cover - download.e-bookshelf.de · Bernard Favre Renault Trucks France Christophe Penant Michelin France Anders Lundström IFRTT ... A history of freight transport prior to the modern

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International Conference on Heavy Vehicles

HVParis 2008


HVParis 2008 Heavy Vehicle Transport Technology (HVTT 10)

Edited by Bernard Jacob

Paul Nordengen

Alan OrsquoConnor Mohamed Bouteldja

First published in Great Britain and the United States in 2008 by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley amp Sons Inc Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study or criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 this publication may only be reproduced stored or transmitted in any form or by any means with the prior permission in writing of the publishers or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address ISTE Ltd John Wiley amp Sons Inc 6 Fitzroy Square 111 River Street London W1T 5DX Hoboken NJ 07030 UK USA

wwwistecouk wwwwileycom copy ISTE Ltd 2008 The rights of Bernard Jacob Paul Nordengen Alan OrsquoConnor and Mohamed Bouteldja to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on Heavy Vehicles (2008 Paris France) International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis 2008 heavy vehicle transport technology (HVTT 10) edited by Bernard Jacob [et al] p cm Conference held May 19-22 2008 in Paris and combines conferences ICWIM 5 and HVTT 10 sponsored by Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussees and other organizations Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-84821-058-5 -- ISBN 978-1-84821-059-2 1 Trucks--Congresses 2 Trucking--Equipment and supplies--Congresses 3 Electronic weighing systems--Congresses 4 Motor vehicle scales--Congresses 5 Pavements--Congresses 6 Bridges--Congresses 7 Cargo holds--Congresses I Jacob Bernard II Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussees III Title TL230I5958 2008 629224--dc22

2008015675 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-84821-058-5

Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd Chippenham Wiltshire

ORGANIZATION

Conference Organizing Committee

Bernard Jacob (chair) LCPC France Victor Dolcemascolo (vice-chair) DIRIF France Hocine Imine LCPC France Veacuteronique Cerezo CETE Lyon France Armel de la Bourdonnaye ENPC France Bernard Favre Renault Trucks France Christophe Penant Michelin France Anders Lundstroumlm IFRTT - Scania Sweden Eugene OBrien ISWIM - UCD Ireland

with the help of Mohamed Bouteldja (LCPC) Seacutebastien Glaser (LCPCLIVIC) and Daniel Stanczyk (CETE Est)

Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees 58 bd Lefegravebvre 75732 Paris Cedex 15 France wwwlcpcfr

Ecole National des Ponts et Chausseacutees 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal ndash Citeacute Descartes Champs-sur-Marne ndash 77455 Marne la Valleacutee cedex 2 France wwwenpcfr

International Forum For Road Transport Technology wwwroad-transport-technologyorg

International Society for Weigh-In-Motion httpiswimfreefr

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEES

International Scientific Committee on HVTT

David Cebon (chair) University of Cambridge United Kingdom Bernard Jacob (co-chair) Labo Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees France Karim Chatti Michigan State University United States John De Pont TERNZ New Zealand Victor Dolcemascolo DIRIF France Mark Gardner Fugro Consultants Inc United States Klaus Peter Glaeser BAST Germany Chris Koniditsiotis Australian Road Research Board Australia Anders Lundstroumlm Scania Sweden Paul Nordengen CSIR Built Environment South Africa Eugene OBrien University College Dublin Ireland Laszlo Palkovics Knorr-Bremse Hungary Christophe Penant Michelin France Peter Sweatman University of Michigan United States Joao Widmer University of Sao Paulo Brazil John Woodrooffe University of Michigan United States Veacuteronique Cerezo LRPC de Lyon France

International Scientific Committee on WIM

Bernard Jacob (chair) Labo Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees France Eugene OBrien (co-chair) University College Dublin Ireland Tommy Chan Queensland University of Technology Australia Chia-Pei Chou National Taiwan University Taiwan (ROC) Morris De Beer CSIR Built Environment South Africa John De Pont TERNZ New Zealand Victor Dolcemascolo DIRIF France Mark Gardner Fugro Consultants Inc United States Ralph Gillmann Federal Highway Administration United States Jerry Hajek Applied Research Associates Inc Canada Chris Koniditsiotis Australian Road Research Board Australia Jesus Leal CEDEX Spain Hans van Loo DWWAVV The Netherlands Ralph Meschede BAST Germany Tatsuya Ojio Meijo University Japan Lily Poulikakos EMPA Switzerland Aleš Žnidaric ZAG Slovenia Alan OrsquoConnor Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Institutional Sponsors

Ministegravere de lrsquoEcologie de lrsquoEnergie du Deacuteveloppement Durable et de lrsquoAmeacutenagement du territoire 92055 La Deacutefense Cedex France httpwwwdeveloppement-durablegouvfr

Ministegravere de lrsquoEnseignement Supeacuterieur et de la Recherche 1 rue Descartes 75231 Paris cedex 05 France httpwwwenseignementsup-recherchegouvfr

OECDOCDE 2 rue Andreacute Pascal F-75775 Paris cedex 16 France httpwwwoecdorg

International Transport Forum httpwwwcemtorg

AICPRPIARC La Grande Arche Paroi Nord Niveau 5 92055 LA DEFENSE Cedex France httpwwwpiarcorg

Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories Boulevard de la Woluwe 42 B-1200 Brussels Belgium httpwwwfehrlorg

