Participants: William Maley, Michael Ryals, and Austin Girod
Instructor: Dr. Mohammad Saadeh
Advisor: R. Edward Rode’
Abstract
This semester we are completing the tasks that we agreed too last semester these include the prebuilding design, construction materials, the zoning, and building codes, finding possible locations, and LEED investigation. But, this semester we have also added design of footings and slabs, steel design where applicable, design of retention pond, completion of working drawings, estimation of materials needed, take off for building, and schedule for construction process. Along with these task we will also be working with the theatre department to design and construct props and stage designs. These task build upon the work we completed last semester and allow us to go more in-depth with our project and allow us to complete many vital parts of the construction process.
Table of Contents
Abstract Page 2
Pre-Building Design Page 5-10
Working Drawings Page 12
Retainage Pond Page 13
Estimation of Materials Needed Take Off for Building Page 33
Possible Site Locations Page 37-40
Scheduling Page 39-40
Figure 3: Ceiling Joist Plan Page 6
Figure 4: Reinforced Concrete Foundation Page 9
Figure 5: Steel Columns Page 9
Figure 6: Steel Joist Page 9
Figure 7: Metal Studs Page 10
Figure 8: Porous Concrete Parking Lot Page 10
Figure 9: Gypsum Board Walls Page 10
Figure 10: Gypsum Board Ceilings Page 10
Figure 11: Architectural Asphalt Roof Page 11
Figure 12: Cut Stone Page 11
Figure 13: Future Stained Glass Page 11
Figure 14: Face Brick Page 12
Figure 15: Location 1 Page 38
Figure 16: Location 2 Page 38
Figure 17: Location 3 Page 39
Figure 18: Loan Information Page 42
Pre-Building Design
Preliminary Design:
We were approached by an individual to construct a church in Hammond, Louisiana. We were given a large amount of design freedom by this individual so we opted for a very simplistic design. The church is 83’-4” by 55’-10” which, gives it an area of 4654 ft2. We came up with the preliminary design by using AutoCAD Architectural 2019. The building is the shape of a rectangle which, makes construction and preparation of the site simple. It has 11 rooms including the main worship room and 2 corridors that run along the west and south sides of the building. Along with the general design we have also included detailed drawings of the foundation plan and the footings that we will use. In addition, the rafter and ceiling joist plans are also included along with the foundational plans. We have determined that the building will have an occupancy of 250 and it will have 7 entry and exit points. The chapel will be the largest room in the church since this is where the occupants will be gathering. It will have an area of around 1430 ft2 and have multiple windows from the ceiling down to a few feet from the floor. Figure 1 below shows the preliminary drawing of the church with the overall measurements of the church. Figure 2 shows the foundational drawings and figure 3 shows the rafters and ceiling joist.
The method we have selected to construct our church is one that has become popular in the past few years and this is an all-steel construction. This method has many distinct advantages as compared to standard wooden structures. It can be assembled very quickly with less manpower than if you were to construct this church out of wood and also it will have a much longer service life too. With the premade trusses, columns, and beams this structure could be erected in less than 6 months from the time the slab is cured and the pieces have been manufactured.
List of Rooms:
Pastors Office
Description of Materials:
Reinforced Concrete Foundation:
We have chosen to utilize a 5,000 Psi reinforced concrete post-tension slab because of its a cost-effective solution. It also has exceptionally good strength and can handle the large amounts of live and dead loads the slab will be subjected to. (See Figure 4). In the figures above we showed the foundational plan and footings plan. These footings will be strong enough to hold the dead and live loads our building will be subjected too. Again we chose 5,000 Psi concrete for the footings and this will be reinforced by rebar and the slab will have expanded metal sheets tied together to offer more structural support. The foundation will be built on top of a six-inch layer of unwashed gravel. This is for proper compaction and to aid in the strength of the subsoil.
Steel Columns:
Steel columns will be utilized in the construction of this building for their strength and the speed at which they can be erected into a functioning structure. Through the life of this structure, the columns will also provide more reliable support and an increased life span. The columns will directly tie into the footings of the building through anchor bolts. Where the columns attach to the footing it will be slightly larger and deeper because of the concentrated load that will be applied at each anchor point. The steel columns and girders that are designed to fit into the church were designed using SAP2000 to model the basic shape and to let all of the loads be calculated. Then the Steel Manual will be used to find the correct members to fill in the sections of the joist and column
(See Figure 3)
Steel Joist:
Steel joist is used in the construction of buildings with metal frames because they are lightweight and extremely strong. They also allow for a suspended ceiling to be installed or the contractors can opt to leave the ceiling exposed. They are prefabricated and shipped to the construction site so installation is as simple as moving the pieces to their desired locations and dropping them into place. We plan to use steel joist for the roof around the chapel but, in the chapel, we will utilize 1’-6” laminated beams premade into trusses. The use of these steel trusses will allow us to construct the building in less time and allow us to use a flat asphalt roof. The joist is made of single angles. The open webs joist in SAP2000 shows the forces and shows the maximum compression and tension for the members.
(See Figure 4)
Metal Studs:
Metal studs are very similar to wood studs in the construction and design aspects. But, they have a distinct advantage over wood studs. They are often coated with a zinc coating to prevent rust and these coatings last much longer than wood studs can. They are also much stronger and can be prefabricated to allow for quick and easy installation. Although this will raise the cost of the project some we see this as a small price to pay to ensure the overall strength and longevity of the structure.
(See Figure 5)
Porous Concrete Parking Lot:
Porous concrete is an amazing innovation that not only protects our environment from contaminants and runoff from vehicles but also gives the parish points. These points go toward lowering the flood insurance cost. Our parking lot takes up 51,000 ft2. It is located on the south end of our lot and directly to the northeast is the structure. Adjacent to the structure is our retaining pond. This retaining pond will be large enough and deep enough to withstand average rainfall accumulation for Hammond, Louisiana, and will also have an emergency overflow that allows the water to drain from the pond into a nearby waterway. The concrete will be sitting on top of 6 inches of washed limestone that will allow water to pass through without blocking it. There will also be a geotechnical fabric that is laid out under the rocks to keep the soil from seeping up into the gravel and impeding the flow. The parking lot grades slightly 1 inch over 50 feet to the lake. This is ideal because it will allow the water to be filtered by the gravel which, is more environmentally friendly than just storm drains.
(See Figure 6)
Gypsum Board Walls:
Also, known as drywall, this material is cheap and also durable with a clean finish when installed correctly. This wall will be utilized where it is needed in the interior of the building. We will not be using it on the interior walls of the chapel or on the border walls of the building because these will be concrete blocks. Gypsum not only provides a clean-finished appearance but, it also insulates and provides more sound deadening.
(See Figure 7)
Gypsum Board Ceiling:
Similar to the drywall that will be used for the walls in the structure. The gypsum board ceilings are a cost-effective and efficient solution. This will be utilized in the office areas and rooms adjacent to the main chapel. The main chapel will have exposed beam ceilings and will utilize the gypsum board ceiling in between the beams. Gyp. Board is a fantastic alternative to other ceiling tiles and provides good insulation and fast repairs if damaged.
