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Critical IncidentCritical IncidentStress ManagementStress Management
Recognition of Impending Violence
Developed by Lt. Col. Sam D. Bernard, Ph.D.Developed by Lt. Col. Sam D. Bernard, Ph.D.CAP CISM National Team LeaderCAP CISM National Team Leader
Partial content from Chevron Publishing
WelcWelcomeomeThank you for attending this session
concerning Recognition of Impending Violence
Goal
To provide knowledge concerning impending To provide knowledge concerning impending violence by recognize warning signs,violence by recognize warning signs,
Agenda
Jeffrey T. Mitchell, Ph.D., CTS&
George S. Everly, Jr., Ph.D., CTS
Sign of Violence in:•Schools•Workplace•Dating
Warning Signsof
School Violence
School Violence
over 86% of school-place violence could have been avoided if only administrators, teachers, security staff and even parents would have been more observant and proactive in responding to various
www.Keeping Schools Safe.org
National CrimeNational CrimePrevention CouncilPrevention Council
Threats to bring a weapon to schoolThreats to bring a weapon to school Talk about retaliation or a copycat Talk about retaliation or a copycat
crimecrime Overhearing or seeing a "hit list" at Overhearing or seeing a "hit list" at
school or online school or online Troubling essays or other disturbing Troubling essays or other disturbing
writingwriting
National CrimeNational CrimePrevention CouncilPrevention Council
Sudden changes in a student's behavior Sudden changes in a student's behavior or mood swingsor mood swings
Students with difficulty controlling anger Students with difficulty controlling anger or handling conflictor handling conflict
Students experiencing bullying or other Students experiencing bullying or other means of peer isolation means of peer isolation
Warning Signsof
School ViolenceA Threat Assessment Perspective
By Dorothy Lehman Hoerr, Parents' Source
Some warning signs that a student might act Some warning signs that a student might act on a threat include the following:on a threat include the following:
Clues in the form of subtle threats, boasts, Clues in the form of subtle threats, boasts, innuendoes, or ultimatums innuendoes, or ultimatums
Low tolerance for frustration Low tolerance for frustration Depression Depression Alienation Alienation
Warning Signs Hoerr
Difficulty managing anger Difficulty managing anger Dramatic changes in behavior Dramatic changes in behavior A turbulent parent-child relationship A turbulent parent-child relationship Access to weapons Access to weapons No monitoring of TV and Internet use No monitoring of TV and Internet use Detachment from other students, teachers, Detachment from other students, teachers,
and school activities and school activities A perception that the school tolerates A perception that the school tolerates
disrespectful behavior disrespectful behavior
Warning Signs Hoerr
Belief that the use of discipline in the Belief that the use of discipline in the school is not equitable to all students school is not equitable to all students
Intense and exclusive involvement with a Intense and exclusive involvement with a peer group fascinated by violence or peer group fascinated by violence or extremist beliefs extremist beliefs
Youth CommissionYouth CommissionJan Hughes, Texas A&M
Alienation:Alienation: School failure:School failure: Family problemsFamily problems Previous violence:Previous violence: Fragile ego:Fragile ego: Depression:Depression: Preoccupation with violent/aggressive Preoccupation with violent/aggressive
fantasies:fantasies: Excessive exposure to violence:Excessive exposure to violence:
Warning SignsWarning Signsofof
Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence
Workplace Violence
42% of people who have been threatened 42% of people who have been threatened at work do not tell anybody,at work do not tell anybody,
24% who have had violent acts happen to 24% who have had violent acts happen to them never report the incidentthem never report the incident
Dr. Dennis Davis, author Threats Pending, Fuses Burning: Managing Workplace Violence Threats Pending, Fuses Burning: Managing Workplace Violence
Patterns of BehaviorPatterns of BehaviorPrior to ViolencePrior to Violence
High personal stress level Is there a pattern of violence? Frequent threats of Attitude of intimidation Dark personality Socially challenged Bizarre behavior
VerbalVerbal Warning Signs of Warning Signs of Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence
Tone of voice—angry or threateningTone of voice—angry or threatening Unreasonable demands of peers or Unreasonable demands of peers or
employersemployers Verbal threatsVerbal threats Irrational or nonsensical talkIrrational or nonsensical talk Talk of weapons or using weaponsTalk of weapons or using weapons SwearingSwearing Shouting, yelling or screamingShouting, yelling or screaming
Verbal Warning Signs of Verbal Warning Signs of Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence
Defiant challenges to rules and/or Defiant challenges to rules and/or authority figuresauthority figures
Degrading othersDegrading others Lewd or sexual remarksLewd or sexual remarks
Crimecheck.comCrimecheck.com
PhysicalPhysical Warning Signs of Warning Signs of Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence
StaringStaring Angry or threatening looksAngry or threatening looks Clenching of the jaws or fistsClenching of the jaws or fists Pacing, nervousness, restlessnessPacing, nervousness, restlessness Tight grip on objectsTight grip on objects Indication of substance use/abuse, Indication of substance use/abuse,
including stumbling or staggering, slurred including stumbling or staggering, slurred speechspeech
Symptoms and signs of stress and frustration Symptoms and signs of stress and frustration (may exhibit as frequent accidents)(may exhibit as frequent accidents)
Possession of weapon, or keeping a weapon Possession of weapon, or keeping a weapon nearbynearby
Significant changes to appearance, character, Significant changes to appearance, character, or habitsor habits
Violent reactions/gestures, including hitting Violent reactions/gestures, including hitting walls, breaking objects, pounding objectswalls, breaking objects, pounding objects
Crimecheck.comCrimecheck.com
PhysicalPhysical Warning Signs of Warning Signs of Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence
Common Sequences of Common Sequences of Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence
A person experiences distress, and the A person experiences distress, and the individual perceives there is no resolution.individual perceives there is no resolution.
