Crim Law (2) Digest

8/12/2019 Crim Law (2) Digest

1/6

US vs Ah Chong

G.R. No. L-5272 15 Phil 488

March 19 191! P"#i#ion"r$ %h" Uni#"& S#a#"s R"s'on&"n#$ Ah Chong(AC%S$ Ah Chong )as a coo* in (#. Mc+inl",. " )as arai& o /a&

"l"0"n#s. n" "v"ning /"or" going #o /"& h" loc*"& hi0s"l in his

roo0 /, 'lacing a chair agains# #h" &oor. A#"r having gon" #o /"& h")as a)a*"n"& /, so0"on" #r,ing #o o'"n #h" &oor. " call"& o# #)ic"

3ho is #h"r"3 /# r"c"iv"& no ans)"r. ("aring #ha# #h" in#r&"r )as aro//"r h" l"a'"& ro0 his /"& an& call"& o# again 36 ,o "n#"r #h"roo0 6 )ill *ill ,o.3 # a# #ha# 'r"cis" 0o0"n# h" )as s#rc* /, #h"

chair #ha# ha& /""n 'lac"& #h" &oor an& /"li"ving #ha# h" )as /"ing

a##ac*"& h" s"i"& a *i#ch"n *ni" s#rc* an& a#all, )on&"& #h"in#r&"r )ho #rn"& o# #o /" his roo00a#". %h"r"'on h" call"& #o his

"0'lo,"rs an& rsh"& /ac* in# #h" roo0 #o s"cr" #h" /an&ag"s #o /in&

' #h" )on&. ""n&an# )as charg"& )i#h 0r&"r.6SSU:$ h"#h"r or no# Ah Chong 0a, /" h"l& cri0inall, r"s'onsi/l" or

0r&"r in #h" cas" a# /ar

:L$ %h" Cor# h"l& #ha# Ah Chong 0s# /" ac;i##"&. a& #h" ac#s/""n as Ah Chong /"li"v"& #h"0 #o /" h" )ol& hav" /""n RPC?

'rovi&"s #ha# in or&"r or #h" ac# #o /" cri0inal in#"n#? n"glig"nc" an& i0'r&"nc". 6n #h" 'r"s"n# cas" #h"

accs"& ac#"& in goo& ai#h )i#ho# 0alic" or cri0inal in#"n# in #h"

/"li" #ha# h" )as &oing no 0or" #han "B"rcising his l"gi#i0a#" righ# os"l-&""ns". a& #h" ac#s /""n as h" /"li"v"& #h"0 #o /" h" )ol& hav"

/""n )holl, "B"0'# ro0 cri0inal lia/ili#, on accon# o his ac#.

Mor"ov"r #h" accs"& canno# /" sai& #o hav" /""n n"glig"n# or r"c*l"ssas #h" ac#s as h" sa) #h"0 #hr"a#"ns his '"rson an& his 'ro'"r#,. Un&"r

sch circ0s#anc"s #h"r" is no cri0inal lia/ili#, as #h" ignoranc" or

0is#a*" o ac# )as no# &" #o n"glig"nc" or /a& ai#h.

P"o'l" vs. Pga, G.R. No. 74@24 Nov"0/"r 18 1988

(ac#s o #h" Cas"$

%h" accs"& ar" 'rononc"& /, #h" R%C o Cavi#" gil#, /",on&


2/6

r"asona/l" &o/# or #h" cri0" o 0r&"r o a,ani Miran&a an&

s"n#"ncing #h"0 #o a 'rison #"r0 ranging ro0 12 ,"ars >'rision 0a,or as

0ini00 #o 2! ,"ars >'rision #"0'oral? as 0aBi00 an& or Sa0son #o/" s"n#"nc"& #o r"clsion '"r'"#a.

Miran&a an& #h" accs"& Pga, ar" ri"n&s. Miran&a s"& #o rn "rran&sor Pga, an& #h", s"& #o sl""' #og"#h"r. n #h" "v"ning o Ma, 19

1982 a #o)n i"s#a )as h"l& in #h" '/lic 'laa o Rosario Cavi#".So0"#i0" a#"r 0i&nigh# accs"& Pga, an& Sa0son )i#h s"v"ralco0'anions arriv"& &rn* an& s#ar#"& 0a*ing n o Miran&a. Pga,

a#"r 0a*ing n o Miran&a #oo* a can o gasolin" an& 'or"& i#s

con#"n#s on #h" la##"r &"s'i#" Ga/ion #"lling Pga, no# #o &o #h" &""&.S#ill Sa0son s"# Miran&a on ir" 0a*ing a h0an #orch o# o hi0.

