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Project No. 601217-EPP-1-2018-1-BE-EPPKA2-SSA-B
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
1
Current and future skills in AM
1st SAM Expert‘s workshop, 27th February 2020
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 2
Which Professional Profiles, Qualifications and
Skills in AM are required by the Industry?
What are the trends in terms of AM technology
Developments?
Preliminary findings
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 3
4 target groups
WHO? SCENARIOS WHY?
INDUSTRY/EMPLOYERS Scenarios 1,2&3 (6 months, 2 years, future).
Although the future /foresight scenario would be an optional question
To find out their needs with regards
AM skills and identify possible
existing gaps at present and future
RESEARCH / TECH. CENTERS
Scenarios 1, 2&3
To find out new technologies are
appearing, and consequently which
skills are required
TRAINING CENTERS Scenarios 1&2
To map and identify the current and future training offer, which
combined with Industry/employers and Research Centers needs
enables to determine skills gaps
CURRENT WORKFORCE/ PROFESSIONALS
Scenarios 1 and 2- which are the end users (and here
we include the trainees as well)
To find out the needs with regards
to technical skills
Surveys and Interviews
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 4
During the data collection and feedback phase, the
gathered skills’ gaps and shortages will be framed
according to different scenarios:
- Scenario 1: Real case, to addressed in less than 6 months.
- Scenario 2: Short-term, to be addressed in less than 2 years.
- Scenario 3: Foresight scenarios, to be addressed in 10 years.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 5
10 Professionalprofiles
Professional Profile (Roles) Description
AM Designer(Professionals that are able to design parts
optimised for function, cost and
manufacture.)
Design AM solutions for specific AM process ensuring and validating that parts
can be made cost-effective and efficiently.
Validate specific AM process design projects by verifying requirements for
production with engineer as well as process requirements, ensuring liaison
with other technical areas to sign of drawings.
AM Process Engineer(Professionals that are able to create the
manufacturing process for the efficient
production and post-processing of additively
manufactured parts.)
Develop and execute Specific AM Process plans including validation of design,
implementation, pre and post processing operations, assurance of parts
conformity and identification of the causes and the corrective actions of
technical production problems;
Coordinate the tasks distribution between the operators according to the
workplan as well as manage the link between them and the management.
AM Inspector(Professionals that are able to define and
carry out inspection of additively
manufactured parts)
Carry out quality assessments and inspection of AM parts.
Interpret DT and NDT reports
Inspection TechnicianCarry out the dimensional inspection of complex geometries of additively
manufactured parts to the clients requirements
NDT TechnicianCarry out the safe and reliable non-destructive testing of complex geometry
additively manufactured parts.
AM SupervisorSupervise AM production on shop floor ensuring quality and HSE procedures
AM Coordinator – at the Engineer levelEvaluate manufacturing suitability for customers' requests defining which
processes are fit for the request, based on the application, material, design
and cost of the part. Coordinate the work with AM team.
Metrology EngineerUse their comprehensive knowledge of metrology to specify the optimal
measurement method to meet the functional and manufacturing
requirements of the part
Materials EngineerUse their comprehensive knowledge of materials to specify the optimal
material to meet the functional and manufacturing requirements of the part
and implement material handling processes for the entire material life cycle
AM Operator / Technician(Professionals that are able to carry out the
safe and reliable production and simple post-
processing of additively manufactured parts.)
Operate AM machines, including fitting and setting up, maintenance and
specific repairs.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 6
AM skills: categories
Lists of the different types of skills
TechnologicalEntrepreneurship
Digital Green
AM processes Spotting opportunitiesDigital data analysis (Artificial
intelligence/ machine learning...)