Transportation Research Board 2100 C St NW Washington DC USA httpwwwtrborg

Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Ave SE Washington DC 20590 USA httpwwwfhwadotgov

Major Sponsors

SCANIA AB SE-151 87 Soumldertaumllje Sweden httpwwwscaniacom

MICHELIN Place des Carmes Deschaux 63040 Clermont-Ferrand France httpwwwmichelinfr

STERELA 5 Impasse Peacutedenau BP02 31860 Pins-Justaret France httpwwwsterelafr

KISTLER Instrumente AG Eulachstrasse 22 CH-8408 Winterthur Switzerland httpwwwkistlercom

Sponsors

Renault-Trucks 99 Route de Lyon - 69802 Saint Priest France httpwwwrenault-truckscom

Knorr-Bremse 69 Major St 1117 Budapest Hungary BP 34178 RN 13 La Briqueterie Glos 14104 Lisieux Cedex France httpwwwknorr-bremsecom

Electronique Controcircle Mesure 4 Rue du Bois Checircne-le-loup 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France httpwwwecm-francecom

TDC Systems Limited 58 Buckingham Road Weston Industrial Estate Weston-super-Mare North Somerset BS24 9BG United Kingdom httpwwwtdcsystemscouk

Exhibitors

Captels (France) ZAE des Avants BP 34 1 rue du Mazet 34270 Saint-Mathieu-de-Treviers

Cestel (Slovenia) Spruha 32 1236 Trzin

Electronique Controcircle Mesures (France)

Industrial Measurement Systems Ltd (Israel) PO Box 6305 34 Shimshon Str 31062 Haifa

International Road Dynamics (Canada) 43 Street East S7K 3T9 Saskatoon Saskatchewan

Kalibra International (The Netherlands) BV PO Box 283 2600 AG Delft

Kistler Instrumente AG (Switzerland)

Knorr-Bremse (Hungary)

Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees (France)

Measurement Specialties Inc (USA) 1000 Lucas Way Hampton VA 23666 ndash (France) EMEA Headquarters 105 av Geacuteneacuteral Eisenhower BP 23705 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1

Michelin (France)

Ministegravere de lrsquoEcologie de lrsquoEnergie du Deacuteveloppement Durable et de lrsquoAmeacutenagement du territoire Direction Geacuteneacuterale de la Mer et des Transports (MEEDAATDGMT) (France)

Renault Trucks (France)

Sterela (France)

TDC Systems Ltd (United Kingdom)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword 1 ndash P COURTIER 1

Avant-Propos 1 ndash P COURTIER 3

Foreword 2 ndash J ROUDIER 5

Avant-Propos 2 ndash J ROUDIER 7

Preface (in English) ndash B JACOB 9

Preacuteface (en franccedilais) ndash B JACOB 12

International Forum for Road Transport Technology 15

International Society for Weigh-in-Motion 17

Panel Discussion 19

Plenary Session 21 The EUrsquos rules on weights and dimensions and the realities of sustainable mobility ndash J BERRY 23 A history of freight transport prior to the modern truck ndash M LAY 35 Intelligent freight ndash J-F JANIN 49 Measures promoting intermodal transport as an alternative to pure road transport H SILBORN 57

ii HVParis 2008 ndash HVTT 10

Session 1 Performance Based Standards 71 An initiative to introduce a performance-based standards (pbs) approach for heavy vehicule design and operations in South Africa ndash P NORDENGEN H PREM and L MAI 73 A discussion of the high-speed offtracking perfromance standard J BILLING and J PATTEN 85 Development of an innovative steerable double extendable trailer under performance based standard (pbs) ndash M JOHNSTON and L BRUZSA 97

Session 2 European Modular Concept 109 Working group on longer and heavier goods vehicles A multidisciplinary approach to the issue ndash W DEBAUCHE 111 Experiences with longer and heavier vehicles in the Netherlands L AARTS and G FEDDES 123 Driving dynamics and stability issues of the European road train concepts G BOacuteZSVAacuteRI T FUumlLEP and L PALKOVICS 137

Session 3 Vehicle Road Interaction 145 Pavement building costs allocation to HGV comparison betwwen the French case and the eurovignette directive recommendations ndash G DURAND P COUSIN and H GUIRAUD 147 A brief review of tyre-pavement interaction and an insight on new regulation on tyre rolling resistance in Europe ndash C PENANT 159 Effect of axle configurations on fatigue and faulting of concrete pavements K CHATTI A MANIK and N BRAKE 171 The danger of ramps for heavy goods vehicles ndash V CEREZO M GOTHIEacute and G DUPREacute 185 A new vehicle-pavement interaction test facility at BASt ndash K-P GLAESER 195 Steady state flow algorithm for modeling the impact of trucks on road S MAIumlOLINO H MAIumlTOURNAM and V CEREZO 203 How can the binder properties influence the road surface durability An advanced method based on the bearing ration curve ndash M ECH S YOTTE D BREYSSE and B POUTEAU 211

