Cover Page Front - Eptri...ØReviving the Joint Forest Management mechanism by reconstituting Vana Samrakshana Samithis all over the state and making it a people centric mass movement

Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India

State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

Background

?Environment Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI) is a premier agency in India,

provides training, consultancy, applied research services and extends advocacy in the area of

environment protection to industries, regulatory bodies, Government Organizations, NGOs and

works towards bringing about change for a more balanced development. It is involved in various

activities covering environmental issues such as protected areas and biodiversity, urban

agglomeration, environmental awareness, Human Resource Development, Capacity Building and

Research.

?EPTRI brought out the first State of Environment (SoE) Report for the erstwhile Andhra Pradesh in

1999. During the Tenth Five Year Plan, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

(MoEF&CC) Government of India, assigned the task of preparing the SoE Report AP, 2003, following

Pressure, State, Impact and Response (PSIR) methodology. The SoE–A.P. Report (2003) had covered

the period from 1991 – 2001. The SoE Report of combined A.P, 2009 was also prepared by EPTRI

following PSIR methodology using available secondary data from Government Departments /

Agencies and other sources, published research work, for the period between 2002

and 2009.

?EPTRI has been entrusted by the MoEFCC for preparing the SoER for Telangana State (T.S), 2015. The

objective of preparing the SoE Report for Telangana State is to present the current State of the

Environment to sensitize citizens and other stakeholders including the Government and its

various agencies, to the pressures and threats to the various components of the environment.

Further, it aims to provide data and analysis for making informed decisions on improving the

environment by the Government, NGOs, institutions, citizens and others.

?A Steering Committee meeting conducted under the Chairmanship of Chief Secretary along with

Principal Secretaries of various departments of the Government of Telangana approved the

preparation of the State of Environment Report. As part of the formulation of the report, EPTRI has

engaged with the concerned expert for each area through initial briefing, workshops and

presentations.

?The present SoE Report for Telangana is for 2015 and covers 10 districts viz., Adilabad, Nizamabad,

Karimnagar, Medak, Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Warangal and Khammam.

The Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) methodology as suggested by MoEFCC is

adopted for preparing this report. The available secondary data from Government Departments /

Agencies and other sources i.e. published research work from 2008to 2015is included in the report.

(wherever data up to 31.03.2015 is not available, data up to the latest available date has been

incorporated).

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

i


iiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

DPSIR METHODOLOGY

Source: Statistics Related to Climate Change – India, 2013, MoSPI

Chapter wise the current state of Environment and issues are projected

PROFILE

?Telangana is a state in the Southern region of India, and is strategically located in the Deccan plateau

in the Central stretch of the eastern sea board of the Indian Peninsula. It is bordered by the states of

Maharashtra to the North and North-West and Chhattisgarh to the North, Karnataka to the West and

Andhra Pradesh to the South, East and North-East. The Climate is hot and dry with a normal annual

rainfall of about 905.3mm.

?The state has a total population of 350.04 Lakhs as per the 2011 census with males constituting

50.3% and females 49.7 %. The rural and urban population is 213.95 Lakhs and 136.09 lakhs

respectively. The state has an area of 1,12,077 Sq. km, comprising 10 districts as per 2015 data which

include Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Medak, Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy, Mahabubnagar,

Nalgonda, Warangal and Khammam. The share of Telangana's economy in India's GDP is about 4.1 %

in 2015-16.

NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT

?Telangana is rich in mineral resources. The Coal reserves of Telangana is 7% of the Country’s coal

deposits. Other significant minerals in the state include limestone, bauxite and mica. The state is home

to prominent perennial rivers such as Godavari in the north and the Krishna in the south and has 78%

of the Godavari and 68% of Krishna basin catchment area.

o o ?With a hot and dry climate, the mean maximum temperature varies between 40 C and 43 C in May

o o and the mean minimum temperature between 13 C and17 C in December and January. Average

annual rainfall of the state is 905.3 mm, 80% of which is received from South-west monsoon.

?Some of the districts which have high exposure to drought are the dry regions like Mahabubnagar and

Nalgonda. The dry conditions are mainly due to their geographic location and the influence of

parameters like distribution of rainfall.

?The Forest area in the state is 27,292 Sq. km which amounts 24.35% of the state area


iiiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

FORESTS

? Telangana has a forest and tree cover of 21.02% of the State's geographical area, which accounts for

3.04% of India's forest and tree cover. As per ISFR 2015, in Telangana State there is a decrease of 204

sq. km in Moderately Dense forest category and an increase of 29 sq. km in Very Dense Forest category

compared to ISFR 2013. There is a slight increase of 11 sq. km in open forest and scrub forest

categories. Khammam district alone had lost 142 sq. km of forest cover, highest loss in any one

district in the whole of India. Warangal district lost 59 sq. km of forest cover in the 2 -.year period.

?There is extensive destruction of young crop for fencing purpose, both around individual

households as well as farmlands. More than 60% of the households still depend on firewood for

cooking purpose. The destruction of habitat for meeting the firewood needs of people is quite high.

One study carried out by Forest Academy, Dulapally indicated that 40% of the value of removal of Non

Timber Forest Produce annually from the forests of Telangana is due to fire wood, fencing material

and housing material.

Key challenges-Forests

ØReviving the Joint Forest Management mechanism by reconstituting Vana Samrakshana Samithis all

over the state and making it a people centric mass movement for achieving 100 crore tree goal

inside the forest area.

ØEnsuring that the Natural regeneration gets established and young seedlings and saplings are fully

protected so as to achieve the goal of having 100 crore additional trees inside the reserve forest area

in the next 3 years.

ØImprovement in forest protection with the help of the people to prevent forest fires, grazing and

illegal mining in the forest areas.

ØPreventing fresh encroachment and evicting the existing encroachers from the forest area by

providing gainful employment to the people dependent on forests.

ØManaging 25% of the State's geographical area with inadequate field staff and with more than 50%

of the sanctioned posts lying vacant.

ØImplementing all the Working Plan prescriptions in true letter and spirit by providing the requisite

budgetary support.

ØStrict implementation of the legal provisions in conserving forest resources, so that there is better

access control mechanism in place in the forest areas.

ØImproving forest productivity not only in terms of timber, but also NTFP including medicinal plants

and ensuring effective groundwater recharge, apart from soil conservation.

ØEnsuring synergy between different stakeholders including Government agencies, NGOs and

industry for the betterment of forest areas.

ØEncouraging better collaboration mechanism between various legal entities like BMCs (Biological

Diversity Management Committees), Forest Protection Committees under RoFR (to be constituted by

every Gram Sabha) for enforcement of duties of right holders and Executive entities like HRC (Haritha

Rakshana Committee), VSS (Vana Samrakshana Samithi) and EDC (Eco development Committee).

ØControlling the fragmentation of forest land to provide continuous stretch of forest for the

improvement of forest protection and free movement of wildlife.


ivState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

Key Recommendations-Forestry

?Boundary Demarcation

?Fire Management

?Check on Grazing

?Firewood removal from the use in dhabas, hotels, hostels and Counsel villagers for alternatives and /

or rational usage

?Check on Fencing material

?Silvi cultural Practices (for protecting Natural Regeneration, improving tree cover)

BIODIVERSITY

?The state harbors a total of 2,800 taxa belonging to 1,051 genera under 185 families. This accounts for

16% of the Angiosperms known from India. There are 10 national parks or wildlife sanctuaries, 65

sacred groves, about 30 lakes provide potential habitats for biodiversity of the state.

?Telangana has 17 species of Amphibians, 65 species of reptiles and 103 species of mammals are

assessed for threatened status by Species Specialist Group of IUCN. The assessed species in IUCN red list

constitute only 30 % and rest of the species are either not assessed or data is insufficient. The species of

birds for the state are estimated around 275- 300.

Key challenges - Biodiversity

?A comprehensive list of flora and fauna for the state is incomplete and is essential to assess diversity and

distribution patterns.

?A complete assessment of all the Telangana vertebrate (Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals) species is

unavailable.

?The information on invertebrate groups is limited to few groups; explorations concerning to Porifera,

Nematoda, Mollusca and some groups of Arthropoda are wanting in the region. There is very little

information on biology, distribution and population of endemic mammals. Many species are known only

by the type series or even by single type specimen. A thorough check list of Vertebrates for the state is

essential

?Many declared protected areas do not have any base documents for the flora and fauna and this remains

a limitation in the scientific management of these areas. Equally, none of the listed water bodies were

projected as suitable candidates as “Wetlands of National Importance” or as “Ramsar sites”" for want of

this documentation.

?The faunal resources are threatened by habitat loss.

?Diversion of forests for agriculture, power and mining projects, extension of roads has resulted in the

fragmentation of the forests and also loss of habitats. Major areas of the state have been brought under

extensive cultivation.

?The forest cover is being degraded with every passing year with GIS surveys indicating a drop in the

forest lands in many districts.