6ss"$ 6s cons'irac, 'r"s"n# in #his cas" #o "nsr" #ha# 0r&"r can /" #h"cri0"

6s Pga, cri0inall, lia/l"

Rling$ 6s cons'irac, 'r"s"n# in #his cas" #o "nsr" #ha# #h" cri0" o

0r&"r is also 'r"s"n#

%h"r" is N cons'irac, in #his cas". Cons'irac, is &"#"r0in"& )h"n #)o

or 0or" '"rsons agr"" #o co00i# a "lon, an& &"ci&" #o co00i# i#.

Cons'irac, 0s# /" 'rov"n )i#h #h" sa0" ;an#0 o "vi&"nc" as #h"

"lon, i#s"l 0or" s'"ciicall, /, 'roo /",on& r"asona/l" &o/#. 6# isno# "ss"n#ial #ha# #h"r" 0s# /" 'roo as #o #h" "Bis#"nc" o a 'r"vios

agr""0"n# #o co00i# a cri0". o)"v"r i# is sici"n# i a# #h" #i0" o

#h" co00ission o #h" cri0" #h" accs"& has #h" sa0" 'r'os" an& )"r"ni#"& an& "B"c#"&.

6n #h" cas" a# /ar #h"r" )as no ani0osi#, /"#)""n Miran&a an& #h"accs"&F #o a&& #ha# a# #h" co00ission o #h" cri0" #h" accs"&s in#"n#

)as 'r"l, coinci&"n#al sinc" h" is n&"r #h" inl"nc" o li;or a# #h"

co00ission o #h" cri0".

Sinc" #h"r" )as N cons'irac, #o s'"a* o #h" r"s'"c#iv" cri0inalr"s'onsi/ili#, o Pga, an& Sa0son arising ro0 &i"r"n# ac#s &ir"c#"&

agains# Miran&a is in&ivi&al an& no# coll"c#iv" an& "ach o #h"0 is lia/l"

onl, on #h" ac# #ha# )as co00i##"& /, hi0.

6s Pga, cri0inall, lia/l"

aving ail"& #o "B"rcis" #h" &ilig"nc" n"c"ssar, #o avoi& "v"r,n&"sira/l" cons";"nc" arising ro0 "v"r, ac# co00i##"& /, his

co0'anions )ho a# #h" sa0" #i0" )"r" 0a*ing n o #h" &"c"as"&

Pga, is gil#, o r"c*l"ss i0'r&"nc" r"sl#ing #o ho0ici&".

:LH

S:P 2 2!!9

Cri0inal La)- P"o'l" o #h" R.P. vs. Pga,

%6S CAS: 6S 6% R:GAR % AR%. @>2? I 8>2? ( %: R.P.C.

3A Cons'irac, "Bis#s )h"n #)o or 0or" '"o'l" co0" #o an agr""0"n#

conc"rning #h" co00ission o a "lon, an& &"ci&" #o co00i# i#.3

3A 0an 0s# s" co00on s"ns" an& "B"rcis" &" r"l"c#ion in all his

ac#sF i# is his , #o /" ca#ios car"l an& 'r&"n# i no# ro0 ins#inc##h"n #hrogh "ar o incrring 'nish0"n#.3

Cas" o P"o'l" o #h" R.P. vs. Pga,

No. L-74@24 17Nov"0/"r1988

(AC%S ( %: CAS:$%h" accs"& ar" 'rononc"& /, #h" R%C o Cavi#" gil#, /",on&

r"asona/l" &o/# or #h" cri0" o 0r&"r o a,ani Miran&a an&

s"n#"ncing #h"0 #o a 'rison #"r0 ranging ro0 12 ,"ars >'rison 0a,or? as0i0i00 #o 2! ,"ars >'rison #"0'oral? as 0aBi00 an& or sa0son #o

/" s"n#"nc"& #o r"clsion '"r'"#a.

Miran&a an& #h" accs"& Pga, ar" ri"n&s. Miran&a s"& #o rn "rran&s

or Pga, an& #h", s"& #o sl""' #og"#h"r. n #h" "v"ning o Ma, 19

1982 a #o)n i"s#a )as h"l& in #h" '/lic 'laa o Rosario Cavi#".So0"#i0" a#"r 0i&nigh# accs"& Pga, an& Sa0son )i#h s"v"ral

co0'anions arriv"& >#h", )"r" &rn*? an& #h", s#ar#"& 0a*ing n o

a,ani Miran&a. Pga, a#"r 0a*ing n o #h" a,ani #oo* a can ogasolin" an& 'or"& i#s con#"n#s on #h" la##"r Ga/ion >'rinci'al )i#n"ss?

