CS 352 Computer Organization & Design Fall 2010 Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you can kick

CS 352CS 352

Computer Organization & DesignFall 2010

Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you can kick.

CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst

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Teaching StaffTeaching Staff

• Professor Dan Ernst – Office Hours:

• Wednesday 1:00pm – 3:00pm• Thursday 9:30am – 11:30am• … or by appointment

– Phillips 139– [email protected]


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Goals of the courseGoals of the course

• To understand how computer systems are organized – Instruction set architecture– Processor microarchitecture– Systems architecture

• To gain skill in evaluating these systems for the purposes of:– making intelligent design decisions– making intelligent programming decisions *new*– making smart purchasing decisions– whatever other purposes you put it to


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Where does CS 352 fit in our curriculum?Where does CS 352 fit in our curriculum?• Software view

– CS 145 245 255– Turning specs into high level language

• Hardware view– CS 278 (optional)– electricity transistors gates functional units

• CS 352 Builds on both of these– How do we take high-level language and actually compute it?– How do we build a computing device? (based on digital logic?)

• Prereqs: CS 255 ( Discrete Structures & Algorithms – Java )


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Grading in 352Grading in 352• Assignments (40% total)

– 3 programming assignments – C++• Purpose is not to teach you how to program

– Design project and paper(These are somewhat subject to change!)

• Three exams (40% total)– 2 midterms + 1 final– Final exam is at least marginally comprehensive

• In-class activities/Quizzes ( ~8 -10 – 20% total)

• Attendance not directly counted towards grade– If you’re not here, you’re still responsible for what comes out of my mouth


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A picture is worth 1000 words…A picture is worth 1000 words…

(or a billion transistors)


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Managing Complexity with AbstractionManaging Complexity with Abstraction

• Designers deal with the extreme complexity of microprocessors by using abstraction.– Focus only on 1-2 levels of abstraction at a time– Similar to OOD

• Don’t need to know how the module works, just that it does work.– And the interface


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Be Be DisciplinedDisciplined with Abstraction with Abstraction

• Just having abstraction isn’t enough, we need to use it

• When designing (HW or SW), take advantage of abstraction by using the properties of:– Hierarchy – Break designs down to manageable pieces– Modularity – Keep your pieces self-contained with well-defined interfaces– Regularity – Make modules “standardized”, and therefore reusable


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Levels of Abstraction in a Computer SystemLevels of Abstraction in a Computer SystemAppsApps

O/SO/S

ArchArch

ArchArch

LogicLogic

DigitalDigital

AnalogAnalog

DevicesDevices

PhysicsPhysics

software

hardware

Applications – Generic Software

Operating System – Controlling Software

Architecture – HW/SW Interface

architecture – High-level organization

Digital Logic – Building-block Modules

Digital Circuits – Continuous Discrete

Analog Circuits – Fun with Electricity

Devices – Transistors, Capacitors, etc.

Physical Properties – Electrons, Ions, etc.


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What would you say is the greatest invention of the 20th century?(ABC News poll, 1999)

Top responses % Computers 30Automobile 12Electricity 9Television 9Telephone/Telecommunications 7Airplane 4Medicines/Vaccinations 4

???


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Computer Pre-historyComputer Pre-history• Charles Babbage

• Analytical Engine• Started in 1834

– Worked on until his death in 1871– Never Finished

• No Hertz Rating

• Driven by a steam engine• As designed, was Turing-complete

Heinrich Hertz 1857-1894

As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of the science.


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What would you say is the greatest invention of the 20th century?(ABC News poll, 1999)

Top responses % Computers 30Automobile 12Electricity 9Television 9Telephone/Telecommunications 7Airplane 4Medicines/Vaccinations 4

“The transistor; without it, the XBOX would probably be the size of a city.”- nate66, some xbox forum

???


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Introduction of MicroelectronicsIntroduction of Microelectronics

• Miniaturization of immense proportions

Transistor: This is an abbreviated combination of the words "transconductance" or "transfer", and "varistor". The device logically belongs in the varistor family, and has the transconductance or transfer impedance of a device having gain, so that this combination is descriptive.— Bell Telephone Laboratories — Technical Memorandum (May 28, 1948)

Integrated Circuit: Miniaturized electronic circuit manufactured in a thin layer of semiconductor material.


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Moore’s LawMoore’s Law


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The Power of MiniaturizationThe Power of Miniaturization

EDSAC 1 (1949)~ 500 OPs

Pentium 4 (2002)~ 12 GFLOPs

24,000,000 times faster


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Analog Circuits – Electrons in MotionAnalog Circuits – Electrons in Motions

s s dd

d

gg

s

d

g The NMOSTransistor

AppsApps

O/SO/S

ArchArch

ArchArch

LogicLogic

DigitalDigital

AnalogAnalog

DevicesDevices

PhysicsPhysics


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The Field-Effect Transistor (FET)The Field-Effect Transistor (FET)AppsApps

O/SO/S

ArchArch

ArchArch

LogicLogic

DigitalDigital

AnalogAnalog

DevicesDevices

PhysicsPhysics

s

d

g The NMOSTransistor


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The Most Powerful AbstractionThe Most Powerful AbstractionAppsApps

O/SO/S

ArchArch

ArchArch

LogicLogic

DigitalDigital

AnalogAnalog

DevicesDevices

PhysicsPhysics

Input Output

0 1

1 0

From here on out:~ Max voltage = 1~ Low voltage = 0

Documents

CS 352 Computer Organization & Design Fall 2010 Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you can kick