Recommended Actions - Biodiversity

?Inclusive documentation of bio-resources for their well-being, sustainable exploitation and

management and protecting the specific functionalities of the ecosystems and habitats.

?The State Biodiversity Board should be strengthened with diverse experts working on bio resources to

manage and assess multiple implications of its depletion. Both Botanical and Zoological surveys should

work in coordination with Biodiversity Board to provide authentic information on biodiversity wealth

and to take appropriate decisions.


1State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.3


1State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.3


vState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

?Universities and research institutions may be advised to take up research of local relevance on

biodiversity, taxonomy, exploitability of these resources and conservation. Capacity building for

developing experts in biodiversity studies and conservation management may be made focus of

institutions working on biodiversity.

?The relevance of resource surveys in biodiversity conservation is to be fully appreciated. Both Botanical

and Zoological surveys should play a greater role with state forest department in all activities

concerning to conservation.

?Encourage programs on In-situ and ex-situ conservation of rare, threatened and endangered species.

?Increase Awareness among local people in the identification and conservation of endemic species. Apart

from exclusive awareness programmes, the work on People's Biodiversity Registers should be initiated

more systematically to bring in awareness on bio resources.

?Promote exclusive and focused programs on documentation of protected areas for better scientific

management.

?Promote exclusive and focused programs on the aquatic flora of the state to project certain water bodies

for Ramsir Sites or Wetlands of National Importance.

?The pressures generated through exploiting/harvesting diverse plant resources are known. There is no

substantial statistical data to quantify such pressures and to assess the impacts generated through this

harvesting/exploitation on individual components or biodiversity as a whole. Such programs can be

identified and executed to project long term implications on the flora/fauna owing to such pressures.

?The faunal resources are threatened by habitat loss and therefore strengthening and expanding

protected area networks must be the top priority of the state. Protected areas hold the line on

safeguarding the threatened species. Over 50 % of all vulnerable species occur in at least one or the

other protected area in Telangana

WATER RESOURCES AND IRRIGATION

?The demand for water in Telangana has been increasing over the years and this has led to water scarcity

in many parts of the State. The State has 68% of Krishna basin catchment area and 78% of the Godavari

river basin catchment. Proper management and utilization of existing water resource infrastructure,

and reaching the least in drought-prone area will be the major challenge for the governing system.

?The gross irrigated area increased from 29, 98,798 Ha in 2010 – 11 to 31, 54,317 Ha in 2013-14.Net

irrigated area also increased from 20, 03,987 Ha in 2010 – 11 to 22, 79,650 Ha in 2013-14.

?Rainfall was below normal almost from 2006-07 to 2009-10 and also during 2011-12 and 2014-15, but

during the years 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2013-14, improved remarkably. 2013-14 recorded highest

rainfall of 1212.2mm. Further the gross area irrigated dropped from 31, 54,317 hectares in 2013-14 to

25, 28,956 Hectares in 2014-15 due to poor rainfall.

?The study of depth to water level map of March-16 indicates deep water levels of more than 20metres

are observed in most parts of Medak, Mahabubnagar, Ranga Reddy, Nizamabad, Nalgonda and parts of

Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Adilabad districts.

?Fluoride in drinking water was found high in districts like Nalgonda. (Under WHO norms, the

permissible limit is 1mg per litre)

?There are about 46,531 Minor Irrigation Sources and other water bodies with an irrigation potential of

25 lakh acres. Only 37% of their actual potential was put to use leaving a gap of 63% of unutilized

irrigation potential.

?The Government of Telangana has launched a flagship program for providing drinking water at the door

step of household by name “Intintiki Nalla” under 'Mission Bhagiratha' for the Urban & Rural areas by


viState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

instituting the Telangana Drinking Water Supply Corporation.

?Under Mission Kakatiya, the Government has prioritized to take the restoration of minor irrigation

tanks to restore them to store their original capacity and to effectively utilize the 265 TMC of water

allocated for Minor irrigation sector under Godavari & Krishna River basins.

?The Government has taken two major initiatives (i) launching of 'Mission Kakatiya' to repair and revive

the existing tanks to their full potential, and (ii) accordingly high priority was given to complete all

major irrigation projects to utilise State's water share from major rivers, duly modifying the design,

wherever necessary, to suit the State's needs.

?The Government has launched schemes like, Mission Bhageeratha, Grama Jyothi and Telangana Palle

Pragathi, focussing on drinking water supply, empowering Gram Panchayats and improving livelihood

opportunities of poor rural households.

Key challenges – Water Resources and Irrigation

?Wells remain the primary source of irrigation as shown below. The share of canals as a source of

irrigation averages between 10-15 % in most years even during the periods of abundant rainfall. The

progressive increase in irrigation has led to loss of groundwater recharge, the decline in the water table

and slowdown in the growth of irrigated acreage, reducing farmers' incomes.

Net area irrigated by different sources, 2008-09 to 2014-15 (in hectares)

S.No. Source 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

1 Tanks 2,38,019 56,852 2,37,968 1,82,702 1,57,662 2,28,171 96,780

2 Canals 2,73,579 1,37,452 3,15,754 3,25,317 90,296 2,88,803 1,73,688

3 Wells (Tube

& Dug)

13,10,274 12,59,387 13,95,606 14,23,259 14,85,848 17,10,653 14,13,096

4 Other

sources

60,518 39,135 54,659 53,340 40,311 52,023 42,739

Total 18,82,390 14,92,826 20,03,987 19,84,618 17,74,117 22,79,650 17,26,303

Source: Statistical year Book, 2016, Pg.No.120, DES, Govt. of Telangana

Recommended Actions – Water Resources and Irrigation

?Measures to avoid Groundwater Exploitation.

?Attention on scientific rain water harvesting in urban and rural areas needs to be encouraged.

?Possibility of encouraging solar power for Lift Irrigation.

?Promotion of water saving techniques in agriculture through drip and sprinkler irrigation and less

water intensive crops as preferential option for sustainable development.

?Ground water laws like WALTA Act need strict implementation.

?Implement effective measures to prevent pollution of water bodies due to industries.

?Adoption of best Crop Water Management techniques considering Surface water, Ground water, Soil

moisture and Rainfall.

?The Tanks under Minor Irrigation need to consider other uses like fishing, drinking water etc.

?Drought Management techniques exercising control over irrigation schedule is needed.

?Small pools and ponds need conversion as percolation tanks which help groundwater recharge.

?Revival and rejuvenation of water bodies in the state is critical, in this process desiltation of tanks is to be

taken up under Mission Kakatiya to increase their water holding capacity.

?Incentivising recycling and reuse of urban wastewater.


viiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SECTORS

?Telangana State covers a geographical area of over 112.08 lakh hectares. Of the total area, about 39%

is under agriculture and around 23 % is under forest cover. Land put to non-agriculture uses is

around 8%.?The Agriculture sector in the state has been experiencing negative growth in the last two years, on

account of consecutive drought and structural rigidity. Crops were badly affected and recorded a

negative growth of 18.2%. However, this was partially compensated by the positive growth registered in

Livestock (12.2%), Fisheries (17.8%), Mining and Quarrying (6.9%) sectors.

?Both total cropped area and net area sown decreased in 2014-15 as compared to previous year due to

drought and low rainfall and hence there was an increase in current fallow land.

?Land put to non-agricultural uses and culturable waste increased from 824 to 885 thousand hectares and 170 to 182 thousand hectares respectively from 2009-10 to 2014-15 which is of concern to meet the food security demand of the state.

?Increase in population has put pressure, leading to fragmentation of landholdings.?Average landholding in Telangana in 2010-11 was 1.12 hectares (2.8 acres) as against the all India

average of 1.16 hectares. There are 55.54 lakh operational holdings with an area of 61.97 lakh ha.

?The Gross irrigated area in the State during 2014-15 was 25.29 lakh hectares as compared to 31.54 lakh

hectares in previous year, showing a negative growth of 20%. Similarly, Net irrigated area decreased

from 22.8 lakh hectares (2013-14) to 17.26 lakh hectares (2014-15), showing a negative growth of

about 24%.

?As per the 2011-12 prices, agriculture & allied activities share in total Gross Value Added (GVA) was 12.9

%, whereas about 55.6 % of total workforce is dependent on it. In terms of nature of employment, 45.8 %

of the total workforce is reported to be self-employed; 35.4 % as casual labour and about 16.1 % as

wage/salaried earners and about 2.7 % as contract workers.

?The area under food grains has decreased to 26.13 lakh hectares during 2014-15 from 34.31 lakh

hectares in 2013-14.

?The decrease in area under food grain crops is due to non-receipt of sufficient water in irrigation sources and untimely rains. This has led to decrease in the production of food grains by 32.45% in 2014-15 as compared to previous year.