(See Figure 8)
Architectural Asphalt Roof:
This type of roof is beneficial for flat roofs such as the one utilized by this building. It is beneficial because it is relatively few layers that have to be applied keeping the weight down while still being an excellent way to repel rain. It also offers easy maintenance and easy access to the whole roof. Asphalt roofs also have a long service life. These types of roofs have become commonplace in commercial applications. We will utilize an asphalt shingle roof for the chapel with three-tab shingles over #4 felt and ½” OSB plywood.
(See Figure 9)
Cut Stone:
Cut stone will cover some of the outside faces of the building with higher traffic. This is because of its appeal to the eye with natural stone roughness but, still remaining semi-symmetrical to give a clean outer façade. This stone is not a structural component and will be attached to the cement block walls on the South face of the chapel and Eastside.
(See Figure 10)
Future Stained Glass:
Future stained glass is going to be used to add contrast to the relatively uniform colors of the outside of the church. We have been considering putting in a large stained glass window with an inlaid cross in the entryway. This will utilize most of the future stained glass that will be installed on the structure. (See Figure 11)
Face Brick:
Face brick is a brick that has multiple advantages; it increases efficiency, looks, is a structural component, and the overall value of the building. We plan to use face brick as much as possible on the outside of the building. This will include the Northside of the building along with the Westside. This brick is often used on commercial applications because of its ruggedness and also its ease of cleaning and maintenance.
(See Figure 12)
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Figure 8:
Figure 9/10:
Figure 11:
Figure 12:
Figure 13:
Figure 14:
Working Drawings
Working Drawings:
These drawings include all of the necessary components that a contractor would need to construct the building. This would be the mechanical, electrical, structural, and civil sections of the drawings. These drawings will also allow us to accurately complete the materials take-off and estimations necessary to plan the construction process. We have completed much of the necessary components of the working drawings last semester but, the mechanical and civil sections still need to be completed before this task is done. The working drawings have sectional cut-outs of each one of the members we designed. This includes the foundation, structural, and superimposed drawings.
Design of Footings and Slabs
Design of Footings:
The design of footings is a very in-depth process involving finding the loads per sqft on each wall and determining the highest load for the structure. After finding the induvial weights of the building materials needed and adding them together you take this number and use it as your dead load. The dead load is mostly the weight of the building and objects that will not be moved in the life span of the building. After the dead load is considered, the next step is to have a geotechnical survey done to determine the properties of the soil mechanics and also the bearing weight of the soil. This is a vital part of the design phase because without this information the footing could either be too small and fail or could be designed too large and waste money unnecessarily. But, once the geotechnical survey is taken into consideration the footing can be determined through a few simple calculations. We were able to take the footings that were supplied to us in the drawing and reengineer footings that will work with our design. This was done by using the equations from the class soils and foundations that Dr. Zeidan teaches. The equation we used was the Terzaghi equation. This equation takes into account the amount of force that it takes to cause the ground to slip and fail to push up and out away from the footing or slab and causing it to tip over.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Slab:
The design of a reinforced concrete slab is very similar to the design of the footing except that there will be a dead load and a live load. The thickness of the slab will be determined by the footings and the bearing capacity of the soil. We plan to use a post-tensioned concrete slab which, means that after the construction process and the slab is cured there are cables running horizontally and vertically that will be pneumatically tightened compressing the slab and keeping it from being exposed to tension. The benefits of this are that if some sag happens in the soil the cables will actually keep the concrete from sagging or cracking. It will also extend the life of the slab exponentially. The slab will have a six-inch backfill of the subbase. This sub base will consist of #57 gravel and will be compacted will a vibratory packer. This will give our slab a sturdy foundation to be poured on and it will alow shrinkage and expansion without causing failure.
Design of Retention Pond
Retention Ponds:
The purpose of these retention ponds is to capture rainwater that would otherwise propagate on the surface of the soil for long periods of time and moving it into a holding area. Our retention pond will be filled by the land surrounding it this includes the parking lot, church, and area surrounding the church. Once we have determined the area of the lot we can determine the depth of the pond and also where we need to position it. Before the pond reaches a level where it overflows we will install an overflow that will allow the pond to relieve some of the water that has been contained in it without doing potential harm to our structure or foundation. The retention pond also has to be 30 feet from any boundary lines so the shape had to be changed and made much longer East to West. It will be 8 feet deep and will have a slope of 6 inches per foot. The water level will be around 3 feet standard level. When full of rainwater there is a drain that drains into the city stormwater drainage system. It is located on the west side of the pond.
Building Codes and Zoning
Classification of Building Codes:
These classifications will come from the hierarchy of building codes which is; International, National, State, Parish, and City. We will examine these codes from their respective divisions and design our building within specifications. This is a very integral part of our design process to make sure that the owners and inhabitants of the building are safe and happy.
Zoning Codes:
Land Usage
Flood Zones
Commercial Zoning
Zoning:
Our structure is considered commercial so we will have to find land that is zoned for commercial use. We will also take into consideration the flood history of the area and the possible flood zones and codes. These will help us make the most responsible decision and use of our clients’ money and time.
International Building Codes (IBC):
· Electrical
· 2701.1 Scope. This chapter governs the electrical components, equipment and systems used in buildings and structures covered by this code. Electrical components, equipment and systems shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 70
· 2702.1 Installation. Emergency and standby power systems required by this code or the International Fire Code shall be installed in accordance with this code, NFPA 110 and 111
· 2702.2 Where required Emergency and standby power systems shall be provided where required by Sections 2702.2.1 through 2702.20
· 2702.2.3 Exit Signs. Emergency power shall be provided for exit signs in accordance with section 1011.6.3
· 2702.2.4 Means of egress illumination. Emergency power shall be provided for means f egress illumination in accordance with section 1006.3
· 2702.3 Maintenance. Emergency and standby power systems shall be maintained and tested in accordance with the International Fire Code.
· Building
· 501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter control the height and area of structures hereafter erected and additions to existing structures. [F] 501.2 Address identification. New and existing buildings shall be provided with approved address numbers or letters. Each character shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height and not less than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in width. They shall be installed on a contrasting background and be plainly visible from the street or road fronting the property. When required by the fire code official, address numbers shall be provided in additional approved locations to facilitate emergency response. Where access is by means of a private road and the building address cannot be viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or other approved sign or means shall be used to identify the structure. Address numbers shall be maintained.
· 503.1 General. The building height and area shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 503 based on the type of construction as determined by Section 602 and the occupancies as determined by Section 302 except as modified hereafter. Each portion of a building separated by one or more fire walls complying with Section 706 shall be considered to be a separate building.
· 504.1 General. The building height permitted by Table 503 shall be increased in accordance with Sections 504.2 and 504.3.
