cpmodulewriting

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

Course Participant’s Module: Writing

TASKS FOR

COURSE PARTICIPANTS 1

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Content Page

WRITING 1

1. GET IT RIGHT! 2

2. CHECK IT OUT! 3

3. DOs and DON’Ts 4 – 5

4. LINES GALORE 6 – 7

5. WHAT’S IN TREND? 8 – 11

6. DATA MATTER 12 – 14

7. WORDS, WORDS and MORE WORDS 15 – 17

8. STEP BY STEP 18 – 19

9. IT’S ALL UP TO YOU! 20 – 23

WRITING 2

1. WHAT IS WRITING TO YOU? 25 – 26

2. MIND YOUR LANGUAGE 27

3. BRING OUT THOSE IDEAS 28 – 29

4. HELLO… 30

5. SO WHERE IS IT GOING TO BE? 31

6. PUTTING IT TOGETHER 32 – 33

7. WRITE RIGHT!

Writing a Complete Essay

34 – 36

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GET IT RIGHT!

MUET Writing Overview

Task 1

Task Sheet 1

Answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer A, B or C.

1. The MUET 800/4 Academic Writing has

A one partB two partsC three parts

2. Candidates must write …

A one long responseB two short responsesC one long and one short response

3. How much time do candidates have for Writing Task 1?

A 40 minutesB 60 minutes

C 90 minutes

4. How much time do candidates have for Writing Task 2?

A 20 minutesB 40 minutesC 50 minutes

5. Which of the following is true?

A Question 1 carries more marks than Question 2.B Question 2 carries more marks than Question 1.

C The two questions are scored equally.

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CHECK IT OUT!

MUET Writing Overview

Task 2

Task Sheet 2

Look at the following list and decide whether they might appear in Question 1 or Question 2. Tick the right column.

Question 1 Question 2

A A pie chart

B An opinion

C A current issue

D A point of view

E A graph

F A table

GA significant event in history

H A diagram of a machine

I A global phenomenon

J An illustration of a process

DOs and DON’Ts

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Task Sheet 3

Complete the table using the phrases provided.

(NB: You may use any of the phrases more than once.)

DOs DON'Ts

Question 1

Question 2

Question 1 & Question 2

Suggested Phrases

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Write a separate introduction and

conclusion.

Support your ideas and claims.

Copy words and phrases directly from

the question paper.

Learn essays by heart.

Stop to select and organise information.

Leave time at the end to check.

Discuss only one side of the topic.

Describe the information.

Copy information inaccurately.

Write in note form or bullet points.

Describe only part of the information.

Plan your answer.

Stop and plan your ideas.

Use irrelevant information.

Write clearly.

Stop writing after 20 minutes.

Write in an academic style.

Compare and contrast the information.

Write an introductory and summarising

statement.

Repeat ideas and vocabulary.

Leave out important data.

LINES GALORE

Task Sheet 4

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4.1 Look at the following graph and put one of the numbers next to the given word below:

( ) a trough

( ) erratic movements

( ) a gradual rise

( ) level off

( ) a dramatic fall

( ) fluctuations

( ) reach a peak

( ) a sharp recovery

( ) a gradual fall

( ) a plateau

( ) to take a plunge

( ) a steady increase

( ) leap upwards

( ) a decline

( ) slump

4.2 Represent the following verbs below in individual line graphs.

to stagnate to bottom out

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to surge

to tumble

to top out

to slump

to crash

to soar

to plunge

to plummet

4.3 Adjectives and adverbs can be used to describe the degree of change. Complete the table with the correct adverbs.

1. A dramatic fall to fall dramatically

2. An abrupt rise to rise ………………………………………….

3. A sudden decline to decline ……………………………………...

4. A moderate growth to grow ………………………………………..

5. A slight increase to increase …………………………………….

6. A rapid drop to drop ………………………………………...

7. A gradual decline to decline ……………………………………...

8. A steady recovery to recover ……………………………………..

9. Erratic sales to sell …………………………………………

10. A unexpected levelling off to level off ………………...………………….

WHAT’S IN TRENDTask Sheet 5

5.1 Describing graphs

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In the table that follows, there are nine line graphs (A-I) illustrating trends or developments in the

column on the left. Opposite each graph, you have four statements which describe the trend or

development. In each case decide which statement is correct. There may be more than one

answer for each illustration.

Ai. The trend in number of patients was

upward.ii. The number of patients fluctuated

slightly.iii. There were considerable

fluctuations in the number of patients.iv. There were fluctuations in the number

of patients.