His problems offer no viable alternatives His problems offer no viable alternatives and so he begins to narrow his focus in and so he begins to narrow his focus in order to look for easy controls.order to look for easy controls.
Rationalization begins in order to justify Rationalization begins in order to justify the position.the position.
All of his problems are because of others All of his problems are because of others or outside sources for which he obviously or outside sources for which he obviously has no control.has no control.
Common Sequences of Common Sequences of Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence
This person will now believe he has a This person will now believe he has a need to protect himself and that he is need to protect himself and that he is alone in his endeavors.alone in his endeavors.
Thus he seems to become more Thus he seems to become more egocentric and self-centered… to the egocentric and self-centered… to the exclusion of others.exclusion of others.
Thoughts of violent acts become the belief Thoughts of violent acts become the belief as the only possible way to gain either as the only possible way to gain either control or to be heard.control or to be heard.
Common Sequences of Common Sequences of Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence
He may begin talking of such acts or He may begin talking of such acts or demonstrate obvious hostile thoughts.demonstrate obvious hostile thoughts.
The violent act is either attempted or The violent act is either attempted or committed.committed.
Securitysolutions.com
Threat Assessment Formula
PersonalityPersonality
++
EnvironmentEnvironment
++
Current Mental StateCurrent Mental State
××
Past Behaviors = RISKPast Behaviors = RISKSecuritysolutions.com
Warning SignsWarning Signsofof
Dating ViolenceDating Violence
Dating ViolenceWarning Signs
Does the individual have unexplained Does the individual have unexplained bruises, scratches, or injuries? bruises, scratches, or injuries?
Do you see signs that the individual is afraid Do you see signs that the individual is afraid of his/her boyfriend or girlfriend? of his/her boyfriend or girlfriend?
Does the boyfriend or girlfriend seem to try to Does the boyfriend or girlfriend seem to try to control the individual’s behavior, making all control the individual’s behavior, making all of the decisions, checking up on his/her of the decisions, checking up on his/her behavior, demanding to know who the behavior, demanding to know who the individual has been with, and acting jealous individual has been with, and acting jealous and possessive?and possessive?
Dating ViolenceDating ViolenceWarning SignsWarning Signs
Does the boyfriend or girlfriend lash out, Does the boyfriend or girlfriend lash out, criticize, or insult the individual? criticize, or insult the individual?
Does the individual apologize for the Does the individual apologize for the boyfriend or girlfriend’s behavior to you and boyfriend or girlfriend’s behavior to you and others? Has the individual casually others? Has the individual casually mentioned the boyfriend or girlfriend’s mentioned the boyfriend or girlfriend’s temper or violent behavior, but then laughed temper or violent behavior, but then laughed it off as a joke? it off as a joke?
Have you seen the boyfriend or girlfriend be Have you seen the boyfriend or girlfriend be abusive towards other people or things? abusive towards other people or things?
Dating ViolenceDating ViolenceWarning SignsWarning Signs
Does the individual seem to have lost Does the individual seem to have lost interest or to be giving up things that were interest or to be giving up things that were once important? Has he/she lost interest in once important? Has he/she lost interest in school or other activities? school or other activities?
Has the individual's appearance or behavior Has the individual's appearance or behavior suddenly changed? suddenly changed?
Has the individual stopped spending time Has the individual stopped spending time with friends and family? with friends and family?
Dating ViolenceDating ViolenceWarning SignsWarning Signs
Have you seen sudden changes in the Have you seen sudden changes in the individual’s mood or personality. Is the individual’s mood or personality. Is the individual becoming anxious or depressed, individual becoming anxious or depressed, acting out, or being secretive? Is the acting out, or being secretive? Is the individual avoiding eye contact, having individual avoiding eye contact, having ‘crying jags’ or getting ‘hysterical?’ ‘crying jags’ or getting ‘hysterical?’
Has the individual recently started using Has the individual recently started using alcohol or drugs? alcohol or drugs?