· 504.2 Automatic sprinkler system increase. Where a building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the value specified in Table 503 for maximum building height is increased by 20 feet (6096 mm) and the maximum number of stories is increased by one. These increases are permitted in addition to the building area increase in accordance with Sections 506.2 and 506.3. For Group R buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2, the value specified in Table 503 for maximum building height is increased by 20 feet (6096 mm) and the maximum number of stories is increased by one, but shall not exceed 60 feet (18 288 mm) or four stories, respectively.
· 506.1 General. The building areas limited by Table 503 shall be permitted to be increased due to frontage (If) and automatic sprinkler system protection (Is) in accordance with Equation 5-1: Aa = {At + [At × If] + [At × Is]} (Equation 5-1) where: Aa = Allowable building area per story (square feet). At = Tabular building area per story in accordance with Table 503 (square feet). If = Area increase factor due to frontage as calculated in accordance with Section 506.2. Is = Area increase factor due to sprinkler protection as calculated in accordance with Section 506.3.
· 506.2 Frontage increase. Every building shall adjoin or have access to a public way to receive a building area increase for frontage. Where a building has more than 25 percent of its perimeter on a public way or open space having a width of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm), the frontage increase shall be determined in accordance with Equation 5-2: If = [F/P - 0.25]W/30 (Equation 5-2) where: If = Area increase due to frontage. F = Building perimeter that fronts on a public way or open space having 20 feet (6096 mm) open minimum width (feet). P = Perimeter of entire building (feet). W = Width of public way or open space (feet) in accordance with Section 506.2.1.
· 506.2.1 Width limits. To apply this section the value of W shall be not less than 20 feet (6096 mm). Where the value of W varies along the perimeter of the building, the calculation performed in accordance with Equation 5-2 shall be based on the weighted average calculated in accordance with Equation 5-3 for portions of the exterior perimeter walls where the value of W is greater than or equal to 20 feet (6096 mm). Where the value of W is greater than 30 feet (9144 mm), a value of 30 feet (9144 mm) shall be used in calculating the weighted average, regardless of the actual width of the open space. W shall be measured perpendicular from the face of the building to the closest interior lot line. Where the building fronts on a public way, the entire width of the public way shall be used. Where two or more buildings are on the same lot, W shall be measured from the exterior face of each building to the opposing exterior face of each adjacent building, as applicable. Weighted average W = (L1 × w1 + L2 × w2 + L3 × w3…)/F. (Equation 5-3) where: Ln = Length of a portion of the exterior perimeter wall. wn = Width of open space associated with that portion of the exterior perimeter wall. F = Building perimeter that fronts on a public way or open space having a width of 20 feet (6096 mm) or more.
· 506.2.2 Open space limits. Such open space shall be either on the same lot or dedicated for public use and shall be accessed from a street or approved fire lane.
· 506.3 Automatic sprinkler system increase. Where a building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the building area limitation in Table 503 is permitted to be increased by an additional 200 percent (Is = 2) for buildings with more than one story above grade plane and an additional 300 percent (Is = 3) for buildings with no more than one story above grade plane. These increases are permitted in addition to the height and story increases in accordance with Section 504.2.
· 506.2.2 Open space limits. Such open space shall be either on the same lot or dedicated for public use and shall be accessed from a street or approved fire lane. 506.3 Automatic sprinkler system increase. Where a building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the building area limitation in Table 503 is permitted to be increased by an additional 200 percent (Is = 2) for buildings with more than one story above grade plane and an additional 300 percent (Is = 3) for buildings with no more than one story above grade plane. These increases are permitted in addition to the height and story increases in accordance with Section 504.2.
· 507.3.1 Mixed occupancy buildings with Groups A-1 and A-2. Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies of other than Type V construction shall be permitted within mixed occupancy buildings of unlimited area complying with Section 507.3, provided:
· 1. Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies are separated from other occupancies as required for separated occupancies in Section 508.4.4 with no reduction allowed in the fire-resistance rating of the separation based upon the installation of an automatic sprinkler system;
· 2. Each area of the portions of the building used for Group A-1 or A-2 occupancies shall not exceed the maximum allowable area permitted for such occupancies in Section 503.1; and
· 3. Exit doors from Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies shall discharge directly to the exterior of the building.
· 507.5 Reduced open space. The public ways or yards of 60 feet (18 288 mm) in width required in Sections 507.2, 507.3, 507.4, 507.6 and 507.11 shall be permitted to be reduced to not less than 40 feet (12 192 mm) in width provided all of the following requirements are met:
· 1. The reduced width shall not be allowed for more than 75 percent of the perimeter of the building.
· 2. The exterior walls facing the reduced width shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 3 hours.
· 3. Openings in the exterior walls facing the reduced width shall have opening protectives with a fire protection rating of not less than 3 hours.
· Plumbing (Chapter 29)
· [P] 2901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter and the International Plumbing Code shall govern the erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing equipment and systems. Toilet and bathing rooms shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1210. Plumbing systems and equipment shall be constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with the International Plumbing Code. Private sewage disposal systems shall conform to the International Private Sewage Disposal Code.
· [P] 2902.1 Minimum number of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the minimum number shown in Table 2902.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 2902.1 shall be considered individually by the building official. The number of occupants shall be determined by this code. Occupancy classification shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 3.
· [P] 2902.1.1 Fixture calculations. To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total occupant load shall be divided in half. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 2902.1. Fractional numbers resulting from applying the fixture ratios of Table 2902.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to the next whole number.
· Exception: The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved statistical data indicate a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
· [P] 2902.1.2 Family or assisted-use toilet and bath fixtures. Fixtures located within family or assisted-use toilet and bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 are permitted to be included in the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
· [P] 2902.2 Separate facilities. Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each sex.
· Exceptions:
· 1. Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
· 2. Separate facilities shall not be required in structures or tenant spaces with a total occupant load, including both employees and customers, of 15 or less.
· 3. Separate facilities shall not be required in mercantile occupancies in which the maximum occupant load is 100 or less.
· [P] 2902.2.1 Family or assisted-use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. Where a building or tenant space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, two family/assisted-use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or assisted-use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exclusive use by either sex as required by Section 2902.4.
· [P] 2902.4 Signage. Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex. Signs shall be readily visible and located near the entrance to each toilet facility. Signs for accessible toilet facilities shall comply with Section 1110.
· [P] 2902.4.1 Directional signage. Directional signage indicating the route to the public facilities shall be posted in accordance with Section 3107. Such signage shall be located in a corridor or aisle, at the entrance to the facilities for customers and visitors.
· [P] 2902.5 Drinking fountain location. Drinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces provided that public drinking fountains are located within a travel distance of 500 feet of the most remote location in the tenant space and not more than one story above or below the tenant space. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such distance shall not exceed 300 feet. Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
· Mechanical
· 2801.1 Scope. Mechanical appliances, equipment and systems shall be constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with the International Mechanical Code and the International Fuel Gas Code. Masonry chimneys, fireplaces and barbecues shall comply with the International Mechanical Code and Chapter 21 of this code.
· Fire
· 901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall specify where fire protection systems are required and shall apply to the design, installation and operation of fire protection systems.