Table of Contents iii

Session 4 Safety 223 Rollover crash analysis of a road tanker with self-steer axles ndash H PREM L MAI G GORHAM D HUTCHINSON and J LONG 225 Oversizeoverweight commercial vehicle safety ndash D TURNER LA NICHOLSON and K AGENT 243 Heavy vehicle driver involvment in road safety and multiple vehicle accidents in Bangladesh ndash T ANJUMAN C KAWSAR AREFIN SIDDIQUI S HASANAT-E-RABBI and MD MAZHARUL HOQUE 257 Crash compatibility between heavy goods vehicles and passenger cars structural interaction analysis and in-depth accident analysis ndash A KRUSPER and R THOMSON 269 Improvement of safety barriers on German bridges - results of impact test with heavy lorries ndash J KUEBLER 281 Rollover risk prevention of heavy vehicles by reliability-based analysis Y SELLAMI H IMINE B JACOB F BERNARDIN and J C CADIOU 293 Analysis of heavy truck accidents with regard to yaw and roll instability - using LTCSS database ndash S KHARRAZI and R THOMSON 305 Relationship between road infrastructure characterisitcs and HGV accidents M GOTHIEacute V CEREZO and F CONCHE 319

Session 5 Routing 333 Heavyroute ndash intelligent route guidance for heavy vehicles A IHS D OMASITS and G LINDBERG 335 Australiarsquos intelligent access program ndash J BARING and C KONIDITSIOTIS 349 Methodology and effects of heavy goods vehicle transport management in urban areas ndash E TANIGUCHI and Y IMANISHI 359 A generic software architecture for a driver information system to organize and operate truck platoons ndash A FRIEDRICHS P MEISEN and K HENNING 375 A data-mining technique for the planning and organization of truck platoons P MEISEN T SEIDL and K HENNING 389 HGV guidance road data and applications ndash L SJOumlGREN and M OumlGREN 403

iv HVParis 2008 ndash HVTT 10

Session 6 Vehicle Performance 411 A new steerable wheel system for road transport applications H PREM L MAI and G DAVEY 413 Design concept for an alternative heavy vehicle slip control brake actuator J MILLER F KIENHOFER and D CEBON 429 Compatibility of long and heavy cargo vehicles with the geometric design standards of Brazilian rural roads and highways ndash W PEREIRA NETO and J WIDMER 443 The effect of wind on heavy vehicles ndash J BILLING 455 Tyre scuffing forces from multi-axle groups ndash J DE PONT and N TARAMOEROA 467 Implementation of active rear steering of a tractor ndash semi-trailer B JUJNOVICH R ROEBUCK A ODHAMS and D CEBON 479 Improved brakes on heavy commercial vehicles ndash M JOHANSSON 493

Session 7 Road Transport Policies and Operation 503 Vehicle infrastructure integration (VII) for heavy trucks a new perspective of truck research ndash P SWEATMAN 505 Heavy goods vehicle overtaking bans some information to assist decision-making ndash M BERENI 517 Correctly loaded heavy commercial vehicles ndash M JOHANSSON 531 Transportation of raw forest products in northern Ontario by trucks J HAJEK D HEIN and D SWAN 541 Optimising log truck configurations ndash J DE PONT 553 A proposal of an international vehicle designation structure for cargo combination vehicles ndash J WIDMER 567

Index of authors 581

FOREWORD 1

Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chausseacutees

The mission of the Eacutecole des ponts is to advance and disseminate knowledge in a national European and world-wide perspective

minus by training engineers and specialists on the masters and doctorate levels giving them a high level of scientific technical and managerial skills enabling them to hold leadership positions in the areas of equipment planning construction transports the environment industries and services

minus by promoting research and innovation minus by making knowledge and innovative methods serve both the private and

the public sector minus by promoting critical thinking professional competence and citizenship

Ecole des ponts trains both engineers and civil servant members of the State engineering corps (ldquoCorps interministeacuteriel des Ponts et Chausseacuteesrdquo) The School was founded in 1747 under the supervision of Jean-Rodolphe Perronet to provide specific training for State engineers in charge of maintaining and developing the royal roads network In 1775 it finally took the name of ldquoEacutecole nationale des ponts et chausseacuteesrdquo In 1804 the School was organized as a school of instruction for students having attended the Eacutecole polytechnique and wanting to enter the State engineering corps The first laboratory at the School was set up in 1831 (the current LCPC) Since 1997 the School has been located in Champs-sur- Marne on the Citeacute Descartes site but is also maintaining its former Paris site 28 rue des Saints-Pegraveres (MBA Master in public policy IHEDATE continuing education associations)

Historically recognized for its engineering training Eacutecole des ponts has over the years changed into a more global training and research institution attended yearly

2 HVParis 2008 ndash HVTT 10

by 1500 students and 8000 continuing education trainees The School is qualified to issue PhD degrees and more than one third of the students are from abroad

Ecole des ponts has developed an activity of research and of training to research It today hosts 10 research centres working in partnership and representing some 250 permanent staff

Since 1994 Eacutecole des ponts has the status of an EPSCP (that is a state-dependent institution for scientific cultural and professional purposes) under the authority of the French Ministry of Public Works

Eacutecole des ponts is a member of two research and training cluster ParisTech network bringing together ten of the foremost French institutes of engineering education and Universiteacute Paris-Est

Eacutecole des ponts now has two subsidiaries minus Ponts Formation Eacutedition a limited company whose role is to promote

continuing education minus ENPC School of international management manages and develops the

Master of Business Administration (MBA of Eacutecole des ponts) accredited by AMBA and other programmes in management