B i. The number of patients fell dramatically.

ii. The number of patient numbers fell.iii. The number of patients fell steadily.iv. There was a dramatic drop in the

number of patients.

C i. The trend in the number of patients was upward.

ii. The number of patients fluctuated wildly.

iii. There was a downward trend in the number of patients.

iv. The number of patients was erratic.

D i. The trend in the number of patients was downward.

ii. The number of patients fluctuated slightly.

iii. There were wild fluctuations in the number of patients.

iv. There were fluctuations in the number of patients.

Ei. The trend in the number of patients was

upward.

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ii. The number of patients hit a peak.iii. There was a peak in the number of

patients.iv. There was a slight dip in the number of

patients.

F i. The trend in the number of patients was flat.

ii. The number of patients rose.iii. The number of patients rocketed.iv. There was a steep rise in the number of

patients.

G i. The number of patients soared.ii. The number of patients rocketed.

iii. There was a steep rise in the number of patients.

iv. There was a gradual rise in the number of patients.

H i. There was a steady fall in the number of patients.

ii. The number of patients fluctuated.iii. The number of patients plunged.iv. The trend was flat.

I i. There was a slight dip in the number of patients.

ii. The trend in the number of patients was upward.

iii. The number of patients dipped.iv. The number of patients reached a peak.

MORE VERBS OF CHANGE

Task Sheet 5.2

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Matching Task

Match the following descriptions with the graphs that follow. I. Sales bounced back.

II. Prices climbed.III. Sales fluctuated.IV. Sales dipped.V. Sales peaked.

VI. Prices crashed.VII. Prices levelled off.

VIII. Inflation soared.

1 ______________________________________

2 ______________________________________

3 ______________________________________

4 ______________________________________

5 ______________________________________

6 ______________________________________

7 ______________________________________

Task 5.3

For each item below, choose the most appropriate option to complete the statement.

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1. Car production shows a slight decline.

a slight increase.

a dramatic decline.

a dramatic increase.

2. Production slumped and then reached a peak.

reached a peak and then fell rapidly.

reached a peak rapidly and then fell.

reached a peak and then dropped.

3. Costs of production rose steadily and then stabilised.

held substantially and then stabilised.

rose substantially and then held steady.

held steady and then rose substantially

4. Coffee sales have increased slightly.

decreased slightly.

increased dramatically.

decreased dramatically.

DATA MATTER

Task Sheet 6

Task 6.1

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The bar chart below shows the results of a questionnaire to find why native and non-native speakers of English at a university in Australia learn languages. The questionnaire was given to 2000 students.

You need to develop your speed in using language and finding information from a graph, chart or diagram. Write down the answers to the questions below about the bar chart as quickly as you can. Remember to write the information accurately.

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1. What does the bar chart show? __________________________

2. How many students participated in the survey? __________________________

3. Where were the students from? __________________________

4. Which of the two groups was more positive

about language learning? __________________________

5. Which is the most frequently given reason by both

groups for learning languages? __________________________

6. What percentage of native speakers

found language learning useful for work? __________________________

7. What percentage of second language speakers

found language learning useful for work? __________________________

8. Why do most native speakers learn a language? __________________________

9. Which reason for learning languages is the least cited

among native speakers? __________________________

Task 6.2

Based on Task 1 write sentences for each piece of information elicited from the chart.

Examples:

1. The bar chart shows the results of a survey.

2. Two thousand students took part in the survey.

3. The students were from a university in Australia.

Use the sentences to help you write a continuous text.

Example:

The bar chart shows the results of a survey on the reasons for learning languages among 2,000

native and non-native speakers of English at a university in Australia.

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WORDS, WORDS and MORE WORDS

Task 7

Read and understand the information in the table below and attempt the exercises below.

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Hours spent on activities by different age groups in Someland

Activity

Age

Teens 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s +

Watching

TV/videos

1,200 700 400 500 600 700 1,100

Socialising with 4 or less people

150 150 300 250 250 200 200

Socialising with 4 or more people

350 350 50 50 25 25 25

Doing individual exercise

150 100 200 200 50 75 150

Doing group exercise/spot

450 350 200 150 50 0 0

Watching movies in cinemas

100 75 50 25 25 50 75

7.1 Partially Jumbled Texts

In the model answer below, seven (7) parts of the text have been jumbled. Put the words in the right order and write them out in the blanks provided below.