· 901.2 Fire protection systems. Fire protection systems shall be installed, repaired, operated and maintained in accordance with this code and the International Fire Code. Any fire protection system for which an exception or reduction to the provisions of this code has been granted shall be considered to be a required system.
· Exception: Any fire protection system or portion thereof not required by this code shall be permitted to be installed for partial or complete protection provided that such system meets the requirements of this code.
· 901.3 Modifications. No person shall remove or modify any fire protection system installed or maintained under the provisions of this code or the International Fire Code without approval by the building official.
· 901.4 Threads. Threads provided for fire department connections to sprinkler systems, standpipes, yard hydrants or any other fire hose connection shall be compatible with the connections used by the local fire department.
· 901.5 Acceptance tests. Fire protection systems shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of this code and the International Fire Code. When required, the tests shall be conducted in the presence of the building official. Tests required by this code, the International Fire Code and the standards listed in this code shall be conducted at the expense of the owner or the owner's representative. It shall be unlawful to occupy portions of a structure until the required fire protection systems within that portion of the structure have been tested and approved.
· 901.6 Supervisory service. Where required, fire protection systems shall be monitored by an approved supervising station in accordance with NFPA 72.
· 901.6.1 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be monitored by an approved supervising station.
· Exceptions:
· 1. A supervising station is not required for automatic sprinkler systems protecting one- and twofamily dwellings.
· 2. Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprinklers.
· 901.6.2 Fire alarm systems. Fire alarm systems required by the provisions of Section 907.2 of this code and Sections 907.2 and 907.9 of the International Fire Code shallbe monitored by an approved supervising station in accordance with Section 907.6.5.
· Exceptions:
· 1. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms required by Section 907.2.11.
· 2. Smoke detectors in Group I-3 occupancies.
· 3. Supervisory service is not required for automatic sprinkler systems in one- and two-family dwellings.
· 901.7 Fire areas. Where buildings, or portions thereof, are divided into fire areas so as not to exceed the limits established for requiring a fire protection system in accordance with this chapter, such fire areas shall be separated by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both, having a fire-resistance rating of not less than that determined in accordance with Section 707.3.10.
· [F] 901.8 Pump and riser room size. Fire pump and automatic sprinkler system riser rooms shall be designed with adequate space for all equipment necessary for the installation, as defined by the manufacturer, with sufficient working room around the stationary equipment. Clearances around equipment to elements of permanent construction, including other installed equipment and appliances, shall be sufficient to allow inspection, service, repair or replacement without removing such elements of permanent construction or disabling the function of a required fire-resistance-rated assembly. Fire pump and automatic sprinkler system riser rooms shall be provided with a door(s) and unobstructed passageway large enough to allow removal of the largest piece of equipment.
· [F] 903.1 General. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with this section.
· [F] 903.1.1 Alternative protection. Alternative automatic fire-extinguishing systems complying with Section 904 shall be permitted in lieu of automatic sprinkler protection where recognized by the applicable standard and approved by the fire code official.
· [F] 903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.12.
· [F] 903.2.1 Group A. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings and portions thereof used as Group A occupancies as provided in this section. For Group A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4 occupancies, the automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the floor area where the Group A-1, A-2, A-3 or A-4 occupancy is located, and in all floors from the Group A occupancy to, and including, the nearest level of exit discharge serving the Group A occupancy. For Group A-5 occupancies, the automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in the spaces indicated in Section 903.2.1.5.
· [F] 903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-3 occupancies where one of the following conditions exists:
· 1. The fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115 m2);
· 2. The fire area has an occupant load of 300 or more; or
· 3. The fire area is located on a floor other than a level of exit discharge serving such occupancies.
· [F] 903.3 Installation requirements. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 903.3.1 through 903.3.6.
· [F] 903.3.1 Standards. Sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 unless otherwise permitted by Sections 903.3.1.2 and 903.3.1.3 and other chapters of this code, as applicable.
· [F] 903.3.4 Actuation. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be automatically actuated unless specifically provided for in this code.
· [F] 903.3.5 Water supplies. Water supplies for automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with this section and the standards referenced in Section 903.3.1. The potable water supply shall be protected against backflow in accordance with the requirements of this section and the International Plumbing Code.
· [F] 903.3.5.2 Secondary water supply. An automatic secondary on-site water supply having a capacity not less than the hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand, including the hose stream requirement, shall be provided for high-rise buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F as determined by the International Building Code. An additional fire pump shall not be required for the secondary water supply unless needed to provide the minimum design intake pressure at the suction side of the fire pump supplying the automatic sprinkler system. The secondary water supply shall have a duration of not less than 30 minutes
· as determined by the occupancy hazard classification in accordance with NFPA 13.
· [F] 903.4 Sprinkler system supervision and alarms. All valves controlling the water supply for automatic sprinkler systems, pumps, tanks, water levels and temperatures, critical air pressures and waterflow switches on all sprinkler systems shall be electrically supervised by a listed fire alarm control unit.
· Exceptions:
· 1. Automatic sprinkler systems protecting one- and two-family dwellings.
· 2. Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprinklers.
· 3. Automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with NFPA 13R where a common supply main is used to supply both domestic water and the automatic sprinkler system, and a separate shutoff valve for the automatic sprinkler system is not provided.
· 4. Jockey pump control valves that are sealed or locked in the open position.
· 5. Control valves to commercial kitchen hoods, paint spray booths or dip tanks that are sealed or locked in the open position.
· 6. Valves controlling the fuel supply to fire pump engines that are sealed or locked in the open position.
· 7. Trim valves to pressure switches in dry, preaction and deluge sprinkler systems that are sealed or locked in the open position.
· [F] 903.4.1 Monitoring. Alarm, supervisory and trouble signals shall be distinctly different and shall be automatically transmitted to an approved supervising station or, when approved by the fire code official, shall sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location.
· Exceptions:
· 1. Underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes provided by the municipality or public utility are not required to be monitored.
· 2. Backflow prevention device test valves located in limited area sprinkler system supply piping shall be locked in the open position.In occupancies required to be equipped with a fire alarm system, the backflow preventer valves shall be electrically supervised by a tamper switch installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and separately annunciated.
· [F] 903.4.2 Alarms. An approved audible device, located on the exterior of the building in an approved location, shall be connected to each automatic sprinkler system. Such sprinkler water-flow alarm devices shall be activated by water flow equivalent to the flow of a single sprinkler of the smallest orifice size installed in the system. Where a fire alarm system is installed, actuation of the automatic sprinkler system shall actuate the building fire alarm system.
· [F] 904.1 General. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall be designed, installed, inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section and the applicable referenced standards.
· [F] 904.2 Where required. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems installed as an alternative to the required automatic sprinkler systems of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code official. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed by other requirements of this code.
· [F] 904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with this section.
· [F] 904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with NFPA 70.
· [F] 904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.11.1. Where more than one hazard could be simultaneously involved in fire due to their proximity, all hazards shall be protected by a single system designed to protect all hazards that could become involved.
· Exception: Multiple systems shall be permitted to be installed if they are designed to operate simultaneously.