#ol& Pga, no# #o &o #h" &""&. %h"n Sa0son s"# Miran&a on ir" 0a*ing a
http://jeffdavid-casedigests.blogspot.com/2009/09/criminal-law-people-of-rp-vs-pugay.htmlhttp://jeffdavid-casedigests.blogspot.com/2009/09/criminal-law-people-of-rp-vs-pugay.html


3/6

h0an #orch o# o hi0. %h", )"r" arr"s#"& #h" sa0" nigh# an& /ar"l, a

") hors a#"r #h" inci&"n# gav" #h"ir )ri##"n s#a#"0"n#s.

6SSU:S ( %: CAS:$

6s cons'irac, 'r"s"n# in #his cas" #o "nsr" #ha# 0r&"r can /" #h" cri0"6 no# )ha# ar" #h" cri0inal r"s'onsi/ili#i"s o #h" accs"&

%h"r" is no$CNSP6RACJ- is &"#"r0in"& )h"n #)o or 0or" '"rsons agr"" #o

co00i# a "lon, an& &"ci&" #o co00i# i#. Cons'irac, 0s# /" 'rov"n

)i#h #h" sa0" ;an#0 o "vi&"nc" as #h" "lon, i#s"l 0or" s'"ciicall,/, 'roo /",on& r"asona/l" &o/#. 6# is no# "ss"n#ial #ha# #h"r" /" 'roo as

#o #h" "Bis#"nc" o a 'r"vios agr""0"n# #o co00i# a cri0". 6# is

sici"n# i a# #h" #i0" o co00ission o #h" cri0" #h" accs"& ha& #h"sa0" 'r'os" an& )"r" ni#"& in i#s "B"c#"&.

Sinc" #h"r" )as no ani0osi#, /"#)""n 0iran&a an& #h" accs"& an& a&&

#o #h" #ha# #ha# #h" 0""#ing a# #h" sc"n" o #h" inci&"n# )as 'r"l,coinci&"n#al an& #h" 0ain in#"n# o #h" accs"& is #o 0a*" n o

0iran&a.

Sinc" #h"r" is no cons'irac, #ha# )as 'rov"n #h" r"s'"c#iv" cri0inalr"s'onsi/ili#, o Pga, an& Sa0son arising ro0 &i"r"n# ac#s &ir"c#"&

agains# 0iran&a is in&ivi&al N% coll"c#iv" an& "ach o #h"0 is lia/l"

onl, or #h" ac# #ha# )as co00i##"& /, hi0.

KKCons'irac, 0a, /" i0'li"& ro0 conc"r#"& ac#ion o #h" assailan#s in

conron#ing #h" vic#i0.

Cri0inal R"s'onsi/ili#i"s$

PUGAJ$ aving ail"& #o "B"rcis" &ilig"nc" n"c"ssar, #o avoi& "v"r,

n&"sira/l" cons";"nc" arising ro0 an, ac# co00i##"& /, hisco0'anions )ho a# #h" sa0" #i0" )"r" 0a*ing n o #h" &"c"as"&. -

GU6L%J ( R:C+L:SS 6MPRU:NC: R:SUL%6NG %

M6C6:

SAMSN$Sinc" #h"r" ar" N sici"n# "vi&"nc" #ha# a''"ars in #h"

r"cor& "s#a/lishing ;ali,ing circ0s#anc"s >#r"ach"r, cons'irac,?. An&gran#"& #h" 0i#iga#ing circ0s#anc" #ha# h" n"v"r 6N%:N: #o co00i#

so grav" a )rong. - GU6L%J ( M6C6:

:L$

UG:M:N% ( %: L:R CUR% AS A((6RM: 6%M6(6CA%6NS. UG:M:N% (R GU6L%J :JN

R:ASNAL: U% (R MUR:R AS L:R: % %:

A: UG:M:N%S.

Cali0#an v. P"o'l"G.R. No. 1521@@ ("/rar, 9 2!!

L"sson$ Proo /",on& r"asona/l" &o/# ""ns" o S#rang"r ProBi0a#"

Cas" in#"n#ional "loni"s an& cl'a/l" "loni"s

La)s A''lica/l"$ Ar#. @ Ar#. 4 Par. 1

(AC%S$

("/rar, 4 199 aron& 1! a0$ Can#r" an& )i#n"ssSaOano #og"#h"r )i#h #)o o#h"r co0'anions ha& a &rin*ing

s'r"" a# a vi&"o*" /ar /# as #h", )"r" h"a&"& ho0" #h",

cross"& 'a#hs )i#h Cali0#an an& Micha"l lalacao.