The table shows how (1) different groups people age in spend their leisure time in Someland over the course of a year. It can be clearly seen that the (2) amount available of varies

leisure time considerably across the age groups and that (3) levels people ways of different age

different have very of spending their leisure time. According to the figures, as people age in Someland their social lives decline. (4) Teenagers twenties and people socialising in their on average 500 hours per spend year on and 350 hours of that time is with a group of more than 4

people. Although the total hours of socialising by people in their 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is fairly

constant (between 300-350), socialising with more than 4 people drops dramatically to 50 hours in the 30s and 40s age groups and to only 25 hours for 50 year olds. Group and individual task

follow a similar pattern.( 5 ) People spend of time all ages their a good part of leisure on entertainment such as

TV/video viewing and cinema. In both cases, teenagers and retired people spend around twice as

much time as those who are of working age. Home entertainment ranges from just over a

thousand hours for teenagers and retired people and an average of 600 hours for everyone else. (6) Cinema hours for 100 of the teenagers’ accounts leisure time and 25-50 hours for retired people and the rest.

In conclusion we can see there is a (7) significant activities towards solitary and smaller group trend as people grow older and that teenagers and retired people spend a lot more time on entertainment than those of working age do.

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1._____________________________________________________________________________

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2._____________________________________________________________________________

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3._____________________________________________________________________________

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4._____________________________________________________________________________

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5._____________________________________________________________________________

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6_____________________________________________________________________________

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7._____________________________________________________________________________

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Task 7.2 Synonyms

Find the following words in text 7.1. What other words or phrases can replace them?

1. shows 2. considerably3. According to 4. fairly

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5. dramatically 6. similar7. cases 8. ranges9. an average 10. in conclusion

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6

7. 8.

9. 10.

STEP BY STEP

Task 8

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Read and understand the information in the table on television viewing according to age and location of city or town. Answer the following questions and give suitable reasons why you think the trends are as reported.

Average hours/week of television viewing by age and by towns in 2005

Population Profile

Town

2 years and

below

3 to

11 years

12 to 19 years

20 to 34 years

35 years and

above

Johor Bharu 22.7 18.9 12.3 21.3 26.8

Malacca 20.0 14.5 12.3 19.8 23.5

Petaling Jaya 23.8 14.3 13.7 22.9 29.2

Georgetown 23.7 14.7 12.6 23.2 28.4

Kuala Lumpur 23.3 14.3 13.5 22.4 28.5

Kuantan 20.6 13.5 13.2 20.1 24.7

Kota Bharu 22.1 15.5 13.0 22.0 26.4

Kota Kinabalu 21.2 15.2 12.7 20.5 25.7

Kuching 19.4 14.1 12.4 18.2 23.9

Labuan 20.7 14.4 11.7 21.5 23.4

1. Which town has the highest total average hours per week of television viewing? 2. Is there a change in viewing habits from town to town? 3. Compare and contrast their television viewing habits.

Question

Write a report on the distribution of viewing hours in the towns mentioned in the table.

Step A

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Understand the requirements of the task, i.e. a) Write a report. b) Describe distribution of viewing hours.

Step B

Summarise topic, introduce data.

Write a suitable introduction. E.g.

The graph shows the number of television viewing hours of different age groups in different locations in Malaysia.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Step C

Plan the body – state the main points and state other important and relevant points.

Write the body of your report.

Paragraph 1: Which city/town has the lowest viewing hours of television? Why? (Reasons)

Paragraph 2: Which city/town has the highest viewing hours of television? Why? (Reasons)

Paragraph 3: Is there a change in viewing habits? Why? (Reasons)Paragraph 4: Compare the different viewing hours in the different locations.

Step D

Plan the conclusion.Restate main ideas developed in body paragraphs. E.g.

In general, it can be seen that viewing hours are highest in the larger cities of Malaysia and adults above 35 years of age enjoy television more than any other age group…

IT’S ALL UP TO YOU!

Task 9

Read and understand the information in the table, pie chart and text below. Answer the following questions and give suitable reasons why you think the trends are as reported.

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Lead-in Questions:

1. What does the table show?

2. Which age group is most affected by mental problems?

3. What is the percentage?

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4. Which age group is least affected by mental problems? Why?

5. What is the percentage?

6. What does the chart show?

7. How many factors are there affecting mental health?

8. Which is the biggest contributing factor that affects mental health? 9. What is the percentage?

10. Which factor comes after the death of husband or wife? 11. Which factor comes after unemployment?

12. Which factor comes after illiteracy?

13. Which is the least important factor affecting mental health?

14. Which factor probably affects senior citizens the most?

15. Why are adult women more susceptible to mental problems compared to adult men?

16. Which factor will most likely affect adolescents?

17. Which factor will most likely affect adult men?

Based on the information derived from answering the questions above, write a report on Mental Health for your community newsletter. In your report, include factors affecting mental health. Your report should not be less than 150 words.

