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Criminal Law II: Youth Justice (Volume II):2015-16Ronda Bessner

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Recommended CitationBessner, Ronda, "Criminal Law II: Youth Justice (Volume II): 2015-16" (2016). Osgoode Course Casebooks. 79.https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/casebooks/79

Criminal Law II: Youth Justice (Volume II) Winter 2016 Course Director(s): Ronda Bessner

NOT FOR PUBLICATION All items protected by copyright have been cleared

through the Course Kit and Copyright Clearance Centre of York University Printing Services.

2815550117782

xg~~I! redefine THE POSSIBLE.

Youth Justice

Winter 2016

Volume II

Professor Ronda Bessner

Osgoode Hall Law School

York University

Not For Publication. These materials are for the use of Osgoode Hall Law Students. Permission must be obtained for any use of these volumes.

Youth Justice

Table of Contents

Volume I

I. History of Canada's Youth Justice System

English Common Law juvenile Delinquents Act, SC 1908, c 40. Young Offenders Act, RSC 1985, cY-1.

A Strategy for the Renewal of Youth justice, (Ottawa: Department of Justice, 1998).............. ............... ...... ...... ... ............... ...... ... ............ 1

Trepanier, Jean. "What did Quebec Not Want? Opposition to the Adoption of the Youth Criminal justice Act in Quebec" (2004) 46 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 273.............................................................................................................. 31

II. Youth Crime Statistics and Canadian Public Views of Youth Crime 47

Statistics Canada, Youth Court Statistics in Canada 2011/2012, (Ottawa: StatCan, June 2013)................................................................................... 49

Statistics Canada, Police-Reported Crime Statistics in Canada, 2012, (Ottawa: StatCan, July 2013)................................................................................... 67

Sprott, J. "Understanding Public Views of Youth Crime and the Youth Justice System" (1996) 38 Canadian Journal Criminology 271........................... 71

O'Grady, W., P. Paranaby & J. Schnikschneit. "Guns, Gangs, and the Underclass: A Constructionist Analysis of Gun Violence in a Toronto High School" (2010) 52 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 55.............. ............... ............ ..................... .................. ......... ... .......... 81

The Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Executive Summary, (Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2008).................... .................. .................. ......... .............................. ... 93

Carrington, P. & R. Fitzgerald. "Disproportionate Minority Contact in Canada: Police and Visible Minority Youth" (2011) 53 Canadian Journal Criminology and Criminal Justice 449................................................................. 121

III. Youth Criminal Justice Act 129

Age Jurisdiction: Minimum and Maximum Age of Criminal Responsibility

Dalby, J. T. "Criminal Liability in Children" (1985) 27 Can J Crim 137.......................... 131

Peterson-Badali, M. "Children's Understanding of the Juvenile Justice System: A Cognitive-Developmental Perspective" (1988) 30 Can J Crim 381............................................................................................................... 137

Goodwin-De Faria, C. & Marinos, V., "Youth Understanding & Assertion of Legal Rights: Examining the Role of Age and Power" (2012) 20 International Journal of Children's Rights 343........................................................... 147

Steinberg L. & E. Scott. "Less Guilty by Reason of Adolescence: Developmental Immaturity, Diminished Responsibility, and the Juvenile 'Death Penalty" (2003) 58 American Psychologist 1009.................................................. 163

R. v. E.].A., 2004 Y.K.T.C. 84................................................................................................. 175

Tibbetts, J. "Take 10 year-olds-to Court: Minister: Canada Should Consider Jailing Children to Deter Crime, Toews Says", The Ottawa Citizen (15 August 2006) Al.......................................................................................................... 181

"Don't Make Criminals of Children Under 12", The Globe and Mail, Editorial (16 August 2006) A16........................................................................................................ 183

R. v. D.B., [2008] 2 S.C.R. 3.................................................................................................. 185

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, GA Res 44/25, UNGAOR, 1989, Supp No 49, UN DocA/44/49, (1989) ["Available on the Course Website"]

IV. Preamble and Principles in Section 3 YCJA 205

Corrado, R., K. Gronsdahl & D. MacAlister. "The Youth Criminal justice Act: Can the Supreme Court of Canada Balance the Competing and Conflicting Models of Youth Justice?" (2007) 53 Crim LQ 14............................................................. 207

R. v. B. WP., [2006] 1 S.C.R. 941.......................................................................................... 215

R. v. A.O. (2007), 84 0.R. (3d) 561 (C.A.)............................................................................. 233

R. v. R. WC., [2005] 3 S.C.R. 99.......................... ... .................. .................. ... ... ... ............ ...... 251

R. v. T.R., (2005), 75 O.R. (3d) 645 (C.A).............. ... ........................... ...... ... .... ...... ............ 259

Canada Bill C-10, An Act to enact the justice for Victims of Terrorism Act and to amend the State Immunity Act, the Criminal Code, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act; the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, the Youth Criminal justice Act, the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and other Acts, 1st Sess, 41st Parl. 2011 (assented to March 13, 2012), S.C. 2012, c. 1........................................................................................ 267