Resource efficiency
management
Simulation CreativityDigital data management (big data,
statistics,…) Green awareness
Topology optimisation Vision Ability to think in 3D LCA
CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planning)
for AMValuing ideas Cybersecurity
Eco-Design
Design (CAD Modelling) Ethical and sustainable thinking Coding / programming Circular Economy
Structural integrity Self-awareness and self-efficacy Green resources
Materials analysis and characterisation Motivation and preserverance Green products
Pre-processing & material handling Mobilising resources
Post-processing Financial and economic literacy
Destructive and Non-destructive testing Mobilising others
Certification and Validation Taking the initiative
Tolerances/Testing/quality
control/metrologyPlanning and management
EHS Coping with ambiguity, uncertainty and risk
Standardisation Working with others
Robotics/automation Learning through experience
SensingAM applications
AM Equipment Acquisition
AM machine and feedstock handling
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 7
AM skills
Industry SURVEY
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 8
12.20%
23.78%
42.07%
6.71%
15.24%
Type of organization
Start-up
SME
Large company
Industrial association
Other (please specify)
Answers: 164
Main type: large companies
Main Countries: Germany ,
Spain and Romania
4%
5%
2%
1%
1%
8%
14%
2%
1%
2%7%
1%
3%
1%
1%14%
3%
13%
2%
6%
4%
7%
Countries Austria Belgium
Bulgaria Canada
China Croatia
Czech Republic Denmark
Estonia Finland
France Germany
Greece Hungary
Ireland Italy
Japan Latvia
Lithuania Luxembourg
Malta Netherlands
Poland Portugal
Republic of Cyprus Romania
Slovakia Slovenia
Spain Sweden
Turkey United Kingdom
USA Other
Section 1: General info and background
AM skills: Industry SURVEY
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM skills: Industry SURVEY
32.12%
23.64%
12.12%
6.06%
9.09%
13.94%
10.30%
29.09%
33.33%
Aerospace
Automotive
Defence
Consumer
Construction
Energy
Health
Industrial equipment and tooling
Other (please specify)
Main Sector
• 78,2% using already AM
40.48%
9.52%6.35% 6.35% 5.56% 7.94%
15.08%8.73%
R&D Service bureau OEMs MaterialsProvider
Software Provider Design End-user Other
Main AM supply position in which your organisation is involved in
• 24% and 52% considered that are very well or well prepared
respectively, to meet future skills challenges in AM
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM skills: Industry SURVEY
Metal43%
Plastic37%
Ceramic5%
Composite6%
Biomaterials4%
Other (please specify)5%
Which AM material do you mainly use ?
Powder bed fusion33%
Vat Photopolymerisation8%
Material Jetting8%
Material extrusion
24%
Sheet lamination0%
Directed Energy Deposition
12%
Binder Jetting8%
Other (please specify)7%
Which AM process(es) do you mainly use?
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM skills: Industry SURVEY
• Process engineer, designer, specialist ( at engineer level) and materials
engineer > 40 %
Section 2: Profiles and Skills needs
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM skills: Industry SURVEY
• Next 6 months: Certification &
validation, Topology
optimisation, design
• Next 2 years: Certification &
validation, testing &quality
control, standards
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Year
s
For your activity, indicate which relevant knowledge on AM are lacking (still needed)?
6 months
2 years
AM Numerical
Modelling
Topology
optimisatio
n
Design
Structural
Integrity
Metallurgical
analysis and
characterisatio
Pre-processing
& mater
ial handl
Standards
Testing&
Quality
contro
Certificatio
n & Validation
NDTPost-processing
Costs Health &
Safety
Marketing and
Sales
Communication
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM skills: Industry Interview
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Simulation
Topology optimisation
Design (CAD modelling)
Structural integrity
Materials analysis and characterisation
Pre-processing & material handling
AM processes
Post-processing
Destructive and NDT
Certification and qualification
Quality monitoring and control
Standards
Automation
Sensing
How will the AM technological skills evolve in the next 2 years ?
Decrease Increase
0 5 10 15
New metallic materials /plastic/ bio
Zero defects manufacturing
Real time control/ monitoring systems
Traceability
Hybrid Technology
Robotics
Predictive maintenance
Bio printing process
4D printing
Data management / Artificial intelligence
End of life/ circular economy
Cybersecurity
Relevance of AM trends
Not Relevant Relevant Very Relevant
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM skills: Industry SURVEY
• Plan to increase AM use 50% in coming 6 months, 28% in coming 2 years
• Increasing nº of applications, testing new materials and AM use
62.24%
41.84%
55.10%
13.27%
53.06%
26.53%
41.84%
1.02%
By increasing the number of applications
By testing new AM technologies
By testing new materials
By keeping using AM as today
By increasing the use of AM
By hiring new staff specialized in AM
By reskilling and upskilling existing staff on AM technology
Other (please specify)
How do you expect to increase the use of AM technologies?