Task 10

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Using the information given above, write an article on the sales of vehicles in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, to be published in the consumer association newsletter. In your article, include factors affecting the sales of vehicles in these four countries. Your article should not be less than 150 words.

Task 11

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The pie charts give a profile of the Internet users of Guland. Using the information given in the charts and textbox, write an article entitled A Profile of Guland’s Internet Users. In your article, explain the relationship between the use of the Internet and the various locations. Your article should not be less than 150 words.

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TASKS FORCOURSE PARTICIPANTS 2

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WHAT IS WRITING TO YOU?

An Opinion Poll on Teaching of Writing

What do you think would help students most to improve their writing? Tick your answer.

Wouldhelpmost

Wouldhelpa lot

Wouldhelp

a little

Wouldnothelp

1. Improving vocabulary

2. Learning how to write a paragraph

3. Having the teacher mark all mistakes

4. Improving handwriting

5. Word processing on the computer

6. Learning to type

7. Having more time to write

8. Having more opportunities to practice writing

9. Improving spelling

10. Understanding punctuation

11. Understanding grammar

12. Learning how to organise ideas

13. Reading more

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2. What do you think is most important to a reader? Tick your answer.

Mostimportant

VeryImportant Important

Notimportant

1. The topic

2. Ideas

3. The words

4. Neatness

5. Spelling

4. The length of the essay

5. Coherence

4. I think that good writers __________________________________________ (Tick the appropriate column.)

Yes No

1. are good spellers.2. do not feel anxious about or intimidated by writing.3. understand punctuation.4. always use the right words.5. need help with their writing.6. may have problems getting started.7. have very large vocabularies.8. are well educated.9. achieved good grades in writing when they were in school.10. write from personal experience.11. need to be alone in order to write.12. took to writing naturally.13. are usually women; most men don’t write well.14. get it right the first time (don’t have to re-write).15. are able to know how to find their mistakes and correct them.

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MIND YOUR LANGUAGE

Task 2

Here are some examples of language. Determine the level of formality of each example and write the letter representing it in the right column in the table below. (Some examples can go in two boxes.)

Tick in the correct column.

Formal Neutral Informal

A Hi !

B I would be extremely grateful if you could please ...

C I’m afraid I need to tell you ...

D Nevertheless….

E He descended from the train at the subsequent station

F To sum up….

G c. u.

H Could you please ....

I Her grandmother was unable to accompany her.

J Her grandmother couldn’t go with her.

K I look forward to hearing from you.

L My essay is all about ...

M The sort of stuff people believe these days is rubbish.

N So, what have I been saying basically is…

O I would like to turn now to the next point in my argument.

P In this essay I am going to outline ...

Q You’ve no idea how angry I am.

R It is with considerable regret that I express my displeasure at …

S Unfortunately, I am rather angry ...

T Send me a new form, will you?

BRING OUT THOSE IDEAS

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Task 3: Brainstorming and Planning

Analyse the following question and brainstorm for ideas. You may use the following mind maps to do so.

QUESTION:

It is generally accepted that families are not as close as they used to be. Why has this change happened and what could be done to bring families closer together? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience.

Participant’s Task Sheet: (Table)

Reasons Examples Suggestions Examples

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Mind mapping ideas

Sample Cluster Diagram

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HELLO...

Task 4

Read the notes on the structure of an essay. Then write introductory paragraphs for the following topics.1. Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is it better for children to participate in team sports or individual sports? Why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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SO, WHERE IS IT GOING TO BE?

Task 5: Topic Sentences

Paragraphing and Topic Sentences – Task Sheet

1. Here is a text without paragraphs. Decide where it would be best to divide it into paragraphs, then underline the topic sentences.

The care of old people is an issue all over the world, as it is no longer clear who has the responsibility for looking after old people. There are two main choices: the government or the family. If the government pays for the care of old people this usually means that the old people go into old people’s homes. In these all people are given equal and high quality care. Countries such as Sweden operate this system very efficiently. The problem is that this solution is very expensive. The money comes from tax and many countries simply can’t afford it. It also often means that old people go into homes where they know no one and have nothing to do. The alternative is for families to support their elderly relatives. In theory this provides loving care and means the old person can be an active member of the family. In practice, it often does not work out, as families don’t have enough money, and so, much bitterness is created, and the old people are neglected. I can see this happening all around me in my country where there is no government support for old people. It is clear that neither of these solutions is good. Therefore, it seems to me that a combination of the two is the best solution. The government should provide money to families to look after their elderly relatives. But I also think that old people should save up money during their working lives to look after themselves in old age.