Allied sectors

st rd?Telangana ranks 1 in Turmeric and3 in fruitsunder cultivated area in India.? Total area under horticulture covers 10.86 lakh hectares with a total production of 112.56 lakh MTs.

?Out of the total production of horticulture in 2015-16, fruits constitute around 55% followed by

vegetables, spices and flowers with 36%, 8% and 0.2% respectively.rd?Telangana stands 3 in egg production in the country with an annual output of 1061 crore eggs,.th th

?Telangana stands 6 in the country in annual meat production (5.05 lakh MT). It occupies 13 position in

milk production with annual production of 42.07 lakh MT of milk,.

?During 2015-16 - 2.37 Lakh tonnes of fish and prawn were produced in Telangana as against target of

3.20 Lakh tonnes. The production of fish and prawn which was 1.36 lakh tonnes in 2009-10 has

increased to 2.68 lakh tonnes in 2014-15 in Telangana

?Fisheries sector contributed about 0.6 % to the State GVA in 2015-16.

Key challenges -Agriculture and allied sectors

?Semi-arid climate restricts the growth of natural vegetation, due to which organic matter in soils is

limited and inherently poor in available nitrogen, the chief nutrient for plant growth.


viiiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

?63% of the agriculture is rain fed, which is exposed to the hostilities of climate.

?Among the farming community, about 85% of farmers are either marginal or small with poor socio-

economic condition.

?Low mechanization levels andhigh labour cost have increased the cost of cultivation.

?Agricultural extension is devoid of adequate manpowerstrength and mobility to address each and every

farmer at right time.

Recommended actions – Agriculture and allied sectors

ØDiscouraging excess use of chemical fertilizers to prevent soil damage.

ØEmpowering the farmers in seed management, enabling them to acquire quality seed in right time.

ØPromotion of organic farming under PMKY – “Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana” scheme.

ØEnsuring minimum support price and organized marketing for horticulture products.

ØEstablishing of cold storage facilities in market yards.

ØGovernment should formulate and implement single window policies for better farming by the

farmers.

ØRegular monitoring of markets for complete elimination of banned pesticides.

ØEncourage farmers to develop farm ponds on their farms.

ØEncourage Farmer Producer Groups for collective marketing system through self-help groups.

ØRegular allocation and release of budget especially for farmer / farm related government schemes and

programmes.

ØIdentification and promotion of crop colonies? through suitable market linkages to procure and assure

the support prices by Government. agencies without the intervention of the middlemen.

ØEncourage certified seed production through seed village (cluster approach) programme.

ØPromotion of water saving techniques in agriculture through drip and sprinkler irrigation and less

water intensive crops as preferential option for sustainable development.

ØEncourage drip irrigation in drought prone areas.

ØProduction incentives to the farmers growing especially for Soybean, Pulses, Cereals, Millets etc.

ØProvision of quality plant material and establishment of high capacity cold storage facilities and

processing industries for horticulture crops.

ØEncourage farmers to adopt integrated farming system, i.e., keeping up of milch cattle, sheep / goat and

backyard poultry along with main crop enterprises through provision of suitable incentives.

ØPromote fodder cultivation in both public and private lands to meet needs of cattle and livestock units.

At least 10% of farmers holding should be under fodder and feed for their livestock needs.

ØEach farmer data should be kept online linking with Aadhar card. Bank policies should be flexible for

financial assistance to Farmer Producer Organizations.

ØAs the existing insurance schemes often fail to reach them in their need, the government should come

up with a new agricultural insurance policy for the benefit of farming community.

ØFisheries are not taken up in a big way in the state in spite of vast potential, hence focus should be on

fish seed production involving both Government and private sectors.

ØGovernment should make necessary institutional arrangement for setting up of local post-harvest

management technologies to increase the incomes of small and marginal farmers through value

addition, grading, labelling, packing, storing, and forward market linkages.

ENERGY

ØThe State's power supply network consists of 1683 Circuit Kilometer (CKM) of Extra High Tension

(EHT) lines, 167034 CKM of High Tension (HT) lines, 310507 CKM of low Tension (LT) lines and 1338


ixState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

substations, is one of the largest networks in the country supplying power to over 8 Million consumers.

ØThe power available for use was around 67387 million units (MU) with a per capita annual

Consumption of around 746 kWh. There are 6,74,217 distribution transformers and 3723 sub-station

in the State.

ØDedicated feeders are provided to 226 HT lift irrigation (LI) schemes. 1217 Special Industrial Express

Feeders have been separated to ensure uninterrupted supply to industries.

ØInstalled capacity increased by 1127 MW from 3238.26 MW in 2009-10 to 4365.26 MW in 2014-15,

registering around 34.8% growth. Power generation increased by 5950 MU from 2009-10 (33622 MU)

to 2014-15 (39572 MU) with 17.7% growth in the period, to meet the growing demand of domestic,

industrial, agricultural, commercial and public lighting sectors.

ØPower generation in the State for 2014-15, which includes State projects' contribution at 25193 MU

(63.66%), Central projects at 12786.25 MU (32.31%), private & captive power projects at 1592.12 MU

(4.02%). State and Central projects are taking major responsibility to meet the ever-increasing power

demand in the State.

Recommended Actions

ØThe supply-side planning includes decreasing the losses in transmission and distribution, co-

generation and captive power. Demand-side management includes energy conservation, alternative

sources of energy such as non-conventional and renewable sources of energy systems. The remaining

deficit managed through changing typology of industry and borrowing from the grid etc.

ØThe salient features of the strategy / proposed energy plan for the year 2018-19 that would ensure a win-win relationship amongst energy and development is:?Reduction in energy-use intensities in income generating activities through structural

adjustments of activity typology and ensuring linkages along value addition chain and optimal use of resource endowment .

?The prioritized energy management options in the state till the year 2018-19 would be:

?Adopt power conservation practices in agriculture shift to LPG in domestic sector

?Adoption of concentrated solar thermal in industrial process heating, cooking and cooling

applications

?Adoption of industrial waste to energy on a wider scale that would decrease the fuel

requirements in process heating

?Adoption of energy efficiency measures in industrial clusters viz. rice milling, pharma & bulk

drugs

?Plan for co-generation and captive power plants for industrial sector and augmentation of

projected supply-demand gap by 60 %

?Selection of industry typology with minimization of energy intensity in region.

ØTechnological interventions would primarily aim at:

?Up-gradation of transmission and distribution systems to minimize T & D losses and

strengthening of grid to improve reliability of power supply in all the sub-regions.

ØPolicy reforms are to be aimed at:

?Correcting the market -bias and policy failures that lead to over exploitation of non-priced and

under priced energy resources

?Gradual shift towards minimizing energy intensities and ecological loading to meet the human

needs and maximise equitable quality of life

?Economizing of scarce administrative skills and financial resources for implementation of

power systems

?Zoning regulations across the region particularly for siting of industry with consideration of


xState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

power supply situation and regional imbalances

?Facilitating bulk consumers of power to invest in captive infrastructure development and /or

distribution

?Facilitating community and private sector participation in energy supply

?Pricing of power to reflect environmental damages, resources development costs and socio-

economic preferences

?Encouraging value addition at all stages with respect to power and energy usage

?Design of financial policy instruments with appropriate risk sharing for making private

investment in power sector development

ØInstitutional capacity building would target at:

?Strengthening technical skills in monitoring, collection and analysis of information, and design

of implementation plans

?Modification of administrative procedures that undermine ability to enforce plans

?design of administrative procedures of coordination / facilitation

?design of system that could ensure public participation in energy management

?Strengthening in preparation of energy audits in industrial organizations.

MINING

?Telangana has a varied geology having a wide variety of minerals suitable for specific mineral

industries. The State has deposits of various minerals viz: Coal, Limestone, Dolomite, Manganese,

Quartz, Feldspar, Stowing Sand, Laterite, Iron Ore, Clays, Yellow Ochre, Barites, Uranium, Black

&Color Granites, Limestone Slabs, Fullers Earth, Marble, Road Metal/Building Stone/Ballast,

Gravel/Earth and Ordinary Sand.

?The State produces about 33 million tons of industrial minerals, 61 million tons of coal and 54

million cubic meters of dimensional stones and building material.

?The Mineral & Mining Sector in the State contributed a revenue of Rs.2758.66 Crores during the

year 2015-16 with a growth of 40.15% over the last year? Which year achievement Rs.1968.27

Crores).

?Mineral consumption is on increase due to promotion of various industries and manufacture of

mineral based products.

?Limestone is consumed in the manufacture of cement by 21 cement plants (10 Major and 11 Minor

plants) with a capacity of 11.56 MTPA.

?There are 1186 leases for Granite useful for cutting & polishing covering an extent of 2764 Ha.

?The State is also endowed with a number of scattered low grade Iron ore deposits in Warangal,

Adilabad, Khammam and Karimanagar Districts. The Bayyaram Iron Ore deposit has estimated

reserves of about 11 Million Tons and is a promising source for establishment of Pelletization

Plant.