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM skills: Industry SURVEY
• Process manager, R&D > 70 % // Project manager > 40 %
For those answered “reskilling/upskilling” in previous question: 7 answers
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM skills: Industry SURVEY
How do you plan to use and implement AM technology?Answers: 15
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
50.00%
By reskilling/upskillingexisting staff on AM
technology
By hiring new staffspecialized in AM
Other (please specify)
Yes (in the next 6 months) 9,09%
Yes (in the next 2 years) 12,12%
Likely (in the next 6 months) 3,03%
Likely (in the next 2 years) 21,21%
Not in the next 2 years 54,55%
Do you plan to use / implement AM Technologies in your organisation?Answers: 33
For those who are not currently using AM:
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 17
AM skills & trends
RTO’s SURVEY
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 18
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Answers:90
Main type: University
Main Countries: Spain,
Germany and France
45%
27%
12%
16%
Type of organisation
University
Research Center
Technology Center
Other (pleasespecify)
0%1%1%0%0%1%0%2%
1%
14%
18%
2%
9%
0%0%0%0%0%2%
4%
0%1%
23%
1%
4%
9%
4%
Countries Austria Belgium
Bulgaria Canada
China Croatia
Czech Republic Denmark
Estonia Finland
France Germany
Greece Hungary
Ireland Italy
Japan Latvia
Lithuania Luxembourg
Malta Netherlands
Poland Portugal
Republic of Cyprus Romania
Slovakia Slovenia
Spain Sweden
Turkey United Kingdom
USA Other
Section 1: General info and background
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 19
46.67%
34.44%
12.22%
12.22%
8.89%
17.78%
14.44%
45.56%
32.22%
Aerospace
Automotive
Defence
Consumer
Construction
Energy
Health
Industrial equipment and tooling
Other (please specify)
Sector
48.89%
52.22%
51.11%
62.22%
50.00%
40.00%
7.78%
13.33%
Modelling/simulation
Design
Materials
Process (including ICT, Equipment)
Post-processing
Product (including Quality Assurance & Testing)
End of life
Other (please specify)
Position in AM value chain
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Metal42%
Plastic29%
Ceramic6%
Composite13%
Biomaterials5% Other (please specify)
5%
Which AM material(s) do you mainly use?
Powder Bed Fusion
29%
Vat Photopolymerisation8%
Material Jetting8%
Material Extrusion
21%
Sheet Lamination
2%
Directed Energy Deposition
19%
Binder Jetting
9%
Other (please specify)…
Which AM process(es) do you mainly use?
• 66,7% offer training/education courses
84.21%
45.61%
10.53%
49.12%
17.54%
17.54%
Internal, courses at our organisation
External training at customer location
Remote or Internet-based courses
Technological workshops (>1 day)
Showrooms
Other (please specify)
Type of training services provided
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
• AM processes, design, topology optimisation….
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Communication
Marketing and sales
Resource Efficiency/sustainability
Certification and Validation
Other (please specify)
Health and Safety
Business models
Testing/quality control
Structural integrity
Non-destructive testing
Numerical modelling
Metallurgical analysis and characterization
Pre-processing & material handling
Topology optimization
Post-processing
Design
AM processes
Which skills do your courses address?
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Section 2: AM trends
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2020-2021 (scenario 2)
2020-2025 (scenario 3)
Sector/s in which your R&D&I mainly focused
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Modelling & simulation
Design
Materials
Process (including equipment & ICT)
Post-processing
Product (including quality…
End of life
2022-2025 (scenario 3) 2020-2021 (scenario 2)
VC segment/s in which your R&D&I mainly focused
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Section 2: AM trends: MATERIALS
Relevance of materials in R&D&I activities: 2020-2021 vs. 2022-2025
2020-2021
2022-2025
Metal
Polymer
Composite
Bio-material
Ceramic
Other
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Section 2: AM trends: PROCESS
Powder Bed Fusion (PBF)
Vat Photopolymerisation (VP)
Material Jetting (MJ)
Material Extrusion (ME)
Sheet Lamination (SL)
Direct Energy Deposition (DED)
Binder Jetting (BJ)
9.09%
23.21%
26.92%
17.54%
25.53%
13.21%
16.98%
12.12%
10.71%
11.54%
19.30%
17.02%
22.64%
26.42%
9.09%
25.00%
11.54%
10.53%
0.00%
15.09%
13.21%
57.58%
7.14%
17.31%
33.33%
6.38%
30.19%
18.87%
12.12%
33.93%
32.69%
19.30%
51.06%
18.87%
24.53%
relevance of the different AM process(es) in R&D&I activities for 2020-2021
low
regular
high
very high
N.A
Powder Bed Fusion (PBF)
Vat Photopolymerisation (VP)
Material Jetting (MJ)
Material Extrusion (ME)