Philippe Courtier General Director ENPC

AVANT-PROPOS 1


LrsquoEacutecole des ponts a pour mission de faire progresser et diffuser les connaissances pour le beacuteneacutefice de la nation de lrsquoEurope et du monde

minus en formant aux niveaux master et doctorat des ingeacutenieurs et des speacutecialistes posseacutedant des compeacutetences scientifiques techniques et manageacuteriales de haut niveau les rendant aptes agrave exercer des fonctions de responsabiliteacute dans les domaines de lrsquoeacutequipement de lrsquoameacutenagement de la construction des transports de lrsquoenvironnement de lrsquoindustrie et des services

minus en deacutecouvrant de nouvelles connaissances par la recherche minus en contribuant agrave lrsquoinnovation minus en mettant ces connaissances au service des entreprises et des politiques

publiques minus en promouvant lrsquoeacutethique de lrsquoingeacutenieur lrsquoesprit critique la creacuteativiteacute

scientifique et technique lrsquoesprit entrepreneurial la compeacutetence professionnelle et la citoyenneteacute

Agrave ce titre elle forme des ingeacutenieurs du corps interministeacuteriel des Ponts et Chausseacutees et des ingeacutenieurs civils LrsquoEacutecole a eacuteteacute creacuteeacutee en 1747 en tant que formation speacutecifique des ingeacutenieurs drsquoEacutetat chargeacutes drsquoentretenir et deacutevelopper le reacuteseau royal des routes Sa direction eacutetait confieacutee agrave Jean-Rodolphe Perronet En 1775 elle prend deacutefinitivement le nom drsquoEacutecole nationale des ponts et chausseacutees Le deacutecret de 1804 deacutefinit lrsquoorganisation de lrsquoEacutecole en tant qursquoeacutecole drsquoapplication ainsi que celle du corps des Ponts et Chausseacutees Le premier laboratoire de lrsquoEacutecole des ponts est creacuteeacute en 1831 (actuel LCPC) Installeacutee depuis 1997 principalement agrave Champs-sur-Marne sur le site de la Citeacute Descartes lrsquoEacutecole a eacutegalement une implantation agrave Paris au 28 rue des Saints-Pegraveres (MBA MAP IHEDATE formation continue associations)


Historiquement reacuteputeacutee pour sa formation drsquoingeacutenieur lrsquoEacutecole des ponts srsquoest transformeacutee au fil des ans en une entreprise globale de formation et de recherche freacutequenteacutee chaque anneacutee par plus de 1 500 eacutetudiants et 8 000 stagiaires en formation continue Elle est habiliteacutee agrave deacutelivrer le doctorat et un tiers des eacutetudiants est constitueacute drsquoeacutetrangers

LrsquoEacutecole des ponts a deacuteveloppeacute une activiteacute de recherche et de formation par la recherche Elle accueille aujourdrsquohui dix centres de recherche partenaires qui regroupent 250 permanents

Depuis 1994 lrsquoEacutecole est un eacutetablissement public agrave caractegravere scientifique culturel et professionnel (EPSCP) placeacute sous la tutelle du ministegravere chargeacute de lrsquoEacutequipement

LrsquoEacutecole srsquoest doteacutee de deux filiales minus Ponts Formation Eacutedition socieacuteteacute anonyme agrave conseil de surveillance et

directoire qui deacuteveloppe les actions de formation continue minus ENPC School of international management socieacuteteacute anonyme agrave conseil de

surveillance et directoire qui gegravere et deacuteveloppe le MBA des ponts accreacutediteacute par lrsquoAMBA et drsquoautres formations au management

LrsquoEacutecole des ponts srsquoinscrit dans plusieurs reacuteseaux structurants minus membre fondateur de ParisTech PRES regroupant dix grandes eacutecoles

drsquoingeacutenieurs de Paris minus membre fondateur du PRES Universiteacute Paris-Est aux cocircteacutes de lrsquouniversiteacute

Paris-Est Marne-la-Valleacutee de lrsquouniversiteacute Paris12 Val de Marne de lrsquoESIEE Paris et du Laboratoire central des ponts et chausseacutees

minus LrsquoEacutecole des ponts srsquoinscrit dans le reacuteseau scientifique et technique du ministegravere de lrsquoEacutecologie du deacuteveloppement et de lrsquoameacutenagement durables (MEDAD)

Philippe Courtier Directeur Geacuteneacuteral ENPC

FOREWORD 2

Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees

The Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees (LCPC) a public works research laboratory supported by the Ministry of Ecology Sustainable Development and Planning and on the Ministry of Research and Higher Education is very honoured to organise the International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis2008 We do this jointly with the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chausseacutees (ENPC) on behalf of the International Forum for Road Transport Technology (IFRTT) and the International Society for Weigh-In-Motion (ISWIM)

LCPC carries out research work in civil engineering roads materials structures geotechnics and natural hazards road safety and operation and environmental engineering LCPC has 600 employees plus 80 PhD students and leads a national technical network which comprises 17 regional laboratories involved in the same scientific and technical domains The organisation operates from two main sites Paris and Nantes and runs several large testing facilities eg a structure testing platform a large cable testing machine a circular pavement fatigue test track and device a skid resistance and full scale test track and a centrifuge LCPC is involved in European and international research projects carries on surveys and provides consultancy services It supports innovation provides scientific information regulations and standards It is a founding institute of the Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories (FEHRL)