?Uranium deposits with estimated reserves of 11000 Tons exist in Lambapur, Pulicherla,

Nammapuram and Yellapuram Villages of Nalgonda District.

?Manganese is found in Adilabad District. The Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration &

Research conducting exploration for evaluation of uranium deposit in Amarabad Tiger Reserve,

Nalgonda-Mahabubnagar District.

?Low grade scattered Manganese deposit occur in Adilabad District, after enrichment being used

for manufacture of ferro-manganese/silico-manganese alloys. ?Tan Brown porphyritic granite deposit occurring as younger emplacements in Karimnagar District


xiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

are unique and being minedon a large scale by private sector. The Tandur Blue Limestone Slabs

(Shahabad Stone) useful for flooring, are available in Ranga Reddy District. Gneissic Granite deposit

found in Bheemgal and other areas in Nizamabad District is mostly used for manufacture of

monuments in the trade name of Indian Aurora.

?The Dolerite dykes occurring in Khammam, Warangal, Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar Districts are

famous for extraction of cut & dressed blocks of Jet Black, Absolute Black, Tiger Skin and other

varieties of Granite used for flooring, Kitchen tops,elevation, monuments etc.

?More than 60 kimberlite/lamproite pipes i.e. source rock for Diamond have been discovered in

Mahabubnagar and Nalgonda districts but the worthiness will be known after further exploration

and evaluation, in view of the fact that in many cases the source rock may be barren.

Key challenges – Mining

There is a substantial scope for exploration of premier minerals like Lead, Zinc, Copper and Other Base

Metas in the state. The challenges like lack of sufficient exploration infrastructure for resource evaluation

of mineral deposits have limited the overall investment in mining sector in the state for the past few

decades.

Recommended actions – Mining

?Quantum of Biodiversity is at threat, due to mining.

?Patta lands should be banned from sand mining.

?Solar panel and Wind mill energy may be installed on over burdens from mining areas.

?Mining waste – Waste should be utilized for building material (Ex- Granite waste, Slurry)

?Fly ash and Cement Industry linkage should be established for the proper disposal of Fly ash to

prevent pollution, beside usage in mine closure/reclamation.

?Groundwater safety clearance must be made mandatory before according clearance to mines

(minor or major).

?The abandoned mines or quarries may be utilized for installing the solar panels for generating solar

energy.

?Mine quarry pits can be used for water storage.

?Enforcing measures for control of air, water and soil pollution in mining and quarrying areas.

?Systematic reclamation of exhausted mines in an effective manner.

?Regular health check for miners, neighbourhood villages and others associated with mining and

quarrying.

?Alternate measures to be made available in place of usage of river sand with Flyash for filling the

underground mines.

?The recent Uranium mineral discovery in Nalgonda district should be properly developed in an eco-

friendly manner and it can be a future source of energy.

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

?The State of Telangana is home to several major manufacturing industries in bulk drugs,

pharmaceuticals, Information Technology (IT) and allied services, agro-processing, cement &

mineral-based industries, high precision engineering, textiles, leather, apparels, automobiles and

auto components industry, spices, horticulture, poultry farming, biotechnology, defence

equipment etc.,

?Knowledge based industries such as ITES, Pharma and Engineering components have a strong

presence in Telangana. They are largely located in Hyderabad and Ranga Reddy districts, which

have strong infrastructure such as SEZs, availability of skilled manpower and research institutions.

Nizamabad, Karimnagar and Warangal districts are largely dependent on agriculture and are in


xiiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

need of industrial development.

?Between 2004-05 and2013-14, the state registered an average growth rate of 9.4% per annum as

against the national average of 6.9% at constant prices (2004-05).

?The State Government has introduced a new scheme called the "Industrial Infrastructure

Development Fund" (IIDF) in G.O.Ms.No.42, Industries & Commerce Dept., dated: 5th May, 2011.

?In the year 2013, TSIIC (Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation) in association with

German International Corporation (GIZ) launched five point program to retrofit IT industries of

Madhapur and Nanakramguda into Green Industrial Parks. The program is targeted to retrofit

(upgrade) the IT Parks to world class standards by introducing concepts of green buildings, cycling

to work, increasing green cover, waste management, rainwater management and making the

buildings barrier free for usage by physically challenged and disabled people.

?About 25 Industrial Parks in 2013 and 45 Industrial Parks in 2014 participated in the IEID which

covered 6 major aspects for each selected industrial park;

?All new industrial parks since 2006 are required to apply for EIA as per EIA Notification 2006.

Key challenges – Industrial Development

ØEnvironmental Management Data base on industrial establishments, number of operating

industries their water consumption, wastewater discharge and pollution loads need to be regularly

compiled.

Recommended actions – Industrial Development

The “Telangana State Industrial Project Approval and Self Certification System (TS-iPASS) Act,

2014” was enacted to create investor friendly environment by repealing the AP Industrial Single

Window Clearance Act, 2002. It provides speedy processing of applications for issue of various

clearances at a single point. TS-iPASS is forward-looking and a model legislation in the country as it

provides novel provisions such as automatic approval system on submission of self-certification by

entrepreneurs.

?Region wise documentation of environmental pollution monitoring with respect to Air, Water and

soil has to be taken up.

?Decentralization policy to be included for Industries in different zones.

?CSR policy of company is to be included – A case study towards environment.

?Community involvement should be inculcated to monitor the industrial activities.

?Granite cutting and polishing slurry may be utilized for civil construction works.

?Pollution from Para boiled rice mills needs attention.

?There should be Common effluent treatment plants for treating the waste before discharge.

?To establish the biomedical waste plant is compulsory, for the proper waste management in rural

areas too.?

?Proper waste management should be adopted for the industrial clusters.

?Pollution mapping – what kind of Industry be located in different region with a map and full

justification?

?Promoting reduce-recycle-reuse based manufacturing units.

?Improvements of Industrial energy efficiency through Energy audits.

?Promotion of non-conventional energy usage.

?Establishments of subsidy schemes for pollution control equipments for small scale industries.

? Achievement of compliance with regulation in respect of health and safety equipments. Conduct

regular medical check-ups for personnel in industries.


xiiiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

TRANSPORT

?Telangana has 24,245 km of road length with 3,152 km of State Highways, 12,079 km of Major

District Roads, and 9,014 km of Other District Roads. 16 National Highways pass through the State

covering a length of 2,592 km, out of which 868 km are with National Highways Authority of India

(NHAI).

?Road Transport effects the environment severely and is most prevalent. The vehicular population is

increasing with each passing day, putting huge pressure on the available natural resources, as well

as putting pressure on roads and other infrastructure.

?From 6,906 road accident deaths in 2014, the number of fatalities increased up to 7,110 in 2015.The

major reasons behind the fatalities are due to lack of following traffic rules and also high density of

the vehicles in the traffic.

?The number of vehicles has increased from 81.80 vehicles per 1000 population in 2005,to 253

vehicles per 1000 population in 2016, an increase of 152.76% as compared to the estimated

population increase of 113.57%.

?Year wise vehicle growth in Hyderabad and Rangareddy regions is high in comparison to the other

districts of the state. High growth in districts is indicative of poor inter-city public transport

facilities.

?Statistics related to consumption of petrol reveals a 12 to 13% increase every year from 2008-09 to

2010-11 and between 2013-14 and2014-15. Growth of 14.2 % is observed within 2015 to 2016.

Hyderabad and Rangareddy districts are the predominant consumers of petrol. A similar trend is

witnessed in diesel consumption. Consumption of HSD in the road transport sector increased by

9.5% from 34.01lakh kilolitres in 2014-15 to 37.23 lakh kilolitres in 2015-16, the consumption of

motor spirit increased at a higher rate of nearly 14.2% from 11.29 lakh kilolitres in 2014-15 to 12.91

lakh kilolitres in 2015-16. Studies predict that the energy use by the transport sector will increase

two to fourfold over the next 20 years.

?District wise analysis of the services by the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC)

depicts that the number of routes and the number of Fleet held have been on increase from 2007-08

to 2014-15 due to growth in population. In Hyderabad alone, it is observed that there is an increase

of 241.5 lakh kilometers distance covered by the TSRTC vehicles, in a span of seven years as

observed from the year 2007-08 to 2014-15.

?The percentage of Km operated per bus decreased by 5.49 % in Hyderabad and decreased 9 % in

Rangareddy district. This is an indication of increasing congestion on roads and possibly the ageing

of fleet. Whereas in other districts, km operated per bus has increased, while the passenger carried

per day remains the same.

?Telangana's rail network connects all its major districts with Route Kilometrage of 1676.175, which

is under broad-gauge, served under South Central Railway. The major railway stations in the state

are Secunderabad, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Mancherial, Warangal, Janampeta,

Hyderabad, Khammam, Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar and Kurnool.

