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Articles
Students:
Cristina Goveia
Andrea Motoyama
Use A / an ...
Indefinite Articles: a / an
Rule Example
1. Only before singular count nouns.A penguin is a small black and white bird.An igloo is a dwelling that is made of ice.
2. Before singular count nouns that are not specific and are being mentioned for the first time.
Use A / an ...
Indefinite Articles: a / an
Rule Examples
1. Use a before a noun or an adjective (+ noun) that begins with a consonant sound.
a tree, a beautiful tree.
2. Use an before a noun or an adjective (+ noun) that begins with a vowel sound.
an afternoon, an excellent afternoon.
3. Attention to words beginning with the letters h or u, as the use of a and an will depend on the beggining sound of the word.
Beginning with a consonant sound: a hat, a university.Beginning with a vowel sound: an hour, an umbrella.
Use The...
Definite Article: the
Rule Examples
1. When you are talking about something specific.
The apple on the table is not mine.
2. When the speaker and the listener are talking about the same specific item.
John, don’t forget to close the door!
3. For the second and all other references to the same noun.
James and I bought a new computer last month. The computer let us access the Internet really quickly.
4. With the superlative form of an adjective.
In a jewelry store, diamonds are the most expensive item.
Use The...Definite Article: the
Rule Examples
5. For the names of countries that look plural, including countries that end in –s or have the words united, union, republic, or kingdom.
the united states, the Netherlands, the Republic of Angola, the United Kingdom.
6. For the parts of something. (Exception: body parts).
I went to Mary’s new flat last night. It is beautiful. The kitchen is modern, the bedrooms are confortable, the garden is brite.
7. With most bodies of water except individual lakes.
the Mississipi Riber, the Pacific Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Great Lakes.
8. With geographical parts of the globe and geographic areas, deserts, and peninsulas.
the equator, the Middle East, the Gobi Desert, the South
No Article...No Article
Rule Examples
1. When you want to talk about a category or group in general.
Cats can be great pets.
2. Before abstract nouns such as feelings or ideas.
A person’s future success depends on education.Patience is a virtue.