· [F] 904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment interlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers, window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents and other features necessary for proper operation of the fire-extinguishing system shall be provided as required by the design and installation standard utilized for the hazard.
· [F] 904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms are required to indicate the operation of automatic fire-extinguishing systems, distinctive audible and visible alarms and warning signs shall be provided to warn of pending agent discharge. Where exposure to automatic-extinguishing agents poses a hazard to persons and a delay is required to ensure the evacuation of occupants before agent discharge, a separate warning signal shall be provided to alert occupants once agent discharge has begun. Audible signals shall be in accordance with Section 907.5.2.
· [F] 904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system is installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be monitored by the building fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72.
· [F] 904.4 Inspection and testing. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the provisions of this section prior to acceptance.
· [F] 904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptance tests, the following items shall be inspected:
· 1. Hazard specification for consistency with design hazard.
· 2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and manual-initiating devices.
· 3. Size, placement and position of nozzles or discharge orifices.
· 4. Location and identification of audible and visible alarm devices.
· 5. Identification of devices with proper designations.
· 6. Operating instructions.
· [F] 904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification appliances, connections to fire alarm systems and connections to approved supervising stations shall be tested in accordance with this section and Section 907 to verify proper operation.
· [F] 904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibility and visibility of notification appliances signaling agent discharge or system operation, where required, shall be verified.
· [F] 904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to protected premises and supervising station fire alarm systems shall be tested to verify proper identification and retransmission of alarms from automatic fire-extinguishing systems.
· [F] 906.1 Where required. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in the following locations.
· 1. In Group A, B, E, F, H, I, M, R-1, R-2, R-4 and S occupancies.
· Exception: In Group R-2 occupancies, portable fire extinguishers shall be required only in locations specified in Items 2 through 6 where each dwelling unit is provided with a portable fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 1-A:10-B:C.
· 2. Within 30 feet (9144 mm) of commercial cooking equipment.
· 3. In areas where flammable or combustible liquids are stored, used or dispensed.
· 4. On each floor of structures under construction, except Group R-3 occupancies, in accordance with Section 3315.1 of the International Fire Code.
· 5. Where required by the International Fire Code sections indicated in Table 906.1.
· 6. Special-hazard areas, including but not limited to laboratories, computer rooms and generator rooms, where required by the fire code official.
· [F] 906.3 Size and distribution. The size and distribution of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.3.1 through 906.3.4.
· [F] 906.3.1 Class A fire hazards. The minimum sizes and distribution of portable fire extinguishers for occupancies that involve primarily Class A fire hazards shall comply with Table 906.3(1).
· [F] 906.5 Conspicuous location. Portable fire extinguishers shall be located in conspicuous locations where they will be readily accessible and immediately available for use. These locations shall be along normal paths of travel, unless the fire code official determines that the hazard posed indicates the need for placement away from normal paths of travel.
· [F] 906.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Portable fire extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. In rooms or areas in which visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, means shall be provided to indicate the locations of extinguishers.
· [F] 906.7 Hangers and brackets. Hand-held portable fire extinguishers, not housed in cabinets, shall be installed on the hangers or brackets supplied. Hangers or brackets shall be securely anchored to the mounting surface in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
· [F] 906.8 Cabinets. Cabinets used to house portable fire extinguishers shall not be locked. Exceptions: 1. Where portable fire extinguishers subject to malicious use or damage are provided with a means of ready access. 2. In Group I-3 occupancies and in mental health areas in Group I-2 occupancies, access to portable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be locked or to be located in staff locations provided the staff has keys.
· [F] 906.9 Extinguisher installation. The installation of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.9.1 through 906.9.3.
· [F] 906.9.1 Extinguishers weighing 40 pounds or less. Portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so that their tops are not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor.
· [F] 907.1 General. This section covers the application, installation, performance and maintenance of fire alarm systems and their components.
· [F] 907.1.1 Construction documents. Construction documents for fire alarm systems shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code, the International Fire Code, and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined by the fire code official.
· [F] 907.1.2 Fire alarm shop drawings. Shop drawings for fire alarm systems shall be submitted for review and approval prior to system installation, and shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following:
· `1. A floor plan that indicates the use of all rooms.
· 2. Locations of alarm-initiating devices.
· 3. Locations of alarm notification appliances, including candela ratings for visible alarm notification appliances.
· 4. Location of fire alarm control unit, transponders and notification power supplies.
· 5. Annunciators.
· 9. Voltage drop calculations.
· 10. Manufacturers’ data sheets indicating model numbers and listing information for equipment, devices and materials.
· 11. Details of ceiling height and construction.
· 12. The interface of fire safety control functions.
· 13. Classification of the supervising station.
· [F] 907.1.3 Equipment. Systems and components shall be listed and approved for the purpose for which they are installed.
· [F] 907.2 Where required—new buildings and structures. An approved fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in new buildings and structures in accordance with Sections 907.2.1 through 907.2.23 and provide occupant notification in accordance with Section 907.5, unless other requirements are provided by another section of this code. A minimum of one manual fire alarm box shall be provided in an approved location to initiate a fire alarm signal for fire alarm systems employing automatic fire detectors or waterflow detection devices. Where other sections of this code allow elimination of fire alarm boxes due to sprinklers, a single fire alarm box shall be installed.
· Exceptions:
· 1. The manual fire alarm box is not required for fire alarm systems dedicated to elevator recall control and supervisory service.
· 2. The manual fire alarm box is not required for Group R-2 occupancies unless required by the fire code official to provide a means for fire watch personnel to initiate an alarm during a sprinkler system impairment event. Where provided, the manual fire alarm box shall not be located in an area that is accessible to the public.
· [F] 907.2.1 Group A. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group A occupancies where the occupant load due to the assembly occupancy is 300 or more. Group A occupancies not separated from one another in accordance with Section 707.3.9 shall be considered as a single occupancy for the purposes of applying this section. Portions of Group E occupancies occupied for assembly purposes shall be provided with a fire alarm system as required for the Group E occupancy.
· Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler waterflow.
· [F] 907.3 Fire safety functions. Automatic fire detectors utilized for the purpose of performing fire safety functions shall be connected to the building's fire alarm control unit where a fire alarm system is required by Section 907.2. Detectors shall, upon actuation, perform the intended function and activate the alarm notification appliances or activate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. In buildings not equipped with a fire alarm system, the automatic fire detector shall be powered by normal electrical service and, upon actuation, perform the intended function. The detectors shall be located in accordance with NFPA 72.
· [F] 907.3.1 Duct smoke detectors. Smoke detectors installed in ducts shall be listed for the air velocity, temperature and humidity present in the duct. Duct smoke detectors shall be connected to the building's fire alarm control unit when a fire alarm system is required by Section 907.2. Activation of a duct smoke detector shall initiate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location and shall perform the intended fire safety function in accordance with this code and the International Mechanical Code. Duct smoke detectors shall not be used as a substitute for required open area detection.
· Exceptions:
· 1. The supervisory signal at a constantly attended location is not required where duct smoke detectors activate the building's alarm notification appliances.
