Upload
bharat
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/25/2019 Cultivation Plants Bhabhar
1/5
Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants, ISSN 22494340
RESEARCH ARTICLEVol. 1, No. 1, pp. 2327, June 2011
*Corresponding author: (E-mail) [email protected], [email protected] http://www.openaccessscience.com
2011 Open Access Science Research Publisher [email protected]
Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plants in the Bhabhar region of the
Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India
Rakhi RAWAT*, D.P. VASHISTHA
Department of Botany, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal- 246 174, Uttarakhand,
India
Article History: Received 12th May 2011, Revised 24th May 2011, Accepted 28th May 2011.
Abstract: The success of any economically viable herbal cultivation programme lies in the appropriate selection of her-
bal plants. Many things will have to be considered in selecting herbs viz. adaptability in natural environment, economicdemand in herbal industry and agroclimatic aspects. The present work embodies the results of the scrutiny of herbal
composition of popular branded Ayurvedic medicines. In addition, with the help of field survey and available literature,plants were identified which are naturally growing in different habitats of the Bhabhar region of the Garhwal Himalaya,
Uttarakhand. On the basis of utility in herbal medicines and their ability to grow naturally, plants are further shortlisted
for the cultivation. The prominent herbs recommended are: Aloe barbadensis, Bacopa monnieri, Boerhavia diffusa,Plumbago zeylanica, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera etc. The promotion of cultivation of these useful herbs
would ensure sustainable biodiversity conservation and alleviation in the economic conditions of the rural people of the
Bhabhar region of Garhwal Himalaya.
Keywords: Ayurvedic formulation; Herbal plants; Bhabhar; Garhwal; Cultivation.
Introduction
The success of any herbal cultivation pro-gramme lies in the appropriate selection of her-
bal plants. The various national and local agen-
cies have prioritized the herbal plants for culti-
vation. The National Medicinal Plant Board,
Government of India has published a list com-
prising of 32 herbal plants (CIMAP 2004), whe-
reas Herbal Research and Development Institute
in Uttarakhand has recommended 26 herbal
plants (HRDI 2005) for cultivation. However,
these guidelines are needed to be revised for dif-
ferent geographical regions and local traditions.Further, due consideration will have to be given
to the plants actually being used in the prepara-
tion of Ayurvedic prescriptions and ability of
these plants to grow in the particular region.
The prominent cultivable herbal plants of
high altitude of Uttarakhand Himalaya are ex-
tensively explored by various workers (Dhar et
al. 2002; Farooquee 1996; Kuniyal et al. 2003;
Nautiyal et al. 2002; Nautiyal and Purohit 2000;
Adhikari et al. 2010). However, little work is
done as far as plants of lower altitudinal region
of Uttarakhand are concerned. On the basis of
demand of medicinal plants in herbal industry
and their ability to grow in the region, in the
present study important medicinal plants areshortlisted for cultivation in foothills of Garhwal
Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India.
Material and methods
The extensive scrutiny of different herbal
drugs sold in the medical stores in Uttarakhand
was conducted and comprehensive list of the
herbal components used in these drugs was pre-
pared. A list of plants was prepared which areaboriginal and have recognized medicinal valuein drug industry. Other important information
about these shortlisted plants were collected
from the available literature. Plants were catego-
rized on the basis of their altitudinal distribution
and further shortlisted those grow in the Bhab-
har region of Garhwal Himalaya. The present
study was conducted in the Kotdwara (29 45'
N, 78 32' E) and Kalaghar (29 30' N, 78 45'
E) towns of the Bhabhar area of Uttarakhand
Himalaya. These are the representative towns ofBhabhar region and are the gateway for central
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.openaccessscience.com/mailto:[email protected]://www.openaccessscience.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]7/25/2019 Cultivation Plants Bhabhar
2/5
24
Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plants in the Bhabhar region
Rawat and Vashisthahttp://www.openaccessscience.com
and eastern parts of Himalaya. These areas are
situated at an elevation of 400 (Kotdwara), and
370 (Kalaghar) meters above mean sea level
(msl), respectively. Extensive field surveys were
conducted in these towns to find out the availa-
bility and distribution of the shortlisted plants.Every plant under the study was given complete
scientific description viz, botanical name, verna-
cular name, taxonomical details, etc. The speci-
mens of each species were collected and identi-
fied with the help of flora (Gaur 1999) and exist-
ing Herbarium of Botany Department HNB
Garhwal University (GUH). The shortlisted
plant species are alphabetically arranged in the
results table. Additional information about bo-
tanical name, vernacular name, and medicinal
properties were also collected from primary and
secondary sources for each plant species.