LCPC has been involved in WIM activities for more than 20 years initially for pavement design and maintenance purposes and bridge applications (assessment of bridge loading and development of the Eurocode for Traffic Loads on Road Bridges) Then it carried out research and development work at National and European levels to develop and improve WIM technologies to meet the overload detection and control requirements for the French Ministry of Transport (DGMT)


LCPC chaired the COST323 action and led the WAVE project (4th Framework Programme (FP) of the European Commission) was involved in the REMOVE project (6th FP) and is currently leading a FEHRL cooperative project (FiWi)

LCPC is also carrying out research on heavy vehicles eg the impacts on infrastructure and on road safety heavy vehicle behaviour and interaction with the infrastructure and the environment It was involved in the ITFOECDDIVINE project in the 90rsquos as an element leader and then chaired a national PREDIT (Transportation Research and Study Programme) project on heavy vehicle safety (ARCOS2003 ndash theme 11) and is now involved in another PREDIT project VIF (Interactive heavy Vehicle of the Future) and a 6th FP project (Heavyroute) The expertise of LCPC in the heavy vehicles road safety and infrastructure domains was recognised by the OECDJTRC (Joint Transport Research Centre) when it appointed the organisation as a member of the Working Group on Heavy Vehicles Regulatory Operational and Productivity Improvements

The conditions for sustainable development require new obligations from the road freight transport sector and therefore the optimisation criteria evolve with respect to the general interest A wide open discussion with all the stakeholders led by the French government in the framework of the ldquoGrenelle de lrsquoenvironnementldquo resulted in strong and voluntary changes to concentrate the road traffic on its most relevant sectors and to reduce its impact on the environment especially in terms of carbon dioxide emissions The work carried out by LCPC on heavy vehicle weights and dimensions as well as on weigh-in-motion clearly contribute to the addressing of these issues

We wish a great success to this International Conference on Heavy Vehicles which for the first time merges the HVTT international symposium and the international conference on Weigh-In-Motion

Jacques Roudier General Director LCPC

AVANT-PROPOS 2


Le Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees (LCPC) est un laboratoire de recherche public au statut drsquoeacutetablissement public scientifique et technique (EPST) qui deacutepend du ministegravere de lrsquoeacutecologie du deacuteveloppement et de lrsquoameacutenagement durables et du ministegravere de la recherche et de lrsquoenseignement supeacuterieur Il est tregraves honoreacute drsquoorganiser conjointement avec lrsquoEcole Nationale des Ponts et Chausseacutees (ENPC) la confeacuterence internationale sur les poids lourds HVParis2008 pour le compte du forum international des technologies du transport routier (IFRTT) et de la socieacuteteacute internationale socieacuteteacute du pesage en marche (ISWIM)

Le LCPC megravene des travaux de recherche en geacutenie civil routes mateacuteriaux structures geacuteotechnique et risques naturels seacutecuriteacute routiegravere et exploitation et geacutenie de lrsquoenvironnement Le LCPC a 600 salarieacutes 80 doctorants et anime un reacuteseau technique national de 17 laboratoires reacutegionaux impliqueacutes dans les mecircmes domaines scientifiques et techniques Il est installeacute sur deux sites principaux Paris et Nantes il exploite plusieurs grands eacutequipements dont une plate-forme drsquoessai des structures une machine drsquoessai de cacircbles un manegravege de fatigue des chausseacutees une piste de glissance et drsquoessais en vrai grandeur des interactions veacutehiculesroute et une centrifugeuse Le LCPC est coordinateur ou partenaire de projets de recherche europeacuteens et internationaux et il reacutealise des eacutetudes et expertises Il soutient lrsquoinnovation et produit de lrsquoinformation scientifique des guides et normes Le LCPC est membre du forum des laboratoires europeacuteens de recherche routiegravere (FEHRL)

Le LCPC est impliqueacute depuis plus de 20 ans dans les activiteacutes du pesage en marche au deacutebut pour la conception et la maintenance des chausseacutees et les applications aux ponts (eacutevaluation des charges sur les ponts routiers et reacutealisation de


lrsquoEurocode sur le sujet) Ensuite des eacutetudes et recherches ont eacuteteacute meneacutees aux niveaux national et europeacuteen pour deacutevelopper et ameacuteliorer les technologies du pesage en marche et reacutepondre aux exigences pour la deacutetection et le controcircle des surcharges pour le compte du ministegravere des transports (DGMT) Le LCPC a animeacute lrsquoaction COST323 et le projet WAVE (4egraveme programme cadre de la Commission europeacuteenne) a eacuteteacute partenaire du projet REMOVE (6egraveme programme cadre) et anime le projet coopeacuteratif du FEHRL FiWi

Le LCPC megravene aussi des recherches sur les poids lourds leurs impacts sur les ouvrages et la seacutecuriteacute routiegravere leur comportement et interaction avec lrsquoinfrastructures et lrsquoenvironnement Il a eacuteteacute partenaire du projet ITFOCDEDIVINE dans les anneacutees 90 comme animateur drsquoune de ses parties puis animateur drsquoun projet national du PREDIT (Programme de Recherche et drsquoEtude sur les Transports) sur la seacutecuriteacute des poids lourds (ARCOS2003 ndash thegraveme 11) et participe agrave preacutesent agrave un autre projet de ce programme VIF (Veacutehicule lourd Interactif du Futur) et au projet europeacuteen Heavyroute du 6egraveme programme cadre Lrsquoexpertise du LCPC dans les poids lourds la seacutecuriteacute routiegravere et les infrastructures a eacuteteacute reconnue par lrsquoOCDEJTRC (Centre commun de recherche sur les transports) qui lrsquoa associeacute comme membre du groupe de travail sur la reacuteglementation et les ameacuteliorations de lrsquoexploitation et de la productiviteacute des poids lourds