SafeYouth.orgSafeYouth.org
Early Warning Signs of Teen Dating Violence
Are you going out with someone who… Is excessively jealous Is excessively jealous Checks in with you constantly or makes Checks in with you constantly or makes
you check in with him/her you check in with him/her Has an explosive temper Has an explosive temper Is violent: has a history of fighting, abuses Is violent: has a history of fighting, abuses
animals, brags about mistreating others animals, brags about mistreating others Tries to control you by giving orders, Tries to control you by giving orders,
making all the decisions, telling you what making all the decisions, telling you what you should and should not wear you should and should not wear
Early Warning Signs of Teen Dating Violence
Pressures you or is forceful about sex Pressures you or is forceful about sex Isolates you from friends and family and Isolates you from friends and family and
puts down people who are important to puts down people who are important to you you
Believes in the stereotypical gender roles Believes in the stereotypical gender roles for males and females for males and females
Gets too serious about the relationship too Gets too serious about the relationship too fast fast
Blames you when he/she mistreats you; Blames you when he/she mistreats you; tells you that you provoked him/her tells you that you provoked him/her
Early Warning Signs of Teen Dating Violence
Does not accept responsibility for his/her Does not accept responsibility for his/her actions actions
Has a history of bad relationships and Has a history of bad relationships and blames them on previous partners blames them on previous partners
You fear – you worry about how he/she You fear – you worry about how he/she will react to things you say or do will react to things you say or do
Owns or uses weapons Owns or uses weapons Won’t let you break up with him/her Won’t let you break up with him/her Adapted from The Dating Violence Intervention Project in Cambridge, MA and Chance for Change.
Protect YourselfProtect Yourselfformform
Violent CrimeViolent Crime
Protect Yourself FromProtect Yourself FromViolent CrimeViolent Crime
Don’t walk or jog early in the morning or Don’t walk or jog early in the morning or late at night when the streets are deserted. late at night when the streets are deserted.
When out at night, try to have a friend walk When out at night, try to have a friend walk with you. with you.
Carry only the money you’ll need on a Carry only the money you’ll need on a particular day. particular day.
Don’t display your cash or any other Don’t display your cash or any other inviting targets such as pagers, cell inviting targets such as pagers, cell phones, hand-held electronic games, or phones, hand-held electronic games, or expensive jewelry and clothing. expensive jewelry and clothing.
Protect Yourself FromProtect Yourself FromViolent CrimeViolent Crime
If you think someone is following you, If you think someone is following you, switch directions or cross the street. If the switch directions or cross the street. If the person continues to follow you, move person continues to follow you, move quickly toward an open store or restaurant quickly toward an open store or restaurant or a lighted house. Don’t be afraid to yell or a lighted house. Don’t be afraid to yell for help. for help.
Try to park in well-lighted areas with good Try to park in well-lighted areas with good visibility and close to walkways, stores, visibility and close to walkways, stores, and people. and people.
Protect Yourself FromProtect Yourself FromViolent CrimeViolent Crime
Make sure you have your key out as you Make sure you have your key out as you approach your door. approach your door.
Always lock your car, even if it’s in your Always lock your car, even if it’s in your own driveway; never leave your motor own driveway; never leave your motor running. running.
Do everything you can to keep a stranger Do everything you can to keep a stranger from getting into your car or to keep a from getting into your car or to keep a stranger from forcing you into his or her stranger from forcing you into his or her car. car.
Protect Yourself FromProtect Yourself FromViolent CrimeViolent Crime
If a dating partner has abused you, do not If a dating partner has abused you, do not meet him or her alone. Do not let him or meet him or her alone. Do not let him or her in your home or car when you are her in your home or car when you are alone. alone.
If you are a battered spouse, call the If you are a battered spouse, call the police or sheriff immediately. Assault is a police or sheriff immediately. Assault is a crime, whether committed by a stranger or crime, whether committed by a stranger or your spouse or any other family member. your spouse or any other family member. If you believe that you and your children If you believe that you and your children are in danger, call a crisis hotline or a are in danger, call a crisis hotline or a health center and leave immediately. health center and leave immediately.
Protect Yourself FromProtect Yourself FromViolent CrimeViolent Crime
If someone tries to rob you, give up your If someone tries to rob you, give up your property—don’t give up your life. property—don’t give up your life.
If you are robbed or assaulted, report the If you are robbed or assaulted, report the crime to the police. Try to describe the crime to the police. Try to describe the attacker accurately. Your actions can help attacker accurately. Your actions can help prevent someone else from becoming a prevent someone else from becoming a victim.victim.
National Crime Prevention CouncilNational Crime Prevention Council
www.ncpc.orgwww.ncpc.org
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Thank You!
. . .and just one more thing. . .
Critical Incident Stress Critical Incident Stress ManagementManagement
Lt. Col. Sam D. Bernard, Ph.D.Lt. Col. Sam D. Bernard, Ph.D.National CAP CISM Team LeaderNational CAP CISM Team Leader
(423) 322-3297(423) 322-3297CellCell
www.sambernard.info
cism.cap.govcism.cap.gov
Critical IncidentCritical IncidentStress ManagementStress Management
Recognition of Impending Violence
Developed by Lt. Col. Sam D. Bernard, Ph.D.Developed by Lt. Col. Sam D. Bernard, Ph.D.CAP CISM National Team LeaderCAP CISM National Team Leader
Partial content from Chevron Publishing