Results and discussion
A scrutiny of popular herbal drugs being
sold as Ayurvedic medicines in Uttarakhand has
revealed that the herbal prescriptions are being
derived from less than 100 plants. The most im-
portant plants being used in the preparation of
various drugs to treat different ailments areAloebarbadensis, Adhotoda zeylanica, Aegle marme-
los, Bacopa monnieri, Boerhavia diffusa, Eclipta
prostrate, Plumbago zeylanica, Mucuna pru-
riens, Pueraria tuberosa Ricinus communis, Ti-
nospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera.
It is strikingly evident that many herbal
plants, aboriginal to the Bhabhar region ofGarhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand are being used
in formation of herbal drugs and as such have
proven immense economic importance. There
are as many as 32 plants under this category
(Table 1, Figure 1).
The prominent plants included are Abutilon
indicum, Aloe barbadensis, Bacopa monnieri,
Boerhavia diffusa, Eclipta prostrata, Plumbago
zeylanica, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania som-
nifera etc. Among these plantsAloe barbadensis,
Boerhavia diffusa, Eclipta prostrate, Plumbagozeylanica, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania
somnifera, etc are regular constituents of various
herbal prescriptions. Many of these plants viz.,Bacopa monnieri, Plumbago zeylanica, Tinos-
pora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, etc are also
shortlisted by NMPB for cultivation in the re-
gion. However, many other herbal plants viz.,Boerhavia diffusa, Eclipta prostrata, etc. though
rank high in medicinal uses are left out from the
list of recommended cultivable plants by the go-
vernmental agencies so far.
Table 1: Prominent herbs from Bhabhar region (Kotdwara and Kalagarh) of Uttarakhand that are
currently being used in the popular branded herbal medicines.
Botanical Name Vernacular
Name
Family Parts used Habit Uses Ayurvedic formulation (Himalaya and
Cahrak, Ayurvedic drugs )
Abrus precatorious L. Ratti Fabaceae Seed and roots Climber Skin disease, ulcer, nervous
disease
Tranquil
Abutilon indicum (L.) Atibalaa Malvaceae Fruit, leaves,
bark, seed androots
Shrub Demulcent, aphrodisiac,
laxative, diuretic, diuretic,leprosy
Diabecon
Achyranthes aspera L Apamarga Amaranta-
caea
Roots and
leaves
Herb Fever Cystone
Adhatoda zeylanica
Medic.
Vasaka Acanthaceae Leaves and
roots
Shrub Whooping cough, skin dis-
ease, dysentery
Vasakamadu, Vasavaleha, Diakof, Vasakas-
va, Kasni, Kankasava Livomyn, M2-Tone,
Styplon, Geriforte (tablets & syrup)
*Aegle marmelos (L.)