· 2. In occupancies not required to be equipped with a fire alarm system, actuation of a smoke detector shall activate a visible and an audible signal in an approved location. Smoke detector trouble conditions shall activate a visible or audible signal in an approved location and shall be identified as air duct detector trouble.
· [F] 907.3.2 Delayed egress locks. Where delayed egress locks are installed on means of egress doors in accordance with Section 1008.1.9.7, an automatic smoke or heat detection system shall be installed as required by that section.
· [F] 907.4 Initiating devices. Where manual or automatic alarm initiation is required as part of a fire alarm system, the initiating devices shall be installed in accordance with Sections 907.4.1 through 907.4.3.1.
· [F] 907.4.1 Protection of fire alarm control unit. In areas that are not continuously occupied, a single smoke detector shall be provided at the location of each fire alarm control unit, notification appliance circuit power extenders, and supervising station transmitting equipment.
· Exception: Where ambient conditions prohibit installation of a smoke detector, a heat detector shall be permitted.
· [F] 907.4.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Where a manual fire alarm system is required by another section of this code, it shall be activated by fire alarm boxes installed in accordance with Sections 907.4.2.1 through 907.4.2.6.
· [F] 907.4.2.1 Location. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be located not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the entrance to each exit. Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be located so that travel distance to the nearest box does not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm).
· [F] 907.4.2.2 Height. The height of the manual fire alarm boxes shall be a minimum of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a maximum of 48 inches (1372 mm) measured vertically, from the floor level to the activating handle or lever of the box.
· [F] 907.4.2.3 Color. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be red in color.
· [F] 907.4.2.4 Signs. Where fire alarm systems are not monitored by a supervising station, an approved permanent sign shall be installed adjacent to each manual fire alarm box that reads: WHEN ALARM SOUNDS CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT.
· Exception: Where the manufacturer has permanently provided this information on the manual fire alarm box.
· [F] 907.4.2.5 Protective covers. The fire code official is authorized to require the installation of listed manual fire alarm box protective covers to prevent malicious false alarms or to provide the manual fire alarm box with protection from physical damage. The protective cover shall be transparent or red in color with a transparent face to permit visibility of the manual fire alarm box. Each cover shall include proper operating instructions. A protective cover that emits a local alarm signal shall not be installed unless approved. Protective covers shall not project more than that permitted by Section 1003.3.3.
· [F] 907.4.2.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be accessible, unobstructed, unobscured and visible at all times.
· [F] 907.4.3 Automatic smoke detection. Where an automatic smoke detection system is required it shall utilize smoke detectors unless ambient conditions prohibit such an installation. In spaces where smoke detectors cannot be utilized due to ambient conditions, approved automatic heat detectors shall be permitted.
· [F] 907.4.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. For conditions other than specific fire safety functions noted in Section 907.3, in areas where ambient conditions prohibit the installation of smoke detectors, an automatic sprinkler system installed in such areas in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and that is connected to the fire alarm system shall be approved as automatic heat detection.
· [F] 907.5 Occupant notification systems. A fire alarm system shall annunciate at the fire alarm control unit and shall initiate occupant notification upon activation, in accordance with Sections 907.5.1 through 907.5.2.3.4. Where a fire alarm system is required by another section of this code, it shall be activated by:
· 1. Automatic fire detectors.
· 3. Manual fire alarm boxes.
· 4. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems.
· Exception: Where notification systems are allowed elsewhere in Section 907 to annunciate at a constantly attended location.
· [F] 907.5.1 Presignal feature. A presignal feature shall not be installed unless approved by the fire code official and the fire department. Where a presignal feature is provided, a signal shall be annunciated at a constantly attended location approved by the fire department, in order that occupant notification can be activated in the event of fire or other emergency.
· [F] 907.5.2 Alarm notification appliances. Alarm notification appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their purpose.
· [F] 907.5.2.1 Audible alarms. Audible alarm notification appliances shall be provided and emit a distinctive sound that is not to be used for any purpose other than that of a fire alarm.
· Exceptions:
· 1. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be allowed in lieu of audible alarm notification appliances in critical care areas of Group I-2 occupancies.
· 2. Where provided, audible notification appliances located in each occupant evacuation elevator lobby in accordance with Section 3008.5.1 shall be connected to a separate notification zone for manual paging only.
· [F] 907.5.2.1.1 Average sound pressure. The audible alarm notification appliances shall provide a sound pressure level of 15 decibels (dBA) above the average ambient sound level or 5 dBA above the maximum sound level having a duration of at least 60 seconds, whichever is greater, in every occupiable space within the building.
· [F] 907.5.2.1.2 Maximum sound pressure. The maximum sound pressure level for audible alarm notification appliances shall be 110 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance. Where the average ambient noise is greater than 95 dBA, visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72 and audible alarm notification appliances shall not be required.
· [F] 907.5.2.2 Emergency voice/alarm communication systems. Emergency voice/alarm communication systems required by this code shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72. The operation of any automatic fire detector, sprinkler waterflow device or manual fire alarm box shall automatically sound an alert tone followed by voice instructions giving approved information and directions for a general or staged evacuation in accordance with the building's fire safety and evacuation plans required by Section 404 of the International Fire Code. In high-rise buildings, the system shall operate on a minimum of the alarming floor, the floor above and the floor below. Speakers shall be provided throughout the building by paging zones. At a minimum, paging zones shall be provided as follows:
· 1. Elevator groups.
· 2. Exit stairways.
· 3. Each floor.
· 4. Areas of refuge as defined in Section 1002.1.
· [F] 907.5.2.2.1 Manual override. A manual override for emergency voice communication shall be provided on a selective and all-call basis for all paging zones.
· [F] 907.5.2.2.2 Live voice messages. The emergency voice/alarm communication system shall also have the capability to broadcast live voice messages by paging zones on a selective and all-call basis.
· [F] 907.5.2.2.3 Alternate uses. The emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be allowed to be used for other announcements, provided the manual fire alarm use takes precedence over any other use.
· [F] 907.5.2.2.4 Emergency voice/alarm communication captions. Where stadiums, arenas and grandstands are required to caption audible public announcements in accordance with Section 1108.2.7.2, the emergency/voice alarm communication system shall also be captioned. Prerecorded or live emergency captions shall be from an approved location constantly attended by personnel trained to respond to an emergency.
· [F] 907.5.2.2.5 Emergency power. Emergency voice/alarm communications systems shall be provided with an approved emergency power source.
· [F] 907.5.2.3 Visible alarms. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.5.2.3.1 through 907.5.2.3.4.
· Exceptions:
· 1. Visible alarm notification appliances are not required in alterations, except where an existing fire alarm system is upgraded or replaced, or a new fire alarm system is installed.
· 2. Visible alarm notification appliances shall not be required in exits as defined in Section 1002.1.
· 3. Visible alarm notification appliances shall not be required in elevator cars.
· [F] 907.5.2.3.1 Public and common areas. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in public areas and common areas.
· [F] 907.6 Installation. A fire alarm system shall be installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 72.