(255 words)

2. What do you think is the purpose of paragraphs and topic sentences?

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PUTTING IT TOGETHER

Task 6: Structuring Academic Writing

Information Box

Question: The care of old people is a growing problem. Some say the government should care for old people. Others say that it is the family’s responsibility. Discuss these views and give your own opinion.

Academic writing can involve discussing the advantages and disadvantages of different solutions. In this case, it usually follows this structure:

1. Introduction

General statement about the topic

2. Body

A Arguments for solution 1 (+ supporting evidence)

B Arguments against solution 1 (+ supporting evidence)

C Arguments for solution 2 (+ supporting evidence)

D Arguments against solution 2 (+ supporting evidence)

E Etc. with any other solution

3. Conclusion giving writer’s final opinion based on above arguments

NB. This topic shows just one kind of academic writing. Others include proposing solutions and justifying opinions. These require different structures.

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Read the writing below and identify the different parts in its structure. Write the appropriate letter beside each part e.g. 1, 2A, 2B etc.

Question: The care of old people is a growing problem. Some say the government should care for old people. Others say that it is the family’s responsibility. Discuss these views and give your own opinion.

The care of old people is an issue all over the world as it is no longer clear who has the responsibility for looking after old people. There are two main choices: the government or the family.

If the government pays for the care of old people this usually means that the old people go into old people’s homes. In these all people are given equal and high quality care. Countries such as Sweden operate this system very efficiently.

The problem is that this solution is very expensive. The money comes from tax and many countries simply can’t afford it. It also often means that old people go into homes where they know no one and have nothing to do.

The alternative is for families to support their elderly relatives. In theory this provides loving care and means the old person can be an active member of the family. In practice, it often does not work out, as families don’t have enough money, and so, much bitterness is created, and the old people are neglected. I can see this happening all around me in my country where there is no government support for old people.

It is clear that neither of these solutions is good. Therefore, it seems to me that a combination of the two is the best solution. The government should provide money to families to look after their elderly relatives. But I also think that old people should save up money during their working lives to look after themselves in old age.

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WRITE RIGHT!

Task 7

Write complete essays using the formats provided. You may wish to change some of the ideas.

Writing Task A

Sample Essay Outline:

Question: In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.

Suggested Notes:

I. It is a good idea for teenagers to have jobs while they are students because they can learn about responsibility; they can learn the value of money and they can learn how to work as a member of a team.

II. Students can learn responsibility.a. They have to come to work on time every day.b. They must serve customers in a friendly manner.c. They have to maintain the items on store shelves with an inventory.

III. Students can learn the value of money.a. Students will learn that it takes a lot of time and effort to make money. b. Students will make wiser choices when buying things with their own money.

IV. Students will learn how to work as a member of a team.a. Students will learn how to compromise with other employees (helping out when someone is

sick, etc.). b. Students will learn about the friendship that comes from teamwork (feeling like you can trust

others).

V. ConclusionIt is a valuable experience for teenagers to have jobs while they are students because they will learn to be responsible adults. They will have an appreciation for money and they will learn about working with others. All of these traits will benefit them throughout their lives.

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Writing Task B

Write an essay for the following question using the format provided.

“Education should be free for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?”

Outline for an Academic Essay

I. Introduction A. Introductory statement B. Thesis statement: ____________________

II. Body A. First Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence):

____________________ 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

B. Second Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence): ____________________

1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

C. Third Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence): ____________________

1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

III. Conclusion

D. Closing statement

E. Restate thesis: ____________________

Writing Task C

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Write an essay on the following statement. Justify your stand.

Modern technology is transforming the way we work and benefits all in society. Do you agree?

It is particularly important in writing an essay to display clear thinking and organisation. You should:

have a clear introduction telling the reader briefly what areas you are going to cover.

make it clear which side of an argument you are presenting. Use clear linking expressions

such as ‘On the one hand ... On the other hand’ and make sure you do not mix two sides of

an argument in the same paragraph.

give examples clearly. Choose good examples which illustrate your argument when you

take notes, and when you write, introduce them with phrases such as ‘We can see an

example of this ...’.

make it clear when you are giving your own opinion. Use expressions such as ‘in my

view’.

give a clear conclusion which relates your argument back to the original question/s and

summarises your opinion.

make sure that your English is accurate.

ensure that you write in an appropriate style, and that your grammar and spelling are

correct.

Reference

1. M.K. Tickoo, English Language Learning and Teaching.

2.Materials adapted from www.ielts.org.uk.

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