Correa
Bael Rutaceae Fruit and root
bark
Tree Diarrhea, diabetes Bilvadi k wath, Bilava churn, Bilva-majjadi
yog, Dasamoolarist, Tentex forte, Lukol,Diarex, Sumento (Tablets)
Aloe barbadensis (Mil-
ler)
Kumari Liliaceae Leaves Herb Purgative, constipation Livomyn, Pigmento, Livosyp, Diabecon,
Herbolax, Reostra
Azadirachta indica
A.H.L Juss
Neem Meliaceae Leaves, wood,
seeds and
flowers
Tree Skin disease, ulcer , eczema,
diabetes
Livosyp, Hepatogard, Pilex
Boerhavia diffusa L. Punarnava Nyctagina-
ceae
Roots Herb Jaundice, asthma, bronchitis,
eye problems
Punarnava kwath, Punarnava -sova, Punarna-
vadi mandoor, Punarnavadi guggulu, Abana,
Crush, Lukol, Geriforte, Livomyne,(Tablets
& syrups)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.openaccessscience.com/7/25/2019 Cultivation Plants Bhabhar
3/5
25
Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plants in the Bhabhar region
Rawat and Vashisthahttp://www.openaccessscience.com
*recommended by NMPB (CIMAP 2004)
Bombax malabaricum
DC
Semal Bombaceae Bark , fruits
and seeds
Tree Demulcent tonic, stimulant,
expectorant, diuretic
Femiplex, M2-tone (Tablets & syrups)
*Bacopa monnieri (L.)
Pennell.
Jal birahmi Scrophula-
riaceae
Whole plant Herb Nervine tonic, diuretic blood
purifier
Bharmi churn, Bharmi ghrit, Brahmi rasayan
*Butea monosperma
(Lamk.)
Plash Fabaceae Gum, seeds
and flowers
Tree Diarrhea, dysentery Krmighna churn, Krimimudgar ras, Krmiku-
tharras, Plashbeejj churn. Plash ghrit, Crush,
Lukol (Tablets & syrups)
Cassia fistula L. Amaltas Caesalpinia-ceae
Fruits androots
Tree Fever, heart disease, urinarytrouble
Aragvadhadirsta, Aragvadhadi ghrita Arag-vadhadi tel, Agni- kumar churn, Kankayan
gutika
Cassia Occidentalis L. Kasonda LeguminosaeSeed, root and
flower
Herb Asthma, fevers, menstrual
problems, tuberculosis, ane-
mia, liver complaints, general
weakness and illness
Bonnisan, Geriforte, Liv 52, Herbolax
Cissampelos pareira L. Pahre Menisperma-
ceae
Roots Shrub Antiperiodic, diuretic, purga-
tive, dyspepsia, urinary
trouble
Pusyanug churn, Pathadi kwath, Mahayograj
guggulu Agnimukh churn
Datura stramonium L. Dhatura Solanaceae Leaves, flo-
wering tops
and seeds
Herb Control motion , sickness,
asthma, rheumatism, jaundice
Kankasava, Maha laxmi vilas ras, Asthma
relief Alarex, Spasmolin (Tablets & syrups)
Dioscorea bulbifera L. Genthi Dioscorea-
ceae
Roots Climber Bronchial cough, antiseptic
burn, wound
Chayavanpras, Mahamash tel, Narsingh tel,
Grabbdharin vati
Eclipta prostrata (L.)
L.
Bhringraja Asteraceae Whole plants Herb Intestinal parasites, anemia,
hepatitis, asthma, hair tonic
Bhringrajasava, Sutsekherras Anand bhairas,
Neo, Ojus, Acidocid syrup, Geriforte Mahab-hringraj tel, Gandhak rasayana, Livomyn,
M2-tone, Hepatogard
Eugenia jambolana
Lam
Jamun Myrtaceae Bark and seed Tree Diabetes M2-Tone
Ficus benghalensis (L.) Bargad Moraceae Fruits, barks
and leaves
Tree Rheumatism, dysentery, di-
abetes
M2-Tone
Holarrhena antidysen-
terica Wall. ex. A. DC
Karu Apocynaceae Barks and
seeds
Shrub Dysentery, dropsy, astringent,
fever, diarrhoca, intestinal
worm
Kutajarista, Kutajahan vati, Kutajawteha ras,
Karpur ras
Lawsonia alba Lam. Mehandi Lythraceae Leaves Shrub Blood dysentery, wounds, cut Femiplex
Mallotus philippensis
(Lamk.)