Les objectifs de deacuteveloppement durable creacuteent aujourdrsquohui de nouvelles obligations au transport routier de marchandises et font eacutevoluer ses critegraveres drsquooptimisation au regard de lrsquointeacuterecirct collectif La large concertation meneacutee par le Gouvernement franccedilais avec toutes les parties prenantes dans le cadre du Grenelle de lrsquoenvironnement a abouti sur ce point agrave des orientations fortes et volontaristes de concentration du trafic routier sur les segments ougrave il est pertinent et de reacuteduction de ses impacts sur lrsquoenvironnement et de ses productions de gaz agrave effet de serre Les travaux meneacutes par le LCPC tant sur les poids et dimensions que sur le pesage en marche des veacutehicules lourds srsquoinscrivent eacutevidemment dans cette logique

Nous souhaitons un vif succegraves agrave cette confeacuterence internationale qui reacuteunit pour la premiegravere fois le symposium international HVTT et la confeacuterence internationale sur le pesage en marche

Jacques Roudier Directeur Geacuteneacuteral LCPC

PREFACE

The International Conference on Heavy Vehicles (HVParis 2008) combines for the first time two series of well known and recognised conferences dealing with road transport and truck issues the International Symposium on Heavy Vehicle Transport Technology HVTT (former International Symposium on Heavy Vehicle Weights and Dimensions ISHVWD) and the International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM) ISHVWD has been held every two or three years since 1986 in Kelowna Cambridge Ann Arbor Maroochydore Saskatoon Delft Johannesburg and State College and covered many aspects of heavy vehicleinfrastructure interaction heavy vehicle dynamics safety and performance ICWIM has been held every three or four years since 1995 in Zuumlrich Lisbon Orlando and Taipei and covered WIM technologies standards testing and applications of WIM to traffic monitoring infrastructure engineering enforcement and road pricing

Road transport is becoming increasingly important for freight transport and is a fundamental economic driver world wide The society now has to face important challenges on the environment (CO2 and noxious emissions) energy savings noise road and infrastructure safety operational cost and road pricing intermodality and fair competition in freight transport In this context it appeared appropriate to merge the HVTT10 and ICWIM5 conferences into a single larger conference covering a wider domain and addressing a broader range of issues It also provides an opportunity for the cross-fertilization of thinking between two close scientific and technical domains and to promote exchanges of experience between more scientists researchers engineers and professionals As both conference series were scheduled to come to Europe in 2008 the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees jointly with Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chausseacutees proposed to host this larger joint conference in Paris The International Forum for Road Transport Technologies (IFRTT) and the International Society for Weigh-in-Motion (ISWIM) agreed to the proposal and supported the organisation of this major event


There are crucial debates taking place all over the world prompted by a rapid increase in road freight transport demand This is in the context of making better use of existing infrastructure which is already rather congested and of reducing CO2 emissions by 25 Should the European directive 9653EC on the weights and dimensions of heavy vehicles be modified to accept longer and heavier trucks for international transit (European Modular Concept) This would increase freight transport capacity and reduce congestion and emissions Which counter measures or regulations should be introduced to maintain the balance with other transport modes the road safety and the infrastructure lifetime and maintenance costs How can we detect control and enforce overloaded vehicles how should we manage heavy vehicles on the road network and in the traffic flow to reduce travel time congestion CO2 emission wear of the infrastructure and increase road safety What is a fair price or taxes to be paid by road transport operators in order to maintain the cost to regular tax payers at a reasonable level

Canada and Australia initiated some years ago to move to a ldquoPerformance Based Standardrdquo for heavy vehicle design and regulation The feedback from this experience and the future of this new approach is very interesting for all other countries

All over the world investment and maintenance of road infrastructure are not keeping pace with the increase in demand for freight mobility It is necessary to design incentives for the development of vehicles and infrastructures as well as finding ways to facilitate compliance with legal requirements This has particular relevance for some developing countries where road networks may be under-designed

The conference addresses the broad range of technical issues related to heavy vehicles surface transport technology safety and weight measurement systems It provides access to current research best practice and related policy issues It is a multi-disciplinary inter-agency supported event It provides an international forum for heavy vehicle technology WIM standards research policy and applications and it reviews new developments since the last international conferences (ICWIM 4 and ISHVWD9)

This conference is a great success with 150 abstracts submitted reviewed by the two scientific committees and almost 90 papers fully reviewed and accepted from 30 countries and 5 continents The conference is organised in 3 plenary sessions combining HVTT and WIM presentations of general interest and 2 panel discussions all of them open to all the delegates There are 14 technical sessions (7 on HVTT and 7 on WIM) organised in parallel in which each community may find more specific presentations and discussions The technical sessions covers a variety of topics

Preface 11

Performance Based Standards (HVTT1) European Modular Concept (HVTT2) Vehicle Road Interaction (HVTT3) Safety (HVTT4) Routing (HVTT5) Vehicle Performance (HVTT6) and Road Transport Policies and Operation (HVTT7) and Traffic and Freight Management Road Safety and Pricing WIM networks (WIM1) WIM Technology and Testing (WIM2) Bridge WIM (WIM3) Vehicle Size and Weight Enforcement (WIM4) WIM Standardisation Data Quality Storage and Management (WIM5) WIM Data for Bridge Engineering (WIM6) and WIM Data for Pavement Engineering (WIM7)

