CROSSROADS OF FREEDOM- ANTIETAM -

Sarah WilliamsonMid-Term Part 1

The Pendulum of War Battles:

- Feb. 6 1862, Grant led battle to open confederate river ways on Mississippi and Ohio rivers at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson (Kentucky-Tennessee Theater), this allowed Union troops to invade the heart of the confederacy by gunboat.

- Confederates fight back at Shiloh, surprise attack on Grant

- Union takes over New Orleans

- The Peninsula Campaign – Johnston vs. McClellan Outcomes:

- Naval Bockades geographically split the confereracy in two the Union Troops could now attack from all sides.

- Media outburst in newspapers across North and South; North: High expectations, excited, ready for victory, South: heart broken, panic-stricken, despairing events.

- South urges British and French involvement. Politics:

- Union Generals were “soft” on the South. They did not want to fight the revolutionary war against slavery or for the free labor image.

- 1862 Union Congress initiated the Greenback Currency and war bonds – Lincoln needed $

The Pendulum of War

Military Figures:

- George B. McClellan

- Union General, Army of the Potomac, “the young Napoleon, afraid to risk failure, accused with siding with South, came down with Typhoid fever

- Ulysses S. Grant:

- Union General, joined forces with McClellan, experienced

past failure not afraid to take risks

- Robert E. Lee:

-Confederate General, risk taker

- Joseph E. Johnston:

-Confederate General

Ulysses S. Grant

George B. McClellan

Taking Off the Kid Gloves

Battles:- Shendoah valley, Stonewall Jackson created a diversion in order for Lincoln to send reinforcements to the valley rather than to McClellan’s needs. Main victory was at Winchester May 25th.- The Seven Days Battles; Army of N. Virginia did most of the attacking,

Outcomes:- Stonewall is praised in the South, Confederate morale is boosted, most importantly was the wounding of Stonewall; replaced by Robert E. Lee - The Seven Days Battles; a Shock to the North, panic on Wallstreet, “nation is in most eventful crisis of history”- North discovers that Southerners only possessions are their slaves, if slaves were taken away (freed) the south would fail.

Politics:- Foreign policy considerations- Mar. 13,1862; Lincoln signed legislation to abolish all slavery in the District of Colombia

Taking Off the Kid Gloves

Military Figures:- McClellan:

- Union General, Reinstated- Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson:

-Confederate General, Wounded in surprise attack in Valley. - Robert E. Lee:

-Confederate General, Failed previously during Civil War, reinstatement after Stonewall Jackson’s injury brought little excitement to South, “Granny Lee”

Robert E. Lee

Stonewall Jackson

The Federals Got a Very Complete Smashing

Battles:- Fall1862, Confederate raids and invasions in the West,- Battle of Second Bull Run (Manassas)

Outcomes: Politics:

The Federals Got a Very Complete Smashing

Military Figures:

- Lieutenant Isaac Newton Brown

- Buell

-Union

- Farragut

-Halleck

- Nathan Bedford Forrest

-Confederate

- John Hunt Morgan

-Confederate

-General Braxton Bragg

- Confederate

- Kirby Smith

- Confederate

Showdown at Sharpsburg

Battles: Outcomes: Politics:

Showdown at Sharpsburg

Military Figures:

The Beginning of the End

Battles: Outcomes: Politics:

The Beginning of the End

Military Figures: