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Criminology TheoriesCriminology Theories
What causes crime?What causes crime?
Classical CriminologyClassical Criminology
Cesare Beccaria (1738 – 1794)Humans are driven by self-interest People weigh the consequences of their actions People are willing to forfeit some freedom for peace and
security Gov’t must act on behalf of all citizens
The banning of “cruel and unusual punishment” is attributed to Beccaria
Jermy Irons
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVMho2cP1NE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1vps6dKcbQ&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ih8z1jMnPbc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0eBIx5fX14 music
PositivismPositivism
Cesare Lombroso (1835 – 1909)
Biological and psychological factors explain criminal behaviour
There are born criminals Certain physical features
reflect a criminal mind
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ySvYNBKHDA
Sociological PerspectivesSociological Perspectives
Emile DurkheimEmile Durkheim
Anomie Theory
Anonymity of big cities gives certain individuals the opportunity to commit crimes
Crime may serve the function of challenging prevailing views
1930s Chicago 1930s Chicago SchoolSchool
Ecological
Neighbourhoods with high levels of poverty are more likely to condone crime
Karl Marx and Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Frederick Engels Communist Communist Manifesto (1848) Manifesto (1848)
Social Conflict Theory
Capitalist societies that encourage competition for resources and wealth make crime inevitable
People with money and power decide what is considered criminal
Consensus Theory
There is a universal definition of right and wrong ~ laws reflect this consensus
Criminals choose not to accept the view of the majority
Contemporary TheoriesContemporary Theories
Strain Theory
People commit crimes when they believe they cannot achieve their goals in legitimate ways
Socialization Theory
Key influences leading to criminal behaviour are upbringing.
Peer groups and role models
Social Conflict Theory
The root cause of crime is the unfair economic structures of capitalism
Cultural TheoryCultural Theory Certain cultures degrade members of Certain cultures degrade members of
the society. the society. They are easier to victimizeThey are easier to victimize
Does Pornography De-Humanize?Does Pornography De-Humanize?
Contemporary Biological TheoriesContemporary Biological Theories
Biological Trait Theory
Certain traits predispose certain individuals to criminal behaviour
Biochemical TheoryBiochemical Theory
Poor diet, hormones, or Poor diet, hormones, or alcohol or drugs while alcohol or drugs while in the womb may cause in the womb may cause a person to engage in a person to engage in criminal behaviourcriminal behaviour
Neurophysiological Theories
Certain neurological dysfunctions are connected with criminal activity
GeneticsGenetics
The tendency to engage in criminal behaviour is based on genes
XYY Theory (1967)
Criminals have abnormal xyy chromosome
.13% of population .7% of mental institutions 1.93% of prisons
Signs and symptomsTall stature
Severe Acne during adolescentThin personality
Learning DifficultiesDelayed speech and Language skills
Delayed motor developmentsAntisocial or aggressive behavior
The mind of a killerThe mind of a killer
The mind of a Serial KillerThe mind of a Serial Killerhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5NKsuXmkDMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5NKsuXmkDM
The Childhood of a Serial KillerThe Childhood of a Serial Killerhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DP-xaOjCIm0&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DP-xaOjCIm0&feature=related
PsychopathsPsychopathshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA9-RB3runE&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA9-RB3runE&feature=related