?Apart, a Multi Modal Transport System (MMTS), (a suburban rail system) with the augmented

capacity of existing railway lines covering 43km and 27 stations.

?The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) Hyderabad is the only airport in state of Telangana

with connections to domestic and international destinations. The airport handles 20,000

passengers daily with about 300 aircraft movements of 16 international and 10 domestic airlines.

?Traffic Congestion needsto be addressed as it consumes time of motorists, and increases air

pollution and carbon dioxide emissions (contributing to global warming), Acceleration and braking

increase fuel use and in theory cause rise in fuel costs.


xivState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

?The expansion of the existing network capacity and the addition of new transport links and

corridors is a must as the state is poised for significant economic growth in next decade.

Key challenges - Transport

Ø

Recommended actions - Transport

?Public transport needs to improve on the factors of dependability, travel time and interconnections

to attract commuters who use private transport . Long-distance and city routes should be

separated, since they cater entirelyto different clientele and with different commuting patterns.

?There is a need to monitor the construction and the maintenance of the Foot path and the

Pedestrian / cycling Infrastructure.

?Bio-fuels vehicles should be increased to reduce the pollution levels.

?Promoting electric vehicles by giving subsidies

?Switching public transport to lower carbon fuels viz: CNG, LPG and electricity

?Strict policy should be implemented to phase out of old vehicles in the state.

?Discouraging inefficient vehicles by imposing carbon tax

?Regular vehicle checking should be implemented to reduce the pollution levels.

?Declaration of “No horn” zones around hospitals and schools and strict enforcement through

penalties

?Specific signage'sshould be placed for accident prone zones

?Traffic rules should be clearly indicated in the public places.

TOURISM

?Telangana, the 29th and youngest state of India, formally recognized on June 2, 2014 is a treasure

trove of tourist destinations. One of the largest states in South India, Telangana is known for its

hospitality and multicultural and pluralistic society.

?Hyderabad was ranked second among the “Best of the World - 20 Places You Should see in 2015”

list, published in the annual guide of National Geographic Traveler magazine. It is also a major

destination for Health Tourism.

?The MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions.) industry has been growing in

Hyderabad and is an important contributor to state's economy.

?For the development and management of heritage sites and protected monuments, the th

Government has undertaken the works of conservation and restoration under 13 Finance

Commission Grants to bring the best conservation, restoration and management practices for

protected monuments and heritage sites.

?Tourism has the potential to expose the cultural heritage and ecological sites to tourists from

within and outside the State in addition to earning revenue and promoting employment.

?Key challenges – Tourism

? Government should aim at creating proper infrastructure, speedy clearances, and make effective

policies to regulate the tourism sector and to gain the confidence of foreign tourists.

?A number of projects in the tourism infrastructure segment and in the hotels industry are delayed

due to approval of licenses.

Traffic Congestion needs to be addressed as it consumes time of motorists, and increases air pollution

and carbon dioxide emissions (contributing to global warming), Acceleration and braking increase fuel

use and in theory cause rise in fuel costs.

Ø The expansion of the existing network capacity and the addition of new transport links and

corridors is must as the state is poised for significant economic growth in next decade.


xvState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

Recommended actions - Tourism

?Tribal population and forest department in collaboration with tourism department must

coordinate to preserve the natural heritage structures and develop Ecotourism. Green building

technology is to be encouraged for the tourism industry to decrease its impact on the environment.

?Promotion of LED lighting, solar systems and energy efficient technologies in hotels, tourist lodges,

cottages and popular tourist spots.

?Key tourism villages / tourist destinations should be identified for activities like improving the

environment, hygiene, infrastructure etc. with a 'whole village / destination' approach.

?Local involvement, sound legislation and realistic planning are crucial for development of

tourism with environmental management.

?Purchasing policy of the government should encourage environmentally responsible and eco-

`friendly products for building materials, capital goods, food and consumables.

?Gram Panchayats or Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to be consulted in planning or development of t h e

destinations as the ownership on those destinations lies with the local authorities.

?Re-introduction of home stay concept in Hyderabad, district headquarters, towns and villages of

tourism importance etc.

?There is need for professionally trained and authorised tourist guides

?Separate help desk for physically challenged and Menu cards and other information to be

provided in Braille script for visually impaired

?Tourist Police should be deployed across all tourist destinations of the state, particularly at

remote tourist destinations for safety and security of tourists.

?To direct the development and promotion of tourism in the newly born state, a cutting-edge

tourism policy is highly recommended.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

?In 2011 Telangana had a Total Urban Population of 1.36 crore persons (Census 2011) that

accounted for 38.88 % of the state's total population.

? There are 15 Class I Cities with a Total Urban Population of 97. 33 lac persons.

? There are 26 Class II Cities with a population of 16. 52 lacs & 41 Class III Towns with a total

urban population of 13.58 lacs persons. 43 Class IV towns with 4.87 lacs, 32 Class-V with 1.88 lac

& 3 Class VI Towns with 11706 persons.

? Number of persons > 6 year of age in urban areas had gone upto 4.3 crores (2011) in

comparison to 3.7 crores in 2001.

?Urbanization has led to an increase in literacy with Total Literacy inage group > 7 years is

estimated at 84.1% in urban areas

?In Hyderabad, data for apartments indicated a 10.0% growth, 13.6% in rental yield, 2.8% in

demand and 4.0% in supply. At present, there is a glut in apartments for high-end consumers.

There is a need for housing for middle and low-income groups.

?The major manufacturing industries in Telangana that boost the urbanization process are IT,

pharmaceuticals, medicinal, clinical and botanical products units.

Key challenges - Urban development

?Lack of employment opportunities in rural areas and hardship faced by persons involved in

agricultural activities is driving the rural to urban areas in the state. Both seasonal and permanent

migration in search of better livelihood to urban areas from rural hinterland is a major contributor

to the urbanization process.


xviState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

?The development of infrastructure in urban areas is at a slow pace. Thepopulation influx from rural

areas has led to growth of slums, degradation of vegetation and contamination of water bodies.

?Increased use of energy owing to change in urban lifestyle and generation of a huge quantum of

waste are some of the causes for urban area decay. Hence it is essential to identify and recommend

certain actions and good practices for adoption by civic authorities and the citizens at once.

?Air Quality has deteriorated leading to health issues in urban areas. The factors that have led to

excessive pollution in air are highway construction, road laying and traffic congestions.

Recommended actions – Urban development

?Improve and augment water storage capacity: Drainage and sewer lines are currently inadequate for

the urban residents. It is essential to extend the works carried out under Mission Kakatiya to urban

areas to improve water holding capacity in lakes and reservoirs to accommodate heavy rainfall

overland flows.

?Improve access to safe drinking water : There is a need to develop sources for safe drinking water

supply in urban and rural areas as there is an increased demand for water by growing urban

population.

?Improve sanitation to curb increased threat to urban health owing to vector borne diseases.

?Develop Green Infrastructure in urban areas through encouraging use of natural lighting in

buildings.

?Increasing population, growth in concrete structures and air conditioning and vehicular traffic are

leading to increase in ambient temperature. There is a need to develop and maintain vegetation,

rooftop gardens and greening of buildings to check this trend.

?There is a need to increase public awareness among households to encourage use of energy efficient

appliances, energy conservation through energy star program and introduction of alternative and

renewable sources of energy.

?To increase public awareness about energy conservation, there is a need for regular energy audits to

monitor use and efficient use of CFL bulbs and lights.

?Need to encourage use of in-situ PV and solar thermal systems for energy and water heating in public,

commercial and private buildings.

?Solar-powered street lighting and its use in buildings.

?The issue of soil and water conservation could be addressed in urban areas by development of

biosoils for encouraging natural water percolation and for ground water recharge. This would help

reduce urban flooding.

?Currently road networks are narrow leading to vehicular pollution. There is a need to increase road

width to reduce pollution levels.

?Geo-tagging of water bodies in urban and rural areas is essential to preserve their entity. Digitization

of ponds and lakes in urban area and assessing their full-tank level (FTL) be meticulously recorded to

save them from misuse.

At present slaughter houses are located within city limits. There is a need to construct scientific slaughter

houses in order to reduce pollution and maintain hygienic condition in urban areas.

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

?The State has a population of 350 lakhs, out of which 214 lakhs (61.12%) live in rural areas.

?The average density of population in rural areas is 194 persons per sq. km. In the nine rural districts

of Telangana, there are 8695 Gram Panchayats, with 87,838 Wards catering to a population of

2,26,88,576 as per 2011census.


xviiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

?There are 51.69 lakh households in Telangana and the average household size is four (both rural and

urban Telangana). The State has a total of 10.47 lakh disabled / physically challenged persons, of

which 6.21 live in rural areas and the remaining are in urban areas.

?As per 2011 census, rural population growth has been 2.13 per cent, whereas urban population has

grown by 38.12 per cent, which clearly indicates the prevalence of very high rural-to-urban

migration.

