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Cryostar Machinery November 07
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1Cryostar process machineryNovember 2007Prepared by B. Brthes
www.cryostar.com
2Content
1. Process pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Piston pumps
2. Expanders (turbines)
Types, applications and duties
Internal components
Auxiliary and control systems
3. Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Natural gas compressors
Natural gas companders
Heat exchangers, sprayers, vaporizers
3Process pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Single-staged pumps
MCP
LIN, LOX, LAR, LCH4
Up to 36 bars
4Process pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Single-staged pumps: Performance curves (MCP190)
25
27,5
30
32,5
35
37,5
40
42,5
45
47,5
50
52,5
55
57,5
60
62,5
65
67,5
70
72,5
75
77,5
80
82,5
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000Flow (l/mn)
H
e
a
d
(
m
)
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
0,6
0,65
0,7
0,75
0,8
0,85
0,9
0,95
1
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
0,60,75
0,91,05
1,21,35
1,5
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000Flow (l/mn)
N
P
S
H
r
(
m
)
22,5
25
27,5
30
32,5
35
37,5
40
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000Flow (l/mn)
P
u
m
p
p
o
w
e
r
(
k
W
)
H
e
a
d
(
m
)
P
o
w
e
r
(
k
W
)
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
N
P
S
H
r
(
m
)
Flow (l/min)
Flow (l/min)
5Process pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Multi-staged pumps
VP
2-12 stages
LIN, LOX, LAR, LCH4Up to 130 bars
New VP330
High flows for large ASUs
LIN, LOX2-5 stages
Up to 80 bars
2000 to 4500 l/min
6Process pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Multi-staged pumps: Labyrinth seals or dry gas seals (single or dual)
7Centrifugal pumps
Multi-staged pumps: dry gas seals
Process pumps
8Centrifugal pumps
Multi-staged pumps: dual gas seals for methane applications
Process pumps
N2 0.18 Nm3/h Suction pressure
+2.5 bars
9Process pumps
Centrifugal pumpsInstallation selected guidelines
Suction line to be correctly sized to avoid too high pressure drop
Suction line to be insulated to avoid cold losses
Suction line to be designed to avoid gas pockets
NPSHa>NPSHr
Discharge line to be equipped with safety valve
Discharge line to be correctly sized for low pressure drop
N2 purge recommended to avoid humidity going to seals (stand-by)
Flexibles to be sized correctly to avoid resonances
Inlet strainers to be compatible with O2 for LOX pumps
Forces and moments at flanges to be minimised
10
Process pumps
Piston pumps
Linde KPL pump
KPL triple cold end
Mounted on skid
KPL single cold end
Mounted on cold box
11
Process pumps
Piston pumps
Linde KPL pump
Enhanced cylindre insulation
Large range of capacities, up to 30 000 l/h
Low speeds ( from 60 to 335 U/min)
Low NPSHr
Continuous operation ( 4 000 to 8 000 h)
Design pressures up to 450- 500 bar (standard)
or 900-1000 bar (N2, Ar special executions)
Usable with LIN, LOX, LAR, LH2, ETHYLENE, METHANE
12
Process pumps
Piston pumps
Linde KPL pump
30,625 triple3210,210 single120/165
21,270 triple357,090 single100/150
13,610 triple604,535 single80/150
5,310 triple2151,770 single50/80
2,750 triple420915 single36/80
1,020 triple380340 single22/80
max. work pressuremax. flow rate Nb of cold endstypesbar gLit/ Hour
30,625 triple3210,210 single120/165
21,270 triple357,090 single100/150
13,610 triple604,535 single80/150
5,310 triple2151,770 single50/80
2,750 triple420915 single36/80
1,020 triple380340 single22/80
max. work pressuremax. flow rate Nb of cold endstypesbar gLit/ Hour
13
Expanders
Gas expanders for ASUs
Single-staged centrifugal turbines with various brakes and powers
Compressor loaded turbinesOil-brake turbines Generator loaded turbines
With customized wheels
Other brake: Combined oil and compressor (TFC)
14
Expanders
Gas expanders for ASUs
Typical turbine performance curve (TC120)
I
s
e
n
t
r
o
p
i
c
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