· [F] 907.6.1 Wiring. Wiring shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 70 and NFPA 72. Wireless protection systems utilizing radio-frequency transmitting devices shall comply with the special requirements for supervision of low-power wireless systems in NFPA 72.
· [F] 907.6.2 Power supply. The primary and secondary power supply for the fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72.
· Exception: Back-up power for single-station and multiple-station smoke alarms as required in Section 907.2.11.4.
· [F] 907.6.3 Zones. Each floor shall be zoned separately and a zone shall not exceed 22,500 square feet (2090 m2). The length of any zone shall not exceed 300 feet (91 440 mm) in any direction.
· Exception: Automatic sprinkler system zones shall not exceed the area permitted by NFPA 13.
· [F] 907.6.3.1 Zoning indicator panel. A zoning indicator panel and the associated controls shall be provided in an approved location. The visual zone indication shall lock in until the system is reset and shall not be canceled by the operation of an audiblealarm silencing switch.
· [F] 907.6.3.2 High-rise buildings. In high-rise buildings, a separate zone by floor shall be provided for each of the following types of alarm-initiating devices where provided:
· 1. Smoke detectors.
· 3. Manual fire alarm boxes.
· 4. Other approved types of automatic fire detection devices or suppression systems.
· [F] 907.6.4 Access. Access shall be provided to each fire alarm device and notification appliance for periodic inspection, maintenance and testing.
· [F] 907.6.5 Monitoring. Fire alarm systems required by this chapter or by the International Fire Code shall be monitored by an approved supervising station in accordance with NFPA 72.
· Exception: Monitoring by a supervising station is not required for:
· 1. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms required by Section 907.2.11.
· 2. Smoke detectors in Group I-3 occupancies.
· 3. Automatic sprinkler systems in one- and twofamily dwellings.
· [F] 907.6.5.1 Automatic telephone-dialing devices. Automatic telephone-dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarm shall not be connected to any fire department telephone number unless approved by the fire chief.
· [F] 907.6.5.2 Termination of monitoring service. Termination of fire alarm monitoring services shall be in accordance with Section 901.9 of the International Fire Code.
· [F] 907.7 Acceptance tests and completion. Upon completion of the installation, the fire alarm system and all fire alarm components shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 72.
· [F] 907.7.1 Single- and multiple-station alarm devices. When the installation of the alarm devices is complete, each device and interconnecting wiring for multiple-station alarm devices shall be tested in accordance with the smoke alarm provisions of NFPA 72.
· [F] 907.7.2 Record of completion. A record of completion in accordance with NFPA 72 verifying that the system has been installed and tested in accordance with the approved plans and specifications shall be provided.
· [F] 907.7.3 Instructions. Operating, testing and maintenance instructions and record drawings (“as-builts”) and equipment specifications shall be provided at an approved location.
· [F] 907.8 Inspection, testing and maintenance. The maintenance and testing schedules and procedures for fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with Section 907.8 of the International Fire Code.
· Use and Occupancy Classification
· 302.1 General. Structures or portions of structures shall be classified with respect to occupancy in one or more of the groups listed in this section. A room or space that is intended to be occupied at different times for different purposes shall comply with all of the requirements that are applicable to each of the purposes for which the room or space will be occupied. Structures with multiple occupancies or uses shall comply with section 508. Where a structure is proposed for a purpose that is not specifically provided for in this code, such structure shall be classified in the group that the occupancy most nearly resembles, according to the fire safety and relative hazard involved.303.1 Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting transportation.
· 303.4 Assembly Group A-3. Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A including, but not limited to: Amusement arcades, Art galleries, Bowling alleys, Community halls, Courtrooms, Dance halls (not including food or drink consumption), exhibition halls, funeral parlors, gymnasiums (without spectator seating), Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating), Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating) lecture halls, Libraries, Museums, Places of religious worship, Pool and billiard parlors, Waiting areas in transportation terminals
Louisiana Code Council:
(Amendments made to the IBC made by the council)
· A. International Building Code (IBC), 2015 Edition, not including Chapter 1, Administration, Chapter 11, Accessibility, Chapter 27, Electrical. The applicable standards referenced in that code are included for regulation of construction within this state. Furthermore, IBC shall be amended as follows and shall only apply to the International Building Code.
· Fire
· b. Section 903.2.1.3, Group A-3
· i. Add Item Number (4). Open air pavilions on three sides or more, not exceeding 12,000 square feet, shall not be required to comply with 903.2.1.3(2) where each side has unobstructed access to a public way (10’-0” wide by 10’-0” high). No fixed elements, equipment, seating, etc. are permitted within the 10’-0” by 10’-0” access.
· ii. Exception
· (a). The requirements of Sections 903.2.1.2(1) and 903.2.1.2(2) shall not apply to a single multi-purpose room less than 12,000 sf when all of the following conditions are met.
· (i). The single multi-purpose room shall not be used for display or exhibition.
· (ii). The single multi-purpose room shall not share exit access with other occupancies. Non-separated accessory uses that are incidental or ancillary to the single multi-purpose room shall be considered as part of the assembly occupancy. The accessory uses shall not be limited to 10 percent of the single multi-purpose room floor area and/or building, but shall be included and considered as part of the limited assembly room floor area.
· (iii). The single multi-purpose room shall not be part of a fire area containing other assembly occupancies.
· (iv). A single multi-purpose room with an occupant load greater than 300 persons shall be provided with a fire alarm system in accordance with 907.2.1.
· (v). The single multi-purpose room with its accessory or ancillary uses shall be separated, when part of a multiple occupancy, in accordance with Table 508.4 and Section 707 from the remainder of the building. The single multi- purpose room fire area containing the single multipurpose room and its accessory or ancillary uses shall be less than 12,000 sf.
· (vi). Provide system smoke detection in all areas in accordance with Section 907 throughout the entire building.
· Plumbing Systems
· a. Section 2901, Scope
· i. The provisions of this Chapter and the International Plumbing Code shall govern the erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing equipment and systems. Toilet and bathing rooms shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1210. Plumbing and equipment shall be constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with the International Plumbing Code.
· (a). Delete Private Sewage disposal systems shall conform to the International Private Sewage Disposal Code.
· b. Delete Section 2902. AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 40:1730.22(C) and (D) and 40:1730.26(1). HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of Public Safety and Corrections, State Uniform Construction Code Council, LR 33:291 (February 2007), amended LR 34:93 (January 2008), LR 34:883 (May 2008), LR 34:2205 (October 2008), LR 35:1904 (September 2009), LR 36:2574 (November 2010), effective January 1, 2011, LR 37:601 (February 2011), LR 37:913 (March 2011), repromulgated LR 37:2187 (July 2011), repromulgated LR 37:2726 (September 2011), LR 37:3065 (October 2011), LR 38:1994 (August 2012), amended by the Department of Public Safety and Corrections, Uniform Construction Code Council, LR 39:1825 (July 2013), LR 39:2512 (September 2013), LR 40:2609 (December 2014), amended by the Department of Public Safety and Corrections, Office of the State Fire Marshal, LR 41:2380 (November 2015), amended by the Department of Public Safety and Corrections, Office of the State Fire Marshal, Uniform Construction Code Council, LR 44:000 (January 2018).