Sheet Lamination (SL)
Direct Energy Deposition (DED)
Binder Jetting (BJ)
6.15%
18.87%
17.31%
12.28%
28.57%
12.73%
14.55%
15.38%
15.09%
23.08%
12.28%
10.20%
10.91%
21.82%
7.69%
18.87%
15.38%
28.07%
4.08%
25.45%
20.00%
61.54%
13.21%
15.38%
28.07%
8.16%
32.73%
21.82%
9.23%
33.96%
28.85%
19.30%
48.98%
18.18%
21.82%
relevance of the different AM process(es) in R&D&I activities for 2022-2025
low
regular
high
very high
N.A
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Section 2: AM trends
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Bio printing process
End of life/ circular economy
Traceability
4D printing
Bio-printing materials
Cybersecurity
Data management / Artificial intelligence
Zero defects manufacturing
New materials
Real time control/ monitoring systems
Relevance of different AM technology trends for R&D&I activities for 2020-2021
4 - Very High 3 - High 2 - Regular 1 - Low
• Real time control, new materials, zero defects manufacturing
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Section 2: AM trends
• New materials, zero defects manufacturing, real time control, AI,
traceability…
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Bio printing process
Bio-printing materials
Cybersecurity
End of life/ circular economy
4D printing
Traceability
Data management / Artificial intelligence
Real time control/ monitoring systems
Zero defects manufacturing
New materials
Relevance of different AM technology trends for R&D&I activities for 2022-2025
4 - Very High 3 - High 2 - Regular 1 - Low
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Section 3 – Skills and profiles needs
6.25%
1.56%
10.94%
23.81%
20.31%
25.00%
12.70%
13.11%
9.38%
10.94%
60.00%
17.19%
9.38%
37.50%
28.57%
26.56%
23.44%
14.29%
36.07%
10.94%
18.75%
10.00%
28.13%
29.69%
32.81%
28.57%
29.69%
34.38%
44.44%
29.51%
31.25%
51.56%
20.00%
45.31%
54.69%
15.63%
15.87%
20.31%
15.63%
26.98%
18.03%
46.88%
17.19%
10.00%
Designer
Process Engineer
Inspection Technician
Inspector
NDT Technician
Supervisor
Coordinator (at engineer level)
Metrology Engineer
Materials Engineer
Operator/Technician
Other
relevant AM Professional Profiles in 2020-2021
low regular high very high
• Process engineer, materials engineer, designer,…
1.56%
1.56%
9.38%
15.87%
14.06%
15.63%
6.35%
13.11%
6.25%
7.81%
40.00%
10.94%
6.25%
31.25%
31.75%
21.88%
26.56%
12.70%
22.95%
6.25%
14.06%
20.00%
20.31%
21.88%
32.81%
23.81%
32.81%
28.13%
44.44%
34.43%
26.56%
35.94%
20.00%
59.38%
60.94%
17.19%
17.46%
21.88%
17.19%
26.98%
19.67%
50.00%
31.25%
0.00%
Designer
Process Engineer
Inspection Technician
Inspector
NDT Technician
Supervisor
Coordinator (at engineer level)
Metrology Engineer
Materials Engineer
Operator/Technician
Other
relevant AM Professional Profiles in2022-2025
low regular high very high
• Process engineer, designer, materials engineer…
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Section 3 – Skills and profiles needs
7.81%
11.11%
7.81%
9.38%
11.29%
17.46%
9.52%
7.94%
14.52%
9.68%
7.94%
8.06%
9.84%
12.70%
12.90%
24.19%
25.81%
11.67%
21.88%
17.46%
26.56%
28.13%
22.58%
20.63%
34.92%
31.75%
30.65%
12.90%
20.63%
22.58%
44.26%
28.57%
33.87%
40.32%
48.39%
33.33%
37.50%
28.57%
26.56%
29.69%
43.55%
41.27%
41.27%
36.51%
30.65%
40.32%
42.86%
29.03%
24.59%
31.75%
29.03%
27.42%
20.97%
41.67%
32.81%
42.86%
39.06%
32.81%
22.58%
20.63%
14.29%
23.81%
24.19%
37.10%
28.57%
40.32%
21.31%
26.98%
24.19%
8.06%
4.84%
13.33%
AM processes
Numerical modelling
Topology optimisation
Design
Structural integrity
Metallurgical analysis and characterisation
Pre-processing & material handling
Post-processing
Non-destructive testing
Certification and Validation
Testing/quality control
Standards
Costs
Health and Safety
Resource Efficiency/sustainability
Marketing and sales
Communication
Management
Relevant knowledge currently lacking on AM
low
regular
high
very high
• Numerical modelling, standards, Topology optimisation, certification
&validation….>37%
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
AM trends: RTOs SURVEY
Section 3 – Skills and profiles needs
• 2020-21: AM processes, design,
numerical modelling, topology
optimisation > 30%
• 2022-25: AM process, design ,
numerical modelling, topology
optimisation > 40%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
From your experience, indicate which relevant knowledge on AM will be needed in the future for each scenario (scen.2 and scen.3).Being 1 (low),
2 (regular), 3 (high), 4 (very high)
2020-2021 (scen.2)1
2020-2021 (scen. 2)2
2020-2021 (scen. 2)3
2020-2021 (scen. 2)4
2022-2025 (scen. 3)1
2022-2025 (scen. 3)2
2022-2025 (scen. 3)3
2022-2025 (scen. 3)4
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Paula [email protected]
www.idonial.com
WP2-Forecast Methodology: assessment of current and future skills in AM