Kmbhal Euphorbia-
ceae
Ripe fruits Tree Tapeworm killer, skin
disease, snakebite, ulcer,
constipation, purgative,
external parasites
Krimikuthar ras, Krimighatini vati, Kshisadi
ghrit, Herbinol cream
Melia azedarach L. Daikan Meliaceae Leaves barks
and fruits
Tree Anthelmintic, diuretic, lepro-
sy, rheumatism, skin disease,cuts, wounds
Pigmento
Mimosa pudica L. Lajalu Fabaceae Whole plant Herb Piles, ulcers, fistula, scrofula,
hydrocele, conjunctivitis
Pilex, styplon
Mucun pruriens (L.)
DC.
Kauch Fabaceae Roots and
hairs on pods
Climber Eczema and diabetes Kawanch pak, Kawanch churn, Kamdev
ghrit, Ashwagandha churn, Musli pak, Dha-
tupaustic churn, Agstya haritaka, Badam pak,
Strenex, Tentax forte, Speman tab.
*Plumbago zeylanicaL.
Chitrak Plumbagina-
ceae
Roots Shrub Dyspepsia, piles, skin disease Chitrakadi vati, Chitrak haritake, Chitrak
ghrit, Mahasankh vati, Mahamritaunjay ras,
Pigmento, Liv-52, Alarsin, Vigiroll (Tablets
& syrups)
Pueraria tuberosa
(Roxb. Ex.Willd)
Siralu Fabaceae Tuber Shrub Fever Vidari churn, Laxamivilasras, Narsing churn,
Ashwagandha churn, Saraswatista, Chyvan-
pras.
Ricinus communis L. Arandi Euphorbia-
ceae
Roots, root
bark, leaves
and seeds
Tree Asthma , bronchitis, skin
disease, jaundice, nervous
disease
Erand pak, Erand tel Balarista, Pradrantak
lauh, Bishgorbh tel, Cibolic capsules
Solanum surattense
Burm. F.
Kantakari Solanaceae Whole plants Shrub Cough , asthma, chest pain,
fever, diuretic
Kantakariavleha, Kantakari ghrit, Vyaghiha-
ritaki, Chyavanpras, Dasamoolarist, Dasa-
mool kwath
*Tinospora cordifolia
(Willd.) Hook Fr
Giloy Menisperma-
ceae
Stem Climber Debility, leprosy, urinary
trouble, malaria
Giloy satva, Amritasava, Amritarista, Ash-
waganda churn, Chandraprabha Vati, Gudu-
chi tel, Livomyn, Calcury, Pigmento Li-
vosyp, Dibecon, Mentat, Rumalaga, Gasex,
Geriforte, Liv- 52. Diakof, Manoll, Apimare
Vitex negundo L. Siwain Verbenaceae Leaves, roots
and fruits
Shrub Rheumatism , arthritic, fever,
ulcer, cuts, wound, skin dis-
ease
Nirgundi ghrit, Nirgundi kwath, Nirgundi tel,
Bishagarbh tel, Rumalagy cream, Himcolin
cream
Withania somnifera*
(L.) Dunal
Aswagandha Solanaceae Roots Shrub Urinary disorders, fever, cold,
rheumatism
Asbwagandha churn, Ashwagnadha rasayan,
Ashwagandharista, Kamdev ghrit, Chyaran-
pras, Phalaghrit, Mahamash tel, Manoll, M2
tone (Tablets & syrups)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.openaccessscience.com/7/25/2019 Cultivation Plants Bhabhar
4/5
26
Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plants in the Bhabhar region
Rawat and Vashisthahttp://www.openaccessscience.com
A.Plumbago zeylanica B.Cassia fistula
C.Lawsonia alba D.Boerhavia diffusa
E.Withania somnifera F.Datura stramonium
Figure 1: Some of the important medicinal plants in their natural habitat.
It is strongly felt that there cannot be a gene-
ralized list of herbal plants for all climatic re-
gions but region wise amendments will have to
make. While considering the prospective culti-
vation of herbs in the Bhabhar region of Utta-
rakhand, ability of plants to grow under natural
conditions and its marketability should be of
foremost consideration. The present study has
revealed that seven aboriginal plants with impor-
tant medicinal uses can be used for cultivation in
the Bhabhar region (Table 2).
