Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
An inscribed bronze tablet with a dedicatory inscription of a woman named Aristo to Pan and the Nymphs was found in a cave in the area of Ancient Phokis, at a high altitude on the NE slope of Mt. Parnassus, together with a considerable number of other votive offerings mainly including terracotta figurines, pottery, and astragaloi, indicating that the place hosted cultic and dedicatory activity during the Classical Period.The bronze inscribed tablet published here should be dated to the 4th c. B.C., and must have been fixed on a wooden box dedicated by Aristo to Pan and the Nymphs.The other offerings mostly date from the 5th and 4th c. B.C., and consist of a large assemblage of fragmentary statuettes featuring more than a dozen best preserved heads from typical female peplophoroi, a torso from an ‘Aphrodite’, several parts from male figurines including a figure squatting and carrying a possible round bread, and a headless seated Satyr. Two more naked male statuettes may belong to the end of the 6th c. B.C. Among the 5th c. B.C. record from the site there is an outstanding whole replica of a fig fruit formulated to show its interior opened in three parts and denoted by red paint. Figurines were found together with fragmented black-glazed vessels and lamps of the Classical Period, a miniature kotyle, numerous worked astragaloi, mollusks and faunal remains.The cave of Pan and the Nymphs was presumably worshipped by shepherds during summer, probably by throwing the votive offerings down the steep interior from the entrance. The site is a new addition to the long list of caves dedicated to Pan and the Nymphs in the Greek mainland, but bears particularly close similarities to two synchronous neighboring upland ritual caves, the Corycian cave on the opposite side of Mt. Parnassus and the cave of Haghia Triada on Mt. Helicon in Boeotia.
Citation preview
µ
33
2 (2013) 33-40 www.grammateion.gr
µ
µ µ µ µ , µ µ
µ µ , , , µ .
( µ 940 µ.), µ , ,
, ( . 1). µ , µ
µ , µ µ , µ µ µ .1
µ µ µ , µ ,
, µ µ , , µ µ µ
. µ µ 2 µ , ,
µ , µ µ , µ µ ( . 2). µ , µ µ
. T µ µ . µ
. µ .
, . µµ
1. , µ µ . &
µ . µ & - µ
µ , µ & - , , , ,
, µ . . µ , . ,
, . 2. µ µ µ ,
µ . µ. 1,9 ., µ . . 0,6 . ( . 5 ).
34
. , , .
. 0,09 µ., . 0,045 µ., . µ . . . 0,005-0.0075 µ. ( , ). 4 . . .
, .
µ µ µ , µ
µ .3 µ µ 4.
µ µ , , µ .
µ µµ µµ , . µ µ µ
5 µ µ , µ µ ( . 3).
µ 6 µ µ , 13 µ µ
5 . . .,7 µ µ 4 . . ., µ µ µ µ µ
µ .8 µ µ µ ,
3. . µ .
µ , µ .
µ . µ .
4. . LGPN I-IV s.v. 5. µ
. , µ µ . 6. µ
µ , µ µ . .
µ ( & ), , µ
. 7. . 0,022 0,091µ. . R. A. Higgins, Catalogue of the
Terracottas in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities British Museum, London 1954 D. M. Robinson, Excavations at Olynthus, Part XIV. Terracottas, Lamps, and Coins Found in 1934 and 1938, Baltimore 1952. . Schmaltz, Terracotten aus dem Kabirenheiligtum bei Theben, Berlin 1974 E. Schmidt, Katalog der antiken Terrakotten. Teil I. Die figürlichen Terrakotten, Mainz 1994.
8. . 0,062 µ., 0,05µ., 0,043 µ. .
µ
35
( . 4 ),9 ( . 4 )10 µ 5 . . . µ ,
6 . . .,11 µ µ µ µ , µ µ µ
, µ µ , µ µ ( . 4 ). µ 4
. . .12 , 13 ( µ 5 . . .).
µ 190 µ , µ µ µ µ µ , µ .
µ µ µ . µ µ µ .
µ µ µ µ ( . 5 )14 µ µ µ , µ µ µ
( . 5 ),15 5 . . .,16 ,17 4 . . . ( . 5 ). µ µ
µ µ µ µ 18 µ 5 . . . µ µ
µ µ , µ ( . 5 ).