V. Diversion of Young Persons from the Formal Justice 275

System/Extrajudicial Measures

Bala, Nicholas. "Diversion, Conferencing, and Extrajudicial Measures for Adolescent Offenders" (2003) 40 Alta L Rev 991....................................................... 277

Moyer, S. and Basic, M., "Crown Decision Making under the Youth Criminal justice Act" (Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada, 2004)................................................................ 301

Marinos, V. & N. Innocente. "Factors Influencing Police Attitudes Towards Extrajudicial Measures under the Youth Criminal Justice Act" (2008) 50 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 469.......................... 309

R. v. M.A.M., 2004 B.C.P.C. 438............................................................................................ 321

Gerson, J. "Community Justice, Not Jail, for Youth in Trouble", The Globe and Mail (6 June 2005) All............................................................................. 327

Reinhart, A "14-Year-Old Finds Alternative to Court in Sentencing Circle", The Globe and Mail (20 January 2004) A10..................................... 331

Volume II

VI. Legal Counsel and Involvement of Parents under the YCJA 339

Peterson-Badali, M., R. Abramovitch & J. Duda. "Young Children's Legal Knowledge and Reasoning Ability" (1997) 39 Can J Crim 145.......................... .... 341

Peterson-Badali, M., S. Care & J. Broeking. "Young People's Perceptions and Experiences of the Lawyer-Client Relationship" (2007) 49 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 375............................................. 355

Varma, K. "Parental Involvementin Youth Court" (2007) 49 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 231............................................................. 367

Broeking, J. & M. Peterson-Badali. "Parents' Involvement in the Youth Justice System: Rhetoric and Reality" (2010) 52 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 1................................................................................... 383

R. v. L.S., (2006), 218 O.A.C. 49............................................................................................ 397

R. v. R.KS. (2007), 7 4 W.C.B. (2d) 588 (Ont. Ct. J.)..... ............... ......... ...... ... ......... ... ........... 403

VII. Protections, Privacy, Records and Publicity 411

Statements to Persons in Authority

R. v.]. lj.T.), [1990] 2 S.C.R. 755........................................................................................... 413

R. v. I. (L.R.) and T. (E.), [1993] 4 S.C.R. 504........................................................................ 421

R. v. Z. (D.A.), [1992] 2 S.C.R. 1025....................................................................................... 435

R. v. L. T.H., [2008] 2 S.C.R. 739.. ........................ ... ..................... ............... ... ...... .................... 451

R. v D.T., [2013] ONCA 166...................................................................................................... 463

Searches of Students in Schools

R. v. M.R.M., [1998] 3 S.C.R. 393............................................................................................ 473

R. v. A.M., [2008] 1 S.C.R. 569................................................................................................. 491

Limitations on Publication of Identifying Information

R. v. D.B., [2008] 2 S.C.R. 3 [In Volume 1)........................................................................................... 185

Youth Court Records

F.N. (Re), [2000] 1S.C.R.880................................................................................................. 517

S.L. v N.B., [2005] O.J. No. 1411 (Ont. C.A.).......................................................................... 537

R. v B.(A.) (2013), 115 O.R. (3d) 235 (Ont. C.J.).................................................................. 549

VIII. Sentencing

R. v. C.D.; R. v. C.D.K, [2005] 3 S.C.R. 668 ........................................................................... ..

Roach, K. "The Role of Crime Victims Under the Youth Criminal justice Act" (2003) 40 Alta L Rev 965 ................................................................................ .

R. v. V. W. (2008), 89 O.R. (3d) 323 (C.A.) .......................................................................... .

R. v. D.B., [2008] 2 S.C.R. 3 [Volume I] ............................................................................. .

R. v. S.A.C., [2008] 2 S.C.R. 675 ............................................................................................. .

R. v. C.O. (2008), 91 0.R. (3d) 528 (C.A.) ........................................................................... ..

R. v. Gladue, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 688 ......................................................................................... .

R v Ipeelee, [2012] 1 S.C.R. 433 ............................................................................................ .

R. v. T.D.P., 2004 S.K.P.C. 57 ................................................................................................ ..

R. v. M.A., [2013] ONCA 235 ................................................................................................... .

Berry, S. "Proposed Crime Bill Sparks Concerns", The Telegraph-journal (21 September 2011) Al ............................................................................................................ .

Kines, L. "Canada's Child Advocates urge government to back off proposed changes to Youth Criminal Justice Law", Canwest News Service (7 March 2011) ............................................................................................................................. ..

"Government of Canada Announces Coming into Force of the Violent and Repeat Young Offenders Segment of the Safe Streets and Communities Act", Targeted News Service (23 October 2012) ....................................................................................................................... .

Wilton, K. "Quebec centers vow to stay course; Federal law could see more young offenders in Custody", The Gazette (23 October 2012) AS ............................................................... ..

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