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.openaccessscience.com/7/25/2019 Cultivation Plants Bhabhar
5/5
27
Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plants in the Bhabhar region
Rawat and Vashisthahttp://www.openaccessscience.com
However, agrotechnological data of only few
herbals plants are available so far (Sharma et al.
2004) and actually only few selected plants viz.,
Centella asiatica, Gloriosa superb and Aspara-
gus racemosus are under significant cultivation.
Therefore, before undertaking actual cultivationof the listed herbal plants, extensive agro tech-
nological studies will have to be undertaken.
Promotion of cultivation of these economically
important medicinal plants will also help in alle-
viating the economic conditions of the rural
people of the region.
Table 2: List of important medicinal plants rec-
ommended for the cultivation in the Bhabhar
region of the Garhwal Himalaya.S.No. Species Family Medicinal uses
1. Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Purgative constipa-
tions.
2. Boerhavia diffusa Nyctagina-
ceae
Jaundice, asthma,
bronchitis, eye prob-
lems.
3. Eclipta prostrata Asteraceae Intestinal parasites
anemia, hepatitis,
asthma, hair tonic.
4. Plumbago zeylani-
ca
Plumbagina-
ceae
Dyspepsia, piles, skin
disease.
5. Tinospora cordifo-
lia
Menisperma-
ceae
Leprosy, urinary dis-
order.
6. Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Rheumatism, arthritic,
fever, ulcer, cuts,wound, skin disease.
7. Withania somnife-
ra
Solanaceae Hemorrhoids, Febri-
fuge.
Acknowledgements: Financial support pro-
vided by University Grants commission, New
Delhi, India is thankfully acknowledged.
References
Adhikari, B.S., Babu, M.M., Saklani, P.L. and
Rawat, G.S. 2010. Medicinal Plants Diversityand their Conservation Status in Wildlife In-
stitute of India (WII) Campus, Dehradun.Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 14: 46-83.
CIMAP. 2004. Technical Manual for Entrepre-
neurship in Cultivation and processing of
Medicinal and Aromatic plants.
Dhar, U., Rawat, R.S., Mankola, S., Bisht, A.K.,
Joshi, M., Bhatt, A. and Bisht, G. 2002. Con-servation, Propagation and Utilization of
High Value Medicinal Plant of Himalaya.
GBPHED. Kosi Katarmal, Almora.
Farooquee, N.A. and Saxena, K.G. 1996. Con-
servation and utilization of medicinal plants
in high hills of central Himalaya. Environ-
mental Conservation, 23(1): 75-80.
Gaur, R.D. 1999. Flora of the District Garhwal
North West Himalaya (With Ethnobotanical
Notes). Trans Media, Srinagar-Garhwal, In-dia.
HRDI. 2005. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26
priority species selected by Uttarakhand
(With cultivation tips), Herbal Research and
Development Institute, Gopeshwar, Chamoli,
Uttarakhand, India.
Kuniyal, C.P., Rajsekaran, P.P. and Bhadula,
S.K. 2003. Propagation of a threatened medi-
cinal herb Aconitum atrox (Bruhl.) Muk
through tuber segment. Plant Genetic Re-sources Newsletter, 135: 41- 44.
Nautiyal, B.P., Prakash, V., Bahuguna, R. and
Nautiyal, M.C. 2002. Key Factors of Agro-
technology for the cultivation of High Alti-
tude Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Annals
of Forestry, 10(1): 85-98.
Nautiyal, M.C. and Purohit, A.N. 2000. Cultiva-
tion of Himalayan Aconites under poly house
Condition. Current Science, 78(9): 1062-
1063.Sharma, A., Kumar, A. and Kumar, V.S. 2004.
MAP Companion; Technical manual for En-
trepreneurship; in cultivation and Processing
of medicinal and Aromatic plant CIMAP.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.openaccessscience.com/