U/Co
15
Expanders
Liquid expanders for ASUs
Liquid turbines
Main characteristics
Power: Typically 100 to 300 kW
Liquid fluids: Air or LN2
Efficiency: Typically 0.75 to 0.8%
16
Expanders
Future LNG expander
Main characteristics
Flow control using inlet nozzles
Flashing: 20% mass at expander outlet
Tandem or dual gas seals
(Seal gas vaporized from liquid)
Lube oil of active magnetic bearings
Efficiency:85%
Power: 1.2 MW
17
Expanders
Gas expanders for hydrocarbons
Fully customized API machines, with Programmable Logic Controller
Oil-lubricated turbine-compressor
6 MW
Gas processing plant
2 stages MTC
1 MW
Ethylene plant
18
Expanders
Turbines for PLD stationsProven design for a promising market
Single / double stage Enersys turbines
1 to 2 MW
Double stage turbine
2 MW
19
Expanders
In-pipe turbine for PLD stations - MTG
A revolutionary concept 300 kW
20
Expanders
Turbines for heat recovery cycles (Geothermal plants)
First project for a Kalina thermodynamic cycle (NH3 gas)
3.5 MW power by a single-staged turbine (500 mm wheel diameter)
21
Expanders
Internal components
Typical cross-section
22
Expanders
Internal components
Variable inlet nozzles
23
Expanders
Expanders internal components
Wheels
24
Expanders
Internal components
Hydrodynamic oil bearings
Tilting pad radial bearings for optimum rotor stability
Thrust bearings for high axial loads
(tappered lands design)
25
Expanders
Expanders internal components
Magnetic bearings
Oil-free solution introduced 20 years ago by CS and S2M for expanders
F
RotorElectromagnetic forces
Clearance= 0.5 mm
Electromagnets
laminations
26
Expanders
Expanders internal components
Labyrinth seals (dry gas seals also available for specific applications)
A type AS typeSeal Gas inlet
Seal Gas vent
Seal Gasrecovery
Referencepressure
Tip pressure
27
Expanders
Auxiliary and control systems
Typical P&ID
28
Expanders
Auxiliary and control systems
Control systems
Adjustable scope of supply:
Only interface boxes wired by customer to plant control system
Or remote I/O cabinet including:
Anti-surge controller
Vibrations monitoring system
Human Machine Interface etc
Connections via analog signals or serial links
29
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Natural gas compressors
Boil-off gas compressors for LNG carriers
Single-staged compressor Double-staged compressor
30
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Natural gas compressors
Typical compressor performance curve (12 test points)
31
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Natural gas compressors
Boil-off gas blowers for LNG terminals
Return gas blower LNG terminal 80 kW 24000 kg/h
32
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Natural gas compressors
Typical cross-section
33
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Natural gas compressors
Inlet guide vanes
34
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Compander for N2 loop for inverted Brayton cycle
N2 compander with N2 cooler
1 turbine (49=>9.5 bars) + 3 compressor wheels (9=>16=>28=>49 bars)
Single gearbox 6MW motor
35
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Heat exchangers, sprayers, vaporizers
Equipment designed by Cryostar upon specific process requirements
Purge N2
Drain vers tanks
Drain
Pressure equalizing line
Spray Precooler
NBO Mist Separator
Drain Pot
Pre-cooling system for DFDE vessels
Duty: Cool compressor inlet gas to reach 6.5 bars compressor outlet pressure
36
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Heat exchangers, sprayers, vaporizers
Equipment designed by Cryostar upon specific process requirements
After-cooler for DFDE vessels
Goal: Cool the compressor outlet gas to enable gas usage in DFDE engines
37
Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction
Heat exchangers, sprayers, vaporizers
Equipment designed by Cryostar based on specific process requirements
Forced BOG system including FBO mist separator
Goal: Create additional boil-off gas and remove C2+
38
Cryostar process machinery
Thank you for your attention.