51 ,19 11 µ µ ( . 5 ). µ ,
µ , µ µ µ µ µ µ .20
µ 6 4 . . .
9. . . : 0,065 µ.
, . R. A. Higgins, . , ( µ. 7), . 133 . 937. 10. . : 0,066 µ. . R. A. Higgins, . . ( µ. 7), . 115 .
838. 11. . R. A. Higgins, . . ( µ. 7), . 51 . 321. 12. . 0,058 µ., 0,081 µ., 0,054 µ., 0,064 µ. 0,072 µ. . 13. . µ : 0,071 µ. 14. µ µ µµ ,
µ . µ µ µ . µ. : 0,029 µ., µ. : 0,014 µ. 15. µ. : 0,035 µ., . 0,028 µ. 16. µ µ
. 17. , µ . µ. : 0,032 µ. µ.
: 0,033 µ., µ. µ : 0,045 µ. µ µ µ µ .
18. . : 0,052 µ. µ µ µ µ . µ . µ , . D. M. Robinson, . . ( µ. 7), .
106 . 355. 19. µ . 20. ( &
) .
36
µ µ µ µ 5 . . . µ µ ,
µ , .
µ µ , µ µ . µ ,
, . µ µ µ
µ . µ µ µ .21 µ , , µ , µ
µ µ µ , · « » ,22
, « µ » « µ », « », ,
.23 µ µ , 1300 µ. 900 µ. , .
µ , µ
. µ µ
µ µ . µ 5 4 . . . ,
µ µ ,24
21. µ µ µ . 22. A. Pasquier, Pan et les Nymphes à l�’antre corycien, Études delphiques, BCH Suppl. 4 (1977)
365-387· L'antre corycien II, BCH Suppl. 9 (1984). 23. , µ , 50 (1995), , 832-834 (SEG
49, 517). , �“ �” , �’ , , 4-8 µ 1996, 2000, 404-431. µ - , µ
, , , 9-12 µ 2000, 2008, 445-472. µ , : µ , . ., µ
2012. Vivi Vasilopoulou, Prehistoric Use and Ancient Ritual Worship at the Cave of Agia Triada on Helicon, J. Jensen, F. Mavridis (eds.), Stable Places and Changing Perceptions: Cave Archaeology in Greece and Adjacent Areas, Athens 2013 ( ), Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens. . Margherita Bonanno- , µ µ
, VI, µ , 15-19 1996, 1999, . 1, 174.
24. µ | , µ , . , . . ( µ. 23 �“
�”) 406· A - , , . .
µ
37
µ µ ,25 (9,34.4). , µ µ µ
µ . , µ µ
µ µ , µ
µ , µ , . ,
, µ .
µ ( , , µ ) .26
( µ.), . , 2008, 33, 35· Bull. Épigr. 2009,
255· SEG 58, 438. , µ µ , . , . . ( µ. 23 �“ �”) 409, . 5
(Bull. Épigr. 2009, 255) µ µ [ - -] [- -] , .
µ - , . . ( µ. 23) 454, . 30 D. Knoepfler, Bull. Épigr. 2010, 285: [ ] [c. 6-7- litt., e.g. ]
. 25. [ ] < > . [- -] µ
µ , . , . . ( µ. 23 �“ �”) 411 . 8, 422 . 8 ( )· , . . ( µ. 23
µ ), 834 ( )· Margherita Bonano- , , . . , . . ( µ. 24) 264 . 433· D. Knoepfler, Bull. Épigr. 2009,
255: [ ] ( ) F (SEG 58, 438). [ ] µ , . , . . ( µ. 23 µ
), . 255 · SEG 49, 517. 26. . Z , µ , 1977, 5-9, J. M. Wickens, The
Archaeology and History of Cave Use in Attica, Greece from Prehistoric through Late Roman Times, Indiana University 1986, N. Pierce, The Archaeology of Sacred Caves in Attica, Greece, Ontario 2006.
38
. 1. µ µ , .
. 2. µ µ , 4 . . .
µ
39
. 3. µ ( µ , µ µ , )
. 4. µ µ µ ( , ), µ ( , ), µ µ ( )
( ). T 6 - 4 . . .
40
. 5. µ µ ( ), ( ), µ µ ( ), ( ), ( ), µ µ µ ( ). 5 - 4
. . .