?Among the total rural workforce, only 40 % are cultivators and the remaining 60 % are agricultural

?labourers / wage earners.

?It is also reported that 6,874 schools have no drinking water facility and 17,332 schools have no

toilets and about 11,334 schools do not have playgrounds and 2,415 schools have no power supply.

?The number of landholdings with the farmers of Telangana show that nearly 47.68 lakh holdings are

either marginal (less than 1.0 hectares) or small holdings (1.0 – 2.0 ha). The semi-medium (2.0 – 4.0

hectares) and medium (4.0 – 10.0 hectares) account for 7. 68 lakhs holdings; and only about 0.15 lakh

holdings are large holdings with more than 10 hectares.

?As of January 2015, there were 431,200 Self Help Groups functioning in various districts of

Telangana

?Under State Rural Livelihoods Mission (SRLM): Over 102 PIA's have trained 37,263 persons since the

commencing of the mission in 2014. As of November 2015, there were 1, 58,552 hand pumps and

25,100 power pump schemes.

?Mission Kakatiya: 'Mana vooru mana cheruvu' aimed at restoring 46,531 tanks in five years spending

Rs 20,000 crores. Works in about 8,000 tanks, costing Rs 3,000 crore, is underway, as of May 2016.

?As of 2012, the State had a target of covering 27, 74,483 households that remained without toilet

facility. As of 2016, the overall coverage reported is only 38 per cent.

Guidelines and policies in this regard are urgent requirements in the light of Swachh Bharat Mission.

The same holds good for wastewater disposal as well.

Key challenges – Rural development

?Securing rural livelihoods, promotion of balanced development through employment generation,

access to quality education, safe drinking water, health services and housing besides strengthening

agricultural livelihoods.

?Depleting groundwater tells upon the sustainability of irrigation and drinking water sources, which

in turn has a negative impact on system sustainability. This can render assets created (irrigation

infrastructure and water supply infrastructure) to become non-performing.

?Growing water scarcity drives cultivators away from farming and has tendency to push agricultural

wage earners to migrate. Migratory tendencies are prevalent in districts where the wages paid

under MGNREGS is lower (e.g. Karimnagar) or there is delay in wage payment.

Recommended actions – Rural development

?MissionKakatiya, Mission Bhagiratha / Water grid are very good responses of the State government

in order to protect the traditional water harvesting structures. However, the delay in work execution

in Mission Kakatiya requires attention.

?The government should allow only authorized drilling as per the norms of WALTA (Water, Land and

Trees) Act for judicious exploration and use of depleting groundwater.

?The rural housing program of the State government (some with Central Assistance under IAY scheme

etc.) is considering the concept of Green building technologies and techniques, given the huge

number of houses to be constructed for the poor.


xviiiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

?The State government has introduced solar operated power pumps in some of the Gram Panchayats

which is a welcome move.

?There is an urgent need to enact a Groundwater Regulation and Control Act in the State in the lines of

a Central Model Bill that has been introduced in this regard. Such a law should regulate groundwater

extraction, and prevent ruthless drilling of earth for pumping groundwater. The State requires

promoting the idea of conjunctive use of water from surface, rainwater harvesting etc. to wean off the

excessive pressure on groundwater sources.

Recommended actions – Rural development contd..

?Government is sanctioning R.O Plants in quality/fluoride affected habitations. One major negative

impact of RO plants is the water-rejection rate which is around 25 to 45%. R O plants provide an

immediate solution to get over water quality related problems but are unsustainable in the longer

run because of the high pressure it exerts on groundwater. An empirical investigation may be

required in the state to ascertain the impact of RO plants on groundwater and on water governance at

Gram Panchayat level.

?The MGNREGS has the potential to prevent rural-to-urban migration. However, the delay in wage

payment to the workers and payment of salary to those working for the MGNREGS at the grassroots

level must be addressed.

?Issue of No Objection Certificate to allow the development in areas such as small water bodies - ponds

should be monitored considering the revenue details for the actual area of the pond to be estimated.

This could help save the water bodies and sustain the natural resources.

?Construction of Scientific slaughter houses are required to reduce pollution and maintain hygiene.

?Septic tank model toilets in many rural households, especially in well-to-do houses, are still being

constructed. The disposal of sewage is a serious environmental / health issue. The government may

respond with appropriate eco-san toilet models in place of septic tank models. The State Panchayati

Raj and Rural Development Department, as of now, has not taken steps to introduce proper /

scientific disposal of solid waste in rural areas. The SBM (Swachh Bharat Mission) efforts have

identified only dump sites for waste disposal, which cannot be considered as sanitary landfills.

Guidelines and policies in this regard are urgent requirements in the light of Swachh Telangana. The

same holds good for wastewater disposal as well.

ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH

?In Telangana, the percentage of villages with Sub-Health Centre within 3km is 86%. Almost all Sub-

Health Centers have Auxiliary Nurse Midwife(ANM).

?Passenger cars are growing at 12% annually, and 2-wheelers registered a growth of 14% in 2013.

?The burden of Non-CommunicableDiseases in Telangana is high. The study found a pooled

prevalence of overweight/ obesity to be 40%, that of hypertension to be 24%, and that of diabetes to

be 12%. High prevalence (71%) of anaemia among children aged 6-59 months. The high prevalence

continues among children aged 6-14 years, and 10-19 years, and also among reproductive aged

women of 15-49 years. Overall, half the people aged 20 years and above are reported to have anaemia

in Telangana. This is a disturbing trend and needs urgent attention.

?9361 cases of Malaria were reported in Telangana in 2015, followed by 101 cases of Japanese

Encephalitis (JE). Telangana also had 1831cases of Dengue and 2067 cases of Chikungunya in 2015.

?The year 2015 saw an unprecedented increase in the number of cases of Swine flu (H1N1). The rate of

H1N1 infection in 2015 was an all-time high (27.69%) affecting 2,791 persons out of 10,079 samples

tested, compared to 595 infected people in 2009.

?A total of 39,498 patients were registered for treatment in 2015 in Telangana. 17% of all TB cases


xixState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

notified in 2015 in Telangana were extra pulmonary TB. 7% of all registered TB cases in Telangana

were HIV positive in 2015.

?The Institute of Preventive Medicine, Hyderabad reports 50,000 cases of animal bites annually. In

2014, the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Hyderabad, reported 23 deaths due to rabies.

?In 2014, the number of road crashes and deaths in Hyderabad were 2585 and 358 respectively.

Hyderabad reported 97 road traffic injuries per 100,000 population in 2013, with 24.5 deaths per

100,000 population.

?Approximately 13 to 30 % of children under the age of 5 years in Telangana are malnourished, with

the prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight marginally higher in rural areas than in urban

areas.

?The prevalence of smoking is even higher (28% among rural and 22% among urban men). The

prevalence of alcohol consumption is also high among rural men (38%) compared to urban men

(34%). The prevalence of smoking and drinking among women is much lower.

?The total cases of crime against women were 2,518 this year as against 2,335 recorded in the

previous year. Total accidents under Hyderabad limits increased by 18 per cent with 3,896 accidents

reported during this year as against 3,293 last year resulting in death of 1,156 persons and injuries to

3,499 this year as against 1,033 and 3,329 last year respectively.

?Government of Telangana is implementing the Aarogyasri Health Care Scheme. About 80 to 85 % of

the state population is covered under the scheme, there by poor BPL Families are being provided

secondary and tertiary care treatment services, free of cost and have decreased the outof pocket

expenditure to a great extent.

Key challenges – Environment and Health

?There is a large difference in the per capita availability of health workers between rural and urban

areas, indicating the disadvantage of rural people in terms of access to health services in general and

public health services in particular. The rising cost of health care at the household level is a cause of

concern and needs public action.

Recommended actions – Environment and Health

?Improvement of the maintenance of data on disease incidence and public health indicators in both

public and private health care facilities.

?Undertake health-environment correlation studies.

?While awareness and demand for health services are on increase, private health care has developed

on a wide scale.

?Necessary measures should be initiated to address Anaemia which is high in Mahabubnagar.

?Prevalence of Sickle cell Anaemia – 80% of tribal people are anaemic in Adilabad. Have less

haemoglobin due to malnutrition in children.

?Anaemia, T.B, Malaria, especially under women health issues should be addressed.

?Strengthening of obstetric services at PHCs to facilitate safe deliveries, and a reduction in maternal

and neonatal mortality rates.

?Awareness of hygiene, Healthy practices, sanitation and spread of communicable diseases.

?Alert System against Viral Infections and Water Pollution.

?Impart awareness about preventive measures.

?Better practices of Bio medical waste in rural and urban areas

?There is a need to concentrate on reduction of infant mortality rate (IMR).