Estimation of Materials Needed and Take Off
Estimation Process/Take Off:
The estimation and takeoff portion of our project will give us a general view of how much material we will need and how much it could cost. Some of the items included in a takeoff could include the lumber for the wall studs and base (2x4s), lumber for the ceilings and rafters which could range in size from 2x6s to 2x10s. We will also need to take into fact that we will need some treated lumber for when it is touching the ground or a wall that leads to the outside. Foundation and footing materials including wire mesh, wire chairs, rebar, and concrete. Some other items that are in a construction takeoff are (but not limited to) blots, screws, nails, insulation, windows, and doors.
Concrete
73.5 yd^3
56
Mesh
6" x 6" - #6 #6 Concrete Mesh---- 6' x 6' sheets
126 sheets
Rebar Ties
5 boxes
3 rolls
83' 4"
Granular Fill
73.5 yd^3
#3 x 1'-6" @ 18" o.c. (grease one end) @ all columns
247.5 ft^2
194
10.1 yd^3
36.91 yd^3
3.5 yd^3
1.7 yd^3
5
3
Concrete
.12 yd^3
2 - 5/8" Rebar in Boiler Room footing and 8' walls
13
1
2162 blocks
8 50lb bags
59
2 x 4 x 8 Metal Studs 16" on center
301
26
26
6
Columns
1
Stone
556 ft^2
298.75 ft^2
Face Brick on North and East side walls and Chimney
1258.4 ft^2
145.2 ft^2
35 anchors
At connection from High roof wall to low roof ceiling
72'-5"
219'-3"
4 boxes
Gypsum Board
166
78
Tape
31 sheets
46
287.5 ft
188' 5"
144' 10"
21
T2
10
1,123 ft^2
1,123 ft^2
144'-10"
Fascia
5
F1
12
Bridging
1
9
6
12 WF 27 with L - 4 x 4 x 5/16
1
Lintel 2
8 WF 17 with L- 4 x 3 1/2 x 5/16
2
3
1
6 WF 15.5 1/2 with 11 1/2 x 3/8 plate
2
8 WF 17 with L 4 x 3 x 5/16
1
Glass
5
Glass
6
Glass
6
Sill
38' 6"
1
Mirror
1
Toilets
5 (2 M, 3 W)
Hand Dryer
2( 1 in each)
Stalls
5 (2 M, 3 W)
Baffles
1 2'-10", 1 1"
1
10.1 ft^2
5 boxes
5 boxes
1
2
Nails
· 1.89 Acres
· 1.75 Acres
· 2.76 Acres
· Seller: Keller Williams
· Flood Zone: AE
Explanation of Locations:
We have chosen these locations because they all have multiple access points. Meaning multiple roads that pass on the property lines. This is going to be important with an occupancy of 250 because there will be a large amount of vehicles arriving and leaving at around the same time. These locations all have pros and cons. Over the next few weeks we will narrow these down into one property that we think will be the best and most responsible choice to acquire and build on.
Flood Zones:
All but, one of these locations is in a flood zone. But, two are in good zones that will not have nearly as many potential occurrences of floods. The property that is in a severe flood zone will need to have its elevation raised a considerable amount and this will factor into our decision for the choice of the best location.
Figure 15:
Figure 16:
Figure 17:
SITE SELECTION:
After doing an investigation on all three possible church site locations we decided to go with 2410 West Church St. Hammond, LA 70401. We chose this location because the size of the property was an adequate size for all the project’s needs. The price was also in the proper range for the size in the location. The property is also not in a known flood zone. Although the location is in a non-flood zone, we still recommend flood insurance for the owner because flood zones change all the time. The location is also in a great area of Hammond surrounded by many different stores and restaurants for the members to indulge in after services.
Scheduling
Scheduling:
There are various methods in creating a construction schedule such as, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Visio, Microsoft excel, and even Microsoft Word. With any easy search the manager can find the software that suits them the best. In addition to the different types of software you can use, there are also different methods you can go about using to create the schedule. Some of the schedules include the Gantt chart, flowchart, critical path method, and even just a normal calendar, although not as effective. In the project the Gantt chart seemed the most effective to us because it shows how the project progresses and how the tasks overlap with other tasks to see how many people on each task you need and also how much time for each task to be completed. The Gantt chart is also very easy for any employee, contractor, or client to pick up and understand.
To be able to create the schedule you need to be able to identify what tasks need to be completed and in which order they need to be completed. In our schedule we included the foundation, layout footings, install reinforcement, build block foundation, materials delivered, waterproofing, rough carpentry, set steel, framing, install windows and doors, concrete slabs, HVAC, facilities rough in, roofing, finish exterior work, insulation, drywall, finish floor, paint, exterior landscaping, install hardware, final punch out and the project close out. The schedule is made up with extra time for whenever unforeseen problems will inevitably occur.
LEED Certification
Purpose of LEED:
LEED is a program that was developed to determine and measure the sustainability of a structure. It has become very popular overseas and has risen in popularity in the United States in the past decade. LEED utilizes a rating system to determine how successful the designer and contractors are able to be sustainable in the construction and everyday function of a structure. The sustainability of the structure is important because it lowers the cost over the lifetime of a building and can earn more return on investment.
Benefits of LEED:
There are many benefits to using LEED. Having a LEED certification of any level will automatically give your building recognition, your building has faster lease up rates, your building has a better and healthier indoor space, and it also helps lower your usage of all the resources you use like energy and water. Probably the most important benefit is it is better for building occupants, the community, and the environment. Once you have a LEED certification, you are established as a leader in Green building.
Certification:
Building Design
LEED Zero
LEED Zero:
LEED Zero is a type of certification that LEED gives out when a building has a net zero goals in carbons and resources. LEED Zero with our resources would include having our energy use a balance of zero over a 12-month period, achieving a portable water use balance of zero over 12 months, and having zero waste in waste which would lower our carbon footprint. LEED Zero is looked highly upon and it is the goal of all certified LEED projects around the world.
Key Areas:
Financial Aspects
We looked into the financial aspects of the project and how much it will cost. Also we investigated how the aspects of a loan would work out. We chose to go with the square footage method and multiply our square footage of 4328ft^2 x $175 = $757,400. That number combined with the cost of the land we came out with an estimate of $1,312,400. We looked into what the aspects of a commercial loan would look like and this is what we got.
Figure 18
The interest rate for a commercial loan commonly runs between 4% - 12%. You can pay the monthly note and pay it off in 30 years and accrue all the interest or you can pay the full balloon payment in 5 years and eliminate a lot of the interest.
Reference
LEED green building certification. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://new.usgbc.org/leed .
LEED minimum program requirements. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://new.usgbc.org/minimum-program-requirements-leed
Membership. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://new.usgbc.org/membership .
Omen, A. (2019, April 1). USGBC Embraces Legal Marijuana. Retrieved from https://www.buildinggreen.com/leed .
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