Can#r" 2 ,"ars ol& an& 5 #. 9 inch"s ha& a gr&g"agains# lalacao a 15 ,"ar-ol& /o, o 5#. or ss'"c#ing #ha#

h" #hr") s#on"s a# #h" his hos" on a 'r"vios nigh# so h"

'nch"& hi0 S""*ing #o 'ro#"c# lalacao an& #o s#o' Can#r" Cali0#an

'ic*"& a s#on" as /ig as a 0ans is# an& hi##ing Can#r" a# #h"

l"# si&" o his /ac* no# no#icing #ha# lalacao )as alr"a&,a/l" #o ran a)a,.

o Can#r" s#o''"& or a 0o0"n# an& h"l& his /ac* an&

Cali0#an &"sis#"& ro0 an, o#h"r ac# o viol"nc" i#n"ss SaOano #h"n /rogh# Can#r" ho0" )h"r" h"

co0'lain"& o /ac*ach" an& also o s#o0ach ach" an& )as

na/l" #o "a# , nigh# #i0" h" "l# col& #h"n )ar0 #h"n h" )as s)"a#ing

'ros"l, an& his "n#ir" /o&, "l# n0/
http://www.philippinelegalguide.com/2012/11/jurisprudence-gr-no-152133.htmlhttp://www.philippinelegalguide.com/2012/11/jurisprudence-gr-no-152133.html


4/6

o aving no v"hicl" #h", col& no# /ring hi0 #o a

&oc#or so his 0o#h"r


5/6

accor&ing #o #h" 0"ans /, )hich #h", ar" co00i##"& in

'ar#iclar$

o >1? in#"n#ional "loni"s - "Bis#"nc" o 0alicios in#"n# ac# is '"ror0"& )i#h &"li/"ra#" in#"n# >)i#h

0alic"?

o >2? cl'a/l" "loni"s - a/s"nc" o 0alicios in#"n# ac# or o0ission o #h" o"n&"r is N%

0alicios #h" )rongl ac# r"sl#s ro0 i0'r&"nc"n"glig"nc" lac* o or"sigh# or lac* o s*ill

A/s"nc" o in#"n# Cali0#an gil#, /",on& r"asona/l"

&o/# o #h" cl'a/l" "lon, o r"c*l"ss i0'r&"nc" r"sl#ingin ho0ici&" n&"r Ar#icl" @5 o #h" R"vis"& P"nal Co&"

o R"c*l"ss i0'r&"nc" consis#s in voln#aril, /#

)i#ho# 0alic" &oing or ailing #o &o an ac# ro0)hich 0a#"rial &a0ag" r"sl#s /, r"ason o

in"Bcsa/l" lac* o 'r"ca#ion on #h" 'ar# o #h"

'"rson '"ror0ing or ailing #o '"ror0 sch ac##a*ing in#o consi&"ra#ion his "0'lo,0"n# or

occ'a#ion &"gr"" o in#"llig"nc" 'h,sical con&i#ion

an& o#h"r circ0s#anc"s r"gar&ing '"rsons #i0" an&'lac".

Ur/ano v. 6AC

Facts:

n c#o/"r 2@ 198! '"#i#ion"r (ilo0"no Ur/ano )as on his )a, #o hisric"i"l&. " on& #h" 'lac" )h"r" h" s#or"& 'ala, loo&"& )i#h )a#"r

co0ing ro0 #h" irriga#ion canal. Ur/ano )"n# #o #h" "l"va#"& 'or#ion #o

s"" )ha# ha''"n"& an& #h"r" h" sa) Marc"lino avi"r an& :0ilio :r"c##ing grass. avi"r a&0i##"& #ha# h" )as #h" on" )ho o'"n"& #h" canal.

A ;arr"l "ns"& an& Ur/ano hi# avi"r on #h" righ# 'al0 )i#h his /olo

an& again on #h" l"g )i#h #h" /ac* o #h" /olo. n c#o/"r 27 198!Ur/ano an& avi"r ha& an a0ica/l" s"##l"0"n#. Ur/ano 'ai& P7!! or #h"

0"&ical "B'"ns"s o avi"r. n Nov"0/"r 14 198! Ur/ano )as rsh"&

#o #h" hos'i#al )h"r" h" ha& loc*


6/6

#i0" o his &"a#h. %h" in"c#ion )as #h"r"or" &is#inc# an& or"ign #o #h"

cri0".

%h"r" is a li*"lihoo& #ha# #h" )on& )as /# #h" remote cas" an& i#ss/s";"n# in"c#ion or ailr" #o #a*" n"c"ssar, 'r"ca#ions )i#h

#"#ans 0a, hav" /""n #h"proximatecas" o avi"rQs &"a#h )i#h )hich

#h" '"#i#ion"r ha& no#hing #o &o. 3A 'rior an& r"0o#" cas" canno# /"0a&" #h" /" o an ac#ion i sch r"0o#" cas" &i& no#hing 0or" #han

rnish #h" con&i#ion or giv" ris" #o #h" occasion /, )hich #h" in

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