigarettes ....................................................................... 31 Ecstasy ............................................................................. 19 Endosulfan ........................................................................ 37 Epidemiology....................................................................... 8 Ethanol ............................................................................. 29 Ethnic remedies ................................................................. 24 Exhaust fumes .................................................................. 28 Extracorporeal treatments .................................................. 17 False indigo ....................................................................... 39 Fentanyl............................................................................ 26 Fish/marine poisoning ........................................................ 40 Flame retardants ............................................................... 32 Flecainide.......................................................................... 19 Fluoride ............................................................................ 32 Fluorouracil ....................................................................... 21 Foreign body ingestion ......................................................... 9 Forensic toxicology .............................................................. 9 Fresh frozen plasma .......................................................... 17 Fungi ................................................................................ 39 Fungicides ......................................................................... 37 Gabapentin ....................................................................... 20 Gadolinium ........................................................................ 35 Gamma hydroxybutyrate .................................................... 23 Gasoline ............................................................................ 33 Genotoxicity ........................................................................ 9 Glyphosate ........................................................................ 37 Gourd family ..................................................................... 39

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Haemoperfusion................................................................. 17 Hair dye ............................................................................ 32 Hazardous waste ............................................................... 29 Helium .............................................................................. 32 Hepatotoxicity ..................................................................... 9 Herbal medicines ............................................................... 24 Herbicides ......................................................................... 37 Heroin ............................................................................... 24 Hexane.............................................................................. 32 Honey ............................................................................... 32 Hydrogen sulphide ............................................................. 32 Hydroxychloroquine ........................................................... 24 Hypoglycaemics drugs ........................................................ 24 Ibogaine ............................................................................ 24 Idarucizumab ..................................................................... 17 Imatinib ............................................................................ 17 Imipenem-cilastatin ............................................................ 19 Inhalation toxicity .............................................................. 10 Iron .................................................................................. 35 Karra ................................................................................. 39 Kinetics ............................................................................. 10 Lead.................................................................................. 35 Levamisole ........................................................................ 24 Lipid emulsion therapy ....................................................... 17 Liquitabs ........................................................................... 32 Lithium ........................................................................ 25, 36 Malathion .......................................................................... 38 Management, general ........................................................ 15 Manganese ........................................................................ 36 Manihot esculenta .............................................................. 39 Marijuana .......................................................................... 22 MDMA ............................................................................... 19 Medication errors ............................................................... 10 Mefenamic acid .................................................................. 25 MEK inhibitors .................................................................... 25 Melphalan .......................................................................... 21 Mephedrone ...................................................................... 23 Mercury ............................................................................. 36 Metabolism ........................................................................ 10 Metals, general .................................................................. 35 Metformin .......................................................................... 24 Methadone ........................................................................ 26 Methanol ........................................................................... 32 Methotrexate ..................................................................... 21 Methoxetamine .................................................................. 25 Methylphenidate ................................................................ 25 Monocrotophos .................................................................. 38 Monolinuron ...................................................................... 37 Morphine ........................................................................... 26 MPTP ................................................................................ 25 Muscle relaxants ................................................................ 25 Mushrooms ........................................................................ 39 Mustard gas ....................................................................... 39 Mycotoxins ........................................................................ 39 Naloxone ........................................................................... 17 Nanoparticles ..................................................................... 33 Naphthalene ...................................................................... 33 Naringin ............................................................................ 18 Nephrotoxicity ................................................................... 10 Nerve agents ..................................................................... 39 Neurotoxicity ..................................................................... 11 Nicotinamide...................................................................... 28 Nicotine ............................................................................. 25 Nicotinic acid ..................................................................... 18 Nitrogen mustard ............................................................... 39 Nitrophenol........................................................................ 33 NSAIDs ............................................................................. 25 Occupational toxicology ...................................................... 11 Ocular toxicity .................................................................... 13 Opioid maintenance therapy ............................................... 18 Opioids .............................................................................. 25 Organochlorine pesticides, general ...................................... 37

Organophosphorus insecticides, general ............................. 37 Oximes ............................................................................. 17 Paediatric toxicology .......................................................... 13 Paint thinners .................................................................... 33 Parabens........................................................................... 33 Paracetamol ...................................................................... 26 Para-chloronitrobenzene .................................................... 33 Paraoxon .......................................................................... 38 Paraquat ........................................................................... 38 Paroxetine......................................................................... 27 Perfluorinated compounds .................................................. 33 Permethrin ........................................................................ 38 Pesticides, general ............................................................. 37 Petrol................................................................................ 33 Phenethylamines ............................................................... 23 Phenobarbital .............................................................. 18, 20 Phenols ............................................................................. 33 Phosphine ......................................................................... 38 Phthalate esters ................................................................ 33 Pit vipers ........................................................................... 40 Plants, general .................................................................. 39 Poison information centres ................................................. 14 Poisons information ........................................................... 14 Pollution ........................................................................... 29 Polychlorinated biphenyls ................................................... 34 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ....................................... 34 Polymorphisms .................................................................. 14 Potassium cyanide ............................................................. 34 Propylene glycol ................................................................ 34 Psychiatric aspects ............................................................ 14 Pyrethroid insecticides, general .......................................... 38 Quercetin .......................................................................... 18 Radiation .......................................................................... 34 Reprotoxicity ..................................................................... 15 Rifampicin ......................................................................... 21 Risk assessment ................................................................ 15 Rivaroxaban ...................................................................... 20 Rodenticides ..................................................................... 38 Ropinirole ......................................................................... 27 Rotenone .......................................................................... 38 Salicylate .......................................................................... 27 Scorpions .......................................................................... 40 Silica ................................................................................. 34 Silver ................................................................................ 36 Smoke .............................................................................. 34 Snake bites ....................................................................... 40 Solvents ............................................................................ 34 SSRIs and SNRIs ............................................................... 27 Steroids ............................................................................ 27 Styrene ............................................................................. 34 Substance abuse ............................................................... 27 Succinylcholine .................................................................. 25 Suicide .............................................................................. 15 Sunitinib ........................................................................... 21 Superwarfarin ................................................................... 38 Synthetic cannabinoids ...................................................... 23 Synthetic cathinones .......................................................... 23 Tetrodotoxin ..................................................................... 40 Thunder god vine .............................................................. 39 Tiotropium ........................................................................ 20 Toads ............................................................................... 41 Tobacco ............................................................................ 34 Toxic alcohols ................................................................... 35 Toxicology, general ............................................................. 6 Tramadol .......................................................................... 26 Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ......................................... 28 Tripterygium wilfordii ......................................................... 39 True vipers........................................................................ 40 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors ................................................... 28 Uncaria tomentosa ............................................................ 40 Vaccines ........................................................................... 28 Vancomycin ...................................................................... 19

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Units.

The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England

Venlafaxine ........................................................................ 27 Vincristine ......................................................................... 21 Viperinae ........................................................................... 40 Vitamins ............................................................................ 28

Warfarin ........................................................................... 20 Water ............................................................................... 35 Xylitol ............................................................................... 35