An industrial exhibition is organised jointly with the conference to facilitate the meeting of delegates with manufacturers and users of heavy vehicles WIM and related technologies

The conference is supported by international organisations such as the OECDJTRC (Joint Transport Research Centre) PIARC (World Road Association) and FEHRL (Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories) by the MEDAD (French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development) the French Ministry of Research the FHWA (US Federal Highways Administration) and the TRB (Transport Research Board)

We greatly appreciate the major sponsors of the conference (Michelin Scania Kistler Sterela) and the regular sponsors (Renault Trucks Knorr Bremse Electronique Controle Mesure and TDC) for their support

We welcome all delegates to Paris and to the International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis 2008

Bernard Jacob Conference chair

PREacuteFACE

La confeacuterence internationale sur les poids lourds (HVParis 2008) rassemble pour la premiegravere fois deux seacuteries de confeacuterences reconnues sur le transport routier de marchandises et les poids lourds le symposium international sur les technologies des poids lourds et du transport HVTT (ex symposium international sur les poids et dimensions des poids lourds ISHVWD) et la confeacuterence internationale sur le pesage en marche (ICWIM) Les ISHVWD ont eacuteteacute organiseacutes tous les deux ou trois ans depuis 1986 agrave Kelowna Cambridge Ann Arbor Maroochydore Saskatoon Delft Johannesburg et State College et couvrent de nombreux aspects des interactions poids lourdsinfrastructures de la dynamique des poids lourds et de leur seacutecuriteacute et performances Les ICWIM ont eu lieu tous les trios ou quatre ans depuis 1995 agrave Zuumlrich Lisbonne Orlando et Taipei et concernent les technologies du pesage en marche les normes et recommandations les essais et les applications agrave la surveillance et la gestion du trafic agrave lrsquoingeacutenierie des structures aux controcircles et agrave la tarification routiegravere

Le transport routier de marchandises prend une importance croissante et joue un rocircle fondamental au plan eacuteconomique dans le monde la socieacuteteacute doit maintenant faire face agrave des deacutefis majeurs concernant lrsquoenvironnement (eacutemissions de gaz agrave effet de serre ou azoteacutes) les eacuteconomies drsquoeacutenergie le bruit la seacutecuriteacute routiegravere et des infrastructures les coucircts drsquoexploitation et de maintenance et la tarification routiegravere lrsquointermodaliteacute et la concurrence loyale entre modes et socieacuteteacutes de transport Dans ce contexte il a sembleacute opportun de fusionner les confeacuterences HVTT10 et ICWIM5 en une seule confeacuterence plus large couvrant un domaine eacutetendu et un spectre plus ouvert de questions Ceci permet aussi un eacutechange fructueux pour une fertilisation croiseacutee entre deux domaines scientifiques et techniques proches et la promotion des eacutechanges drsquoexpeacuteriences entre un plus grand nombre de scientifiques chercheurs ingeacutenieurs et professionnels Puisque les deux confeacuterences devaient ecirctre organiseacutees en Europe en 2008 le Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausseacutees en association avec lrsquoEcole Nationale des Ponts et Chausseacutees a proposeacute drsquoorganiser cette confeacuterence eacutelargie agrave Paris Le forum international des technologies du transport routier (IFRTT) et la socieacuteteacute internationale du pesage en marche (ISWIM) ont accepteacute cette proposition et soutenu lrsquoorganisation de cette manifestation importante

Preacuteface 13

Des deacutebats essentiels se deacuteroulent actuellement dans le monde entier motiveacutes par une demande soutenue et croissante de transport routier de marchandises dans le contexte drsquoun meilleur usage des infrastructures existantes deacutejagrave largement congestionneacutees et de la reacuteduction des eacutemissions de CO2 de 25 Faut-il reacuteviser la directive europeacuteenne 9653EC sur les poids et dimensions des veacutehicules lourds de transports de marchandises et accepter des camions plus longs et plus lourds pour le transit international (Concept Modulaire Europeacuteen) Ceci permettrait drsquoaccroicirctre la capaciteacute de transport de marchandises et donc de reacuteduire les congestions et eacutemissions Mais en ce cas quelles contre-mesures ou regravegles devraient ecirctre mises en œuvre pour conserver lrsquoeacutequilibre entre modes de transport la seacutecuriteacute routiegravere et la dureacutee de vie des infrastructures et maicirctriser les coucircts drsquoentretien Comment deacutetecter controcircler et eacuteviter les veacutehicules en surcharge Comment geacuterer les poids lourds sur le reacuteseau routier et dans le trafic pour reacuteduire les temps de parcours les congestions les eacutemissions de CO2 les dommages aux infrastructures et ameacuteliorer la seacutecuriteacute routiegravere Quels sont les tarifs ou les taxes justes agrave imputer aux opeacuterateurs du transport routier pour maintenir agrave un niveau acceptable des impocircts des citoyens

Le Canada et lrsquoAustralie ont commenceacute depuis quelques anneacutees agrave entrer dans la logique des normes performancielles (PBS ldquoPerformance Based Standardrdquo) pour la conception et la reacuteglementation des veacutehicules de transport de marchandises Le retour de ces expeacuteriences et les perspectives de cette nouvelle approche sont extrecircmement inteacuteressants pour tous les autres pays