?Special Focus is required on the Social Determinants of Maternal Health.


xxState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION

?The Telangana State Pollution Control Board has a wide network of air quality monitoring stations, 5

of them are Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) and 19are manual

operating stations. Out of these 19 stations, 7 are operated under national ambient air quality

monitoring stations (NAMP) in collaboration with CPCB and 12 are operated by State Pollution

Control Board.

?5 CAAQM systems measure Particulate Matter size less than 10 µm (PM ), Particulate Matter size less 10

than 2.5 µm (PM ), Sulphur dioxide (SO ), Nitrogen dioxide (NO ), Ammonia (NH ), Ozone (O ), 2.5 2 2 3 3

carbon monoxide ( CO ) and meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, solar

radiation, humidity and temperature.

?The total suspended particulate matter at all the air quality monitoring stations of Hyderabad 3exhibited higher thanthe prescribed limits of 140 ìg /m .

3?The sulphur dioxide levels are not in the constant range of 4-5 µg/m out of annual standard limit of

50µg/m3. This may be due to use of ultra-low-sulphur diesel supplied in the city.

?Twin cities are mostly recording highest values in the air quality i.e., PM10. The contributors for

PM10 is due to vehicular emissions, burning of bio-mass, entrainment? of road dust, plying of 15

years old vehicles, etc.3

?The PM is always higher than the standard of 60µg/m .There was a marginal increase of PM10 from 10

2010 to 2015. It needs an abatement plan for control of particulate matter.

?TSPCB is monitoring the levels of noise in important places in Hyderabad through continuous noise

monitoring stations.

?Hyderabad Traffic Police has introduced Hyderabad Traffic Integrated Management System

(HTRIMS). This uses tools of information and communication technology which is centrally,

monitored traffic signalling system.

?The main features of HTRIMS project are signalling services around the clock, management of traffic

flow from centralised traffic command centre (TCC) through operating the signalling parameter

from TCC and availability of the traffic information online in the portal.

Key challenges – Environment pollution

ØThe particulate matter levels in ambient air continues to increase and without any appropriate

measures the cities may lose their breathing space. The noise pollution and water quality in major

cities is of great concern.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

ØMinistry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has classified various solid wastes

into different categories depending on the source of generation, nature and impact on the

Recommended actions – Environment pollution

?The involvement of the State Pollution Control Board and the local research institutes in

generating local health evidences is an important step forward. These initiatives will have to be

nurtured and supported to drive policy action and public opinion in the future.

?Imposition of a heavier penalty for cases of fuel adulteration

? Strict enforcement of court orders on the use of loud speakers

?Controlling and preventing air pollution due to burning of Municipal Solid waste

?Recommended actions in section of Transport, Industrial, urban development and in Solid Waste

management with respect to Environment management may be taken into consideration


xxiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

environment. MoEFCC has identified and drafted rules for effective & safe management of various

wastes to mitigate the impacts on the human health & environment.

ØEven though Government of India has released Plastic Rules, 2016 and GoTS is enforcing ban of

usage of less than 40-micron plastic at many places, the results are not satisfactory. There is still a

lot of plastic waste (around 15%) found in dump sites which includes plastic of 40 microns. There is

no authentic information on plastic waste generation and recycling available currently.

ØPresently Telangana houses around 10,279 industries out which 2,536 (25%) are hazardous waste

generating industries. The number of hazardous waste generating industries has grown from

1,845 in 2010 to 2,536 in 2014 at a CAGR of 8.28%.

ØThe total quantity of waste generated by Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) of Telangana has increased

from 5455 MT/day in 2008 to 6770 MT/day in 2016 with average Compound Annual Growth Rate

(CAGR) of 2.7%. Whereas the quantity of waste processed has increased from 2481 MT/day in

2014 to 3177 MT/day in 2016 at a CAGR of 13%. Presently 1.21 Crore urban population of

Telangana is generating 6770 MT/day of MSW at a per capita generation rate of around 500

gm/day.

Ø92% of the households are covered under door to door collection, the source segregation is still not

successful with only 8% households segregating MSW in the state.

ØAbout 3600 MT/day of MSW by various ULBs is being disposed without any process which is not

only the cause of pollution but also has large impact on human health, flora & fauna.

ØOut of 67 ULBs (except GHMC) only 38 (57%) ULBs have designated dump sites and rest of 29

(43%) ULBs are still practising indiscriminate dumping of MSW.

ØHazardous wastes are generated by chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, paint, dyes,

pesticides, paper, textile, tannery and several other categories of industries.

ØThe total hazardous waste generated by 1845 industries in 2010 is 4,43,986 MT/Annum at a rate of

241 MT/Annum by each industry. Similarly, 2536 industries generating hazardous waste of

5,70,413 MT/Annum in 2014 at a rate of 225 MT/Annum/industry.

ØThe share of landfillable hazardous waste is 40% of the total waste, which did not change during

2010 to 2014. Whereas the incinerable waste has increased from 5% to 13% and recyclable waste

decreased from 54% to 47% during 2010 to 2014.

ØThe major contributors of hazardous waste are Bulk Drug industries (37.63%), Chemical

industries (20.20%), Paper industries (5.78%) and Pharmaceutical industries (5.77%) with

almost 70% of hazardous waste from them.

ØDuring 2014-15 plastic waste generated in Telangana state is 337 MT per day.

ØAt present , there are 6 authorised collection centres, 3 dismantlers & recyclers and 3 producers

have been registered with TSPCB. The 6-registered collection centres have collected 226.94 MT

during 2013-14 and 181.71 MT during 2014-15 respectively.

ØWhile 95% of the MSW is being collected scientifically only 76% of the MSW is processed. There are

still 38 unscientific dumping sites spread over 476 acres in Telangana.

ØThe %age of unregistered plastic manufacturing units has decreased from 75% to 8% from 2011 to

2015.

Key Challenges – Waste Management for Municipal Solid Waste

ØOnly 8% of the households are segregating MSW.

ØThere are no arrangements to segregate MSW and transport the segregated MSW.

ØAbsence of scientific recycling.

ØIn GHMC only 76% of the MSW is being processing scientifically that to by composting.


xxiiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

ØPollution due to open and unscientific dumping of MSW.

ØDisposal of unprocessed MSW.

ØAbsence of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) based systems in MSW

management.

ØLack of capacity to develop, implement, operate and monitor the MSW management.

Absence of State Level Policy.

Challenges – Waste Management for Hazardous Waste

Ø Only 20% of the industries are covered by present TSDF facility.

Ø Only 48% of hazardous waste is scientifically managed.

Ø Lack of capacity to develop, implement, operate and monitor the hazardous waste management.

Challenges – Waste Management for Bio-Medical Waste

?Mixing of BMW in MSW in urban areas - The present concentration is only on hospitals with beds,

there are number of other BMW contributors like clinics, laboratories, etc. Compliance by these

establishments is low and BMW from these sources mixes with MSW.

?Inadequate coverage of BMW facilities.

?Lack of capacity to develop, implement, operate and monitor the BMW management.

Challenges – Waste Management for E-Waste

ØNon-availability of comprehensive data.

ØOften the E-Waste is either mixed with MSW or handled unscientifically by informal sector.

ØAbsence of State Level Policy.

Recommendations Waste Management for Municipal Solid Waste

? Target 100% segregation of MSW from all the sources of generation.

?Ensure 100% segregation of MSW and transport the same separately.

?Synchronise the MSW system and recycling activities at ULB level.

?Recyclable waste tobe properly segregated, stored and recycled.

?An integrated MSW processing system comprising segregation, composting, RDF and WTE should be

implemented as per the concession agreement.

?Reclamation of existing dumpsites spread across 38 ULBs and recover 476 acres of land.

?Processing of MSW generated from 67 ULBs.

?Implement real time ICT based monitoring and management systems.

?Capacity building in MSW management.

?Develop state level MSW policy in line with central policies and guidelines

Recommendations Waste Management for Hazardous Waste

?Cover 100% hazardous waste generating industries under TSDFs.

?Ensure that 100% hazardous waste is managed scientifically.

?Capacity building in hazardous waste management.

Recommendations Waste Management for Bio-Medical Waste

ØBMW generated by all the HCFs covering 100% beds shall be managed scientifically.

ØBring all the BMW generating sources under the compliance of BMW Rules.


xxiiiState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

ØIncrease the number of BMW facilities.

ØCapacity building in BMW management.

Recommendations Waste Management for E-Waste

?Create state level data base on E-Waste.

?Develop a scientific management system comprising collection, transportation.

?Recycling and processing.

ENVIRONMENTAL ACTS AND LAWS

?Government of India has formulated environmental laws which are applicable to all the States and

Union Territories in the country. However, as India has a diverse and varied set of resources and

social conditions, most of the States have their own set of specific laws and Acts, in consonance with

what is applicable nationally.

?Since 1974, some of the major environmental laws that have been passed by the Government of

India are as under:

?Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 amended in 1978 again amended in 1988.

?Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977, amended in 1991.

?Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 amended in 1987.

?Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

?Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 amended in 2003.

?Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 amended in 1992.

?Bio-Medical waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 amended in 2003.

?Plastics manufacture & Usage Rules, 1999 amended in 2003.

?Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000.

?An attempt is made in this report to describe the present State of some of the important sectoral

development processes of the State during the period 2008 - 03 to 2015 - 03 and the pressures that

have led to this State. An endeavour has been made to elucidate the Government responses to

resolve the problems associated with the development that have resulted due to the impact of

various pressures.

CLIMATE CHANGE

?

Climate change at Telangana is primarily due to a fossil fuel based economy,

change in land use pattern, deforestation and land clearing. The economic growth in the state

(From 2008 to 2016) was primarily dependent on fossil fuel and the progress so far is not in the

direction of low carbon economy or decoupling the economic growth with carbon.

?During the year 2013-14 the economic activity in the state was under a slowdown thus, the

emissions in this year have broken the upward trend in Green House Gases emission observed until

2012-13. In the year 2012-13 the GHG emissions were 27.4million MT, which is a 58% increase

over the base year of 2008-09. As per the census of 2011, the population of the state is 35.19

million. In the year 2010-11 the per capita GHG emission from energy sector was 0.57t/person.

Based on national statistics, if energy sector is conservatively assumed to contribute 50% to total

GHG of the state, per capita emission in the state would be 1.14 tonnes in 2011.

?The thermal power generation in the state increased from 8661Million KWh in 2007-08 to 13617

Million KWh in 2013-14. This implies that in less than a decade the thermal power generation in

state of Telangana increased by 40%. Contribution of other renewable sources of power to the grid

thSince the 20 century climate change is fundamentally a developmental issue. Development has

threatened and altered the climate. Climate change now threatens to exacerbate poverty and hurt

economic growth.


xxivState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

did not change at the same pace.

?Fuel consumption in the state has increased in last two years. RR district has become the largest

consumer of Motor spirit leaving Hyderabad behind

?Overall increase in GHG emissions from fuel consumption shows an increase of 42% by 2015-16

over the base year of 2008-09. While the emissions of MS and HSD shows an increase of 90% and

40% respectively, the emission from kerosene shows a decrease in emissions by 41%.

?The thermal power generation is by far concentrated in Karimnagar, Khammam and Warangal

districts. TSGENCO is establishing new projects of capacity 1880 MW at Bhadradri-Kothagudem

district and 4000 MW at Nalgonda district (4800 MW through super critical technology and 100

MW through sub critical technology) in next 3 years TSGENCO is taking adequate measures to

comply with environmental norms as per the new guidelines dated 07-12-2015 issued by MoEFCC

?Land use pattern: addition of 7% to non- agricultural land & 7% to cultivable waste land up till

2014-15.Forest land has reduced by 7%

?A total GHG emission from energy sector was 17.36Million MT in 2008-09 and increased by 47% up

till 2013-14 to 25.5 million MT. In the year 2012-13 the GHG emissions were 27.4million MT, which

is a 58% increase over the base year of 2008-09.

?GHG emissions in Telangana in the year 2011 appear to be little less than the nation per capita

emissions of 1.56MT/capita in 2010.

?Telangana state must develop a full GHG inventory to assess progress of its contribution to national

GHG emissions and the pressure it creates for itself.

?RR, Hyderabad and Karimnagar together contribute to 45% of GHG emissions from HSD

?Despite all the growth Hyderabad and RR still contribute to 53% of GHG emissions from MS

?The trend suggests that new pressure zones are emerging and RR district is now leading the GHG

emissions from fuel consumption in the state.

?Though the per capita consumption of Hyderabad was higher in 2010-2011, the overall

consumption of electricity is highest in Ranga Reddy district.

?The power demand of districts like Nalgonda and Medak has come close to the power demand of

Hyderabad in the year 2012 to 2014. It is also observed that the power demand grew by 40%

between 2007-08 and 2013-14.

?Thus, demand side is also exerting pressure on climate with large increase in demand for power.

?In the year 2004-05, 2009-10, 2011-12 and 2014-15, the state received less than 700mm rain fall

i.e. more than 30% deviation in the rainfall. In the same timeframe the northeast and south east

rainfall also project similar deviations in rainfall

?2005-06, 2010-11 and 2013-14 there is a 20-30% excess rainfall.

?SAPCC makes a broad assessment of rainfall scenarios in 2020 and 2050 which suggest that: The

south west monsoon will increase in some places like Adilabad and reduce in other parts. The

north-east monsoon is expected to show modest increase in North and slight decrease in the south.

?In Telangana, during 1986-1993, the heat waves were mainly of moderate nature with maximum

duration of seven days.

?Telangana the second most heat affected state in India.

?Nalgonda, Karimnagar and Khammam districts have been worst affected due to heat waves.

?Temperature projections for the year 2020 and 2050 (SAPCC) indicate that district of Adilabad, o oKarimnagar and Nizamabad may show temperature anomalies up to 1.7 C and 3.3 C in the


xxvState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

respective timeframes.

?Telangana is a drought prone state. Between 2009-10 and 2011-16 also the state experienced

severe drought and drought like situations and it is becoming colossal

?Water stress has been evident in Telangana with fast receding and critical status of groundwater

resources in districts like Mahbubnagar.

?Agriculture sectorhas been experiencing negative growth in the last two years, on account of

consecutive drought and crops recorded a negative growth of 18.2%.

?Loose soil due to lack of moisture in deforested areas is eroded due to strong winds.

?The area of degraded forest has increased from 8497.84sq. km. in 2011 to 8538.69 sq. km. in 2012.

?The State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) is an attempt to mainstream climate change

concerns in the states planning process. Formulation of SAPCC was one of the key steps taken by the

state of Telangana in the duration of this report.

?Telangana government is also receptive to global and Indian commitment towards climate change

and has taken two key initiatives to contribute on mitigation in the duration of this report:

?Afforestation program named 'Harita Haram'

?Development of solar policy and quick solar capacity addition

?Telangana can develop a GHG inventory to track yearly progress on the state and national goal.

?Heat Wave -States revenue (disaster management) department has prepared a heat wave action

plan for 2016.

?Agriculture: Keeping the drought conditions in mind, Government has prepared an Action Plan for

mitigating adverse impact of drought through provision of input subsidy, augmenting fodder

availability, livelihood assistance etc.

?Localized action: “Resilient Agricultural Households through Adaptation to Climate Change in

Mahbubnagar district, Telangana (RAH-ACT)” financed under NAFCC from MOEF & CC with total

cost of INR 24 Crores.

?“Resilient Sustainable Ground water resources through Adaptation to Climate Change in

Telangana” in water sector is pursuing climate finance.

MDG S & SDG S WITH RELEVANCE TO TELANGANA

?During the last 21 months, the State Government initiated several social development measures that

help in achieving the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDG) and also the priority needs of the

people. A few signifi cant initiatives on this front are, Aasara Pensions, Arogya Laxmi, Revamped Food

Security scheme,Kalyana Lakshmi/Shaadi Mubarak, Double-Bed room housing for poor, Mission

Bhageeratha, Mission Kakatiya and several other welfare schemes.

?Inclusive growth covering the poorest of poor from the most vulnerable and disadvantaged sections,

Government launched Gram Jyothi programme, with an aim to empower and strengthen the gram

panchayats for better delivery of services to people. Seven

?Apart from this, 'Arogya Lakshmi' is implemented to increase nutritional levels among pregnant and

lactating mothers by providing one full hot cooked nutritious meal, with boiled egg and 200 ml milk at

all Anganwadi centres.

?Government has declared 2016 as “the year of the new born” and has initiated several steps to reduce

the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in the State. “Mission Indradhanush” was launched to achieve

universal immunization. Drawing lessons from other States and Countries, sweeping reforms are


xxviState of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015

proposed to revamp the public health care sector in the State.

? The existing scheme of 108 is being strengthened by adding more vehicles, with advanced life support

equipments and also by integrating it with Police and Transport Departments and Trauma care

centres set up on the highways.

?Concerted efforts are being made to make the State as 'Swachh Telangana'. As a part of this

programme, civic amenities worth Rs. 200 crore were sanctioned as per the felt needs of the public and

to improve garbage disposal, 2500 auto trolleys and 44 lakh dust bins were distributed in Hyderabad.

?One lakh CCTV cameras are being installed to provide high standards of safety in the State capital. 'SHE

teams' were introduced to prevent harassment of women and eve-teasing in Hyderabad and

Cyberabad areas, which helped in reducing the crimes against women.

?The way forward to achieve 'Bangaru Telangana', will depend on the successful implementation of

these policies and their effective execution at the grass root level.

Documents

Cover Page Front - Eptri...ØReviving the Joint Forest Management mechanism by reconstituting Vana Samrakshana Samithis all over the state and making it a people centric mass movement