Covalent BondingLO:

Describe how electrons make a covalent bond (D)

Explain what happens to form a covalent bond (C)

Explain why a compound would have a high or low boiling point (B)

Use the Rutherford model of the atom to explain why covalent bonds occur and represent them in a diagram. (A/A*)

Starter

Which are metals and non-metals out of…

Na, Cl, Pb, H, N, S, Cu, Fe, C, Ba

How do ionic bonds form ?

Ionic bonds are between Metal and Non-metal.

Covalent bonds are for Non-metals.

The atoms share electrons to get full electron orbits.

What do atoms want ?

Drawing the atomsDraw the outer most ring.

Fill in the electrons by placing them in UNPAIRED for the first 4 and then pair up for the rest.

The number of UNPAIRED electrons tells you how many covalent bonds this atom can make.

How do you know how many electrons are in the outer ring ?

Hydrogen

Draw the Hydrogen atom.

Say how many electrons it needs.

Covalent bondingCovalent bondingCovalent bondingCovalent bonding

Covalent bonding

Fluorine

Draw a dot and cross diagram for the molecule of Fluorine

F2

Explain in no more than 2 sentences why Fluorine will form a diatomic molecule (a molecule with 2 atoms in it)

Covalent bondingCovalent bondingCovalent bondingCovalent bonding

Covalent bonding

A covalent molecule can form more than one bond with another atom.

OxygenDraw a dot and cross diagram for the oxygen molecule O2

Don’t forget how many electrons are needed in the outer ring.

Also remember that you don’t need to draw any inner rings.

We can represent covalent bonds in a number of ways…

Water

Covalent bondingCovalent bondingCovalent bondingCovalent bonding

Covalent bonding

Draw these covalent compounds

HCl

NH3

CH4

PCl3

CO2

Make these models

HCl

H2O

CH4

C2H6

CO2

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Chlorine

Single bond

Double bond

Sharing electrons