Dans le monde entier investment and maintenance of road infrastructure are not keeping pace with the increase in demand for freight mobility Il est donc neacutecessaire de mettre en œuvre des incitations pour le deacuteveloppement des veacutehicules et des infrastructures et de trouver des voies pour un meilleur respect des reacuteglementations Ceci est particuliegraverement important pour certains pays eacutemergeants ou en deacuteveloppement ougrave les reacuteseaux routiers peuvent ecirctre sous-dimensionneacutes

La confeacuterence vise un vaste champ de problegravemes techniques lieacutes aux poids lourds aux technologies du transport de surface et aux systegravemes de mesure de la seacutecuriteacute et des poids Elle offre une ouverture sur les travaux de recherche les bonnes pratiques et les politiques associeacutees Crsquoest une manifestation multi-disciplinaire soutenue par des organismes de divers horizons Elle constitue un forum international sur les technologies des poids lourds les normes et techniques du pesage en marche la recherche les politiques et applications et permet de passer en revue les nouveaux deacuteveloppements depuis les derniegraveres confeacuterences internationales (ICWIM 4 et ISHVWD9)

Cette confeacuterence rencontre un grand succegraves avec 150 reacutesumeacutes soumis et examineacutes par deux comiteacutes scientifiques et environ 90 articles expertiseacutes et accepteacutes issus de 30 pays et 5 continents La confeacuterence comprend 3 sessions pleacuteniegraveres combinant des preacutesentations HVTT et WIM drsquointeacuterecirct geacuteneacuteral et 2 tables rondes ouvertes agrave tous les participants Elle comprend aussi 14 sessions techniques


en parallegravele (7 sur HVTT et 7 sur le pesage en marche) dans lesquelles chaque communauteacute trouve des preacutesentations et discussions speacutecifiques Les sessions techniques couvrent une varieacuteteacute de sujets

Les normes performancielles (HVTT1) le concept modulaire europeacuteen (HVTT2) interactions veacutehicules infrastructures (HVTT3) seacutecuriteacute (HVTT4) guidance des poids lourds (HVTT5) performances des veacutehicules (HVTT6) et exploitation et politiques du transport routier (HVTT7) et reacuteseaux de stations de pesage en marche pour la gestion du trafic et du transport de marchandises la seacutecuriteacute et la tarification routiegraveres (WIM1) technologies et essais de systegravemes de pesage en marche (WIM2) pesage par ponts instrumenteacutes (WIM3) deacutetection et controcircle des poids et dimensions des veacutehicules (WIM4) normalisation qualiteacute stockage et gestion des donneacutees du pesage en marche (WIM5) utilisation du pesage en marche pour les ponts (WIM6) et pour les chausseacutees (WIM7)

Une exposition industrielle est organiseacutee conjointement avec la confeacuterence pour faciliter la rencontre des deacuteleacutegueacutes et des socieacuteteacutes des constructeurs et utilisateurs de poids lourds et des fabricants et utilisateurs des systegravemes de pesage en marche

La confeacuterence est parraineacutee par des organisations internationales comme lrsquoOCDEJTRC (Centre de recherche commun sur les transports) lrsquoAIPCR (Association mondiale de la route) le FEHRL (Forum des laboratoires de recherche routiegravere europeacuteens) par le MEDAD (Ministegravere franccedilais de lrsquoeacutecologie et du deacuteveloppement durables) le ministegravere franccedilais de la recherche la FHWA (Administration feacutedeacuterale des routes ameacutericaines) et le TRB (Transport Research Board)

Nous tenons agrave remercier les sponsors majeurs de la confeacuterence (Michelin Scania Kistler Sterela) et les autres sponsors (Renault Trucks Knorr Bremse Electronique Controcircle Mesure et TDC) pour leur soutien

Nous souhaitons la bienvenue agrave Paris agrave tous les participants pour la confeacuterence internationale sur les poids lourds HVParis 2008

Bernard Jacob Preacutesident de la confeacuterence httphvparis2008freefr


HVParis 2008




Paul Nordengen







ORGANIZATION






















Major Sponsors





Sponsors





Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13

















Paul Nordengen







ORGANIZATION






















Major Sponsors





Sponsors





Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13



















ORGANIZATION






















Major Sponsors





Sponsors





Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














ORGANIZATION






















Major Sponsors





Sponsors





Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13




























Major Sponsors





Sponsors





Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13























Major Sponsors





Sponsors





Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














Major Sponsors





Sponsors





Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














Sponsors





Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














Exhibitors











Michelin (France)



Sterela (France)


TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














TABLE OF CONTENTS









Panel Discussion 19













FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13

























FOREWORD 1

















AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13





















FOREWORD 1

















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FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13


















FOREWORD 1

















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FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



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FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13























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FOREWORD 2











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PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














AVANT-PROPOS 1




















FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13


























FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














FOREWORD 2











AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13




















AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














AVANT-PROPOS 2











PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13




















PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














PREFACE









Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13




















Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














Preface 11







PREacuteFACE



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PREacuteFACE



Preacuteface 13














Preacuteface 13






















Documents

cover - download.e-bookshelf.de · Bernard Favre Renault Trucks France Christophe Penant Michelin France Anders Lundström IFRTT ... A history of freight transport prior to the modern